soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
Svitasa da sxvaTa gamravlebis vegetatiuri organoebis mosaspobad, Rrmad-kvlis fskerze Caxvnis gziT. am SemTxvevaSi niadags jvaredinad amuSaveben diskosebri iaraRebiT fesvebis ZiriTadi masis ganlagebis siRrmeze (10-12 sm). vegetatiuri masis daqucmacebis Sedegad swrafad iRviZeben “miZinebuli” kvirtebi. wamonazardis gakeTebisTanave unda moxdes maTi Caxvna winmxvneliani guTniT. kvlis fskerze Cayrili fesurebis nawilakebi gaRviZebuli kvirtebiT umravles SemTxvevaSi ar iZlevian aRmonacens, radgan daxarjes kvebis elementebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba, rac ufro wvrilad aris daqucmacebuli sarevelebis vegetatiuri masa da rac ufro srulad aris isini niadagSi Caxnuli miT meti sarevela daiRupeba. 1. fesurebis gaxmoba. gvalvian periodSi xvnisas fesuras aSroben mzeze, damuSavebis specialuri xerxebiT. isini amoaqvT niadagis zedapirTan axlos, sadac 15-20 dRis Semdeg fesura xmeba da ispoba. mospobiTi RonisZiebebidan mniSvnelovania niadagis damuSavebis swori sistemis ganxorcieleba. nawverlis gonivruli damuSaveba, kulturuli xvna, mzralad xvnis, Tesviswina damuSavebis droulad Sesruleba, Teslbrunvebis SemoReba da sxva. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Teslbrunvis mniSvneloba sarevelaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi, radgan kulturaTa swori morigeobis dros ispoba mravali sarevela. 2. sarevela mcenareTa winaaRmdeg brZolis qimiur meTods mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs mospobiT QRonisZiebebs Soris. sarevela mcenareTa mosaspobad gamoyenebul qimiur nivTierebebs herbicidebi ewodeba. herbicidi warmodgeba laTinuri sityvebidan. herba-balaxi, caedre-mokvla, e.i. balaxis mokvla. herbicidebi iyofa or ZiriTad jgufad: 1) mTliani moqmedebis-spoben yvela saxis mcenares da 2) SerCeviTi moqmedebis- momakvdineblad moqmedeben mcenaris erT romelime jgufze, magaliTad orleblianebze an, piriqiT erTleblianebze. herbicidebis moqmedeba damokidebulia xmarebul dozaze, romelic unda dadgindes da dazustdes yoveli calkeuli SemTxvevisaTvis. herbicidebis toqsikuri moqmedebis siZliere damokidebulia mcenareSi mis SeRwevadobaze. masze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mcenaris anatomiur-fiziologiuri Taviseburebani: foTlis sidide, xaoianoba, mdebareoba, bageebis gaadgileba da sidide, sanTlisebri fifqis arseboba, razedac damokidebulia herbicidebis xsnariT mcenaris dasveleba, fermentebis Sedgeniloba, aqtiuroba da sxva. mcenareze moqmedebis xasiaTis mixedviT SerCeviTi da mTliani moqmedebis herbicidebi iyofa or jgufad: sistemur an mcenareSi gadanacvlebad da kontaqturi herbicidebad. 62
sistemuri moqmedebis herbicidebi mgrZnobiare mcenaris foTolebze fesvebze moxvedrisas SeiWrebian qsovilis SigniT da maTi gadanacvleba mcenaris organizmSi xdeba WurWelgamtari sistemis meSveobiT. sistemuri moqmedebis herbicidebi Tavis mxriv iyofa or jgufad: niadagSi Sesatani herbicidebi, romelTa mcenareSi SeRweva xdeba fesvTa sistemis meSveobiT da miwiszeda nawilebze Sesatani herbicidebi, romlebic mcenaris organizmSi xvdeba ZiriTadad foTlebis meSveobiT. pirveli jgufis herbicidebis Setana xdeba niadagSi Tesvamde, Tesviswina damuSavebisas an Tesvis Semdeg, aRmocenebamde 2-3 dRiT adre. kontaqturi moqmedebis herbicidebiT ziandeba foTlis an Reros is nawilebi, romlebsac uSualod Seexeba herbicidis xsnari. naTesebis herbicidebiT damuSaveba SeiZleba mTliani (mTeli mindvrisaTvis), mwkrivuli (saToxni kulturebis farTomwkriviani naTesebisaTvis). lentiseburi (saToxni kulturebis mwkrivTSorisebSi). naTesebSi herbicidis Sesxureba unda moxdes Tanabrad ganmeorebiTi damuSavebis gareSe. niadagis damuSavebis sistema niadagis damuSavebis xerxebi da amocanebi niadagis damuSaveba aris adamianis kulturul meqanikuri zemoqmedeba niadagze misi nayofierebis gadidebis mizniT. niadagis damuSavebis dros sxvadasxva sasoflo- sameurneo iaraRebiT xdeba zedafenis gafxviereba. wlis ganmavlobaSi saxnav fenaSi garkveuli cvlilebebi xdeba, romelic sasicocxlo faqtorebze uaryofiTad moqmedebs. niadagis zeda Sre irRveva niadagis mravaljeradi meqanikuri damuSavebiT, naleqebisa da sxva mizezebiT, am SemTxvevaSi struqturuli agregatebi iSleba sxvadasxva nawilakebad, romlebic TandaTanobiT kargavs gafxvierebis unars. niadagis swori damuSavebisTvis (niadagis nayofierebis aRsadgenad) aucilebelia niadagis saxnavi fenis yovelwliuri amobrunebiTi damuSaveba. 