soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili
sarwyav normas ufro metad adgenen specialuri institutebi da sacdeli sadgurebi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisaTvis sarwyavi reJimis Seswavlis dros. sarwyavi wyali avsebs wylis im danakliss, romelic saWiroa kulturuli mcenaris normaluri zrda- ganviTarebisaTvis, amitom Tu gvecodineba wyalxarjvis normaluri sidide da mcenaris bunebrivi wyalmomarageba, SeiZleba gamoviangariSoT sarwyavi norma Semdegi formuliT: M 0 = E –O-(B –b) –Gg sadac : M 0 aris sarwyavi wylis normaa m 3 /ha; E –Sejamebuli wyalxarjva m 3 /ha vegetaciis periodSi; O –sasargeblo naleqebis jami m 3 B- niadagis tenis maragi m 3 / fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi Tesvis dros. b- imave mosavlis aRebis dros wylis naSTi niadagSi; g –wylis raodenoba, romelic mcenarem gamoiyena gruntis wylidan. mcenaris mier gruntis wylis SeTviseba-gamoyeneba damokidebulia siRrmeze, gruntis meqanikur Sedgenilobaze, wylis mineralur Semcvelobaze, kulturaze da sxva rwyvis specializacia sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyvis wesebi, maTi agroteqnikuri Sefaseba. sarwyavi sistema, anu rwyvis reJimi, calkeuli kulturis Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sameurneo daniSnulebis, anu sxvadasxva specializaciis, rwyvas. sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyva SeiZleba iyos: 1. samarago, 2. xvniswina. 3. gamorecxviTi anu niadag gamwmendi, 4. Tesviswina an dargviswina, 5. damatebiTi Tesvis an dargvis Semdeg damatebiT, 6. savegetacio d sxva. 1. samarago, anu niadagis tenmomaragebis. rwyva warmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis Tesvamde an mravalwlovani kulturis aqtiuri vegetaciis Sewyvetis Semdeg, samarago rwyvis daniSnulebaa gaadidos tenis maragi niadagis fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi mcenareTa savegetacio periodisaTvis. samarago rwyva mizanSewonilia Catardes iq, sadac Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi arasakmao naleqia, rom am SemTxvevaSi fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fena dateniandes zRvrul mindvrul tenianobamde (zmt). samarago rwyva Zalian mniSvnelovania sagazafxulo adreul da im kulturebisaTvis, romelTa fesvTa sistema Rrmad viTardeba niadagSi: simindi, pomidori, (TesviT), Warxali, ionja, xexili da sxva. 2. xvniswina rwyvas zogjer mimarTaven maSin, rodesac xvnamde gamomSralia niadagis saxnavi fena (ar aris simwifis mdgomareobaSi). misi mizania daatenianos niadagi da 38
Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi xarisxovani xvnisaTvis, xvniswina rwyvis norma SeiZleba gadiddes, raTa Seasrulos samarago rwyvis funqciebic. 3. Tesviswina an dargviswina rwyvis amocanaa, daatenianos niadagis saxnavi da qvesaxnavi fena da miRebul iqnes Tanabari aRmonaceni, xeli Seuwyos dargul CiTils wyliT sargeblobisaTvis. 4. damatebiTi rwyva tardeba Tesvis an dargvis Semdeg 20-30 sm siRrmeze drouli da Tanabari aRmonacenis misaRebad an bostneuli kulturebis darguli CiTilebis meti raodenobiT gasaxareblad. 5. gamorecxvis an niadagTgasufTavebis rwyvas iyeneben niadagSi xsnadi mavne marilebis (NaCl. NaCO3, Na2SO4,) gamosarecxad. amas sxvanairad sadrenaJo rwyvasac uwodeben. 6. savegetacio rwyvas atareben mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebis (vegetaciis) periodSi, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes mcenare saWiro wylis moTxovnilebiT aRmocenebidan nayofis mocemamde. 