saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba
saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba
1.4 diax, dakvirvebebi da cdebis Catareba TiTqmis yovel Tvis fizikuri sidideebis gazomvebTanaa dakavSirebuli, romlebic raodenobrivad axasiaTeben fizikur movlenebsa da sxeulTa fizikur Tvisebebs. fizikuri sididea yvelaferi, ris gazomvac SeiZleba, mag., fizikuri sidideebia manZili, dro, masa, farTobi, moculoba da a. S. fizikur sidides aqvs ricxviTi mniSvneloba da erTeuli: mag., vTqvaT, gazomvis Sedegad miiRes, rom sxeulis moZraobis dro 10 wm-ia. am CanawerSi `10~ _ drois ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa, `wm~ ki _ drois erTeulis, wamis, Semoklebuli aRniSvna. fizikuri sididis ricxviTi mniSvneloba erTeulis arCevazea damokidebuli, mag., Tu magidis sigrZe 1m-ia, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is aseve 100 sm-is an 1000 mm-is tolia. fizikuri sididis erTeulebi jer kidev uZveles droSi gaCnda, roca adamianebs dasWirdaT gaezomaT dro, manZili, WurWlis moculoba, miwis nakveTis farTobi, sxvadasxva sxeulTa masebi. vaWrobis ganviTarebasTan erTad ufro da ufro aucilebeli xdeboda sxvadasxva sagnebis sigrZis, moculobis, masis Sedareba (rogor fiqrobT, ratom?). erTi da imave fizikuri sidideebis (mag., sxvadasxva sxeulis masebis an sigrZeebis) Sesadareb- 14 fizikuri sidideebi da maTi gazomva gaixseneT, rogor daamtkica galileo gali le im sxeulTa vardnaze aristoteles Sexedulebis mcdaroba? ra daaskvna man? warmoidgineT, rom galilei xarT da pizis koSkSi im legendarul cdas atarebT, romliTac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi WeSmaritebad miCneuli mosazreba unda gadaamowmoT. ar dagaviwydeT, rom aristotele udidesi avto ri te tia da arc ise advi lia, daarwmuno adamianebi misi Teoriis mcdarobaSi. Tqven zusti monacemebi gWirdebaT. rogor moiqceviT, raTa darwmundeT, rom birTvebi namdvi lad sxvadasxva simZimisa da zustad erTnairi for misaa, rom isini erTnairi simaR lidan mar Tlac erTsa da imave droSi Camocvivdnen miwaze? sur.1. feodalur saxelmwifoSi sig r Zis erTeulad mefis mkla vis sigr Ze iyo miCneuli. cxa dia, mefis SecvlasTan er Tad icv le bo da sazomi erT eu le bic. warmoidgineT, ra mox deboda, Tu sa xel mwi fo mokle droSi me fes ramden jer me Se icv lida. . . lad SemoiRes sazo mi erTeulebi, romelTac SemdgomSi sidideTa erTeulebi ewoda. istoriulad sxvadasxva qveyneb- Si erTi da imave sididis gansxvave
cxrili 1.1 metruli sistemis TavsarTebi fizikuri sidideebi da maTi gazomva 1.4. buli sazomi erTeuli gaCnda. mag., saqarTveloSi sigrZis Zalze gavrcelebuli sazomi iyo mtkaveli, romelic gaSlili xelis mtevnis neksa da cers Soris manZilis tolia. ru seTSi sigrZis erTeulad miRebuli iyo arSi ni _ manZili Sua TiTis wveridan idayvamde, holan diu ri duimi cera TiTis, xolo inglisuri futi fe xis terfis sigrZes utoldeboda. sxvadasxvagvari sazomi erTeulebi ara marto sxva dasxva qveynebs Soris savaWro urTierTobebs afer xebda, aramed erTi qveynis Signi Tac ki srul gaugebrobas qmnida (ratom?). msoflios civilizebulma qveynebma gadawyvites saerTaSoriso sazomi erTe ulebis SemuSaveba da 1793 wlis 1 agvistos Seiqmna kidec aseT sazom erTe ul Ta erToblioba _ sistema, romelSic sigrZis ZiriTad erTeulad metri iyo miiRebuli, xolo masis ZiriTad erTeulad _ kilogrami. erTeulTa am sistemas metruli sistema ewoda. metrul sistemaSi, garda ZiriTadi erTeulebisa, Sedis maTze 10-jer, 100-jer, 1000-jer da.S. meti (naklebi) erTeulebi. maT aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneba specialuri TavsarTebi. dasaxeleba aRniSvna mamravli dasaxeleba aRniSvna mamravli mega mg 1000 000 deci d 0,1 kilo k 1000 santi s 0,01 heqto h 100 mili m 0,001 deka dk 10 mikro mk 0,000 001 mecnierebaSi dRes gamoiyeneba erTeulTa saerTaSoriso sistema _ SI sistema (`Sistema Internationale”), romelic metruli sistemis safuZvelze Camoyalibda. SI sistemaSi sigrZis erTeulad miRebulia 1m, drois erTeulad _ 1wm, xolo masis erTeulad _1kg. SI sistemasTan erTad xSirad e. w. CGS sistemasac iyeneben, romelSic sigrZis erTeulad miRebulia 1sm, masis erTeulad _1g, drois erTeuli ki am sistemaSic 1wm-ia (swored am erTeulTa dasaxelebidan warmodgeba sistemis saxelwodebac: C-sm, G-g, S-wm) cxrili 1.2 fizikur sidideTa SI sistemis erTeulebi fizikuri SI sistemis sidide erTeuli aRniSvna erTeulebi, romlebic SI sistemas ar ekuTvnis sigrZe farTobi moculoba dro masa 1metri 1m 1kv. metri 1m 2 1kub. metri 1m 3 1wami 1wm 1kilogrami 1kg 1km = 1000m; 1dm = 0,1m; 1sm = 0,01m; 1mm = 0,001m 1heqtari (ha) = 10 000m 2 ; 1ari = 100 m 2 1 litri (l) = 0,001 m 3 1 wT = 60 wm; 1 saaTi (sT) = 60 wT = 3600 wm 1 tona = 1000 kg; 1 centneri (c) = 100 kg; 1grami (g) = 0,001kg 15
