soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
cercvela, Citifexa, ZiZo da sxva) sideratebi, rogorc wvane sasuqebi bunebriv, anu sameurneo sasuqTa Soris didi yuradRebis Rirsia. sideratebis gamoyenebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eZleva agroteqnikur RonisZiebaTa sistemaSi, rogorc maRalefeqturs, iafsa da advilad gasatarebel RonisZiebas. sasoflo sameurneo literaturaSi sideratebis cnebis qveS igulisxmeba iseTi agronomiuli RonisZieba- xerxi, romlis saSualebiT vaumjobesebT mcenareTa kvebis reJims niadagSi Caxvnis gziT. sideratebi- mwvane sasuqad gamoyenebis mxriv SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: sruli mwvane sasuqi, roca niadagSi Caixvneba mwvane masis miwiszeda nawili fesvTa sistemasTan erTad da meore arasruli mwvane sasuqi–rodesac mcenaris miwiszeda nawilis sxva daniSnulebisamebr gamoviyenebT (Tivad, silosad sxva adgilze gadasatanad da Casaxnavad) da marto fesvTa sistemas CavxnavT niadagSi. niadagis nayofierebis gadidebis saqmeSi es aneuli did efeqts iZleva metadre msubuqi meqanikuri Sedgenilobis niadagebze (msubuqi Tixnarebi, qviSnarebi, qviSebi) sakmaod tenian raionebis porobebSi an sarwyav miwebze. sideratebis aneulad gamoyeneba karg Sedegs iZleva agreTve ustruqturo mZime meqanikuri Sedgenilobis, niadagebzec. aneulze moTesili sideratebi xels uwyoben, agreTve sakvebis Zneladxsnadi SenaerTebis gadasvlas mcenarisaTvis ufro misawvdom formaSi, sideratebi niadagidan mineraluri sakvebis gamorecxvas amcirebs. sideratebiT moTesili aneulebi xels uwyoben mindvrebis sarevela mcenarebisgan gawmendas, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom kargad ganviTarebuli sideratebiT niadagis zedapiri mTlianad ifareba (iCrdileba) mwvane masiT da iwvevs sarevelebis CaxSobas. sideratebad iyeneben, rogorc parkosan, ise marcvlovan kulturebs da xSirad maT narevsac, magram umTavresi mniSvneloba mainc parkosan mcenareebs ekuTvnis. parkosnebs unari SeswevT koJris baqteriebis saSualebiT gamoiyenon atmosferos Tavisufali azoti da amgvarad gaamdidron niadagi am mniSvnelovani da ZiriTadi sakvebi elementiT. mravali avtoris gamokvlevaTa mixedviT parkosani kulturebi azotis 65-75% iTviseben haeridan, xolo danarCen 25-35% niadagidan. amgvarad parkosnebs mwvane sasuqad gamoyenebis saqmeSi didi upiratesoba aqvT marcvlovan mcenareebTan SedarebiT. rogorc avRniSneT, sideratebis CaxvniT, niadags vamdidrebT organuli nivTierebiT da azotiT, ris safuZvelzec umjobesdeba niadagis fizikur-qimiuri da mikrobiologiuri procesebi. sasideratod gamosayenebeli mcenareebi Rrmad inviTareben fesvTa sistemebs, afxviereben niadagis qveda fenebs, amoaqvT iqidan mcenareTaTvis aucilebeli sakvebi nivTierebani, xolo zogierTi Znelad xsnadi nivTierebani advilad SesaTvisebeli xdebian momdevno kulturebisaTvis. 74
cnobilia, rom organuli sasuqis ZiriTad warmomadgenlad nakeli iTvleba, magram arsebobs mTeli rigi literaturuli monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom mwvane sasuqi ara Tu ar CamorCeba, aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi upiratesobasac ki amJRavnebs nakelis winaSe. jer erTi, sideratad daTesili adgilzeve moyvanilia da iqve Caixvneba niadagSi da ar saWiroebs araviTar transports gadasatanad. soflis meurneobaSi sideratebis mwvane sasuqad gamoyenebas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. am drois ganmavlobaSi maTi dadebiTi