soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili

arapirdapirmoqmedia yvela is sasuqi, romelic SeaqvT niadagSi am ukanasknelis
fizikur-qimiuri da biologiuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. aseTia: kiri,
TabaSiri, gogirdi da baqteriuli sasuqebi.
sakvebi nivTierebis Semcvelobis mixedviT sasuqebi iyofa agreTve or jgufad:
1) calmxrivi anu martivi da 2) mravalmxrivi anu rTuli.
calmxrivi sasuqebi Seicaven mcenarisaTvis saWiro mxolod erT elements, aseTia:
natriumis gvarjila, azotmJavaamoniumi, qloramoniumi, superfosfati da sxva.
mravalmxriv moqmedi sasuqi ki Seicavs ramdenime sakveb elements, aseTia: amofosi,
nitrofoska,, kaliumis gvarjila da sxva.
mineraluri sasuqebi
mineralur sasuqebs miekuTvneba azotiani, fosforiani, kaliumiani, mikro da
kompleqsuri sasuqebi.
azotiani sasuqebi. arCeven azotiani sasuqebis oTx formas; nitratuls, amoniakurs,
nitratul- amoniakurs da amidurs.
amoniakuri sasuqebi. maT miekuTvneba amoniumis sulfati, amoniumis qloridi, Txevadi
amoniaki, amoniakis wyali da amikati.
amoniumis sulfati (NH4)2SO4. Seicavs 21% azots da 24% gogirds. wyalSi kargad
xsnadi TeTri an monacrisfro wvrilkristaluri fxvnilia. amoniumis sulfati kargi
fizikuri Tvisebebis mqonea. axasiaTebs susti Hhigroskopiuloba, igi fiziologiurad
mJave sasuqia. erTi da imave nakveTze misi Setana zedized ar SeiZleba radgan gamJavebas
iwvevs. amoniumis sulfati pirvel rigSi rekomendebulia rogorc ZiriTadi
ganoyierebis sasuqi.
amiakuri wyali Seicavs 20,5% azots. misi transportireba da Senaxva SeiZleba 1-2
atmosferuli wnevis gamZle cisternebiT. amoniakis wyals mcire dozebiT iyeneben
mecxoveleobaSi sakvebis azotiT gasamdidreblad
amiakati warmoadgens amoniumis gvarjilis wyalxsnars, romelic gajerebulia
amoniakiT. Seicavs 30-45% azots. sawyobidan mindorSi amikati gadaaqvT specialuri
avtocisternebiT.
nitratuli sasuqebi. natriumis gvarjila (NaNO3) Seicavs 15,5% azots. TeTri
kristaluri marilia. wyalSi kargad ixsneba. sustad higroskopiulia da
fiziologiurad tute azotiani sasuqia. misi sistematiuri gamoyeneba erTi da igive
nakveTze ar SeiZleba radgan iwvevs misi fizikuri Tvisebebis gauaresebas. natriumis
gvarjila nadagis mSTanTqav kompleqsSi ar Seikaveba da advilad irecxeba qveda
fenebSi. amitom umjobesia gamoviyenoT gamokvebis saxiT.
amiduri formis azotiani sasuqebi. Sardovana CO(NH2)2 Seicavs 46% azots da
kalciumis cianamidi CaCN2 azoti 19-20 %. TeTri feris kristaluri, an granulirebuli
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