1. srulwlovaneba – axali SesaZleblobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi
1. srulwlovaneba – axali SesaZleblobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi
1. srulwlovaneba – axali SesaZleblobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi
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10<br />
Tamar bregvaZe, ivane petriaSvili,<br />
nino talaxaZe, Tamar qal<strong>da</strong>ni<br />
samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba<br />
moswavlis wigni
sarCevi<br />
Tavi 1: pirovnuli ganviTareba 7<br />
<strong>1.</strong> <strong>srulwlovaneba</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>pasuxismgeblobebi</strong> 8<br />
2. drois xazi 10<br />
3. momavlis <strong>da</strong>gegmva 12<br />
4. strategiuli miznebi 14<br />
5. rogor SevafasoT Cveni warmateba 15<br />
6. praqtikumi: skolis strategiuli gegmis ganxilva 16<br />
7. TviTSefaseba, gare Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> TviTganviTareba 18<br />
8. ganaTlebis miRebis <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> 20<br />
9-10. specializacia <strong>da</strong> profesionalizmi 24<br />
11-12. debatebi: a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad qmnis sakuTar momavals! 28<br />
13. Sromis bazari 29<br />
14. praqtikumi: viTamaSoT arCevnebi 33<br />
15. ekonomikuri saqmianobis ZiriTadi sferoebi 34<br />
16. SromiTi urTierTobebi 36<br />
17. praqtikumi: SromiTi xelSekruleba 37<br />
18. axalgazrdoba <strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) riskis jgufi 38<br />
19. axalgazrdebis trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis riskfaqtorebi 41<br />
20. vin <strong>da</strong> rogor xdeba trefikingis msxverpli 44<br />
21-22. kvleva: profesiis <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi mxareebi 48<br />
Tavi 2: mdgradi ganviTareba 49<br />
23. ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis 50<br />
24. samoqalaqo monawileoba 52<br />
25. <strong>da</strong>interesebuli mxareebis analizi 54<br />
26. ra faqtorebi moqmedebs monawileobis xarisxze? 55<br />
27. monawileoba <strong>da</strong> motivacia 56<br />
28-29. debatebi: ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebuli mxareebi un<strong>da</strong> CaerTon! 59<br />
30. sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi 60<br />
3<strong>1.</strong> Tanasworoba <strong>da</strong> samarTlianoba 62<br />
32. socialuri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> misi garantiebi 64<br />
33-34. debatebi: moqalaqeTa socialuri <strong>da</strong>cva<br />
saxelmwifos valdebulebaa! 65<br />
35. efeqturi komunikacia 66<br />
36. praqtikumi: aqtiuri mosmenis teqnika 70<br />
37-38. debatebi: maRal klasebSi mSobelTa<br />
krebebis mowyoba saWiro ar aris! 71<br />
39. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi 72<br />
40-42. proeqti: jansaRi cxovrebis wesis<br />
popularizacia skolaSi 74<br />
43. faqti <strong>da</strong> mosazreba 75<br />
44-45. debatebi: socialuri qselebi xels uSlis<br />
moswavleebs swavlaSi! 79<br />
46. konfliqtis Teoriuli safuZvlebi 80<br />
47. praqtikumi: valdebulebebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>pasuxismgeblobebi</strong> ojaxSi 82<br />
5
6<br />
48-49. debatebi: axalgazr<strong>da</strong> ojaxi calke un<strong>da</strong> cxovrobdes! 83<br />
50. konkurencia Tu TanamSromloba 84<br />
5<strong>1.</strong> konfliqtis tipebi 86<br />
52-53. problema <strong>da</strong> misi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis gzebi 88<br />
54. praqtikumi: sazogadoebrivi problemebi mediaSi 92<br />
55-56. kvleva: sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva skolaSi 93<br />
57-59. proeqti: sazogadoebrivi problemis mogvareba 94<br />
Tavi 3: TviTmmarTveloba <strong>da</strong> mmarTveloba 95<br />
60. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis ganviTareba 96<br />
6<strong>1.</strong> saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSnebi 98<br />
62. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Stoebi 100<br />
63. saqarTvelos konstitucia 102<br />
64. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba 104<br />
65. ra aris kanoni <strong>da</strong> risTvis arsebobs igi 105<br />
66. moqalaqe <strong>da</strong> kanoni 108<br />
67. arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>naSauli 111<br />
68. praqtikumi: Cven viRebT kanons 113<br />
69-70. debatebi: Tu kanoni usamarTloa, mainc kanonis<br />
mixedviT un<strong>da</strong> moviqceT! 114<br />
7<strong>1.</strong> risTvis arseboben samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi organoebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor muSaoben isini 115<br />
72-73 debatebi: kanonis <strong>da</strong>cvis saukeTso gza sasjelis simkacrea! 118<br />
74. ra aris politika 119<br />
75-76. saxelmwifo moxele <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi kontroli 122<br />
77. saxelmwifoTa tipebi 126<br />
78. urTierToba sxva saxelmwifoebTan 127<br />
79. demokratia 128<br />
80. arCeviTi demokratia 130<br />
8<strong>1.</strong> xelisufleba <strong>da</strong> demokratia 132<br />
82-83. kvleva: arCevanis kriteriumebi 134<br />
84. monawileoba 135<br />
85. informaciis Tavisufleba 136<br />
86. gamWvirvaloba <strong>da</strong> sajarooba 138<br />
87. demokratiuli skolis modeli <strong>da</strong> moswavlis uflebebi 141<br />
88. a<strong>da</strong>mianis Rirseba 143<br />
89-90. praqtikumi: sasamarTlo procesis imitacia 144<br />
91-93. proeqti: samoqalaqo ganaTleba <strong>–</strong> swavla swavlebisTvis 147<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 1: debatebis warmarTvis instruqcia 149<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 2: kvlevis Catarebis instruqcia 157<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 3: proeqtis momzadebis instruqcia 161<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 4: moswavlis, mSoblisa <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis<br />
ZiriTadi uflebebi <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebebi skolaSi 165<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 5: amonaridebi Jenevis konvencii<strong>da</strong>n 167
1<br />
pirovnuli<br />
ganviTareba
8<br />
<strong>1.</strong> <strong>srulwlovaneba</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>axali</strong><br />
<strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>pasuxismgeblobebi</strong><br />
imsjeleT!<br />
Tqveni azriT, ra<br />
garemoebebi SeiZleba<br />
edos safuZvlad a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
srulwlovnad miCnevas<br />
18 wlis asaki<strong>da</strong>n? ratom<br />
mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc es asaki?<br />
SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad moiZieT<br />
informacia am sakiTxze.<br />
p ipr ior vo nvu nlu i l i g agn avn ivT iaT ra er bea b a<br />
albaT yvela Cvenganma icis, rom garkveuli asakis<br />
miRwevis Semdeg a<strong>da</strong>miani srulwlovani xdeba.<br />
ras niSnavs es termini? <strong>srulwlovaneba</strong> niSnavs<br />
imas, rom am asakis a<strong>da</strong>miani ukve srulad sargeblobs<br />
yvela samoqalaqo uflebiT <strong>da</strong> yvela samoqalaqo<br />
valdebulebac ekisreba. saqarTveloSi<br />
aseT asakad 18 weli iTvleba. Tumca, realurad,<br />
<strong>srulwlovaneba</strong>s ZiriTadi moqalaqeobrivi<br />
ufleba-movaleobani ukavSirdeba, Torem araer-<br />
Ti ufleba Tu movaleobaa iseTi, romelic saqarTveloSi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians gaaCnia <strong>srulwlovaneba</strong>mde <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> iseTic, romelic 18 wlis asakis miRwevisas ar<br />
warmoiSoba <strong>da</strong> amisTvis ufro meti asakia saWiro.<br />
am Temaze <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT informacia mocemulia<br />
drois svetSi.<br />
msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia<br />
srulwlovanebis asaki, Tumca umetesad 18 wlis<br />
Sesrulebaa aseTad miCneuli. arsebobs saerTaSoriso<br />
konvencia bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlis<br />
mixedviTac, yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani 18 wlis asakamde<br />
iTvleba bavSvad. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, swored aqe<strong>da</strong>n momdinareobs<br />
msoflioSi gavrcelebuli praqtika<br />
srulwlovanebis asakad 18 wlis miCnevis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos moqalaqis uflebebi <strong>–</strong> drois sveti<br />
7-18 weli <strong>–</strong> SegiZliaT<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
gankargoT is saxsrebi<br />
(magaliTad, fuli),<br />
romelic mSoblebma an<br />
maTi TanxmobiT<br />
sxvebma mogces<br />
`saxarjod~.<br />
14-18 weli, saWiroa Tqveni<br />
Tanxmoba moqalaqeobis Secvlisas.<br />
imsjeleT!<br />
sworad migaCniaT Tu<br />
ara ama Tu im uflebamovaleobis<br />
warmoSoba im<br />
asakSi, rac miTiTebulia<br />
drois svetSi? pasuxi<br />
<strong>da</strong>asabuTeT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
internetis an sxva<br />
wyaroebis meSveobiT<br />
moiZieT informacia<br />
sxva qveynebis Sesaxeb:<br />
ra asaki iTvleba iq<br />
<strong>srulwlovaneba</strong>d <strong>da</strong> ra<br />
ufleba-movaleobebi<br />
ukavSirdeba am asaks.<br />
<strong>da</strong>badeba<br />
memkvidreobis ufleba <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis zogadi uflebebi: sicoc-<br />
xlis, janmrTelobis ufleba <strong>da</strong> sxva. SegiZliaT aiRoT pira-<br />
dobis mowmoba <strong>da</strong> pasporti.<br />
14 weli<br />
savaldebuloa piradobis mowmobis aReba. sisxlis samar-<br />
Tlis kodeqsiT pasuxs agebT Cadenil <strong>da</strong>naSaulze. SegiZ-<br />
liaT muSaoba aramavne, msubuq samuSaoze.<br />
16 weli<br />
gaqvT qorwinebis ufleba (mSoblebis winaswari weri-<br />
lobiTi TanxmobiT an, gansakuTrebul SemTxve-<br />
vaSi <strong>–</strong> sasamarTlos nebarTviT); SegiZliaT muSao-<br />
bis <strong>da</strong>wyeba (maT Soris, sawarmos xelmZRvane-<br />
lad), Tu amis nebas mogcemen mSoblebi an sa-<br />
gangebo samsaxuri <strong>–</strong> meurveobisa <strong>da</strong> mzrun-<br />
velobis organo.<br />
18 weli<br />
xdebiT srulwlovani, SegiZliaT xma misceT<br />
arCevnebSi, imuSaoT adgilobrivi TviTm-<br />
marTvelobis organoSi <strong>–</strong> sakrebuloSi, me-<br />
riaSi, gamgeobaSi (gar<strong>da</strong> sakrebulos<br />
wevrisa <strong>da</strong> arCeviTi merisa), TviTon<br />
wyvetT Tqveni moqalaqeobis sakiTxs,<br />
gaqvT qorwinebis sruli ufleba. TviTon<br />
gankargavT sakuTar qonebas. mamakacebisa-<br />
Tvis warmoiSoba samxedro valdebuleba.<br />
21 weli<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT sakrebulos wevri,<br />
imuSaoT centraluri xelisuflebis or-<br />
ganoebSi.<br />
25 weli<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT deputati.<br />
28 weli<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT mosamarTle.<br />
30 weli<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT sakonstitucio sasamarTlos<br />
mosamarTle.<br />
35 weli<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT prezidenti.<br />
60-65 weli<br />
sapensio asaki (mamakacebisTvis <strong>–</strong> 65,<br />
qalebisTvis <strong>–</strong> 60).<br />
9
2. drois xazi<br />
Cveni cxovrebis gza bevr movlenasa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas moicavs. dRevandeli<br />
mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad aris ganpirobebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze<br />
gakeTebul arCevanze. albert ainStaini ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom gamocdileba codnis<br />
wyaroa. Cveni gamocdileba ki warsulis kritikuli analizis Sedegad yalibdeba.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi xSirad miiCneven, rom maT warmatebas an warumateblobas ramdenime<br />
„sakvanZo“ ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba an movlena gansazRvravs, magram mniSvnelovani<br />
cxovrebiseuli miznebis miRwevisaTvis aseve mniSvnelovania mcire<br />
nabijebi, romlebsac am miznebis miRwevis gzaze vaxorcielebT.<br />
materialur <strong>da</strong> inteleqtualur resursebTan erTad, a<strong>da</strong>mianis warmatebas<br />
gansazRvravs socialuri kapitalic <strong>–</strong> socialuri qselebi <strong>da</strong> jgufebi, romlebsac<br />
Tavs mivakuTvnebT; a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebTanac vurTierTobT. socialuri<br />
