soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
elementebiT, Seqmnas Sesabamisi haerovani da Tburi reJimebi da sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavali. niadagi rTuli bunebrivi sxeulia, igi warmoebis sxva saSualebebisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom gonivruli gamoyenebis pirobebSi xdeba misi nayofierebis gaumjobeseba. amasTan erTad unda avRniSnoT, rom niadags, rogorc bunebriv sxeuls gaaCnia Tavisi istoria, igi isaxeba da viTardeba, mas aqvs Tavisi warsuli, awymo da momavali. misi warmoqmna- rTuli gzaa da damokidebulia garemo pirobebze. amis gamo ekologiuri pirobebis Sesabamisad dedamiwaze gvaqvs niadagis mravalferovneba, romlebic gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan mTeli rigi TvisebebiT. niadagi mosavlis safuZvelia, sazogadoebis simdidris wyaroa. saWiroa TvalisCiniviT gavufrTxildeT mas, yoveli Rone vixmaroT misi nayofierebis amaRlebisaTvis. niadagis orgvar nayofierebas arCeven: 1. bunebrivs, romelic warmoiqmneba da viTardeba bunebriv faqtorTa erToblivi zemoqmedebiT adamianis monawileobis gareSe 2. efeqturs, romelic iqmneba adamianis SromiT da damokidebulia, erTi mxriv, niadagze adamianis sameurneo zemoqmedebis xasiaTiT da, meore mxriv, mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove doniT. efeqturi nayofiereba ganisazRvreba mosayvani sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlis sididiT. niadagis nayofiereba aris niadagis ara myari, aramed mudmivad cvalebadi Tviseba. misi gaumjobeseba SesaZlebelia niadagis damuSavebis wesebis gaumjobesebiT, sasuqebis SetaniT, miwaTmoqmedebis progresuli sistemis danergviT da urTierTSoris dakavSirebuli sxva RonisZiebebis gatarebiT, SesaZlebeli gaxda niadagis nayofierebis mkveTri gadideba da mis safuZvelze maRali da mzardi mosavlis miReba. maRali da myari mosavlis miReba SesaZlebelia im pirobiT, Tu mcenare ganviTarebis stadiebis Sesabamisad erTdroulad da maqsimalurad uzrunvelyofili iqneba misi sococxlisaTvis saWiro yvela faqtoriT. niadagis Sedgeniloba da Tvisebebi niadagis klasifikacia meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT. niadagi samfaziani dispersiuli sxeulia., igi Sedgeba myari, Txieri da airovani fazisagan. niadagis myari (magari) faza sxvadasxva zomis nawilakebisagan anu meqanikuri elementebisagan Sedgeba, rac warmoadgens fraqciaTa erTobliobas. sxvadasxva zomis fraqciebs gansxvavebuli fizikuri da qimiuri Tviseba aqvT, romlebic did rols asruleben niadagSi mimdinare procesebsa da saboloo jamSi misi nayofierebis Seqmnis saqmeSi. meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT arCeven qvebs-xirxats da wvrilmiwa nawils. xirxats miekuTvneba nawilakebi, romelTa diametri 1 mm-ze metia, xolo wvrilmiwa 8
agregatebs iseTi, romelTa diametri 1 mm-ze naklebia, 0,01 mm-naklebi fizikuri Tixaa, xolo 1-0,01 mm zomis nawilakebi fizikuri Tixaa. xirxatiani niadagebi warmoadgens qanebisa da mineralebis namtvrevebs. sxvadasxva niadags xirxatiani fraqciis raodenoba sxvadasxva aqvT. maRali mTis niadagebi baris niadagebTan SedarebiT meti xirxatianobiT gamoirCeva. TiTqmis ar moipoveba iseTi niadagi, romlis meqanikuri Sedgeniloba mxolod erT romelime fraqcias Seicavs. niadagis meqanikur Sedgenilobazea damokidebuli, STanTqmiTi