soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili

soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi I nawili

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sarwyav normas ufro metad adgenen specialuri institutebi da sacdeli sadgurebi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisaTvis sarwyavi reJimis Seswavlis dros. sarwyavi wyali avsebs wylis im danakliss, romelic saWiroa kulturuli mcenaris normaluri zrda- ganviTarebisaTvis, amitom Tu gvecodineba wyalxarjvis normaluri sidide da mcenaris bunebrivi wyalmomarageba, SeiZleba gamoviangariSoT sarwyavi norma Semdegi formuliT: M 0 = E –O-(B –b) –Gg sadac : M 0 aris sarwyavi wylis normaa m 3 /ha; E –Sejamebuli wyalxarjva m 3 /ha vegetaciis periodSi; O –sasargeblo naleqebis jami m 3 B- niadagis tenis maragi m 3 / fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi Tesvis dros. b- imave mosavlis aRebis dros wylis naSTi niadagSi; g –wylis raodenoba, romelic mcenarem gamoiyena gruntis wylidan. mcenaris mier gruntis wylis SeTviseba-gamoyeneba damokidebulia siRrmeze, gruntis meqanikur Sedgenilobaze, wylis mineralur Semcvelobaze, kulturaze da sxva rwyvis specializacia sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyvis wesebi, maTi agroteqnikuri Sefaseba. sarwyavi sistema, anu rwyvis reJimi, calkeuli kulturis Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sameurneo daniSnulebis, anu sxvadasxva specializaciis, rwyvas. sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyva SeiZleba iyos: 1. samarago, 2. xvniswina. 3. gamorecxviTi anu niadag gamwmendi, 4. Tesviswina an dargviswina, 5. damatebiTi Tesvis an dargvis Semdeg damatebiT, 6. savegetacio d sxva. 1. samarago, anu niadagis tenmomaragebis. rwyva warmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis Tesvamde an mravalwlovani kulturis aqtiuri vegetaciis Sewyvetis Semdeg, samarago rwyvis daniSnulebaa gaadidos tenis maragi niadagis fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi mcenareTa savegetacio periodisaTvis. samarago rwyva mizanSewonilia Catardes iq, sadac Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi arasakmao naleqia, rom am SemTxvevaSi fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fena dateniandes zRvrul mindvrul tenianobamde (zmt). samarago rwyva Zalian mniSvnelovania sagazafxulo adreul da im kulturebisaTvis, romelTa fesvTa sistema Rrmad viTardeba niadagSi: simindi, pomidori, (TesviT), Warxali, ionja, xexili da sxva. 2. xvniswina rwyvas zogjer mimarTaven maSin, rodesac xvnamde gamomSralia niadagis saxnavi fena (ar aris simwifis mdgomareobaSi). misi mizania daatenianos niadagi da 38

Seqmnas xelsayreli pirobebi xarisxovani xvnisaTvis, xvniswina rwyvis norma SeiZleba gadiddes, raTa Seasrulos samarago rwyvis funqciebic. 3. Tesviswina an dargviswina rwyvis amocanaa, daatenianos niadagis saxnavi da qvesaxnavi fena da miRebul iqnes Tanabari aRmonaceni, xeli Seuwyos dargul CiTils wyliT sargeblobisaTvis. 4. damatebiTi rwyva tardeba Tesvis an dargvis Semdeg 20-30 sm siRrmeze drouli da Tanabari aRmonacenis misaRebad an bostneuli kulturebis darguli CiTilebis meti raodenobiT gasaxareblad. 5. gamorecxvis an niadagTgasufTavebis rwyvas iyeneben niadagSi xsnadi mavne marilebis (NaCl. NaCO3, Na2SO4,) gamosarecxad. amas sxvanairad sadrenaJo rwyvasac uwodeben. 6. savegetacio rwyvas atareben mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebis (vegetaciis) periodSi, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes mcenare saWiro wylis moTxovnilebiT aRmocenebidan nayofis mocemamde. 7. damatebiTi gamokvebis rwyvas iyeneben naTes-nargavebis vegetaciis periodSi. damatebiTi gamokvebis dros Sesatanad gankuTvnili sasuqebi, umetesad mineraluri, jer moibneva naTesSi niadagis zedapirze mwkrivTSorisebis kultivaciis win da Semdeg mohyveba rwyva. an sasuqebis Sesatani norma SeiZleba gaixsnas wyalSi saTanado koncentraciiT (0,2-0,3) da Semdeg specialuri gamomkvebi manqaniT rwyvis saxiT Setanil iqnes niadagSi (es xdeba ufro metad urwyav nakveTebze). 8. gamagrilebeli rwyva tardeba dawvimebiT, romlis mTavari amocanaa masSi gafantuli wylis Sxefebis saSualebiT win aRudges haeris gavlenas. es rwyva adidebs haeris absoluturi tenianobas da amcirebs haeris tenianobas. garda amisa dawvimebiTi morwyvis dros wvimis wyliT irecxeba foTlebi mtvrisagan. 9. saprovokacio rwyva tardeba xvnis win. morwyvis Sedegad teniandeba niadagis is fena sadac sarevelebis Teslebia. niadagis datenianebis Sedegad xdeba maTi aRmoceneba, romlebsac Semdeg spoben niadagSi CaxvniT. morigi savegrtacio rwyvis vadebis gansazRvris meTodebi. rwyvis vadis dadgenis standarts niadagis tenianobis gansazRvra warmoadgens. es meTodi rom gamoviyenoT, saWiroa cdebis saSualebiT winaswar ganvsazRvroT tenianobis Semcirebis zRvari, romelic mosavlis mniSvnelovan zarals ar iwevevs. optimaluri tenianobis es qvemo zRvari saWiroa morigi rwyvis dawyebisaTvis. rwyviswina tenianobas adgenen aqtiuri fenisaTvis da radgan misi siRrme icvleba mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebis fazebis mixedviT, misi tenianoba vegetaciis periodSi moiTxovs rwyvis sxvadasxva normas. am meTodiT sakmaod srulyofilad xdeba mcenaris wyalmomaragebis gansazRvra, magram misi gamoyeneba moiTxovs sistematiur Tvalyurs 39

