Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ilias faqtori simbolisturi miTTamTxzvelobis<br />
xanaSi<br />
Tamar paiWaZe<br />
ilias Semdeg, sityvebiT: “epoqa gaTavda didi” galaktionma axali mwerlobis<br />
qronologiuri zRvari, “logosis“ Ziebis axali mosaxvevi aRniSna, Torem problema, tkivili da<br />
azri kvlav erTi rCeboda.<br />
XX saukunis qarTuli leqsis istoria aTiani wlebidan iwyeba, SemoqmedebiT ZiebaTa gza,<br />
maSin kvlav ilias, akakis, vaJas poetur gakveTilebze gadioda da im xanebSi qarTvel poetebs<br />
verc warmoedginaT da arc undodaT sxva arCevani, Tvinier iliasa da akakis poeturi saxeebisa.<br />
iyo meore mimarTulebac, e.w. Tbilisuri poezia, rac Tbilisuri cxovrebis gariTmul saxes<br />
warmoadgenda. xelosanTa, vaWarTa, yaraCoRelTa, CarCTa, kintoTa, sazandarTa, aSuRTa,<br />
daxlTa, bazarTa TbilisSi maSin ZiriTadad somxebi da rusebi cxovrobdnen; aSuRuri baiaTebi,<br />
muxambazebi, robaiebi, zurna—dudukis xmaze Seqmnili simRerebi da iaffasiani saflirto—<br />
salonuri mimarTvebi maSin Zalian popularuli iyo da wignebadac ibeWdeboda. mesame, ki iyo<br />
daselTa poeturi eqsperimentebi, aralegaluri pirebi, rusi narodnikebis da<br />
internacionalistebis kvalSi Camdgari qarTveli revolucionerebi mocaleobis Jams (cixeSi<br />
jdomisas ZiriTadad) „poeturi xelovnebisTvis iRwvodnen“ da politikuri proklamaciebis<br />
msgavs leqsebSi lumpen — proletariatis da politikuri tusaRebis y<strong>of</strong>as aRwerdnen da<br />
yvelas brZolisaken mouwodebdnen.<br />
poezia ki sul sxvebma gadaarCines — eseni quTaiseli seminarelebi da gimnazielebi iyvnen,<br />
mZime fizikur da sulier atmosferoSi mouxdaT mosvla qarTvel poetebs, TiTqos maT arc<br />
elodnen da kidec gaukvirdaT maTi gamoCena. gakvirvebis mizezi pirvelyovlisa maTi poezia<br />
iyo — axali sityviT, saxiT da mimarTulebiT moazrovne poetebisadmi arasaerTazrovani<br />
reaqcia hqonda sazogadoebas, maSin isini cotas moswonda, bevrs—ara.<br />
swored aqedan daiwyo didi laSqroba poeziis mwvervalebisaken...<br />
ilias Semdeg SemoqmedebiT citadels erTmaneTismiyolebiT gaecalnen XIX saukunis<br />
literaturis klasikosebi da im drois SemoqmedebiTi vakuumis Sevseba “TavzexelaRebulma<br />
biWebma” — qarTvelma simbolistebma ikisres. Tamami da xmamaRali gamosvlebi<br />
TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis ara mxolod mxatvrul producirebaSi vlindeboda, aramed poziciur<br />
antagonizmSic cxaddeboda. _ igulisxmeba qarTvel simbolistTa cnobili damokidebuleba<br />
“TergdaleulTa” mimarT, riTac literaturul kritikaSi gaxmaurebuli gancxadebiT “maT is<br />
toti moiWres, romelzec isxdnen”.<br />
Tavdapirvelad “cisferi opiumiT mTvralni” TavianT mkiTxvelebs poetur _ mxatvruli<br />
instalirebis gansxvavebul gzebze da maTTan Sesaxvedrad mkiTxvelis gansakuTrebuli<br />
mzaobis saWiroebaze miuTiTebdnen, isini acxadebdnen, rom Zveli hangebis motrfiale Tu<br />
yursmiCveuli mkiTxvelisaTvis sakmaod rTuli iqneboda maTi gageba, da Tanamzraxvelebad e.w.<br />
“elitarul mkiTxvels” uxmobdnen.<br />
„...es Semdeg: aplodismentebi, xmauroba, aRtacebuli an mrisxane saxeebi, magram poeti<br />
Semoqmedebis dros yovelTvis martoa... lirika iZleva nirvanis grZnobas da arcerT<br />
xelovnebas ar gadahyavs suli nirvanaSi ase, rogorc lirikas, mosalodnelia, rom munjebi<br />
yvelaze ukeT gaigeben da daafaseben lirikul atirebas, radganac lirika yovelTvis aris<br />
preludia damSvidebisa da siCumis...<br />
... rogorc dekembris vefxvi movardnili sparseTidan saqarTveloSi lirika xSirad<br />
gaicxrileba tyviebiT, magram mis gansasveneblad ver gamodgeba uremi, saWiroa Savi baldaxini,<br />
edgaris cxenebiT. saWiroa rogorc parteri — didi zRva — daisebis loJebiT da ukanaskneli<br />
fardiT.<br />
TviTon lirika aravisTvis savaldebulo ar aris, is aristokratiulia zedmiwevniT...” —<br />
werda valerian gafrindaSvili 1916 wels („lirikis eliziumi“).<br />
am damokidebulebidan sul erTi nabiji iyo poetur RirsebaTa warmoCenis mizniT<br />
“cisferyanwelTa” mier ganxorcielebul ybadaRebul literaturul ganoxSirvamde, romlis<br />
Sedegic qarTuli poeturi azrovnebisa da gansaxovnebis istoria amgvari magistraluri xaziT<br />
warmoCenas gulisxmobda: rusTaveli > besiki da guramiSvili > baraTaSvili (Tumca arc misi<br />
Sefasebisas iyvnen erTsulovanni) da > vaJa-fSavela (vaJas literaturuli memkvidreoba<br />
poeturi niWis, ostatobis da mxatvruli aRqmis Zalmosilebis universalur koncentraciad<br />
aRiares).<br />
am siaSi ver moxvdnen Tergdaleuli poetebi. akakis ugulvely<strong>of</strong>a poeturi sityvis<br />
formaciis istoriidan qarTvelma simbolistebma sityvis mxatvruli sruly<strong>of</strong>is dabali<br />
xarisxiT axsnes, xolo rac Seexeba ilias, faqtia, misi poieturi memkvidreobis aSkara<br />
daufaseblobis miuxedavad, misi saxelisadmi sifrTxilesa da moridebas mainc iCendnen<br />
maSinac, roca am SefasebaTa yvelaze xazgasmuli xana _ maTi SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis pirveli<br />
periodi idga.<br />
112
Change language