unarianoba, qimiuri Sedgeniloba, wylisa da haeris reJimebi niadagis meqanikuri Sedgeniloba gavlenas axdens mis fizikur, fizikur-qimiur Tvisebebze, struqturianobaze, winaRobis Zalaze da sxva. sxvadasxva meqanikuri Sedgenilobis niadagebi sxvadasxva TvisebiT xasiaTdebian. magaliTad Tixiani niadagebi Zneli dasamuSavebelia, Tixnari da silnari niadagebi ki piriqiT, SedarebiT advili. amitom Tixnar niadagebs- mZime meqanikuri Sedgenilobis niadagebs uwodeben, xolo silnars msubuqi Sedgenilobisas. Tixnari niadagebi wyals zedafenebidan siRrmeSi Znelad atareben, silnari da qviSnari niadagebi ki advilad. xirxatiani niadagebi swrafad da metad Tbebian vidre Tixa niadagebi. amitom xirxatian, qviSian niadagebs Tbil niadagebs uwodeben, xolo Tixians civs. Tixian niadagebSi Setanili sasuqebi ufro daculia gamorecxvisagan vidre silnari niadagebi. am mizeziTY silnar niadagebSi sasuqebis sruli normiT erTianad Setanas eridebian da sasuqebi wiladobrivad SeaqvT. Nniadagis xvedriTi masaNniadagis magari fazis xvedriTi masa aris garkveuli moculobis (1sm 3 , forebis CauTvlelad) absoluturad mSrali niadagis masa Sefardebuli imave moculobis wylis masasTan. Nniadagis mayari fazis xvedriTi masa niadagis Sedgenilobis erT-erTi maCvenebelia. cnobilia, rom niadagis mayari nawilebis xvedriTi masa meryeobs 2,3-2,9 farglebSi. rac metia niadagSi mineraluri nivTiereba, miT metia misi xvedriTi masa, da piriqiT, organuli nivTierebis meti raodenoba mis xvedriT masa amcirebs. Aase, magaliTad, torfiani niadagis xvedriTi masa udris 1,8; Savmiwa niadagisa, romelic 10 %-mde humuss Seicavs – 2,35; Tixnarisas – 2,5-2,6; qviSnarisas ki - 2,65-2,7. Nniadagis magari fazis xvedriTi masa Tu viciT, SegviZlia ukve ramdenadme warmodgena viqonioT niadagis Sedgenilobisa da misi sawarmoo Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. Nniadagis magari fazis xvedriTi masis codna saWiroa agreTve niadagis forianobis, aRnagobis da saxnavi fenis masis gamosarkvevad. 9
- Page 1 and 2: saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecniereb
- Page 3 and 4: Sesavali soflis meurneobis safuZvle
- Page 5 and 6: Sedgenilobaze, misi gamofitvis xasi
- Page 7: eliefis elementebidan didi mniSvnel
- Page 11 and 12: plastikuroba. plastikuroba ewodeba
- Page 13 and 14: maqsimaluri kuTri winaRoba xdeba Wk
- Page 15 and 16: niadagis Tburi Tvisebebi mcenaris z
- Page 17 and 18: fizikuri STanTqmis unarianoba damok
- Page 19 and 20: fulvomJaveebis kalciumisa da magniu
- Page 21 and 22: adgan peqtinovani nivTierebebi da l
- Page 23 and 24: dasavleT saqarTvelo akad. m.sabaSvi
- Page 25 and 26: neSompala-karbonatuli niadagebi Cve
- Page 27 and 28: mura niadagebis xsnaris reaqcia sus
- Page 29 and 30: samxreT saqarTvelo samxreT saqarTve
- Page 31 and 32: gaJRenTilia da yvela misi forebi wy
- Page 33 and 34: fosforis Semcveloba. mcenaris wyliT
- Page 35 and 36: gruntis wylis siaxlovem niadagis ze
- Page 37 and 38: wyavi reJimi sarwyavi wylis efeqti
- Page 39 and 40: Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi xarisxo
- Page 41 and 42: wyvis Catarebis mimdinareobis gegma
- Page 43 and 44: sm siRrmeze, xolo sxva erTwlovani k
- Page 45 and 46: Camonadeni wylis danaleqis Casaxnav