7. damatebiTi gamokvebis rwyvas iyeneben naTes-nargavebis vegetaciis periodSi. damatebiTi gamokvebis dros Sesatanad gankuTvnili sasuqebi, umetesad mineraluri, jer moibneva naTesSi niadagis zedapirze mwkrivTSorisebis kultivaciis win da Semdeg mohyveba rwyva. an sasuqebis Sesatani norma SeiZleba gaixsnas wyalSi saTanado koncentraciiT (0,2-0,3) da Semdeg specialuri gamomkvebi manqaniT rwyvis saxiT Setanil iqnes niadagSi (es xdeba ufro metad urwyav nakveTebze). 8. gamagrilebeli rwyva tardeba dawvimebiT, romlis mTavari amocanaa masSi gafantuli wylis Sxefebis saSualebiT win aRudges haeris gavlenas. es rwyva adidebs haeris absoluturi tenianobas da amcirebs haeris tenianobas. garda amisa dawvimebiTi morwyvis dros wvimis wyliT irecxeba foTlebi mtvrisagan. 9. saprovokacio rwyva tardeba xvnis win. morwyvis Sedegad teniandeba niadagis is fena sadac sarevelebis Teslebia. niadagis datenianebis Sedegad xdeba maTi aRmoceneba, romlebsac Semdeg spoben niadagSi CaxvniT. morigi savegrtacio rwyvis vadebis gansazRvris meTodebi. rwyvis vadis dadgenis standarts niadagis tenianobis gansazRvra warmoadgens. es meTodi rom gamoviyenoT, saWiroa cdebis saSualebiT winaswar ganvsazRvroT tenianobis Semcirebis zRvari, romelic mosavlis mniSvnelovan zarals ar iwevevs. optimaluri tenianobis es qvemo zRvari saWiroa morigi rwyvis dawyebisaTvis. rwyviswina tenianobas adgenen aqtiuri fenisaTvis da radgan misi siRrme icvleba mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebis fazebis mixedviT, misi tenianoba vegetaciis periodSi moiTxovs rwyvis sxvadasxva normas. am meTodiT sakmaod srulyofilad xdeba mcenaris wyalmomaragebis gansazRvra, magram misi gamoyeneba moiTxovs sistematiur Tvalyurs 39
- Page 1 and 2: saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecniereb
- Page 3 and 4: Sesavali soflis meurneobis safuZvle
- Page 5 and 6: Sedgenilobaze, misi gamofitvis xasi
- Page 7 and 8: eliefis elementebidan didi mniSvnel
- Page 9 and 10: agregatebs iseTi, romelTa diametri
- Page 11 and 12: plastikuroba. plastikuroba ewodeba
- Page 13 and 14: maqsimaluri kuTri winaRoba xdeba Wk
- Page 15 and 16: niadagis Tburi Tvisebebi mcenaris z
- Page 17 and 18: fizikuri STanTqmis unarianoba damok
- Page 19 and 20: fulvomJaveebis kalciumisa da magniu
- Page 21 and 22: adgan peqtinovani nivTierebebi da l
- Page 23 and 24: dasavleT saqarTvelo akad. m.sabaSvi
- Page 25 and 26: neSompala-karbonatuli niadagebi Cve
- Page 27 and 28: mura niadagebis xsnaris reaqcia sus
- Page 29 and 30: samxreT saqarTvelo samxreT saqarTve
- Page 31 and 32: gaJRenTilia da yvela misi forebi wy
- Page 33 and 34: fosforis Semcveloba. mcenaris wyliT
- Page 35 and 36: gruntis wylis siaxlovem niadagis ze
- Page 37: wyavi reJimi sarwyavi wylis efeqti
- Page 41 and 42: wyvis Catarebis mimdinareobis gegma
- Page 43 and 44: sm siRrmeze, xolo sxva erTwlovani k
- Page 45 and 46: Camonadeni wylis danaleqis Casaxnav
- Page 47 and 48: dawvimebiTi rwyvis msgavsad am bolo
- Page 49 and 50: dolomiti. rbili kiriani qanebidan k
- Page 51 and 52: nivTierebaa, wyalSi kargad ixsneba,
- Page 53 and 54: organul sasuqebs miekuTvneba nakeli
- Page 55 and 56: mdinareebis Slams. niadagis moSlamv
- Page 57 and 58: dasavleTi nawilebi bunebrivi pirobe
- Page 59 and 60: asevea sagazafxulo saZovrebzec. sad
- Page 61 and 62: sarevelebis mospobiTi RonisZiebebi
