Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Tavis ers. es devi Cveni literaturisa... `Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudneso~ sTqva man. mTelma<br />
saqarTvelom gaigona da Seiyvara kidevac es lozungi. dRes, Cven vinc vdgevarT qarTuli<br />
kulturisa da Tvisebriobis sadarajozed — gvamxnevebs ilias simamace da gvitacebs misi<br />
brZolis stiqia. misi aCrdili dagvtrialebs Tavs da mudam gvTxovs angariSs `ra vakeTeT, ras<br />
vSvebodiT~ saqarTvelosTvis, misi warsulisa da ganviTarebisaTvis... viyoT isev medgarni,<br />
rogorc ilia, viyoT isev sastikni Cveni kulturis dacvaSi~ - werda konstantine gamsaxurdia.<br />
(`ilioni 1. 1922)~.<br />
xolo rac Seexeba galaktions, savaraudoa, rom misi 1916 wlis cnobili gandgoma<br />
`cisferyanwelebisagan~ da e.w. `saukunis Cxubi~, swored qarTuli literaturuli<br />
tradiciebisadmi maTi damokidebulebrivi da deklarirebuli poziciebisagan absoluturi<br />
gansxvavebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. galaktionma, romelic sakuTar Tavs (miT umetes im dros)<br />
`akakis qnaris~ poetTa rigSi moiazrebda, ver gaiziara `cisferyanwelTa~ Tavdajerebuli da<br />
pretenziuli gancxadebani sityvakazmuli mwerlobis maT mier dawyebuli axali<br />
welTaRricxvis Taobaze, maTi damokidebuleba qarTuli mwerlobis tradiciebisa da<br />
gansakuTrebiT iliasa da akakis misamarTiT, elitarulobisa da klanurobis xmamaRla<br />
gacxadebuli Tezisebi. `me ar vnanob~ _ werda is olia okujavas da am nabijis erTgvar<br />
argumentaciad Tu dadasturebad unda CaiTvalos 1919 wels gamoqveynebuli esse: `Zvirfasi<br />
saflavebi~, sadac galaktionma nikoloz baraTaSvilis, mamia gurielis, vaJas, yazbegis, da<br />
gansakuTrebuli xazgasmiT iliasa da akakis Rvawli Seafasa, kidev erTxel gausva ra xazi maT<br />
fassa da mniSvnelobas ara mxolod Tavad misTvis, rogorc poetisaTvis aramed sazogadod<br />
qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis.<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom am droidan galaktioni TiTqos calsaxad unda gamijvnoda<br />
`simbolistur xilvebs~, yovel SemTxvevaSi `cisferyanwelTa~ ideebisagan xazgasmulad<br />
gansxvavebuli mosazrebani araerTxel gamoTqva: `me ar vici ra aris `cisferyanwelebis~<br />
mimdinareoba me vici ufro mSobliuri tradiciao~ - acxadebda. Tumca, es gamijvna rogorc<br />
Cans, iyo oden pirovnuli da poziciuri da arcerT SemTxvevaSi ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi, radgan<br />
am droidan galaktioni kidev ufro dauaxlovda simbolisturi ms<strong>of</strong>laRqmis `kanonikas~.<br />
Seqmnili uxerxuli, konfliqturi Tu araerTazrovani garemoebiT yvelaze metad<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, saTavisod~ III Zalam isargebla. qarTveli simbolistebis amgvari tendencia<br />
Tu `esTetikuri poza~ da konfliqti amis gamo qarTuli mwerlobis Rirssacnobi nawilis orive<br />
mxares Soris, bevrad ufro mzakvruli da Sorsmimavali Canafiqris nawilad iqca, warmatebiT<br />