kapitali gamocdilebis SeZenaSi, TviTganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> miznebis miRwevaSi<br />
gvexmareba.<br />
romel movlenebsa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs<br />
miiCnevT mniSvnelovnad cxovrebaSi?<br />
romel socialur jgufebs miakuTvnebT<br />
Tavs <strong>da</strong> ratom aris mniSvnelovani<br />
TqvenTvis am jgufebis wevroba?<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
imsjeleT!<br />
nimuSis mixedviT SeadgineT drois xazi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>itaneT masze Tqveni cxovrebis<br />
mniSvnelovani a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, movlenebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi.<br />
gansazRvreT, movlena Tqvengan <strong>da</strong>moukidebelia Tu Tqvenzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
(Tavisufali nebis gamovlinebaa); ganaTavseT movlenis aRmniSvneli wre cxril-<br />
Si, Sesabamis svetSi.<br />
Sesabamisi simboloTi aRniSneT <strong>da</strong>debiTi � <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi � movlenebi.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>itaneT movlenebis aRmniSvneli simboloebi drois xazze TariRebis mixedviT.<br />
aRniSneT kavSiri movlenebs Soris isrebiT, gaaanalizeT Sedegebi:<br />
ra urTierTkavSiria drois xazze Tqven mier <strong>da</strong>tanil movlenebs Soris?<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva dros miRebul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs Soris? romelia gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovani movlena?<br />
imisaTvis, rom Tqveni drois xazi gasagebi iyos TanaklaselebisaTvis (Semdeg<br />
gakveTilze Tqven moawyobT mis ganxilvas), <strong>da</strong>urTeT mokle <strong>da</strong> konkretuli<br />
Txzuleba <strong>–</strong> „Cemi cxovrebis gza“.<br />
10 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
Tqvengan <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
movlenebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>badeba<br />
Tqvenze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
movlenebi<br />
<strong>axali</strong> megobrebis SeZena anas<br />
gacnoba<br />
musikaluri konkursi<br />
Camovayalibe<br />
musikaluri jgufi<br />
Tqvengan <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
movlenebi<br />
Ta ri Ri m o v l e n i s a R w e r a<br />
�<br />
warsuli<br />
skolaSi Sesvla<br />
sacxovrebeli<br />
adgilis Secvla<br />
�<br />
konkursSi gamarjveba<br />
konkursis<br />
gamocxadeba<br />
m o v l e n i s t i p i<br />
Tqvenze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
movlenebi<br />
t<br />
1995 <strong>da</strong> vi ba de �<br />
2001 Se ve di sko la Si �<br />
2007 Se vic va le sac xov re be li ad gi li<br />
2007 Se vi Zi ne axa li me gob re bi<br />
2008 gavicani ana<br />
2010 Ca mo va ya li be mu si ka lu ri jgu fi<br />
2011 xmis Cam we rma kom pa niam gamoac xa <strong>da</strong> mu si ka luri kon kursi<br />
2012 Cem ma jguf ma gaimarjva mu si ka lur kon kur sSi<br />
momavali<br />
klipis Cawera<br />
musikalur saswavlebelSi Cabareba<br />
�<br />
saswavlebelSi<br />
Sesvla<br />
klipis Cawera<br />
t<br />
d r o i s x a z i s S e d g e n i s n i m u S i drois es xazi Tqvenma<br />
Tanatolma Seadgina. mas<br />
musika uyvars. SesaZloa,<br />
Tqven sxva interesebi <strong>da</strong><br />
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2025<br />
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midrekilebebi gaqvT <strong>da</strong><br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />
movlenaTa siaSi sul sxva<br />
movlenebs SeitandiT. am<br />
nimuSis mixedviT rveulSi<br />
SeadgineT Tqveni drois xazi.<br />
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11
12<br />
3. momavlis <strong>da</strong>gegmva<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. yvelas sakuTari warmodgena<br />
aqvs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> icxovros, ra miznebs un<strong>da</strong> miaRwios, an,<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c, ra saqmeebi aqvs Sesasrulebeli dRis ganmavlobaSi. Cven vgegmavT<br />
dRes, Tves, weliwads, ramdenime weliwads, mTel cxovrebas... ramdenime wlis<br />
erTian gegmas xSirad strategiul gegmas uwodeben.<br />
strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva momavali problemebisa <strong>da</strong> warmatebebis prognozirebis<br />
(gaTvlis) karg saSualebas warmoadgens. igi arsebuli (A) situacii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
sasurvel (B) situaciaSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlisaTvis saukeTeso gzis (C) moZiebas<br />
gulisxmobs.<br />
strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesi ramdenime ZiriTad etaps moicavs. es etapebia:<br />
situaciis analizi;<br />
miznebis ierarqiis Camoyalibeba;<br />
samoqmedo gegmis Seqmna;<br />
progresis Sefasebis gegmis SemuSaveba.<br />
arsebobs individualuri, organizaciuli <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo strategiuli<br />
gegmebi. SevecadoT, gamoviyenoT strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis meTodi individualuri<br />
gegmis Camosayalibeblad uaxloesi sami wlisaTvis.<br />
me <strong>da</strong> garemo <strong>–</strong> situaciis analizi<br />
strategiuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva situaciis analiziT iwyeba. situaciis analizi or<br />
ZiriTad mimarTulebas moicavs: garemos analizs <strong>da</strong> sakuTari susti <strong>da</strong><br />
Zlieri mxareebis Sefasebas.<br />
imisTvis, rom warmatebiT ganvaxorcieloT <strong>da</strong>gegmva, sasurvelia, kargad<br />
gavaanalizoT sawyisi, sastarto mdgomareoba <strong>–</strong> sakuTari gamocdileba,<br />
<strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>, susti mxareebi, garemoSi arsebuli safrTxeebi <strong>da</strong> xelis-<br />
Semwyobi pirobebi.<br />
yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani unikaluria. maqsimaluri warmatebis misaRwevad, un<strong>da</strong><br />
vicodeT ra gamogvdis kargad, riTi varT gamorCeulebi <strong>da</strong> ra un<strong>da</strong> gamovasworoT.<br />
sakuTari Tavis obieqturad Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia, Tumca <strong>–</strong><br />
aucilebeli. Zalian mniSvnelovania vicodeT, ra Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti mxareebi<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
gvaqvs, rom SevZloT naklis gamosworeba <strong>da</strong> upiratesobebis<br />
gamoyeneba.<br />
piradi <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>s analizTan erTad,<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania garemos swori Sefasebac.<br />
garemos analizi gvexmareba, <strong>da</strong>vadginoT is gare<br />
faqtorebi, romlebmac SeiZleba zegavlena moaxdinos<br />
Cvens saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong> gegmebze. magaliTad:<br />
ra resursebia xelmisawvdomi garemoSi? ra<br />
sasargeblo <strong>da</strong> saziano tendenciebia? vin SeiZleba<br />
iyos Cveni mokavSire an mowinaaRdmege sasurveli<br />
miznebis ganxorcielebis procesSi? garemos<br />
Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs, ar gamogvrCes<br />
CvenTvis xelsayreli <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>, mzad viyoT safrTxeebTan gasamklaveblad<br />
<strong>da</strong> sworad vimoqmedoT.<br />
garemosa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>s gaanalizebis erTerTi<br />
gavrcelebuli meTodi e.w. SWOT analizia.<br />
SWOT inglisuri sityvebis abreviaturaa <strong>da</strong> ase iSifreba:<br />
S Zlieri mxareebi (Strengths)<br />
W susti mxareebi (Weaknesses)<br />
O <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> (Opportunities)<br />
T safrTxeebi (Threats)<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
SeecadeT, SeavsoT SWOT CarCo qvemoT mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT. ganixileT<br />
maga liTebi klasSi. cxrilis romeli punqtebis Sevseba iyo rTuli? ratom?<br />
SWOT analizis bolo etapze SegiZliaT moifiqroT, rogor gamoiyenebT Zlier<br />
mxareebs garemos <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>s realizaciisa Tu safrTxeebis Sem ci rebisTvis.<br />
an piriqiT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara garemos <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>s gamoyeneba<br />
Tqveni susti mxareebis <strong>da</strong>saZlevad.<br />
Zlieri mxareebi<br />
ra gamogdiT kargad?<br />
ra unikaluri resursebi gagaCniaT?<br />
ra miaCniaT sxvebs Tqvens Zlier<br />
mxareebad?<br />
susti mxareebi<br />
risi gaumjobesebaa SesaZlebeli?<br />
romeli resursebis deficits ganicdiT?<br />
ra miaCniaT sxvebs Tqvens sisusted?<br />
<strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong><br />
ra <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> ixsneba TqvenTvis?<br />
romeli tendenciebia TqvenTvis<br />
sasargeblo?<br />
safrTxeebi<br />
romeli tendenciebia TqvenTvis saziano?<br />
rogoria konkurencia?<br />
13
4. strategiuli miznebi<br />
mizani aris sasurveli cvlileba, romelsac gvin<strong>da</strong> mivaRwioT. miznebi<br />
erTmaneTisgan masStabebiT gansxvavdeba. aris cvlilebebi, romelTa miRweva<br />
drois mokle SualedSia SesaZlebeli (moklevadiani miznebi). zogierTi<br />
mizani ki saSualovadiani an grZelvadiania.<br />
Tu gvin<strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTulad vimoqmedoT <strong>da</strong> sakuTari cxovrebis gegma<br />
<strong>da</strong>vsaxoT, sasurvelia moklevadiani, saSualovadiani <strong>da</strong> grZelvadiani miznebierTmaneTsukavSirdebodes<strong>da</strong>erTmaneTisgangamomdinareobdes.urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
miznebi kibis safexurebs hgavs, romlebsac sasurvel mwvervalamde<br />
mivyavarT.<br />
ganvixiloT martivi magaliTi: warmoidgineT, rom gin<strong>da</strong>T iyoT warmatebuli<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani (grZelvadiani mizani), rac niSnavs gqondeT sayvareli <strong>da</strong> saintereso<br />
profesia, iyoT janmrTeli, SeqmnaT bednieri ojaxi, gqondeT saxli,<br />
manqana <strong>da</strong> a.S. (saSualovadiani miznebi), amisTvis uaxloes momavalSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
izrunoT imaze, rom miiRoT kargi ganaTleba, iswavloT ucxo ena, CaeweroT<br />
curvis wreze, <strong>da</strong>eufloT manqanis tarebas <strong>da</strong> a.S. (moklevadiani miznebi).<br />
gegma <strong>–</strong> es aris logikuri nabijebi, romlebsac erTi mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n meoremde<br />
mivyavarT; sxvagvarad, erTi Sedegi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>–</strong> meore Sedegamde, sanam saboloo<br />
mizans ar mivaRwevT. ierarqiulad <strong>da</strong>wyobil miznebs strategiul<br />
CarCos uwodeben.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
moifiqreT erTi an ori grZelvadiani mizani <strong>da</strong> miusa<strong>da</strong>geT saSualovadiani <strong>da</strong><br />
moklevadiani miznebi, rogorc es nimuSSia mocemuli. SeadgineT strategiuli<br />
CarCo. SegiZliaT <strong>da</strong>amatoT sqemas <strong>axali</strong> ganStoebebi.<br />
saSualovadiani mizani 1<br />
t<br />
moklevadiani mizani 1 moklevadiani mizani 1 moklevadiani mizani 1<br />
moklevadiani mizani 2 moklevadiani mizani 2 moklevadiani mizani 2<br />
moklevadiani mizani 3 moklevadiani mizani 3 moklevadiani mizani 3<br />
14 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
t<br />
grZelvadiani mizani 1<br />
t<br />
t<br />
saSualovadiani mizani 2 saSualovadiani mizani 3<br />
t<br />
t
5. rogor SevafasoT<br />
Cveni warmateba<br />
Cven verasodes viqnebiT <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi, rom gegmas warmatebiT vaxorcielebT<br />
<strong>da</strong> miznebs vaRwevT, Tu ar gveqneba gegmis ganxorcielebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
miznebis Sesrulebis kontrolis SesaZlebloba. magaliTad, raTa <strong>da</strong>vrwmundeT,<br />
rom marTlac bednieri <strong>da</strong> warmatebuli cxovreba SeviqmeniT, un<strong>da</strong> vicodeT,<br />
ras niSnavs iyo bednieri; ra aris kargi ganaTleba; ras niSnavs profesuli<br />
warmateba.<br />
miznis miRwevis sazom maCveneblebs indikatorebi ewodeba. indikatori<br />
gvexmareba, <strong>da</strong>vrwmundeT, rom mizans vuaxlovdebiT <strong>da</strong> gzas ar avcdiT. igi<br />
gviCvenebs, rogor <strong>da</strong> ramdena<strong>da</strong>a (ra xarisxiT) miRweuli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
cvlilebebi (miznebi).<br />
sworad Sedgenili indikatori gvexmareba:<br />