- Page 1 and 2: Sinaarsi Tema I. saubari fizikis Se
- Page 3 and 4: sityva `fizika~ ( `fiuzis~) berZnul
- Page 5 and 6: fizika _ mecniereba bunebis Sesaxeb
- Page 7 and 8: fizikuri sxeuli. nivTiereba. fiziku
- Page 9: aristotele amtkicebda, rom msubuqi
- Page 13 and 14: II praqtikuli samuSao #1 _ sxeulis
- Page 15 and 16: gansazRvreT wris far- Tobi uj re de
- Page 17 and 18: sur.3.es xis naWdevebiani joxi sigr
- Page 19 and 20: gaixseneT: ras Seiswavlis fizika? f
- Page 21 and 22: cda III erTi bolodan daxSul minis m
- Page 23 and 24: molekula rom fanq risxela gaxdes, f
- Page 25 and 26: mexuTe elements _ `RvTiur kvintesen
- Page 27 and 28: CaagdeT sinjaraSi niSaduris spirtSi
- Page 29 and 30: sur.3. brounis nawilakze garemos mo
- Page 31 and 32: molekulaTa urTierTqmedeba 2.4 amrig
1.4<br />
diax, dakvirvebebi da cdebis Catareba TiTqmis yovel Tvis fizikuri<br />
sidideebis gazomvebTanaa dakavSirebuli, romlebic raodenobrivad axasiaTeben<br />
fizikur movlenebsa da sxeulTa fizikur Tvisebebs.<br />
fizikuri sididea yvelaferi, ris gazomvac SeiZleba, mag., fizikuri sidideebia<br />
manZili, dro, masa, farTobi, moculoba da a. S.<br />
fizikur sidides aqvs ricxviTi mniSvneloba da erTeuli: mag., vTqvaT, gazomvis<br />
Sedegad miiRes, rom sxeulis moZraobis dro 10 wm-ia. am CanawerSi `10~ _<br />
drois ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa, `wm~ ki _ drois erTeulis, wamis, Semoklebuli<br />
aRniSvna.<br />
fizikuri sididis ricxviTi mniSvneloba erTeulis arCevazea damokidebuli,<br />
mag., Tu magidis sigrZe 1m-ia, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom is aseve 100 sm-is<br />
an 1000 mm-is tolia.<br />
fizikuri sididis erTeulebi<br />
jer kidev uZveles droSi gaCnda,<br />
roca adamianebs dasWirdaT gaezomaT<br />
dro, manZili, WurWlis<br />
moculoba, miwis nakveTis farTobi,<br />
sxvadasxva sxeulTa masebi. vaWrobis<br />
ganviTarebasTan erTad ufro da<br />
ufro aucilebeli xdeboda sxvadasxva<br />
sagnebis sigrZis, moculobis,<br />
masis Sedareba (rogor fiqrobT,<br />
ratom?).<br />
erTi da imave fizikuri sidideebis<br />
(mag., sxvadasxva sxeulis masebis<br />
an sigrZeebis) Sesadareb-<br />
14<br />
fizikuri sidideebi da maTi<br />
gazomva<br />
gaixseneT, rogor daamtkica galileo gali le im sxeulTa vardnaze<br />
aristoteles Sexedulebis mcdaroba? ra daaskvna man?<br />
warmoidgineT, rom galilei xarT da pizis koSkSi im legendarul<br />
cdas atarebT, romliTac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi WeSmaritebad<br />
miCneuli mosazreba unda gadaamowmoT.<br />
ar dagaviwydeT, rom aristotele udidesi avto ri te tia da arc<br />
ise advi lia, daarwmuno adamianebi misi Teoriis mcdarobaSi. Tqven<br />
zusti monacemebi gWirdebaT.<br />
rogor moiqceviT, raTa darwmundeT, rom birTvebi namdvi lad sxvadasxva<br />
simZimisa da zustad erTnairi for misaa, rom isini erTnairi<br />
simaR lidan mar Tlac erTsa da imave droSi Camocvivdnen miwaze?<br />
sur.1. feodalur saxelmwifoSi sig r Zis erTeulad<br />
mefis mkla vis sigr Ze iyo miCneuli. cxa dia, mefis<br />
SecvlasTan er Tad icv le bo da sazomi erT eu le bic.<br />
warmoidgineT, ra mox deboda, Tu sa xel mwi fo mokle<br />
droSi me fes ramden jer me Se icv lida. . .<br />
lad SemoiRes sazo mi erTeulebi,<br />
romelTac SemdgomSi sidideTa<br />
erTeulebi ewoda.<br />
istoriulad sxvadasxva qveyneb-<br />
Si erTi da imave sididis gansxvave
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