iqna ra gamoyenebuli sabWoTa ideologebisa da wiTeli saliteraturo kritikis mier,<br />
rodesac qarTveli simbolistebisagan “xalxis mtris xatis” Sesaqmnelad maTi e.w. “saymawvilo<br />
seni” — ilias faqtori gansakuTrebuli xazgasmiTa da kategoriulobiT iqna rakursirebuli.<br />
im umZimes braldebebs Soris, romlebic mogvianebiT qarTvel simbolistebs wauyenes,<br />
erTi isic iyo, rom maT xelaRebiT uaryves qarTuli mwerlobis tradiciebi da brZola<br />
gamoucxades XIX saukunis qarTuli literaturis klasikosebs - iliasa da akakis. da rac ar<br />
unda paradoqsuli iyos, es braldebani jer kidev saqarTvelos mweralTa I yrilobaze (-1926<br />
wlidan) gaisma: jer cnobili partmuSakebis, rappel-napostovelTa mxardamWerebis,<br />
iliasmoZuleTa — f. maxaraZisa da v.baxtaZis gamosvlebSi da Semdgom l. berias sadamsjelo<br />
aparatis mier SeTiTxil braldebebSic gaxmianda.<br />
Tumca `cisferyanwelTa~ mxatvrul — publicisturi memkvidreobis Tundac gadaxedvisas<br />
imTaviTve cnaurdeba is faqti, rom aRniSnuli pozicia maTi ara mxolod e.w. “saymawvilo seni”<br />
iyo, aramed am literaturuli jgufis cnobili artistuli individualizmis da<br />
miTosmeikerobis erTgvari gamovlinebac (am SemTxvevaSi arcTu warmatebuli), radgan calke<br />
ilia WavWavaZis saxeli, Rvawli da avtoriteti da zeddarTuli TavianTive “metacirebuli”<br />
gancxadebani SemdgomSi niadag awvalebda “cisferyanwelebs”. aqedan gamomdinare iliasadmi<br />
gansakuTrebul pativiscemas da mis mniSvnelobas qarTuli sazogadoebrivi Tu SemoqmedebiTi<br />
sazrisisaTvis mudmivad acxadebdnen: `ilia cnobilia qarTul mwerlobaSi rogorc<br />
mamamTavari realizmisa da fuZemdebeli axali saliteraturo enisa... cnobilia ilias<br />
enamzeoba, is SesaniSnavi oratori iyo, magram is iyo agreTve SesaniSnavi mcodne qarTuli<br />
enisa... is aris xalxuri poeti am sityvis maRali mniSvnelobiT. ilias xalxurobis garda<br />
amSvenebssisadave- igi popularulia Tavisi formiT da misawvdomia ubralo<br />
mkiTxvelisaTvisac. ilia didi ostati da xelovani iyo. misi nawarmoebni yovelTvis gauweven<br />
metoqeobas ms<strong>of</strong>lio literaturis saukeTeso Sedevrebs... arc erT qarTvel poets ar Seuqmnia<br />
iseTi mZlavri patriotuli lirika, rogoric Seqmna iliam. iliam gvaswavla, Cven siyvaruli<br />
samSoblosaadmi maSin, rodesac Cveni qveyana gminavda monarqiuli reJimis quslis qveS. me<br />
davwere 15 wlis winaT da axlac gavimeoreb, rom ilias patara leqsSi `tyem moisxa foToli~<br />
ismis gasaocari simfonia. iliam Tavisi SemoqmedebiT daidga xelTuqmneli Zegli madlieri<br />
STamomavlobis gulSi. ar darCenila arcerTi poeti, rom ar eZRvnas leqsi iliasaTvis,<br />
CvenTvis, qarTveli mwerlobisaTvis ilia gaxda namdvili Tanamedrove. iliam Seasrula Tavis<br />
epoqis socialuri dakveTa, Seqmna ra udidesi mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, gamsWvaluli farTe<br />
socialuri problemebiT, amiT igi gascilda Tavis epoqas da Tavis klass. misi sityvebi<br />
Tqmulni genialuri gulwrfelobiT gauZleben saukuneebs da sanam ki feTqs Cveni guli, ilias<br />
114
Change language