ukeT <strong>da</strong>vinaxoT sakuTari gegmis logika;<br />
sworad gavanawiloT resursebi;<br />
droulad <strong>da</strong> efeqturad movaxdinoT<br />
reagireba Secdomebsa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cdomebze;<br />
Seva<strong>da</strong>roT sakuTari Sedegebi sxvebisas.<br />
qvemoT mocemulia sworad <strong>da</strong> arasworad Sedgenili<br />
indikatorebis nimuSebi:<br />
mizani: swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba<br />
arasworad<br />
Sedgenili<br />
indikatori:<br />
sworad<br />
Sedgenili<br />
indikatori:<br />
me kargad viswavli.<br />
momavali saswavlo wlis bolos Cemi<br />
t<br />
niSnebis saSualo ariTmetikuli aiwevs<br />
ori punqtiT wlevandelTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. t<br />
t<br />
indikatori un<strong>da</strong> iyos gazomvadi, miRwevadi<br />
(realisturi), miznis Sesabamisi <strong>da</strong> droSi gansaz-<br />
Rvruli. indikatorma un<strong>da</strong> gazomos saboloo mdgomareoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara is, Tu ra gakeT<strong>da</strong> am mdgomareobis<br />
misaRwevad.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
indikatori un<strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxobdes Semdeg<br />
SekiTxvebs:<br />
rodis? <strong>–</strong> periodi,<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli dro: ra<br />
droSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos miRweuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxuli mizani.<br />
ra? <strong>–</strong> cvladi, elementi,<br />
romelic un<strong>da</strong> gaizomos.<br />
ramdeni? <strong>–</strong> raodenobebSi<br />
aRwerili mimdinare<br />
situacia <strong>da</strong> situacia,<br />
romelsac un<strong>da</strong><br />
mivaRwioT.<br />
SeadgineT indikatorebi Tqven mier <strong>da</strong>saxuli strategiuli miznebisaTvis.<br />
ganixileT magaliTebi klasSi <strong>da</strong> SeafaseT gazomvadobis, miRwevadobis, mizan-<br />
Tan Sesabamisobisa <strong>da</strong> droSi gansazRvrulobis kriteriumebis mixedviT.<br />
15
16<br />
6. praqtikumi: skolis<br />
strategiuli gegmis ganxilva<br />
moiTxoveT skolis strategiuli gegma <strong>da</strong><br />
moamzadeT recenzia Semdegi sqemis mixedviT:<br />
situaciis mimoxilva<br />
ramdenad srula<strong>da</strong>a asaxuli strategiul gegmaSi skolis Zlieri <strong>da</strong><br />
susti mxareebi, garemoSi arsebuli <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> safrTxeebi? ras<br />
<strong>da</strong>amatebdiT skolis SWOT analizs? rogor fiqrobT, SesaZlebelia Tu<br />
ara garemoSi arsebuli <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>s gamoyeneba skolis susti mxareebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saZlevad?<br />
strategiuli CarCo<br />
Tqveni azriT, ramdenad realisturia <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebi? aris Tu ara am<br />
miznebs Soris logikur urTierTkavSiri? ramdenad Seesabameba gegmaSi<br />
Camoyalibebuli miznebi skolis realur saWiroebebs? SecvlidiT Tu ara<br />
gegmaSi Camoyalibebul miznebs?<br />
indikatorebi<br />
aris Tu ara gegmaSi Camoyalibebuli konkretuli indikatorebi miznebis<br />
miRwevis Sesafaseblad? rogor SeafasebdiT TiToeul indikators gazomvadobis,<br />
miRwevadobis, mizanTan Sesabamisobisa <strong>da</strong> droSi gansazRvrulobis<br />
kriteriumebis mixedviT?<br />
zogadi STabeWdileba<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, ramdenad mogewonaT skolis strategiuli gegma? ratom?<br />
(CamoayalibeT ramdenime argumenti). rogor warmogidgeniaT sakuTari<br />
roli am gegmis SesrulebaSi?<br />
organizaciis strategiuli gegma ara mxolod miznebis <strong>da</strong>saxvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
warmatebis Sefasebis instrumentia, aramed reklamirebis kargi saSualebac.<br />
riTia es organizacia gamorCeuli sxva analogiuri organizaciebisagan?<br />
romel ZiriTad faseulobebs eyrdnoba misi funqcionireba? ra ganapirobebs<br />
am organizaciis mdgradobas? ras miiCnevs es organizacia sakuTar warmatebad?<br />
am kiTxvebze pasuxi Camoyalibebulia e.w. misiis ganacxadSi, romelic organizaciebis<br />
strategiuli ganviTarebis gegmebis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli<br />
nawilia. misiis ganacxadi sami ZiriTadi komponentisagan Sedgeba:<br />
xedva aRwers sasurvel idealur mdgomareobas, romlis miRwevac<br />
surs organizacias momavalSi, romlis realizaciisaken iswrafvis;<br />
Rirebulebebis nawili organizaciis funqcionirebis sakvanZo principebs<br />
ajamebs;<br />
misia ki organizaciis ZiriTad <strong>da</strong>niSnulebas asaxavs.<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
am nimuSSi saqarTvelos erT-erTi skolis misiis ganacxadi <strong>da</strong> strategiuli<br />
miznebia mocemuli.<br />
skolis strategiuli gegmis amonaridi <strong>–</strong><br />
misiis ganacxadi<br />
xedva<br />
Cveni skola swavlaze orientirebuli sazogadoebaa, sa<strong>da</strong>c yvela<br />
iRebs pasuxismgeblobas erTmaneTis warmatebaze. igi Sedgeba patrioti,warmatebazeorientirebuli<strong>da</strong>motivirebulimoswavleebisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivi codnis mqone, ganaTlebuli maswavleblebisagan,<br />
romlebic moswavleebTan erTad aSeneben codnas. Cveni skola samagaliToa<br />
rogorc saqarTvelos, ise msoflios masStabiT.<br />
skolis sazogadoebis yvela wevri (administracia, maswavleblebi,<br />
moswavleebi <strong>da</strong> mSoblebi) iRebs inteleqtualur <strong>da</strong> emociur siamovnebas<br />
saswavlo procesisgan. yvela moswavlisadmi aris maRali<br />
moTxovnebi <strong>da</strong> molodinebi. moswavleebi iZenen codnas sakuTari <strong>da</strong><br />
ara sxvaTa gamocdilebis safuZvelze. isini aRweven warmatebebs ara<br />
marto swavlaSi, aramed sxva sferoebSic, ara Soreul momavalSi,<br />
aramed skolaSi swavlis periodSi.<br />
Rirebulebebi:<br />
Cven gvjera, rom:<br />
es aris sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo skola.<br />
am skolaSi yvelas un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> SeuZlia swavla, yvelas aqvs potenciali.<br />
am skolaSi yvelas SeuZlia sakuTari <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa cxovrebis ukeTesobisken<br />
Secvla.<br />
misia<br />
skolis misiaa, <strong>da</strong>exmaros skolis sazogadoebis yvela wevrs piradi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi warmatebis miRwevaSi.<br />
ZiriTadi strategiuli mimarTulebebi:<br />
a) Riaobis principis ganxorcieleba:<br />
ucxo enebis gaZlierebuli swavlebis xelSewyoba; saerTaSoriso<br />
kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba;<br />
b) pirovnuli warmatebis maqsimizacia:<br />
moswavleebisindividualuri<strong>da</strong>jgufuriproeqtebisw<strong>axali</strong>seba;<br />
angariSvaldebulebisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis sqemebis <strong>da</strong>xvewa;<br />
g) <strong>axali</strong> codnis generirebis xelSewyoba:<br />
kvleviTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba; urTierTswavlis<br />
midgomis ganxorcieleba; inovaciebis <strong>da</strong>nergva.<br />
17
18<br />
7. TviTSefaseba, gare<br />
Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> TviTganviTareba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani fiqrobs sakuTari qmedebebis Sedegebze, a<strong>da</strong>rebs am Sedegebs<br />
sakuTar miznebs. amgvar Se<strong>da</strong>rebas TviTSefasebas uwodeben. pirovneba<br />
SeiZleba kmayofili iyos sakuTari TaviT an ara, <strong>da</strong>eTanxmos sakuTar Tavs an<br />
piriqiT, hqondes `Sinagani brZola“. TviTSefaseba un<strong>da</strong> iyos swori, magram<br />
zogjer a<strong>da</strong>miani ga<strong>da</strong>metebulad afasebs sakuTar <strong>da</strong>msaxurebas, warmatebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> codnas <strong>–</strong> aqvs ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli TviTSefaseba. ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli TviTSefsebis<br />
mqone a<strong>da</strong>mianebis cxovreba rTulia, isini xSirad arian „feTqebadni“, qedma-<br />
Ralni an piriqiT, gulCaTxrobilebi, eWvianebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. xSirad xdeba sxvanaira<strong>da</strong>c<br />
<strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>miani gansakuTrebiT mkacria sakuTari Tavis mimarT, <strong>da</strong>bali warmodgena<br />
aqvs sakuTar Tavze. es warmoSobs sakuTar TavSi <strong>da</strong>urwmuneblobas,<br />
gaube<strong>da</strong>obas <strong>da</strong> a.S. rogorc ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli, aseve <strong>da</strong>bali TviTSefaseba, xels<br />
uSlis pirovnebis ganviTarebas.<br />
specialur xerxebsa <strong>da</strong> meTodebs, romlebsac TviTSefasebisTvis viyenebT,<br />
TviTSefasebis instrumentebi ewodeba. SWOT analizi, romelzec ukve gvqon<strong>da</strong><br />
saubari, TviTSefasebis erT-erTi instrumentia.<br />
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis kidev erTi gza e.w. gare<br />
Sefasebaa. TviTganviTarebaze orientirebuli a<strong>da</strong>miani yovelTvis cdilobs,<br />
moipovos sxvaTagan sasargeblo rCevebi Tavisi codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis gasaumjobeseblad.<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, TviTSefaseba <strong>da</strong> gare Sefaseba TviTganviTarebis aucilebeli<br />
pirobaa.<br />
TviTSefasebisa <strong>da</strong> gare Sefasebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli instrumentia<br />
rubrikebi. rubrika aris mkacrad gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi gamoyenebis<br />
wesebis erToblioba, romlis mixedviTac vaxdenT Sefasebas. rogorc<br />
wesi, Sefasebis sqemebs, rubrikebs cxrilis forma aqvT. cxrilis pirvel<br />
striqonebSi mocemulia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva komponenti, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba<br />
Sefaseba. svetebSi mocemulia komponentebis aRmwerebi <strong>da</strong> maTi Sesabamisi<br />
ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi.<br />
cxrilSi #saklaso procesSi moswavleTa monawileobis rubrikebis magali-<br />
Tia mocemuli. msgavsi rubrikebi nebismieri procesis gare SefasebisaTvis an<br />
TviTSefasebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
CarTuloba<br />
mosmenis<br />
unari<br />
qceva<br />
momzadebis<br />
done<br />
kriteriumebi qula<br />
4 3 2 1<br />
moswavle Tavisi<br />
iniciativiT<br />
monawileobs saklaso<br />
proceseb-<br />
Si, svams kiTxvebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoTqvams<br />
azrebs ramdenjermegakveTilis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
moswavle usmens<br />
sxvebs saklaso<br />
<strong>da</strong> jgufuri diskusiebis<br />
dros.<br />
moswavle axdens<br />
sxvaTa azrebis,<br />
ideebis integrirebas.<br />
moswavle<br />
TiTqmis arasodes<br />
arRvevs<br />
klasSi qcevis<br />
wesebs.<br />
moswavle<br />
TiTqmis yovel-<br />
Tvis mza<strong>da</strong>a<br />
gakveTilisTvis,<br />
aqvs <strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi masalebi.<br />
moswavle<br />
proaqtiulad<br />
monawileobs<br />
saklaso procesebSi,<br />
svams<br />
kiTxvebs <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoTqvams<br />
azrebs erTxelgakveTilisganmavlobaSi.<br />
moswavle<br />
usmens sxvebs<br />
saklaso <strong>da</strong><br />
jgufuri<br />
diskusiebis<br />
dros.<br />
moswavle<br />
iSviaTad<br />
arRvevs<br />
klasSi qcevis<br />
wesebs.<br />
moswavle<br />
umetesad<br />
mza<strong>da</strong>a<br />
gakveTilis-<br />
Tvis, aqvs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi<br />
masalebi.<br />
situaciuri amocana<br />
moswavle iSvia-<br />
Tad monawileobs<br />
sakuTari<br />
iniciativiT<br />
saklaso procesebSi,<br />
iSviaTad<br />
svams kiTxvebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoTqvams<br />
azrebs.<br />
moswavle ar<br />
usmens sxvebs<br />
saklaso <strong>da</strong><br />
jgufuri diskusiebis<br />
dros.<br />
moswavle xSirad<br />
arRvevs<br />
klasSi qcevis<br />
wesebs.<br />
moswavle iSviaTa<strong>da</strong>a<br />
mzad<br />
gakveTilis-<br />
Tvis, aqvs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi<br />
masalebi.<br />
moswavle arasodesmonawileobsproaqtiulad<br />
saklaso<br />
procesebSi,<br />
arasodes svams<br />
kiTxvebs <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoTqvams<br />
azrebs.<br />
moswavle ar<br />
usmens sxvebs<br />
saklaso <strong>da</strong><br />
jgufuri diskusiebis<br />
dros.<br />
2<br />
awyvetinebs<br />
