Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

gabriel ratiSvilis `mciredi moTxrobidan~
ilia WavWavaZis `mgzavris werilebamde~
darejan menabde
1863 wels, `saqarTvelos moambis~ XI-XII nomrebSi, ilia WavWavaZem gamoaqveyna gabriel
ratiSvilis samogzauro-memuaruli Janris Txzuleba `mciredi ram moTxroba rosiisa~. g.
ratiSvili (1771-daaxl. 1825) qarTuli literaturis e. w. gardamavali xanis saintereso poeti,
prozaikosi da memuaristia. misimisi biografia naklebadaa cnobili da arc mis Semoqmedebaze
gvaqvs sruli warmodgena.
g. ratiSvilis literaturuli memkvidreoba cnobilia erTi mozrdili krebuliT (S #
2910), romelic avtograful xelnaweradaa miCneuli (ruxaZe 1966; qarTul xelnawerTa
aRweriloba 1965). misi Sedgeniloba aseTia:
1. mciredi raime moTxroba rosiisa (1r-92v).
2. [kalendaruli cnobebi] (92v-104v).
3. [gabriel ratiSvilis leqsebi] (105r-119r).
4. [svimon ratiSvilis leqsi] (119r).
5. [baraTebi]: `megobarTan misaweri baraTi~, `samRvdeloTa Tana misaweri~, `batonTan da
batonis SvilTan misaweri baraTi~, `dasTan misaweri baraTi ars ese~, `samZimris baraTi ars ese~,
`qalTan misaweri baraTi ars ese~ (120v-133v) (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba 1965).
`saqarTvelos moambeSi~ daibeWda am Txzulebis pirveli (arasruli) publikacia,
romelsac iliam aseTi SeniSvna daurTo: `es werili ekuTvnis T. gab. ratiSvils, romelic Cven
mefis Svilebs Tana xlebia, roca isini gadausaxlebiaT ruseTSi. rac unaxavs tfilisidam
peterburgamde, rac gadaxdenia, yvelafers gviambobs, _ da is naambobi uintereso ar ari~
(`saqarTvelos moambe~ 1863). i. WavWavaZem Txzulebis beWdva ki daiwyo, magram Jurnalis
daxurvis gamo veRar daasrula. igi mxolod 1962 wels gamoaqveyna v. Sadurma krebulSi
`qarTveli mwerlebi ruseTis Sesaxeb~ (Saduri 1962: 156-301). gamomcemelma `mciredi moTxroba~
mcireodeni SemoklebiT dabeWda — gamotovebulia aleqsandre pirvelis manifesti da platon
moskovelis sityva (Saduri 1962: 254; 260). `mciredi moTxroba~ ZiriTadad prozauli teqstia,
romelSic CarTulia ramdenime aTeuli leqsi. Txzuleba 1801-1802 wlebSi unda iyos dawerili.
g. ratiSvili farTo sazogadoebisaTvis arcTu kargad nacnobi avtoria, amitom,
SevecdebiT avxsnaT, Tu ratom unda dainteresebuliyo i. WavWavaZe am TxzulebiT.
g. ratiSvili XIX s. damdegs ioane batoniSvils adiutantad axlda ruseTSi, iyo
peterburgsa da moskovSi, daeswro imperator aleqsandre I-is kurTxevas da axali imperatoris
mier 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris cnobili manifestis gamocxadebas. misi marSruti iyo: Tbilisi,
mcxeTa, larsi, mozdoki, moskovi, sanqt-peterburgi da ukan: moskovi, caricini, astraxani,
mozdoki, vladikavkazi, larsi, stefanwminda... mis TxzulebaSi Txroba iwyeba Tbilisidan
gamgzavrebiT (7.III.1801), mTavrdeba g. ratiSvilis samSobloSi, sakuTar mamulSi (zogi cnobiT,
sof. qsovrisi) dabrunebiT. Txzulebis faqtobrivi masala uTuod drois am monakveTSi
daiwera, misi literaturuli gaformeba, damTavreba da saboloo redaqtireba ki avtoris
dabrunebisTanave, cocxali STabeWdilebiT moxda. safiqrebelia, g. ratiSvili mogzaurobisas
werda dRiurs, romelSic Sehqonda STabeWdilebebi da dakvirvebebi. sxvagvarad
warmoudgenelia iseTi detalizacia, iseTi dawvrilebiTi aRweriloba faqtebisa da
movlenebisa, rogoric `mciredi moTxrobis~ TiTqmis yovel gverdze gvxvdeba. miuxedavad
mokrZalebuli saTaurisa, is srulebiTac araa `mciredi moTxroba~, piriqiT, es aris vrceli,
leqsCarTuli aRweriloba qarTveli mwerlis ruseTSi mogzaurobisa, vrceli Txroba
ruseTze, Zvirfasi saistorio wyaro, romelSic uxvadaa cnobebi ruseTis imdroindel
saxelmwifoebriv-politikur cxovrebaze, socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze,
saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobaze da sxv.
g. ratiSvilis saxiT Cven winaSea Zveli qarTuli literaturis tradiciebze aRzrdili da
erovnul satkivarze Rrmad dafiqrebuli memuaristi, romelic gvacnobs Tavisi mogzaurobis
mizezebs, gvixsnis, Tu ram aiZula batoniSvilebi, XIX saukunis damdegs daetovebinaT
saqarTvelo, rogor moxvda ruseTSi da rogor ganicada ucxoeTSi yofna, ram gadaawyvetina
memuarebis wera da sxv.
`mciredi raime moTxroba rossiisa~ mravalmxriv mniSvnelovani Txzulebaa. Tavis
winamorbed memuaristTagan (g. gelovani, v. orbeliani da sxv.) gansxvavebiT, g. ratiSvils
politikuri alRoc hqonda gamaxvilebuli. man igrZno ruseTis mxridan mosalodneli
safrTxe, tragizmi arsebuli viTarebisa da es yovelive STambeWdavad gadmosca kidec Tavis
TxzulebaSi.
g. ratiSvili imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom es aris erTaderTi avtori, uSualod momswre
da monawile aleqsandre I-is manifestis gamocxadebisa. mwerali, romelmac mTeli sicxadiT
dainaxa mosalodneli istoriuli movlenebi.
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