Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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qarTvel kacs mudam enatreboda simSvide. kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebas is, albaT, zogjer simSvidis<br />
pirobadac miiCnevda, Semdeg ki bednierebad moiazrebda, aRar undoda brZola, vaivaglaxi. es,<br />
albaT, arc ilias gamorCeboda mxedvelobidan. amitomac daafiqsira qarTveli darbaiseli<br />
moxucis azri kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebaze anu istoriul WrilSi, warsul dro-sivrcesTan mimarTebaSi<br />
ganixila qarTuli xasiaTis Tavisebureba, qarTveli kacis realobasTan damokidebulebis<br />
Camoyalibebis procesi.<br />
magram ilia Seedava moxuc qarTvels, radgan kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba simSvidis, bednierebis<br />
pirobad ar darCa, nel-nela TaTqariZeobis saxe miiRo; qarTvelebs, maT Soris darbaiselTac,<br />
brZolis, aqtiurobis survili da unari CauxSo. ilia amaze Tvals ver daxuWavda. amotomac mas<br />
`momakvdinebeli seni~ uwoda, brZola gamoucxada; moxuci darbaiseli qarTvelis<br />
kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebam da masze damyarebulma bednierebam ironiuli Seferiloba miiRo da iliam amas<br />
`umadloba~, xolo adamianebs `umadloni~ uwoda.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi Zalian sainteresod gveCveneba viqtor nozaZis dakvirvebani qarTul<br />
xasiaTze. didi rusTvelologis ucnob gamouqveynebel naSromSi (`qarTuli modgma da xasiaTi.<br />
qarTveli kaci~) mSvenivradaa axsnili qarTuli bunebis am Taviseburebis _ kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebis,<br />
Semgueblobis Camoyalibebis mizezebi. amis warmosaCenad moxmobilia termini `esTetikuri<br />
upasuxismgebloba~. ganmartebulia Sinaarsi: qarTveli xalxi xSirad y<strong>of</strong>ila sxvadasxva saxis<br />
politikur batonobaSi. mas xSirad ipyrobda mteri. isini batonobes emorCilebian, magram mas<br />
arasodes seriozulad ar uyureben, xdebian Semgueblebi, TiTqos udardelnic. es<br />
garkveulwilad maTi upasuxismgeblobaa. rodesac am batonobas bolo eReba, es xalxi Tavisi<br />
xasiaTiT iseTive rCeba, rogorc uwin iyo. SesaZloa, ufro Zlieric ki (`rac ver mZlevs, mxdis<br />
ufro Zliers~) esaa maTi esTetizmi. qarTvelobis am `esTetikur upasuxismgeblobaSi~ imaleba<br />
saidumloeba, erTi mxriv, maTi gadarCenisa, meore mxriv, maTi mimzidvelobisa, rogorc xalxisa<br />
(nozaZe 1954: 17). mesame mxriv ki, rogorc iliam SeniSna, imaleba saidumloeba qarTuli xasiaTi,<br />
qarTveli kacis sazogadoebasTan amgvari mimarTebis Camoyalibebisa.<br />
2. adamianis `mravalfer bunebaTagan~ erT-erTi ilias poema `gandegilis~ personaJia.<br />
saerTod ki, zemoaRniSnuli problemebis fsiqologiur-Teologiuri safuZvlebis<br />
moZiebas aucileblad mivyavarT mwerlis sarwmunoebrivi mrwamsis gaTvaliswinebamde.<br />
araerTxel aRniSnula samecniero literaturaSi, rom `qristianuli morali udevs<br />
safuZvlad ilias nawarmoebebSi asaxul yvela motivs~ (niniZe 1997: 10). igive azri gvxvdeba bevr<br />
sxva naSromSic (baqraZe 1984; kalandariSvili 2006 da sxv.).<br />
pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis problemaTa Teologiuri aspeqtebi<br />