sxvas saubars an<br />
xels uSlis<br />
azris gamoTqma-<br />
Si.<br />
moswavle<br />
TiTqmis yovel-<br />
Tvis arRvevs 3<br />
klasSi qcevis<br />
wesebs.<br />
moswavle<br />
TiTqmis arasodesaa<br />
mzad<br />
gakveTilisT-<br />
2<br />
vis, ar aqvs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi<br />
masalebi.<br />
jami 10<br />
warmoidgineT, rom muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas apirebT TqvenTvis saintereso vakantur<br />
Tanamdebobaze. sxva sabuTebTan erTad momaval samuSao adgilze Tqveni<br />
samotivacio werilic un<strong>da</strong> waradginoT. samotivacio werili un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes<br />
Semdeg informacias: ratom <strong>da</strong>interesdiT am vakansiiT; romeli mniSvnelovani<br />
unar-Cvevebi <strong>da</strong> Tvisebebi gaqvT am poziciis <strong>da</strong>sakaveblad; ratom un<strong>da</strong> agiyvanon<br />
am Tanamdebobaze Tqven <strong>da</strong> ara <strong>–</strong> sxva.<br />
TanaklaselebTan erTad SeimuSaveT saerTo rubrikebi samotivacio werilis<br />
Sesafaseblad. sTxoveT Tanaklasels Seafasos Tqveni samotivacio werili am<br />
rubrikebis mixedviT.<br />
ganixileT Sedegebi klasSi. eTanxmebiT Tu ara Tanaklaselis Sefasebas? ras<br />
SecvlidiT Tqvens samotivacio werilSi Sefasebis Sedegebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT?<br />
3<br />
19
20<br />
8. ganaTlebis miRebis<br />
<strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong><br />
akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTleba<br />
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
misi formis arCevis ufleba (muxli 35). sicocxlis manZilze swavlis koncefcia<br />
gulisxmobs, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians nebismier asakSi SeuZlia ganagrZos swavla<br />
formaluri ganaTlebis sistemaSi (miiRos akademiuri an profesiuli gana-<br />
Tleba Sesabamis saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi), aseve miiRos ganaTleba<br />
araformaluri gziT <strong>–</strong> <strong>da</strong>eswros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sawvrTnel programebs, seminarebs,<br />
gaiaros ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebis an kvalifikaciis amaRlebis kursebi.<br />
qvemoT mocemuli sqema formaluri ganaTlebis sistemis safexurebs <strong>da</strong><br />
maT Soris urTierTmimarTebas asaxavs.<br />
zogadi ganaTleba sami safexurisagan Sedgeba. es safexurebia: <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
(I-VI), sabazo (VII-IX) <strong>da</strong> saSualo (X-XII). zogad ganaTlebas saqarTveloSi srulad<br />
afinansebs saxelmwifo. <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi <strong>da</strong> sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa.<br />
sabazo ganaTlebis safexuris <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg pirs SeuZlia airCios profesiuli<br />
ganaTlebis an umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis xazi. akademiuri<br />
ganaTleba ufro intensiur kvleviT komponents gulisxmobs <strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
romlebsac akademiuri ganaTleba aqvT miRebuli, kvlevis gziT Sesabamis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgSi axal codnas qmnian. profesiuli ganaTlebis saSualebiT ki SesaZlebelia<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva profesiuli unar-Cvevis aTviseba <strong>da</strong> garkveuli sferos specialistad<br />
Camoyalibeba. magaliTad, Tu manqanaTmSemeblobas ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetT,<br />
umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis xazi un<strong>da</strong> airCioT, xolo Tu zeinkloba<br />
gsurT <strong>–</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis xazi.<br />
profesiuli ganaTleba xuTi safexurisagan Sedgeba, umaRlesi akademiuri<br />
ganaTleba <strong>–</strong> sami safexurisgan. es safexurebia: bakalavriati, magistratura <strong>da</strong><br />
doqtorantura. akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis TiToeuli safexuris<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebisas gaicema Sesabamisi diplomi. yovel Semdeg safexurze studenti<br />
ufro Rrma <strong>da</strong> safuZvlian codnas iZens Sesabamis <strong>da</strong>rgSi an specialobaSi.<br />
sruli umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad (misi yvela safexuris gasavlelad)<br />
ufro meti droa saWiro, vidre sruli profesiuli ganaTlebis misaRebad.<br />
Tumca pirs SeuZlia, umaRlesi an profesiuli ganaTlebis nebismieri safexuris<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg Sewyvitos swavla <strong>da</strong> imuSaos Sesabamisi specialobiT.<br />
umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis xazi xelmisawvdomia mxolod sruli<br />
zogadi ganaTlebis mqone pirTaTvis. profesiuli ganaTlebis miReba ki sabazo<br />
safexuris <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdegacaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
ganaTlebis safexurebs Soris filtris funqcias xSirad gamocdebi asrulebs.<br />
magaliTad, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skoli<strong>da</strong>n umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexurze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelad aucilebelia erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Cabareba.<br />
erTian erovnul gamocdebze <strong>da</strong>iSvebian pirebi, romlebic floben sruli zogadi<br />
ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebel an masTan gaTanabrebul dokuments.<br />
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi gulisxmobs savaldebulo testirebas zogad<br />
unarebSi, qarTul enasa <strong>da</strong> literaturaSi <strong>da</strong> ucxo enaSi. aseve, umaRlesi<br />
saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba awesebs erT gamoc<strong>da</strong>s Semdegi arCeviTi<br />
sagnebi<strong>da</strong>n: a) literatura; b) maTematika; g) istoria; d) geografia; e) qimia; v)<br />
fizika; z) biologia.<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema<br />
X-XII<br />
VII-IX<br />
I-VI<br />
samedicino ganaTleba<br />
akademiuri ganaTlebis sveti<br />
stomatologiuri ganaTleba<br />
doqtorantura<br />
erTiani<br />
erovnuli<br />
gamocdebi<br />
magistratura<br />
saerTo<br />
samagistro<br />
gamoc<strong>da</strong><br />
bakalavriati<br />
saSualo ganaTleba<br />
Sualeduri<br />
kvalifikacia<br />
e.e.g. <strong>–</strong> z.u.*<br />
sabazo ganaTleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi ganaTleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
skolamdeli ganaTleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akvirdiT saqarTvelos formaluri<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis sqemas.<br />
ganaTlebis romeli xazi gvaZlevs<br />
Sromis bazarze ufro adre gasvlis<br />
SesaZleblobas <strong>–</strong> profesiuli<br />
Tu akademiuri? SesaZlebelia Tu<br />
ara profesiuli ganaTlebis xazi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
akademiuri ganaTlebis xazze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nacvleba? <strong>da</strong>saxeT skolisSemdgomi<br />
ganaT lebis miRebis Tqveni<br />
gza. <strong>da</strong>asabuTeT Tqveni arCevani.<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis sveti<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
mexuTe safexuri<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
meoTxe safexuri<br />
e.e.g. <strong>–</strong> z.u.<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
mesame safexuri<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
meore safexuri<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
pirveli safexuri<br />
savaldebulo ganaTleba e.e.g. <strong>–</strong> z.u.<br />
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi <strong>–</strong> zogadi unarebi<br />
wyaro: saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministros vebgverdi.<br />
21
Tu saSualo safexuris <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg profesiuli ganaTlebis xazze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlas ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetT, mxolod zogadi unarebis testi un<strong>da</strong> CaabaroT. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi Tqven SeZlebT profesiuli ganaTlebis bolo or safexurze<br />
Caricxvas. aseve, profesiuli ganaTlebis mesame safexuri<strong>da</strong>n ufro maRal<br />
safexurze ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelad erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis zogadi unarebis<br />
testis Cabarebaa saWiro. erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Cabarebis gziT,<br />
aseve, SesaZlebelia profesiuli ganaTleb is xazi<strong>da</strong>n akademiur xazze ga<strong>da</strong>svla.<br />
bakalavriati<strong>da</strong>n magistraturis safexurze ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelad aucilebelia<br />
saerTo samagistro gamocdis Cabareba.<br />
umaRlesi <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong>safinanseblad saxelmwifo,<br />
garkveuli wesis mixedviT, studentebze vauCerebs gascems. magaliTad,<br />
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT SesaZlebelia 30%-iani,<br />
50%-iani, 70%-iani <strong>da</strong> 100%-iani vauCeris miReba. vauCeris odenobas saqarTvelos<br />
mTavroba gansazRvravs. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba rogorc kerZo, ise<br />
saxelmwifo saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi swavlisaTvis. pirs SeuZlia<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>abaros erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>finansebis mosapoveblad<br />
an misi odenobis gasazrdelad.<br />
boloniis procesi<br />
1999 wels italiis erT-erT uZveles sauniversiteto qalaqSi, boloniaSi,<br />
evropis 29 qveynis umaRles ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebelma ministrebma xeli<br />
moaweres boloniis deklaracias <strong>–</strong> amiT saxelmwifoebma gamoxates saerTo<br />
mzadyofna, monawileoba mieRoT umaRlesi ganaTlebis erTiani evropuli<br />
sivrcis Camoyalibebis procesSi, romelsac sxvagvarad boloniis processac<br />
uwodeben.<br />
boloniis deklaracia, upirvelesad, gulisxmobs studentebis mobilobis<br />
(Tavisufali moZraobis) xelSewyobas. mobiloba aris studentis ufleba,<br />
Tavad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, Tu romel saganmanaTleblo programaze <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaSi<br />
gaagrZelebs swavlas, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareT. am<br />
uflebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, boloniis procesSi CarTuli qveynebi cdiloben<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis sinqronizaciasa <strong>da</strong> urTierTTavsebadobis<br />
uzrunvelyofas.<br />
saqarTvelo boloniis procesis wevria. umaRles ganaTlebaSi mimdinare<br />
reformebis didi nawili boloniis procesis moTxovnebs warmoadgens.<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblebis reitingi<br />
umaRlesi an profesiuli saswavleblebis SerCevis procesSi potenciuri<br />
studentebi xSirad ecnobian umaRlesi saswavleblebis reitingul siebs,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebi an calkeuli saganmanaTleblo programebi<br />
garkveuli kriteriumebisa <strong>da</strong> faqtorebis mixedviT aris <strong>da</strong>lagebuli.<br />
amgvar reitingebs xSirad masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, mTavroba<br />
an akademiuri wreebi adgenen.<br />
22 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
universitetebis reitingul siebSi Sefasebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kriteriumi gamov<br />
iyeneba, amitom erTi <strong>da</strong> igive universiteti sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva reitingSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
adgilze SeiZleba aRmoCndes. reitingul siebSi xSirad mxedvelobaSi miiReba<br />
calkeul universitetebSi an programebSi mimdinare kvleviTi saqmianobis<br />
xarisxi, studentebis arCevani, maTi warmateba <strong>da</strong> demografiuli monacemebi.<br />
zogierTi reitingi qveynis SigniT arsebul universitetebs a<strong>da</strong>rebs. amasTan,<br />
arsebobs msoflio reitingebic.<br />
dReisaTvis cnobilia ramdenime msxvili proeqti, romlebic miznad isaxavs<br />
msoflios masStabiT universitetebis erTmaneTTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebas saerTo kriteriumebis<br />
mixedviT. maT Sorisaa: e.w. Sanxais indeqsi, The Times Higher Education <strong>–</strong><br />
