Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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igi Tanamedrove literaturis periodizaciis saZirkvalia da moicavs sakiTxTa farTo wres:<br />
“realuri mimarTulebis” Camoyalibebas, “mamulis” Temis aRorZinebasa da mraval sxvas.<br />
ufro adreuli literaturuli procesebi ilias day<strong>of</strong>ili aqvs etapebad, xolo 60-ani<br />
wlebidan 90-ian wlebamde ki, misi azriT, mimdinareobda uwyveti ganviTareba, rodesac<br />
iqmneboda realisturi tendenciebi (“realuri mimarTuleba”) da yalibdeboda erovnulpatriotuli<br />
mimarTuleba, romlis damkvidrebis procesi mas dasrulebulad ar miaCnda. “...<br />
iZulebulni varT es samocian wlebis mdidari xana, da ara nakleb nay<strong>of</strong>ierni mis Semdegni<br />
droni, marto zogadis niSnebiT zepirad aRvniSnoT, ese igi ise, rogorc Cagvsaxia gulSi,<br />
radganac mas aqeT aqamomde Cven Cvenis azris moZraobisaTvis, rogorc droTa mowames,<br />
gvidevnebia Tvali imodenad, ramodenadac TviTon Tvali gviWrida” (WavWavaZe 1986:202).<br />
“werilebSi” swored amgvarma midgomam ganapiroba XIX saukunis literaturuli procesis,<br />
rogorc ganuy<strong>of</strong>eli mTlianobis aRqma. mwerali ar iziarebs imdroindel esTetikur<br />
koncefciebSi sakmaod gavrcelebul azrs literaturuli procesis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis mixedviTac am procesis periodizacia-day<strong>of</strong>a gulisxmobs axali da Zveli<br />
tendenciebis konfliqts. is miiCnevs, rom XIX saukunis qarTuli literaturis mimarT aseTi<br />
midgoma miuRebelia: ”mTeli es mecxrameti saukune ise dagvelia, rom am sakmaod dids manZilze<br />
arc erTi xana Cvenis cxovrebisa TiTqmis ar y<strong>of</strong>ila imisTana, rom ori saxsenebelad Rirsi<br />
azri, ori mimarTuleba, ori saqme, erTmaneTis mopirispire, erTmaneTs dasjaxebodes<br />
cxovrebis moedanze adgilis dasaWerad, Tu sxva risTvisme. ver vityviT, rom am grZel drois<br />
ganmavlobaSi ar y<strong>of</strong>iliyos xana da xana, romelnic ganirCevian TvisTa azrTa wyobiT,<br />
mimarTulebiT, Tu saqmoanobiT, xolo Cven imis Tqma gvinda, rom Cven ver vipoviT erTsa da<br />
imave xanaSi imisTana sxvadasxvaobas azrTa wyobisas da mimarTulebisas, rom cal-valke<br />
banakebad gasvla-gamosvlas sazogado moRvaweobisas raime saWiroeba win gasZRoloda ”<br />
(WavWavaZe 1986:180).<br />
amgvari Sefaseba aaSkaravebs, rom ilia WavWavaZisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sazogadoebrivsocialuri<br />
da erovnul-patriotuli ideebisadmi upiratesobis miniWeba nebismier sxva<br />
kriteriumebTan SedarebiT. swored mamulisadmi gulrwfeli siyvaruli aerTianebs ilias<br />
TvalSi sxvadasxva Taobebisa da mimarTulebebis warmomadgenlebs: “am mravalgvar sagnebSi,<br />
romelic mamulma, mamulis siyvarulma da mamulis-Svilobam Tvalwin gamogvifina, TviTeulma<br />
maTganma (“Zvel mweralTa”- i.m.) Tavisi sxivosani Suqi Seitana imisda mixedviT, vis ra ufro<br />
exerxeboda da sadamde Tvali uwvdeboda” (WavWavaZe 1986:203). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
literaturis memkvidreobis Tezisi, romelic formulirebulia ilias mier, rogorc “mateba<br />
da winsvla”, ar gamoricxavs ama Tu im mwerlis Semoqmedebis an romelime literaturuli<br />
movlenis kritikul Sefasebas, razec metyvelebs mwerlis nebismieri kritikuli xasiaTis<br />
werili.<br />
xolo TviT iliaseuli cneba “axali xanis” Sedareba mxolod b. belinskisuel “Век”-Tan<br />
(“saukunesTanaa”) SesaZlebeli. marTalia, b. belinskic iziarebda dasavleTevropuli kritikis<br />
socialur-istoriul mimarTulebas, magram Tavis esTetikur naazrevSi Tanamedroveobis<br />
princips warmoaCenda da Tanamedrove literaturuli procesebis periodizaciisas mas<br />
Semoaqvs cneba «Век» (ix. modebaZe, 1999: 39-40).<br />
ilia WavWavaZis Tvalsazrisi belinskis esTetikur-kritikuli koncefciis mimarT<br />
kargadaa Seswavlili. aq mxolod imas aRvniSnavT, rom misi zogierTi debuleba da<br />
gansakuTvrebiT mimdinare literaturuli procesebis iliaseuli aRqma belinskis koncefciis<br />
ZiriTad debulebebs uaxlovdeba. miuxedavad amisa cnebebi “axali xana” da “Век” araidenturia.<br />
magram maT Soris garkveuli ideur-Sinaarsobrivi msgavseba ueWvelia. orive moazrovne<br />
ganavrcobs am sityvebis mniSvnelobas da gulixsmobs problemaTa rTul kompleqss. amave dros<br />
akonkretebs maT da swored am problemaTa kompleqsis aRsaniSnavad iyenebs. belinskis “Век”<br />
iseve rogorc ilias “axali xana” ara mxolod qronologiuri, aramed istoriulsazogadoebrivi<br />
kategoriaa, romelic Tanamedrove literaturis sistematizaciis safuZvels<br />
warmoadgens da pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs ganviTarebis Tvisobriv siaxles. magram am or cnabas<br />
Soris SeimCneva arsebiTi gansxvavebac, romelic umTavresad qronologiaSi vlindeba.<br />
“Век” mTlianad moicavs XIX saukunes. b. belinskisTan xazgasmiT gamijnulia XIX da XVIII<br />
saukuneebis literaturul procesebi, xSirad isini erTmaneTs upirispirdeba. belinski ilia<br />
WavWavaZisagan gansxvavebiT siaxlis damkvidrebas arsebul tradiciebTan brZolad aRiqvams.<br />
rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, iliaseuli “axali xana” 60-an wlebSi iwyeba da ar upirispirdeba<br />
ganvlil etaps vinaidan iliaseuli “axali xana” Seicavs erovnuli TviTSegnebis cnebasac,<br />
romelic sityva “mamuliT” gamoixateba.<br />
amrigad, ilia WavWavaZis meTodologia, romliTac igi sargeblobs XIX saukunis qarTuli<br />
literaturis sistematizaciis dros, ganpirobebulia erovnul-patriotuli, socialuristoriuli<br />
da esTetikuri Sefasebebis erTianobiT. xolo mwerlis koncefciaSi erT-erT<br />
ZiriTad kriteriumad win “mamulis” cnebis wamoweva, umTavresi ganmasxvavebeli niSania iliasa<br />
da yvela mis Tanamedrove kritikosebs Soris.<br />
literatura:<br />
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