moqmedeba sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlianobis zrdis TvalsazrisiT mravaljer iqna dadasturebuli. amJamad, sideratebi perspeqtiul agroteqnikur RonisZiebaTa sistemaSi Sedis da warmoebaSi farTod unda dainergos, rogorc niadagis nayofierebis gamaumjobesebeli saSualeba, romelic xels uwyobs ekologiurad sufTa maRali mosavlis miRebas. niadagis Tesviswina damuSavebis sistema. niadagis Tesviswina damuSavebaSi igulisxmeba garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT Sesrulebuli damuSavebis wesebis erToblioba niadagis dasaTesad mosamzadeblad. igi (kultivacia, dadiskoeba, farcxva) unda Catardes mxolod daTesvis dRes, rac adidebs kulturis konkurentunarianobas sarevelebTan SedarebiT. Tu erTmaneTs daSordeba Tesviswina damusaveba da Tesva, maSin sarevelebi adre aRmocendebian, vidre mosayvani kulturebi da ganviTardebian maTze ukeTesad. Tu Tesviswina kultivaciis Semdeg wvimis mosvlis an sxva mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia Tesvis Catareba, aucilebelia ganmeordes Tesviswina damuSaveba. Tesviswina damuSavebis dros ar aris rekomendebuli niadagis gadabruneba. niadagis damuSavebis konkretuli wesebi ganisazRvreba mTel rig pirobebze damokidebulebiT: mzralad xvnis CatarebiT, dasaTesi kulturiT (adre an gvian dasaTesi), organuli sasuqebis SetaniT da sxva. mxedvelobaSi miiReba agreTve meteorologiuri pirobebi da niadagis meqanikuri Sedgeniloba. Tesvis wina damuSaveba sagazafxulo kulturebisaTvis unda daiwyos adre gazafxulze farcxvis CatarebiT msubuq niadagebze da kultivacia-farcxviT mZime niadagebze. Tesvamde damuSavebebi sxvadasxvanairia mZime da msubuqi niadagebisaTvis, sxvadasxva vadaSi dasaTesi kulturebisaTvis. niadagis TesvisSemdgomi damuSavebis sistema. niadagis Tesvis Semdgomi damuSavebis amocanaa-Seqmnas mcenareTa aRmocenebisa da maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebis optimaluri pirobebi; uzrunvelyos mcenareTa saWiro sixSire; daicvas niadagis wyali aorTqlebisagan, gaaumjobesos niadagis haeracia da masTan dakavSirebuli sasargeblo mikroorganizmebis cxovelmoqmedeba; mospos sarevela mcenareebi. 75
- Page 23 and 24: dasavleT saqarTvelo akad. m.sabaSvi
- Page 25 and 26: neSompala-karbonatuli niadagebi Cve
- Page 27 and 28: mura niadagebis xsnaris reaqcia sus
- Page 29 and 30: samxreT saqarTvelo samxreT saqarTve
- Page 31 and 32: gaJRenTilia da yvela misi forebi wy
- Page 33 and 34: fosforis Semcveloba. mcenaris wyliT
- Page 35 and 36: gruntis wylis siaxlovem niadagis ze
- Page 37 and 38: wyavi reJimi sarwyavi wylis efeqti
- Page 39 and 40: Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi xarisxo
- Page 41 and 42: wyvis Catarebis mimdinareobis gegma
- Page 43 and 44: sm siRrmeze, xolo sxva erTwlovani k
- Page 45 and 46: Camonadeni wylis danaleqis Casaxnav
- Page 47 and 48: dawvimebiTi rwyvis msgavsad am bolo
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- Page 51 and 52: nivTierebaa, wyalSi kargad ixsneba,
- Page 53 and 54: organul sasuqebs miekuTvneba nakeli
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- Page 57 and 58: dasavleTi nawilebi bunebrivi pirobe
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- Page 61 and 62: sarevelebis mospobiTi RonisZiebebi
- Page 63 and 64: sistemuri moqmedebis herbicidebi mg
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- Page 69 and 70: damuSavebis sistema, 6. buCqnarebis