World University Rankings <strong>–</strong> didi britaneTi, Webometrics <strong>–</strong> espaneTis kvleviTi fondis<br />
iniciativa.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
moZebneT internetSi universitetebis reitinguli siebi <strong>da</strong> gansazRvreT, romeli<br />
universitetebi lideroben am siebSi. Ziebis procesSi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT<br />
bmulebi: www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings; www.webometrics.info<br />
warmoidgineT, rom irCevT saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebas, sa<strong>da</strong>c gsurT swavlis<br />
gagrZeleba. romels airCevT <strong>da</strong> ratom?<br />
am kiTxvaze <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli pasuxis CamoyalibebaSi cxrili <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT.<br />
SeecadeT, SeavsoT igi Tan<strong>da</strong>rTuli instruqciisa <strong>da</strong> nimuSis mixedviT:<br />
CamoTvaleT saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis ramdenime SesaZlo varianti;<br />
CamoTvaleT ramdenime mniSvnelovani kriteriumi (maxasiaTebeli), romelTa<br />
gaTvaliswinebac gsurT arCevanis gakeTebisas; SegiZliaT, kriteriumebs<br />
mianiWoT wonebi (yvela kriteriumis jamuri wona 100%-s un<strong>da</strong> Seadgendes).<br />
CawereT variantebi <strong>da</strong> kriteriumebi cxrilSi ise, rogorc nimuSSia naCvenebi;<br />
SeafaseT variantebi TiToeuli kriteriumis mixedviT <strong>–</strong> mianiWeT TiToeul<br />
variants qula 0-<strong>da</strong>n (Zalian cudi) 3-mde (Zalian kargi) TiToeul maxasiaTebelTan<br />
mimarTebiT. Tu kriteriumebis wonebs iyenebT, TiToeuli qula jer<br />
kriteriumis wonaze un<strong>da</strong> gaamravloT.<br />
CawereT TiToeuli qula Sesabamis ujraSi variantebis gaswvriv, rogorc<br />
nimuSSia naCvenebi;<br />
gamoTvaleT TiToeuli variantis jamuri qula (TiToeul rigSi SekribeT<br />
miRebuli qulebi);<br />
Sea<strong>da</strong>reT variantebis jamuri qulebi (varianti, romelsac yvelaze maRali<br />
jamuri qula aqvs, saukeTesoa).<br />
kriteriumi 1<br />
30 %<br />
kriteriumi 2<br />
25%<br />
kriteriumi 3<br />
15%<br />
kriteriumi 4<br />
30%<br />
varianti 1 1 X 0.30 = 0.3 3 X 0.25 = 0.75 2 X 0.15 = 0.3 3 X 0.30 = 0.9 2.25<br />
varianti 2 1 X 0.30 = 0.3 2 X 0.25 = 0.5 2 X 0.15 = 0.3 3 X 0.30 = 0.9 2.6<br />
varianti 3 1 X 0.30 = 0.3 3 X 0.25 = 0.75 1 X 0.15 = 0.15 1 X 0.30 = 0.3 <strong>1.</strong>5<br />
Sea<strong>da</strong>reT Tqveni cxrili TanaklaselTa cxrilebs. SeimuSaveT saerTo kriteriumebis<br />
sia saswavleblebis asarCevad. moipoveT <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia TqvenTvis<br />
saintereso saswavleblebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani kriteriumebis mixedviT.<br />
sul<br />
23
24<br />
9-10. specializacia<br />
<strong>da</strong> profesionalizmi<br />
saqmianobis garkveul sferoSi <strong>da</strong>xelovnebas an garkveuli mimarTulebiT<br />
akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis gaRrmavebas specializacias uwodeben.<br />
Tanamedrove samyaroSi specializacias Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba,<br />
radgan is xels uwyobs Sromis efeqturad ganawilebas, Sromis nayofierebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s, produqtisa <strong>da</strong> servisis xarisxis gaumjobesebas.<br />
Sesabamis <strong>da</strong>rgSi eqspertuli, specializebuli codna Zalian mniSvnelovania,<br />
Tumca specializacia ar niSnavs viwro mimarTulebis farglebSi Caketvas.<br />
<strong>axali</strong> teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, Tanamedrove Sromis bazari<br />
mudmivad icvleba, Cndeba <strong>axali</strong> profesiebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rgebi. cvalebad garemoSi<br />
warmatebuli orientaciisaTvis a<strong>da</strong>mians un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos sakuTari codnis mudmivad<br />
gaRrmaveba <strong>da</strong> ganaxleba, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki profesiuli reorientacia<br />
<strong>–</strong> saqmianobis <strong>axali</strong> sferoebis aTviseba <strong>da</strong> <strong>axali</strong> mimarTulebiT specializacia.<br />
boloniis procesSi gawevrianebasTan erTad saqarTvelom sicocxlis man-<br />
Zilze swavlis ideis xelSewyobis valdebulebac aiRo.<br />
Tanamedrove umaRlesi akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis sistema<br />
imgvara<strong>da</strong>a mowyobili, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians, survilis SemTxvevaSi, ar gauWirdes<br />
mimarTuleba<br />
agraruli<br />
mecnierebani<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgi/<br />
specialoba<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
qve<strong>da</strong>rgi/specializacia<br />
agronomia agroekologia, agroqimia-nia<strong>da</strong>gmcodneoba, agroteqnologia,<br />
agrobioteqnologia, mcenareTa seleqcia-genetika, mcenareTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva, xil-bostneulisa <strong>da</strong> yurZnis moyvanis teqnologia,<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebis moyvanis teqnologia, organuli soflis<br />
meurneoba, meabreSumeobis teqnologia<br />
veterinaria diplomirebuli veterinari (erTsafexuriani)<br />
mecxoveleoba mecxoveleobis produqtebisa <strong>da</strong> nedleulis saqonelmcodneoba,<br />
cxovelTa <strong>da</strong> frinvelTa moSeneba, cxovelTa <strong>da</strong> frinvelTa kveba,<br />
iqTiologia, mecxoveleobis produqciis warmoeba<br />
sasursaTo<br />
teqnologia<br />
kvebis produqtebis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>konservebis<br />
teqnologia, sasmelebis teqnologia (alkoholiani, ualkoholo),<br />
sursaTis uvnebloba, samaduRro warmoebis bioteqnologia,<br />
subtropikuli kulturebis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis teqnologia<br />
satyeo saqme satyeo meurneoba, satyeo ekologia, sanadire meurneoba,<br />
tyeTmowyoba
ganaTlebis akademiur <strong>da</strong> profesiul xazebs Soris moZraoba <strong>da</strong> specializaciis<br />
Secvla.<br />
bakalavriatSi (umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirvel safexurze swavlisas) students<br />
SeuZlia erTdroulad ori mimarTulebiT iswavlos <strong>–</strong> airCios ZiriTadi<br />
<strong>da</strong> meore specialoba.<br />
erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCo<br />
2010 wels saqarTveloSi erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCo <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCo oficialuri dokumentia, romelic aRwers<br />
formaluri ganaTlebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva safexurze (zogadi ganaTleba, profesiuli<br />
ganaTleba, umaRlesi ganaTlebis sami safexuri) misaRwev ZiriTad Sedegebs.<br />
amave dokumentSi, 10 ZiriTadi mimarTulebis farglebSi, 100-mde <strong>da</strong>rgi<br />
(specialoba) <strong>da</strong> 1000-mde specializacia (profesiaa) CamoTvlili, romlebic<br />
SeiZleba SeiZinoT saqarTveloSi akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
farglebSi. es CamonaTvali mudmivad ivseba <strong>axali</strong> profesiebiT.<br />
erovnuli kvalifikaciebis CarCos am amonaridSi mocemulia specialobebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> specializaciebis CamonaTvali saqarTveloSi erT-erTi perspeqtiuli<br />
mimarTulebisaTvis <strong>–</strong> agraruli mecnierebebisaTvis.<br />
profesiuli specializacia<br />
meabreSume, mebaRe (dekoraciuli mcenareebis), mebostne, mevenaxe, memcenare, meCaie, mexile,<br />
mcenareebis <strong>da</strong>mamzadebeli (samkurnalo, aromatuli), mcenareTa <strong>da</strong>cvis teqnikosi,<br />
sakvebmwarmoebeli, melioratori (agromelioratori, hidromelioratori), pesticidebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
agroqimikatebis teqnikosi, sanerge meurneobis specialisti<br />
veterinaruli momsaxurebis specialisti<br />
kinologi, zooteqnikosi (mecxeneoba, mecxvareoba, mebocvreoba, mefrinveleoba <strong>da</strong> a.S),<br />
mefutkre, Tevzis momSenebeli, Tevzis mrewavi, xelovnuri ganayofierebis teqnikosi, inkubaciis<br />
operatori, mecxoveleobis nedleulis pirveladi <strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli, cxovelTa kvebis operatori,<br />
bereitori (cxenis momTvinierebeli, mwvrTneli), cxovelebis momvleli<br />
xil-bostneulis pirveladi ga<strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli, Tevzga<strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli, rZis ga<strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli,<br />
purproduqtebis mwarmoebeli, xorcproduqtebis ga<strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli, yvelis mwarmoebeli,<br />
mcenareebis ga<strong>da</strong>mmuSavebeli, Saqris mwarmoebeli, meRvine, ludisa <strong>da</strong> ualkoholo sasmelebis<br />
mwarmoebeli, degustatori (Rvinis, Cais <strong>da</strong> a.S.), konditeri, mzareuli, xabazi<br />
metyeve (tyismWreli, taqsatori), tyismcveli, tyis gaSenebis teqnikosi, tyis paTologist-<br />
teqnikosi, monadire<br />
25
26<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
CamotvirTeT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministros veb-gverdi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
kvalifikaciebis erovnuli CarCos dokumenti <strong>da</strong> specializaciebis CamonaTvalis<br />
sruli varianti (CarCos <strong>da</strong>narTi #4; www.nea.ge/uploads/files1/charcho.pdf<br />
ipoveT specialobaTa CamonaTvalSi Tqven mier arCeuli profesia. romel mimar-<br />
Tulebas miekuTvneba igi? romeli xazis arCevaa saWiro am specializaciis misa-<br />
Rebad <strong>–</strong> akademiuris Tu profesiulis? Tqveni azriT, ra upiratesobebi <strong>da</strong><br />
SezRudvebi aqvs akademiuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganaTlebis xazebs?<br />
profesionalizmi <strong>da</strong> karieruli ganviTareba<br />
bevr kulturaSi termini „profesionali“ gamoiyeneba ganaTlebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
kompetenturi (mcodne) a<strong>da</strong>mianis socialuri statusis aRsawerad.<br />
profesionali flobs specializebul codnasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebs Tavis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgSi, akmayofilebs profesiuli eTikis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs (rogorc TanamSromeli,<br />
partniori, kolega <strong>da</strong> sxva), pativiscemiT eqceva klientebs, aqvs<br />
maRali motivacia <strong>da</strong> uyvars sakuTari saqme.<br />
profesionalebi sazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> kolegebSi ndobiT sargebloben, amitom<br />
maTi saqmianoba garkveul moralur <strong>da</strong> eTikur pasuxismgeblobasac gulisxmobs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
Tqveni azriT, specialuri codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis gar<strong>da</strong>, kidev romel mniSvnelovan<br />
Tvisebebsa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebs un<strong>da</strong> flobdes profesionali? gaerTiandiT<br />
jgufebSi profesiebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> CamoayalibeT Tvisebebisa <strong>da</strong> zogadi unar-<br />
Cvevebis sia Tqveni profesiisaTvis. moaxdineT sakuTari Tavis TviTSefaseba am<br />
Tvisebebis mixedviT (romels flobT? romlis ganviTarebas gegmavT momavalSi?).<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis profesiuli statusis ganviTarebis gzas sxvagvarad profesiul<br />
karierasac uwodeben. sityva „kariera“ laTinurad (Cararia) borbliani etliT<br />
gaWril gzas niSnavs.<br />
bevri organizacia xels uwyobs sakuTari TanamSromlebis karierul ganvi-<br />
Tarebas, magram yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani mainc Tavad qmnis sakuTar karieras.<br />
pirovnuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT, karieruli ganviTareba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis unarze sakuTar samoRvaweo asparezze efeqturad gamoiyenos<br />
socialuri, inteleqtualuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri resursebi, gaiTvaliswinos<br />
Tavisi fizikuri <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri <strong>SesaZleblobebi</strong>, sworad moaxdinos<br />
reagireba SemTxveviT faqtorebze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
moiZieT internetSi warmatebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong> amokrifeT saintereso faqtebi<br />
maTi biografii<strong>da</strong>n mozardobis periodSi. warudgineT Tqveni namuSevari Tanaklaselebs.<br />
ratom aris mniSvnelovani es faqtebi am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis biografiaSi?