waarmoCenilia umetesad `gandegilsa~ da `glaxis naambobSi~.<br />
`gandegilis~ Tematika gvaiZulebs masSi moviZioT ara raime alegoriuli sqema,<br />
dakavSirebuli Tundac saqarTvelos cxovrebasTan, konkretul epoqasTan, aramed zogadi<br />
problema — pirovnebis sazogadoebasTan damokidebulebis sakiTxi. poemaSi iseve, rogorc<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio literaturaSi arsebul ramdenime nawarmoebSi, warmodgenilia konkretuli<br />
adamianis, am SemTxvevaSi beris fsiqologiuri portreti. `gandegilis~ zogadfsiqologiur<br />
problemebze, SesaZloa, ufro gabedulad vimsjeloT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
literaturaSi arsebobs nawarmoebi, romelic SegviZlia miviCnioT poemis literaturul<br />
pirvelwyarod. es aris iliasve Targmnili cnobili germaneli egviptologisa da romanistis<br />
georg ebersis romani `rameTu kaci var~. iliam romani Targmna 1878-1879 wlebSi. marTalia, q-ni<br />
gulnara kalandariSvili dasaxelebul metad saintereso wignSi uary<strong>of</strong>s Cven mier adreve<br />
gamoTqmul mosazrebas amis Sesaxeb (kalandariSvili 2006: 108), magram am uary<strong>of</strong>as ver<br />
gaviziarebT, radgan nawarmoebTa Sedareba sul sxvas laparakobs.<br />
da mainc rogoria gandegilis fsiqologiuri portretiT, an misi mimarTeba<br />
sazogadoebasTan~? mravaljer aRniSnula gandegili beris nebisy<strong>of</strong>is sisuste (baqraZe 1984:<br />
108), gauwonasworebeli, disharmoniuli xasiaTi, magram ratomaa unebisy<strong>of</strong>o~ ratom iqca<br />
tragikul pirovnebad~ nuTu is, rom bolomde darCe mtkice asketad, maTi xvedria, romelTac<br />
xorcis gvema miznad daisaxes~ gandegilis nebisy<strong>of</strong>is sisuste, misi tragedia — esaa<br />
konkretuli pirovnebis tragedia, romelmac araswori pozicia daikava garesamyarosTan; rac<br />
mTavaria, ararealurad, arajansaRad Seafasa sazogadoeba, romelSic is cxovrobda.<br />
qrestomaTiul donezec ki yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom poemis gmirma qveyana `borotebis<br />
samflobelod~ miiCnia. imdenad muq ferebSi warmogvidgina iliam gandegilis TvaliT<br />
danaxuli wuTis<strong>of</strong>eli, rom iq adgili aRar rCeba aranairi madlisaTvis. arada, es qveyana xom<br />
marto `codvis sadguri~ ar aris~ `siturfe da saTnoeba~ xom yovelTvis ar aris `eSmakis maxe<br />
da cduneba~. gandegilma wuTis<strong>of</strong>eli, sazogadoeba datova, rogorc pesimistma. beroba,<br />
gandegiloba am SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda mxolod saSualeba wuTis<strong>of</strong>elSi arsebul<br />
borotebaTagan gaqcevisa, ioli xerxi, rom amqveyniuri borotebani daeviwyebina. arada, saRad<br />
unda Seefasebina yovelive: is, rom borotebis gverdiT sikeTec arsebobs, rom mSveniereba<br />
sikeTea. ase vTqvaT, `ZaliT daviwyebulma~ faqtebma Tavi Seaxsena.<br />
poemis teqstidan aSkaraa, rom gandegilis sulis foriaqi ar aris mudmivi sifxizle,<br />
yovelwuTieri mRviZareba. nawarmoebis bevri epizodi da niuansi warmoaCens gmiris<br />
disharmoniul, gauwonasworebel, eWvian unebisy<strong>of</strong>o bunebas da xasiaTs. es yvelaferi da<br />
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