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- Page 73: sakulise kulturebis mosavlis aRebis
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- Page 79 and 80: sawyobebSi Teslis normalurad Senaxv
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- Page 101 and 102: gamoyenebuli literatura - a.aTanela
- Page 103 and 104: Teslis xarisxi 78 Teslbrunva misi S
cnobilia, rom organuli sasuqis ZiriTad warmomadgenlad nakeli iTvleba,<br />
magram arsebobs mTeli rigi literaturuli monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom mwvane sasuqi<br />
ara Tu ar CamorCeba, aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi upiratesobasac ki amJRavnebs nakelis<br />
winaSe. jer erTi, sideratad daTesili adgilzeve moyvanilia da iqve Caixvneba niadagSi<br />
da ar saWiroebs araviTar transports gadasatanad.<br />
<strong>soflis</strong> meurneobaSi sideratebis mwvane sasuqad gamoyenebas mravalsaukunovani<br />
istoria aqvs. am drois ganmavlobaSi maTi dadebiTi moqmedeba sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
kulturebis mosavlianobis zrdis TvalsazrisiT mravaljer iqna dadasturebuli.<br />
amJamad, sideratebi perspeqtiul agroteqnikur RonisZiebaTa sistemaSi Sedis da<br />
warmoebaSi farTod unda dainergos, rogorc niadagis nayofierebis gamaumjobesebeli<br />
saSualeba, romelic xels uwyobs ekologiurad sufTa maRali mosavlis miRebas.<br />
niadagis Tesviswina damuSavebis sistema.<br />
niadagis Tesviswina damuSavebaSi igulisxmeba garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT<br />
Sesrulebuli damuSavebis wesebis erToblioba niadagis dasaTesad mosamzadeblad. igi<br />
(kultivacia, dadiskoeba, farcxva) unda Catardes mxolod daTesvis dRes, rac adidebs<br />
kulturis konkurentunarianobas sarevelebTan SedarebiT. Tu erTmaneTs daSordeba<br />
Tesviswina damusaveba da Tesva, maSin sarevelebi adre aRmocendebian, vidre mosayvani<br />
kulturebi da ganviTardebian maTze ukeTesad. Tu Tesviswina kultivaciis Semdeg wvimis<br />
mosvlis an sxva mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia Tesvis Catareba, aucilebelia ganmeordes<br />
Tesviswina damuSaveba. Tesviswina damuSavebis dros ar aris rekomendebuli niadagis<br />
gadabruneba.<br />
niadagis damuSavebis konkretuli wesebi ganisazRvreba mTel rig pirobebze<br />
damokidebulebiT: mzralad xvnis CatarebiT, dasaTesi kulturiT (adre an gvian<br />
dasaTesi), organuli sasuqebis SetaniT da sxva. mxedvelobaSi miiReba agreTve<br />
meteorologiuri pirobebi da niadagis meqanikuri Sedgeniloba.<br />
Tesvis wina damuSaveba sagazafxulo kulturebisaTvis unda daiwyos adre<br />
gazafxulze farcxvis CatarebiT msubuq niadagebze da kultivacia-farcxviT mZime<br />
niadagebze. Tesvamde damuSavebebi sxvadasxvanairia mZime da msubuqi niadagebisaTvis,<br />
sxvadasxva vadaSi dasaTesi kulturebisaTvis.<br />
niadagis TesvisSemdgomi damuSavebis sistema.<br />
niadagis Tesvis Semdgomi damuSavebis amocanaa-Seqmnas mcenareTa aRmocenebisa da<br />
maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebis optimaluri pirobebi; uzrunvelyos mcenareTa saWiro<br />
sixSire; daicvas niadagis wyali aorTqlebisagan, gaaumjobesos niadagis haeracia da<br />
masTan dakavSirebuli sasargeblo mikroorganizmebis cxovelmoqmedeba; mospos<br />
sarevela mcenareebi.<br />
75
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