es sainteresoa<br />
joni depi<br />
germanul enaze misi gvari „sulels“ niSnavs. depi<br />
xSirad xumrobs am Temaze. 15 wlis asakSi jonis<br />
mSoblebi erTmaneTs gaSordnen. swored am periodSi<br />
gaitaca igi musikam. deps de<strong>da</strong>m aCuqa pirveli gitara,<br />
romelzec man <strong>da</strong>kvra <strong>da</strong>moukideblad iswavla. male<br />
depma Camoayaliba musikaluri jgufi „bavSvebi“ (ingl.<br />
The Kids), romelic floridis Ramis klubebSi ukrav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
depis meore gataceba xatvaa. igi sakuTari musikaluri<br />
jgufis pirveli albomis ydis avtoria.<br />
mark cukerbergi<br />
mark cukerbergi msoflioSi yvelaze axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />
miliarderia. kompiuterebma igi jer kidev skolaSi<br />
gaitaca. marks uyvar<strong>da</strong> kompiuteruli TamaSebis Seqmna <strong>da</strong><br />
programireba. erT-erTi pirveli programa, romelic markma<br />
mamamisisTvis Seqmna, Tanamedrove sakomunikacio<br />
programebis (messanger, skype) winaparia. am programis<br />
saSualebiT markis mama saxli<strong>da</strong>n ofisis TanamSromlebs<br />
ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sakuTar stomatologiur klinikas<br />
distanciurad marTav<strong>da</strong>. markis Tanaklaselebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kurselebis azriT, igi „kompiuteris Wias sulac ar hgav<strong>da</strong>“. cukerbergi kargad flobs<br />
ramdenime ucxo enas, uyvars klasikuri literatura.<br />
16 wlis asakSi kompaniam „Microsoft~ cukerbergs samuSao SesTavaza. markma es<br />
SeTavazeba ar miiRo <strong>da</strong> muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas harvardis universitetSi swavla arCia.<br />
beqa goCitaSvili<br />
beqa goCitaSvili axalgazr<strong>da</strong> jazpianistia,<br />
romelic amJamad msoflios erTerT<br />
yvelaze prestiJul musikalur skolaSi,<br />
`jiliardSi~ swavlobs. igi saqarTvelos<br />
ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> reformebis fondis<br />
stipendiantia, mravali prestiJuli<br />
saerTaSoriso musikaluri konkursis<br />
laureati. sami wlis asakSi beqam pirvelad<br />
moismina kit jareTis musikaluri<br />
kompozicia, ramac biZgi misca mis interess<br />
musikisadmi. oTxi wlis asakSi is ukve ukrav<strong>da</strong> rTul musikalur kompoziciebs. rva<br />
wlis asakSi germaniaSi beqam klasikuri musikis festivalze gaimarjva.<br />
2008 wlis aprilSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCoSi beqas Sesruleba<br />
amerikis saxelmwifo mdivanma, kondoliza raisma moismina, romelic Tava<strong>da</strong>c<br />
profesionali musikosia. „beqa saukeTeso jaz-pianistia, romelic odesme<br />
momismenia“, <strong>–</strong> aRniSna kondoliza raisma. amerikis saxelmwifo mdivnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
saqarTveloSi aSS-is elCis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, beqam manhetenis musikaluri skolisa <strong>da</strong><br />
jiliardis skolis SesarCev konkursSi miiRo monawileoba <strong>da</strong> orive skolaSi<br />
Cairicxa.<br />
27
11-12<br />
debatebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad qmnis<br />
sakuTar momavals!<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
ixelmZRvaneleT<br />
debatebis warmarTvis<br />
instruqciiT:<br />
gv. 148-155<br />
momavlis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas Zalian didi<br />
gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu rogor viqceviT awmyoSi.<br />
zogierTi a<strong>da</strong>miani Tvlis, rom warmatebas <strong>da</strong> warumateblobas,<br />
didwilad, bediswera gansazRvravs.<br />
Aarsebobs gansxvavebuli azric <strong>–</strong> bevri ram pirad<br />
Zalisxmevazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. yvelas cxovrebaSi<br />
xdeba moulodneli movlenebi, magram momavals ara es<br />
movlenebi, aramed maTze Cveni reaqcia gansazRvravs.<br />
imsjeleT momavlisadmi am ori gansxvavebuli midgomis<br />
marTebulobis Sesaxeb.
Sromis bazari<br />
13. Sromis<br />
bazari<br />
aTvisebuli seqtori auTvisebeli seqtori<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavebuli<br />
samuSao<br />
adgilebi<br />
gaixsneneT!<br />
ra aris samuSao Zala?<br />
ra aris Sromis bazari?<br />
ra mniSvneloba aqvs mas TiToeuli moqalaqisa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifosTvis?<br />
romeli saxis umuSevroba iciT?<br />
vakansiebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebulebi umuSevrebi<br />
situaciuri amocana<br />
patara sasauzmis mTeli personali samuSao<strong>da</strong>n imis gamo <strong>da</strong>iTxoves, rom<br />
sasauzmem quCis meore mxares axladgaxsnil restoranTan konkurencias ver<br />
gauZlo.<br />
sasauzmis asakovan mzareulebs, gigas <strong>da</strong> no<strong>da</strong>rs, restoranSi muSaobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad<br />
kvalifikacia ar hyofniT, ara<strong>da</strong>, TavianTi xelfasiT oriveni sakmaod did<br />
ojaxebs arCendnen. gigas invalidi Svili, moxuci mSoblebi <strong>da</strong> diasaxlisi<br />
meuRle hyavs, no<strong>da</strong>rs <strong>–</strong> studenti Svilebi. umuSevrad <strong>da</strong>rCenilebma <strong>da</strong>xmarebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis saagentoebs miakiTxes, Tan ganacxades, rom maTTvis nebismieri<br />
samuSao pirobebi misaRebia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bal xelfaszec <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdebian. saagentoSi<br />
TavianTi sakontaqto monacemebi ki <strong>da</strong>toves, magram <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli arc erTi ar<br />
aris, rom xel<strong>axali</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmeba droulad moxdeba.<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom Tavisufali samuSao adgilebi jerjerobiT ar aris. amitom<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites, xvali<strong>da</strong>n sasauzmeebis, patara restornebisa <strong>da</strong> kafeebis Semovla<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyon <strong>da</strong> maT sakuTari Sroma SesTavazon.<br />
ra SeiZleba vuwodoT process, romelic samuSao<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Txovnis Semdeg gigam<br />
<strong>da</strong> no<strong>da</strong>rma <strong>da</strong>iwyes?<br />
grZelvadiani iqneba Tu moklevadiani CamoTvlili pirebis umuSevroba?<br />
romel argumentebs eyrdnoba Tqveni mosazreba?<br />
Tqveni <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT, rogoria <strong>da</strong>saqmebulTa Soris asakovani <strong>da</strong> axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />
specialistebis proporcia?<br />
romel profesiazea meti moTxovna?<br />
29
process, romlis meSveobiTac a<strong>da</strong>mianebi TavianTi gemovnebisa <strong>da</strong> unaris<br />
Sesabamis samuSaos pouloben, samuSaos Zieba ewodeba.<br />
radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianebi erTmaneTisagan moTxovnebiTa <strong>da</strong> kvalifikaciiT<br />
gansxvavdebian, isini samuSaos survilisa <strong>da</strong> unaris mixedviT eZeben. yvela<br />
samuSao adgili maTTvis erTnairad misaRebi ar aris.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebsac <strong>da</strong> samuSaos maZieblebsac gancxadebebis<br />
ganTavseba gazeTebSi, internetSi, radiosa Tu satelevizio morbenal<br />
striqonze SeuZliaT, ganTavsebisaTvis saWiro xarjebis gaReba yvelasaTvis<br />
xelmisawvdomi ar aris. amitom informacia samuSaos maZieblisa <strong>da</strong> samuSaos<br />
Sesaxeb Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT nela vrceldeba.<br />
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi samuSao adgilebze mwvave konkurenciaa.<br />
samuSaos is iRebs, visac mocemul konkretul sferoSi yvelaze maRali<br />
kvalifikacia aqvs. maRali profesiuli unaris mqone muSakebze moTxovna<br />
yovelTvis arsebobs, Sesabamisad, maTi anazRaurebac maRalia. mewarmeebma<br />
ician, rom aseTi muSakebis Sromis nayofiereba maRalia (sxvebze met <strong>da</strong><br />
xarisxian produqcias qmnian), amitom maT ukeTes samuSao pirobebs uqmnian.<br />
<strong>da</strong>Cqarebuli teqnologiuri progresis gamo, sawarmoebi axleburi <strong>da</strong><br />
mravalgvari unar-Cvevebis mqone muSakebs moiTxoven. xSirad samuSao arsebobs,<br />
ufrosi asakis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs ki <strong>da</strong>mqiravebelTa Tanamedrove moTxovnebis<br />
Sesabamisi codna ar gaaCniaT: uWirT an saerTod ver saubroben ucxo enaze,<br />
ar floben kompiuterul programebs, Tanamedrove teqnologiebs. radgan<br />
cxovrebis winsvlam aseTi saWiroeba moitana, bevr qveyanaSi e.w. `zr<strong>da</strong>srul-<br />
Ta ganaTlebis programebiT~, ufrosi asakis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebaSi, profesiis<br />
SecvlaSi, <strong>axali</strong> unarebis ganviTarebaSi exmarebian. Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyeba surs, man sicocxlis bolomde siaxleebis Seswavlisa <strong>da</strong> profesiuli<br />
srulyofis mzadyofna un<strong>da</strong> gamoTqvas.<br />
30 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a
umuSevrobas seriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi moaqvs rogorc ekonomikuri,<br />
ise socialuri kuTxiT, rogorc umuSevrebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi ojaxis wevrebisaTvis,<br />
ise mTeli sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />
ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong>nakargebi socialuri problemebi<br />
• warmoebuli <strong>da</strong> bazarze<br />
gatanili produqciis<br />
raodenobis Semcireba;<br />
• sawarmoebis mier<br />
biujetSi saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
Senatanebis Semcireba;<br />
• saxelmwifo xarjebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong> umuSevarTa<br />
Semweobebis gasacemad;<br />
• qveyni<strong>da</strong>n samuSao Zalis<br />
migracia.<br />
•cxovrebis donis gauareseba;<br />
• Sromis bazarze konkurenciis zr<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• Sromis anazRaurebis Semcireba;<br />
• socialuri uTanasworobis gaZliereba;<br />
• umuSevarTa Soris stresis, avadmyofobis,<br />
narkomaniis, alkoholizmis, <strong>da</strong>naSaulis zr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
• ojaxuri <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi konfliqtebi;<br />
• kadrebis diskvalifikacia;<br />
• ojaxebis ngreva;<br />
• saerTo socialuri <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba.<br />
socialur problemebs ekonomistebma umuSevrobis araekonomikuri<br />
Sedegebi uwodes. xangrZlivi umuSevroba a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi stress iwvevs. maTi<br />
nawili samuSaos Sovnis imeds kargavs <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilis Zebnas wyvets. isini<br />
samuSao Zali<strong>da</strong>n gamoTiSulad iTvlebian, Tumca realurad muSaoba surT.<br />