- Page 63 and 64: sistemuri moqmedebis herbicidebi mg
- Page 65 and 66: niadagis normalur moxvnis siRrmed i
- Page 67 and 68: Seuwyos mravalwlian kulturebis fesv
- Page 69 and 70: damuSavebis sistema, 6. buCqnarebis
- Page 71 and 72: saToxni kulturebis Semdeg da nawver
- Page 73 and 74: sakulise kulturebis mosavlis aRebis
- Page 75 and 76: cnobilia, rom organuli sasuqis Ziri
- Page 77 and 78: saSemodgomo kulturebis gadazamTreba
- Page 79 and 80: sawyobebSi Teslis normalurad Senaxv
- Page 81 and 82: saukeTeso pirobebi iqmneba Seqmnili
- Page 83 and 84: ganlagebulia punqtirulad 23-27 sm d
- Page 85 and 86: iZleva mravalwliani parkosani da ma
- Page 87 and 88: Sualeduri naTesebi miwaTmoqmedebis
sarwyav normas ufro metad adgenen specialuri institutebi da sacdeli<br />
sadgurebi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisaTvis sarwyavi reJimis Seswavlis dros.<br />
sarwyavi wyali avsebs wylis im danakliss, romelic saWiroa kulturuli mcenaris<br />
normaluri zrda- ganviTarebisaTvis, amitom Tu gvecodineba wyalxarjvis normaluri<br />
sidide da mcenaris bunebrivi wyalmomarageba, SeiZleba gamoviangariSoT sarwyavi norma<br />
Semdegi formuliT:<br />
M 0 = E –O-(B –b) –Gg<br />
sadac : M 0 aris sarwyavi wylis normaa m 3 /ha;<br />
E –Sejamebuli wyalxarjva m 3 /ha vegetaciis periodSi;<br />
O –sasargeblo naleqebis jami m 3<br />
B- niadagis tenis maragi m 3 / fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi Tesvis dros.<br />
b- imave mosavlis aRebis dros wylis naSTi niadagSi;<br />
g –wylis raodenoba, romelic mcenarem gamoiyena gruntis wylidan.<br />
mcenaris mier gruntis wylis SeTviseba-gamoyeneba damokidebulia siRrmeze, gruntis<br />
meqanikur Sedgenilobaze, wylis mineralur Semcvelobaze, kulturaze da sxva<br />
rwyvis specializacia sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyvis wesebi, maTi<br />
agroteqnikuri Sefaseba.<br />
sarwyavi sistema, anu rwyvis reJimi, calkeuli kulturis Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs<br />
sxvadasxva sameurneo daniSnulebis, anu sxvadasxva specializaciis, rwyvas. sameurneo<br />
daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyva SeiZleba iyos: 1. samarago, 2. xvniswina. 3. gamorecxviTi<br />
anu niadag gamwmendi, 4. Tesviswina an dargviswina, 5. damatebiTi Tesvis an dargvis<br />
Semdeg damatebiT, 6. savegetacio d sxva.<br />
1. samarago, anu niadagis tenmomaragebis. rwyva warmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
kulturebis Tesvamde an mravalwlovani kulturis aqtiuri vegetaciis Sewyvetis<br />
Semdeg, samarago rwyvis daniSnulebaa gaadidos tenis maragi niadagis fesvTa sistemis<br />
gavrcelebis fenaSi mcenareTa savegetacio periodisaTvis.<br />
samarago rwyva mizanSewonilia Catardes iq, sadac Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi<br />
arasakmao naleqia, rom am SemTxvevaSi fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fena dateniandes<br />
zRvrul mindvrul tenianobamde (zmt).<br />
samarago rwyva Zalian mniSvnelovania sagazafxulo adreul da im kulturebisaTvis,<br />
romelTa fesvTa sistema Rrmad viTardeba niadagSi: simindi, pomidori, (TesviT),<br />
Warxali, ionja, xexili da sxva.<br />
2. xvniswina rwyvas zogjer mimarTaven maSin, rodesac xvnamde gamomSralia niadagis<br />
saxnavi fena (ar aris simwifis mdgomareobaSi). misi mizania daatenianos niadagi da<br />
38