150-200 wlis winaT, rig SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi teqnikis uqonlobis gamo miwa ixvneboda 10-15 sm siRrmeze. SemdegSi misi siRrme rkinis guTnis SemoRebasTan erTad TiTqmis gaormagda. imisda mixedviT damuSavebuli niadagi muSavdeba Tu daumuSavebeli, romeli iaraRiT, ra siRrmiTa da mizniT, arCeven niadagis ZiriTad (Rrma) da zerele (zedapiruli) damuSavebas. niadagis damuSavebis amocanaa: gafxvierdes niadagi, gaumjobesdes saxnavi fenis iseTi Seneba (struqtura), rom kargad mowesrigdes wylis, HHhaerisa da kvebis reJimi, moispos sarevelebi, xeli Seewyos organuli nivTierebebisa 63
- Page 11 and 12: plastikuroba. plastikuroba ewodeba
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Svitasa da sxvaTa gamravlebis vegetatiuri organoebis mosaspobad, Rrmad-kvlis<br />
fskerze Caxvnis gziT. am SemTxvevaSi niadags jvaredinad amuSaveben diskosebri<br />
iaraRebiT fesvebis ZiriTadi masis ganlagebis siRrmeze (10-12 sm).<br />
vegetatiuri masis daqucmacebis Sedegad swrafad iRviZeben “miZinebuli” kvirtebi.<br />
wamonazardis gakeTebisTanave unda moxdes maTi Caxvna winmxvneliani guTniT. kvlis<br />
fskerze Cayrili fesurebis nawilakebi gaRviZebuli kvirtebiT umravles SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
iZlevian aRmonacens, radgan daxarjes kvebis elementebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba, rac<br />
ufro wvrilad aris daqucmacebuli sarevelebis vegetatiuri masa da rac ufro<br />
srulad aris isini niadagSi Caxnuli miT meti sarevela daiRupeba.<br />
1. fesurebis gaxmoba. gvalvian periodSi xvnisas fesuras aSroben mzeze,<br />
damuSavebis specialuri xerxebiT. isini amoaqvT niadagis zedapirTan axlos, sadac 15-20<br />
dRis Semdeg fesura xmeba da ispoba. mospobiTi RonisZiebebidan mniSvnelovania niadagis<br />
damuSavebis swori sistemis ganxorcieleba. nawverlis gonivruli damuSaveba,<br />
kulturuli xvna, mzralad xvnis, Tesviswina damuSavebis droulad Sesruleba,<br />
Teslbrunvebis SemoReba da sxva.<br />
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Teslbrunvis mniSvneloba sarevelaTa winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis saqmeSi, radgan kulturaTa swori morigeobis dros ispoba mravali sarevela.<br />
2. sarevela mcenareTa winaaRmdeg brZolis qimiur meTods mniSvnelovani adgili<br />
uWiravs mospobiT QRonisZiebebs Soris. sarevela mcenareTa mosaspobad gamoyenebul<br />
qimiur nivTierebebs herbicidebi ewodeba.<br />
herbicidi warmodgeba laTinuri sityvebidan. herba-balaxi, caedre-mokvla, e.i.<br />
balaxis mokvla.<br />
herbicidebi iyofa or ZiriTad jgufad: 1) mTliani moqmedebis-spoben yvela saxis<br />
mcenares da 2) SerCeviTi moqmedebis- momakvdineblad moqmedeben mcenaris erT romelime<br />
jgufze, magaliTad orleblianebze an, piriqiT erTleblianebze. herbicidebis moqmedeba<br />
damokidebulia xmarebul dozaze, romelic unda dadgindes da dazustdes yoveli<br />
calkeuli SemTxvevisaTvis.<br />
herbicidebis toqsikuri moqmedebis siZliere damokidebulia mcenareSi mis<br />
SeRwevadobaze. masze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mcenaris anatomiur-fiziologiuri<br />
Taviseburebani: foTlis sidide, xaoianoba, mdebareoba, bageebis gaadgileba da sidide,<br />
sanTlisebri fifqis arseboba, razedac damokidebulia herbicidebis xsnariT mcenaris<br />
dasveleba, fermentebis Sedgeniloba, aqtiuroba da sxva.<br />
mcenareze moqmedebis xasiaTis mixedviT SerCeviTi da mTliani moqmedebis<br />
herbicidebi iyofa or jgufad: sistemur an mcenareSi gadanacvlebad da kontaqturi<br />
herbicidebad.<br />
62
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