roca a<strong>da</strong>miani sakuTar qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis imeds kargavs, legalurad an aralegalurad<br />
cdilobs iseT qveyanaSi moxvdes, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>saqmeba ar gauWirdeba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali ekonomikuri ganviTarebis qveynebis samuSao Zalis didi nawili qveyanas<br />
tovebs <strong>da</strong> samuSaos sxva qveynebSi eZebs. iwyeba masobrivi SromiTi migracia.<br />
swored amitom, saxelmwifoebis umetesoba mosaxleobis ekonomikur gaaqtiurebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> umuSevrobis donis Semcirebaze zrunavs, rac, Tavis mxriv, ekonomikuri<br />
progresis saSualebas iZleva. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samTavrobo programebi,<br />
yovelTviuri Semweobis saxiT, umuSevrebs finansur <strong>da</strong>xmarebas uweven, xolo<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis specialuri saagentoebi droebiT <strong>da</strong>saqmebaSi exmarebian.<br />
31
32<br />
es sainteresoa<br />
saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis dones ori xerxiT gamoiTvlian: oficialurad<br />
registrirebuli umuSevrebis raodenobiT <strong>da</strong> saojaxo meurneobebis SerCeviTi<br />
gamokvlevebis monacemebis mixedviT. am ukanasknelis 2010 wlis monacemebze<br />
<strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es maCveneblebi yvelaze maRalia TbilisSi <strong>–</strong> 30%.<br />
Semdeg modis is regionebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c samrewvelo qalaqebia: aWara <strong>–</strong> 18%; Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli <strong>–</strong><br />
12.7%; imereTi <strong>–</strong> 1<strong>1.</strong>6%.<br />
mecxre klasis masali<strong>da</strong>n gaixseneT, ras gulisxmobs konkurencia <strong>da</strong> rogor<br />
aisaxeba igi a<strong>da</strong>mianis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze?<br />
rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad maRalia konkurencia Sromis bazarze Tqven mier<br />
arCeul profesiul sferoSi? rTulia Tu martivi am sferoSi <strong>da</strong>saqmeba? ra<br />
strategias mimarTavT am sferoSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis Sansebis gazrdisaTvis?<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
imsjeleT!<br />
moiZieT internetSi uaxlesi monacemebi saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis donis<br />
Sesa xeb. Sea<strong>da</strong>reT isini wina wlebis monacemebs. rogoria tendencia? gansxvavdeba<br />
Tu ara monacemebi sqesis, qalaqisa <strong>da</strong> soflis macxovreblebis,<br />
regionebis mixedviT? riT axsnidiT am gansxvavebebs? informaciis moZiebisaTvis<br />
gamoiyeneT saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris veb-gverdi:<br />
www.geostat.ge<br />
moiZieT internetSi saiti www.hr.ge. am saitze yoveldRiurad aTobiT<br />
gancxadeba qveyndeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis vakansiaze. SearCieT TqvenTvis saintereso<br />
profesia <strong>da</strong> gaecaniT <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebis moTxovnebs. ga<strong>da</strong>ixazeT cxrili<br />
rveulSi <strong>da</strong> SeavseT.<br />
kompaniis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxeleba<br />
sakontaqto<br />
informacia<br />
CV-is miRebis<br />
bolo va<strong>da</strong><br />
SeadgineT Tqveni CV * Semdegi principis mixedviT:<br />
<strong>1.</strong> personaluri monacemebi<br />
2. sakontaqto informacia<br />
3. ganaTleba<br />
4. SromiTi gamocdileba, maT Soris moxalised muSaobisa<br />
5. ucxo enebis codna<br />
6. piradi Tvisebebi<br />
1 (laT. Curriculum Vitae) profesiuli biografia<br />
samuSao<br />
ganakveTi<br />
ZiriTadi moTxovnebi<br />
... ... ... ... ...
14. praqtikumi:<br />
viTamaSoT arCevnebi<br />
umuSevroba sazogadoebis mtkivneuli problemaa. mosaxleobis gulis<br />
mosagebad saarCevno programebSi politikosebi yovelTvis umuSevrobis<br />
Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>axali</strong> samuSao adgilebis garantias iZlevian, arCevnebSi<br />
gamarjvebis Semdeg ki <strong>da</strong>napirebis Sesruleba uWirT.<br />
imisaTvis, rom kargad gaiazroT, romeli sakiTxebis ga<strong>da</strong>WrasTan <strong>da</strong> ra<br />
saxis sirTuleebTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli umuSevrobis problemis <strong>da</strong>Zleva,<br />
viTamaSoT `arCevnebi~.<br />
<strong>da</strong>iyaviT oTx jgufad. TiToeul jgufs mianiWeT nomeri <strong>da</strong>F airCieT<br />
lideri, romelic `saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi~ mosaxvedrad ibrZolebs. jgufis<br />
<strong>da</strong>narCeni wevrebi mas <strong>da</strong>exmarebian, moamzados `saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zlevis programa~, romelsac is klasis winaSe waradgens. gamarjvebuli<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>ti modelirebul `mTavrobaSi~ moxvdeba. umuSevrobis <strong>da</strong>Zlevis<br />
programa (aranakleb Svidpunqtiani) im Tanmimdevruli RonisZiebebis<br />
CamonaTvali un<strong>da</strong> iyos, romelTa ganxorcielebac, Tqveni azriT, xels<br />
Seuwyobs a<strong>da</strong>mianebis <strong>da</strong>saqmebis mniSvnelovan zr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
gafrTxileba: Tqvens programaSi ar un<strong>da</strong> moxvdes wina<strong>da</strong>deba <strong>–</strong> `samuSao<br />
adgilebis Sesaqmnelad gavxsni bevr axal sawarmos.~ `mTavrobis wevrebi~<br />
sawarmoebs TviTon ver gaxsnian.<br />
prezentaciebs yuradRebiT mousmineT. <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg yvela Tqvengani<br />
amomrCeveli xdeba. maswavleblis mier <strong>da</strong>rigebul misawebebel furclebze<br />
<strong>da</strong>awereT Tqveni jgufis nomeri. es furceli Tqvens xmas gamoxatavs. is<br />
<strong>da</strong>faze im jgufis grafaSi miakariT, romlis programac yvelaze metad mogewonaT<br />
(ix. cxrilis nimuSi). ufleba ar gaqvT, sakuTar kandi<strong>da</strong>ts misceT xma!<br />
Sefaseba: gamarjvebuli iqneba is kandi<strong>da</strong>ti, romlis programac met xmas<br />
miiRebs, Sesabamisad, jgufis TiToeuli wevri maswavleblisagan umaRles<br />
Sefasebas <strong>da</strong>imsaxurebs. umaRles Sefasebas miiRebs is monawilec, romelic<br />
argumentirebulad axsnis sakuTar arCevans.<br />
rCeva: gaixseneT, <strong>da</strong>saqmebis ra realuri perspeqtiva arsebobs Tqvens<br />
regionSi, romeli <strong>da</strong>rgis aRorZinebaa SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong> moamzadeT saintereso<br />
saarCevno programebi. moifiqreT efeqturi saarCevno lozungi. gisurvebT<br />
warmatebas!<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa programebis sademonstracio cxrilis nimuSi<br />
№ kandi<strong>da</strong>ti №1 kandi<strong>da</strong>ti №2 kandi<strong>da</strong>ti №3 kandi<strong>da</strong>ti №4<br />
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34<br />
15. ekonomikuri saqmianobis<br />
ZiriTadi sferoebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ekonomikuri saqmianobis im sferos irCeven, romelic maT met<br />
mogebas moutans. calkeuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jgufebi, regionebi <strong>da</strong> qveynebic<br />
ki gansazRvruli saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis warmoebaSi ostatdebian<br />
(specializdebian). amas saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis iseTi raodenobiT gamoSvebamosdevs,racTviTmwarmoeblebissaWiroebasaRemateba.aseTSemTxvevebSi,<br />
mwarmoeblebi zedmet produqcias sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebis mier warmoebul saqonelsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> momsaxurebaze cvlian. sabolood yvela mogebulia.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi nebayoflobiT mxolod maSin cvlian saqonels, roca monawile<br />
mxareebs sargeblis miRebis imedi aqvT. es marTebulia, roca vsaubrobT individebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> organizaciebis vaWrobis Sesaxeb, rogorc erTi qveynis farglebSi,<br />
aseve sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebs Soris. vaWrobis procesSi monawile ori an<br />
meti mxare ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas mxolod maSin iRebs, Tu sargeblis miRebis imedi<br />
aqvs. roca erT-erTi an orive movaWre partniorisagan sargebels aRar elis<br />
<strong>–</strong> gacvla wydeba.<br />
imsjeleT!<br />
sakuTari <strong>da</strong>saxlebis<br />
magaliTze<br />
CamoTvaleT a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
is saqmianobebi,<br />
romlebic<br />
Semosavlis misaRebad<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
romeli maTgania<br />
prioritetuli?<br />
ratom?<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
specializacias adgili aqvs maSin, roca sameurneo<br />
erTeulebi (individebi, firmebi, qalaqebi,<br />
regionebi <strong>da</strong> qveynebi) erTgvarovan produqts<br />
awarmoeben.<br />
glexebs is produqti mohyavT, romlis<br />
moyvana Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT iolia;<br />
regionisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel havasa <strong>da</strong><br />
nia<strong>da</strong>gSi advilad xarobs;<br />
sxva kulturebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, mosavali<br />
didi raodenoba miiReba <strong>da</strong> iafia;<br />
xarisxiani mosavlis miRebis gansakuTrebul<br />
teqnologias floben <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
amitom TiToeuli regioni specializdeba mxolod erTi an ramdenime kulturis<br />
moyvanaze. arCeul <strong>da</strong>rgs aviTareben, produqtis sasaqonlo saxis gaumjobesebaze<br />
zrunaven, msxvil fermerul meurneobebs qmnian. Tu sxva glexi<br />
bazarze Sesvlas sakuTar ezoSi moyvanili produqtis gayidviT moindomebs,<br />
specializaciaze orientirebuli fermerebisTvis konkurenciis gaweva<br />
rogorc fasiT, ise xarisxiT, Zalian gauWirdeba.<br />
specializaciis dros a<strong>da</strong>mianebi SezRuduli asortimentis saqonels <strong>da</strong><br />
momsaxurebas didi raodenobiT awarmoeben. specializacia zrdis Sromis<br />
nayofierebas. igi xels uwyobs vaWrobis ganviTarebasac, rac aZlierebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
regionis urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas.<br />
sawarmoo resursebi regionebisa <strong>da</strong> qveynebis mixedviT araTanabra<strong>da</strong>a<br />
ganawilebuli. es gansxvavebebi alternatiuli Rirebulebebis * gansxvavebas<br />
* alternatiuli Rirebuleba <strong>–</strong> sargebloba, mogeba an Rirebuleba imisa, rac un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vTmoT sxva raimis<br />
SeZenis an miRebis sanacvlod. yvela resursis (miwis, fulis, drois <strong>da</strong> a.S.) gamoyenebis bevri alternatiuli<br />
gza arsebobs, amitom TiToeul qmedebas, arCevansa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas Tavisi alternatiuli<br />
Rirebuleba aqvs.