sarwyav normas ufro metad adgenen specialuri institutebi da sacdeli<br />

sadgurebi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisaTvis sarwyavi reJimis Seswavlis dros.<br />

sarwyavi wyali avsebs wylis im danakliss, romelic saWiroa kulturuli mcenaris<br />

normaluri zrda- ganviTarebisaTvis, amitom Tu gvecodineba wyalxarjvis normaluri<br />

sidide da mcenaris bunebrivi wyalmomarageba, SeiZleba gamoviangariSoT sarwyavi norma<br />

Semdegi formuliT:<br />

M 0 = E –O-(B –b) –Gg<br />

sadac : M 0 aris sarwyavi wylis normaa m 3 /ha;<br />

E –Sejamebuli wyalxarjva m 3 /ha vegetaciis periodSi;<br />

O –sasargeblo naleqebis jami m 3<br />

B- niadagis tenis maragi m 3 / fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fenaSi Tesvis dros.<br />

b- imave mosavlis aRebis dros wylis naSTi niadagSi;<br />

g –wylis raodenoba, romelic mcenarem gamoiyena gruntis wylidan.<br />

mcenaris mier gruntis wylis SeTviseba-gamoyeneba damokidebulia siRrmeze, gruntis<br />

meqanikur Sedgenilobaze, wylis mineralur Semcvelobaze, kulturaze da sxva<br />

rwyvis specializacia sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyvis wesebi, maTi<br />

agroteqnikuri Sefaseba.<br />

sarwyavi sistema, anu rwyvis reJimi, calkeuli kulturis Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs<br />

sxvadasxva sameurneo daniSnulebis, anu sxvadasxva specializaciis, rwyvas. sameurneo<br />

daniSnulebis mixedviT rwyva SeiZleba iyos: 1. samarago, 2. xvniswina. 3. gamorecxviTi<br />

anu niadag gamwmendi, 4. Tesviswina an dargviswina, 5. damatebiTi Tesvis an dargvis<br />

Semdeg damatebiT, 6. savegetacio d sxva.<br />

1. samarago, anu niadagis tenmomaragebis. rwyva warmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo<br />

kulturebis Tesvamde an mravalwlovani kulturis aqtiuri vegetaciis Sewyvetis<br />

Semdeg, samarago rwyvis daniSnulebaa gaadidos tenis maragi niadagis fesvTa sistemis<br />

gavrcelebis fenaSi mcenareTa savegetacio periodisaTvis.<br />

samarago rwyva mizanSewonilia Catardes iq, sadac Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi<br />

arasakmao naleqia, rom am SemTxvevaSi fesvTa sistemis gavrcelebis fena dateniandes<br />

zRvrul mindvrul tenianobamde (zmt).<br />

samarago rwyva Zalian mniSvnelovania sagazafxulo adreul da im kulturebisaTvis,<br />

romelTa fesvTa sistema Rrmad viTardeba niadagSi: simindi, pomidori, (TesviT),<br />

Warxali, ionja, xexili da sxva.<br />

2. xvniswina rwyvas zogjer mimarTaven maSin, rodesac xvnamde gamomSralia niadagis<br />

saxnavi fena (ar aris simwifis mdgomareobaSi). misi mizania daatenianos niadagi da<br />

38

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