- Page 47 and 48: dawvimebiTi rwyvis msgavsad am bolo
- Page 49 and 50: dolomiti. rbili kiriani qanebidan k
- Page 51 and 52: nivTierebaa, wyalSi kargad ixsneba,
- Page 53 and 54: organul sasuqebs miekuTvneba nakeli
- Page 55 and 56: mdinareebis Slams. niadagis moSlamv
- Page 57 and 58: dasavleTi nawilebi bunebrivi pirobe
elementebiT, Seqmnas Sesabamisi haerovani da Tburi reJimebi da sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
kulturebis mosavali. niadagi rTuli bunebrivi sxeulia, igi warmoebis sxva<br />
saSualebebisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom gonivruli gamoyenebis pirobebSi xdeba misi<br />
nayofierebis gaumjobeseba. amasTan erTad unda avRniSnoT, rom niadags, rogorc<br />
bunebriv sxeuls gaaCnia Tavisi istoria, igi isaxeba da viTardeba, mas aqvs Tavisi<br />
warsuli, awymo da momavali. misi warmoqmna- rTuli gzaa da damokidebulia garemo<br />
pirobebze. amis gamo ekologiuri pirobebis Sesabamisad dedamiwaze gvaqvs niadagis<br />
mravalferovneba, romlebic gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan mTeli rigi TvisebebiT.<br />
niadagi mosavlis safuZvelia, sazogadoebis simdidris wyaroa. saWiroa<br />
TvalisCiniviT gavufrTxildeT mas, yoveli Rone vixmaroT misi nayofierebis<br />
amaRlebisaTvis.<br />
niadagis orgvar nayofierebas arCeven: 1. bunebrivs, romelic warmoiqmneba da<br />
viTardeba bunebriv faqtorTa erToblivi zemoqmedebiT adamianis monawileobis gareSe<br />
2. efeqturs, romelic iqmneba adamianis SromiT da damokidebulia, erTi mxriv, niadagze<br />
adamianis sameurneo zemoqmedebis xasiaTiT da, meore mxriv, mecnierebisa da teqnikis<br />
ganviTarebis Tanamedrove doniT. efeqturi nayofiereba ganisazRvreba mosayvani<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlis sididiT.<br />
niadagis nayofiereba aris niadagis ara myari, aramed mudmivad cvalebadi Tviseba.<br />
misi gaumjobeseba SesaZlebelia niadagis damuSavebis wesebis gaumjobesebiT, sasuqebis<br />
SetaniT, miwaTmoqmedebis progresuli sistemis danergviT da urTierTSoris<br />
dakavSirebuli sxva RonisZiebebis gatarebiT, SesaZlebeli gaxda niadagis nayofierebis<br />
mkveTri gadideba da mis safuZvelze maRali da mzardi mosavlis miReba.<br />
maRali da myari mosavlis miReba SesaZlebelia im pirobiT, Tu mcenare<br />
ganviTarebis stadiebis Sesabamisad erTdroulad da maqsimalurad uzrunvelyofili<br />
iqneba misi sococxlisaTvis saWiro yvela faqtoriT.<br />
niadagis Sedgeniloba da Tvisebebi<br />
niadagis klasifikacia meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT. niadagi samfaziani<br />
dispersiuli sxeulia., igi Sedgeba myari, Txieri da airovani fazisagan.<br />
niadagis myari (magari) faza sxvadasxva zomis nawilakebisagan anu meqanikuri<br />
elementebisagan Sedgeba, rac warmoadgens fraqciaTa erTobliobas.<br />
sxvadasxva zomis fraqciebs gansxvavebuli fizikuri da qimiuri Tviseba aqvT,<br />
romlebic did rols asruleben niadagSi mimdinare procesebsa da saboloo jamSi misi<br />
nayofierebis Seqmnis saqmeSi.<br />
meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT arCeven qvebs-xirxats da wvrilmiwa nawils.<br />
xirxats miekuTvneba nawilakebi, romelTa diametri 1 mm-ze metia, xolo wvrilmiwa<br />
8
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