iwvevs, ris gamoc specializacia <strong>da</strong> gacvla sasurveli xdeba.<br />
TvalsaCinoebisTvis moviyvanoT magaliTi: yazbegis raionSi mecxoveleobis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis kargi pirobebia, Tumca misi mosaxleobis raodenoba<br />
mcirea. quTaisSi ki mosaxleobis raodenoba metia, magram saxnav-saZovrebis<br />
naklebobaa, anu es raioni mrewvelobis ganviTarebisTvis ufro gamosadegia.<br />
amrigad, quTaiss yazbegTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mrewvelobaSi absoluturi upiratesoba<br />
** gaaCnia. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, quTaisSi naxiris<br />
moSenebac SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong> yazbegSi <strong>–</strong> fabrikis amuSavebac, magram quTaisis<br />
raionSi mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis alternatiuli Rirebuleba samrewvelo<br />
sawarmoebis didi <strong>da</strong>nakargi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, xolo yazbegSi qarxnis aSenebis<br />
alternatiuli Rirebuleba <strong>–</strong> samrewvelo produqciis didi raodenobiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>nakargi.<br />
amis gamoa, rom sruliad gansxvavebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebi erTmaneTTan<br />
vaWroben. magaliTad, indonezia, romelic yavas, Saqarsa <strong>da</strong> sasargeblo<br />
wiaRiseuls awarmoebs, iaponiasTan vaWrobs, romelic manqanebs awarmoebs.<br />
saerTaSoriso vaWrobis didi wili msgavsi ekonomikis mqone qveynebze anu<br />
CrdiloeT amerikis, evropis industriul qveynebsa <strong>da</strong> iaponiaze modis. qveynebs<br />
Soris vaWrobis ZiriTadi mizezebis asaxsnelad ufro rTuli koncefciaa<br />
saWiro <strong>da</strong> mas Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi upiratesobis Teoria *** ewodeba.<br />
** saerTaSoriso vaWrobis TeoriaSi qveyanas absoluturi upiratesoba aqvs, Tu is awarmoebs produqcias<br />
(saqonelsa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebas) ufro „efeqtianad“ (iafad), vidre sxvebi.<br />
*** Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi upiratesoba <strong>–</strong> ekonomikuri koncefcia, romlis Tanaxmad, qveyanam un<strong>da</strong> awarmoos mxolod is<br />
saqoneli <strong>da</strong> momsaxureba, romelTa warmoebac misTvis ufro efeqtiania, vidre sxva saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis<br />
warmoeba (saeqsportod).<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>xedeT istoriisa <strong>da</strong> geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebs, CaatareT ojaxis<br />
wevrebis gamokiTxva <strong>da</strong> gaarkvieT, romeli ekonomikuri saqmianobebi iyo gavrcelebuli<br />
adre saqarTveloSi. Sea<strong>da</strong>reT dRes gavrcelebul ZiriTad ekonomikur<br />
saqmianobas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fiqrdiT ekonomikuri saqmianobis sferoebis Secvlis mizezebze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>wereT Txzuleba: `ra Seicvala qarTul ekonomikaSi bolo 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi?~<br />
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36<br />
16. SromiTi<br />
urTierTobebi<br />
SromiTi urTierToba <strong>da</strong>saqmebulisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis urTierTobas ewodeba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, kerZo kompania an<br />
ubralod calkeuli a<strong>da</strong>miani. rac Seexeba <strong>da</strong>saqmebuls, is mxolod a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
SeiZleba iyos. SromiT urTierTobebs saqarTveloSi calke organuli kanoni<br />
<strong>–</strong> Sromis kodeqsi awesrigebs. misi <strong>da</strong>cva savaldebuloa nebismieri <strong>da</strong>saqmebulisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblisaTvis. Tumca, Sromis kodeqsis gar<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs araer-<br />
Ti kanoni Tu kanonqvemdebare aqti, romelic awesrigebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferoSi<br />
muSaobis sakiTxebs an SromiTi urTierTobis calkeul Temebs. magaliTad,<br />
arsebobs kanoni sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, romliTac regulirdeba saxelmwifo<br />
samsaxurebSi muSaobis wesi. aseve arsebobs, magaliTad, Sromis, janmrTelobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> socialuri <strong>da</strong>cvis ministris brZaneba droebiTi Sromisuunarobis<br />
gamo <strong>da</strong>xmarebis <strong>da</strong>niSvnisa <strong>da</strong> gacemis wesis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> sxva. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kanonSi aris Sesuli muxlebi, romlebic uSualod SromiT urTierTobebs<br />
ar exeba, magram am urTierTobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul zogierT Temas<br />
awesrigebs. magaliTad, saga<strong>da</strong>saxado kodeqsSi asaxulia xelfasis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli zogierTi sakiTxi. yvela es samarTlebrivi aqti, ra Tqma<br />
un<strong>da</strong>, zogadia. yovel konkretul SromiT urTierTobas ki <strong>da</strong>msaqmebelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebuls Soris <strong>da</strong>debuli SromiTi xelSekruleba awesrigebs, romelic<br />
Sesabamis kanonmdeblobas un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
imsjeleT!<br />
moZebneT saqarTvelos konstituciaSi<br />
(me-2 TavSi) SromiT urTierTobebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli muxlebi <strong>da</strong> gaecaniT.<br />
imsjeleT TanaklaselebTan erTad,<br />
rogor gesmiT praqtikulad maTi<br />
mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsi.<br />
internetis meSveobiT moiZieT Sromis kodeqsi <strong>da</strong> moZebneT masSi muxlebi, romlebSic<br />
saubaria <strong>da</strong>saqmebulTa uflebebze. yuradReba gaamaxvileT arasrulwlovanTa<br />
uflebebze <strong>da</strong> moZiebuli masalis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>wereT mokle Txzuleba<br />
`SromiTi urTierTobebi <strong>srulwlovaneba</strong>mde~.<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebulTa interesebis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
mizniT, SesaZlebelia profesiuli<br />
kavSirebis Seqmna. es aris<br />
erTi <strong>da</strong> imave an msgavsi profesiebis<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianTa gaerTianebebi,<br />
romlebic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva RonisZiebas<br />
axorcieleben TavianTi profesiiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebuli xalxisTvis<br />
SromiTi xasiaTis problemebis<br />
mosagvareblad. profkavSiris Seqmnis ufleba erT-erTi ZiriTadi uflebaa<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis socialur-ekonomikur uflebaTa Soris. saqarTveloSic arsebobs<br />
calke kanoni profesiuli gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
amave dros, zogierT saxelmwifo organoSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebulTaTvis profkav-<br />
Siris Seqmnis uflebis gamoyeneba gansxvavebulad wesrigdeba am organoTa<br />
mniSvnelobi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. esenia saga<strong>da</strong>saxado, saba-<br />
Jo, sasamarTlo, prokuratura, aseve Tav<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> Sinagan saqmeTa organoebi.
praqtikumis mizania iseTi SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sedgena, romelSic<br />
SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvaradmaqsimaluradiqnebagaTvaliswinebulirogorc<strong>da</strong>saqmebulis,<br />
ise <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis interesebi.<br />
amisTvis saWiroa, Camoiweros ramdenime ZiriTadi Tema, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos xelSekrulebaSi. esenia:<br />
risi ufleba <strong>da</strong> valdebuleba un<strong>da</strong> hqondes <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels <strong>da</strong> risi <strong>–</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebuls;<br />
ra xdeba, roca romelime mxare romelime valdebulebas ar asrulebs;<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> eqceodnen mxareebi erTmaneTs;<br />
17. praqtikumi: SromiTi<br />
xelSekruleba<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> moagvaron mxareebma erTmaneTs Soris warmoSobili gaugebrobebi.<br />
SesaZloa, Tqveni namuSevari ar iyos zustad iseTi, rogoric SromiTi<br />
xelSekrulebaa xolme realurad. magaliTad, ver moifiqroT raime movlenis<br />
gamomxatveli termini, teqsti <strong>da</strong>werili iyos Cveulebrivi <strong>da</strong> ara iuridiuli<br />
eniT, magram es nu <strong>da</strong>gabrkolebT <strong>–</strong> praqtikumis miznisaTvis mTavaria Tqveni<br />
namuSevris Sinaarsi.<br />
zemoT CamoTvlili sakiTxebis mimarT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
aqvT xolme <strong>da</strong>saqmebulebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs. amitom gaiyaviT or jgufad (an<br />
ufro metad, moswavleTa raodenobis mixedviT). erTma jgufma Tavi warmoidginos<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblad <strong>da</strong> moamzados zemoT CamoTvlili sakiTxebis xedva <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
pozicii<strong>da</strong>n, xolo meore jgufma, piriqiT <strong>–</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebulis pozicii<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg orive jgufma moaxdineT Tqveni namuSevrebis<br />
prezentacia.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis meore etapi gulisxmobs erTiani xelSekrulebis gakeTebas.<br />
orive mxarem <strong>–</strong> rogorc `<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebma~, ise `<strong>da</strong>saqmebulebma~ urTierTSe-<br />
TanxmebiT SeaerTeT Tqveni namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> SeadgineT erTiani SromiTi<br />
xelSekruleba, romelSic orive mxaris interesi iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
37
38<br />
18. axalgazrdoba <strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianiT<br />
vaWrobis (trefikingis) riskis jgufi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) aris procesi, romelic sami ZiriTadi<br />
etapisagan Sedgeba: ga<strong>da</strong>bireba, transportireba <strong>da</strong> eqspluatacia.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) xdeba maSin, rodesac:<br />
gvxvdeba samive etapi (ga<strong>da</strong>bireba, transportireba, eqspluatacia).<br />
samive etapi erTmaneTTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
moqmedeba xorcieldeba erT-erTi saSualebis gamoyenebiT <strong>da</strong> eqspluataciis<br />
misaRwevad samive etapi erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba.<br />
iZulebiTi<br />
Sroma<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) aris:<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba transportireba eqpluatacia<br />
motyueba <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
TaRliToba<br />
p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
muqara an Zalis<br />
gamoyeneba<br />
seqsualuri<br />
eqspluatacia<br />
saSualeba<br />
mizani<br />
eqspluatacia<br />
organoebis<br />
amokveTa<br />
Zalauflebis<br />
borotad gamoyeneba<br />
ymoba
a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis<br />
(miRebulia gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis mier 1948 w. 10 dekembers)<br />
Tanaxmad, a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> Rirsebis Selaxvis<br />
Zalian mZime forma. sazogadod, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
uflebebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc<br />
uflebebi, romelTa gareSe SeuZlebelia<br />
Tavi civilizebul pirovnebad igrZno.<br />
es uflebebi <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians aZlevs srulfasovani ganviTarebis,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri faseulobebisa <strong>da</strong> niWis gamoyenebis saSualebas.<br />
deklaraciis me-3 muxli miuTiTebs, rom `yovel a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs<br />
sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba~.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) safrTxes uqmnis a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
usafrTxoebasa <strong>da</strong> sicocxles.<br />
deklaraciis me-4 muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom `aravin un<strong>da</strong> imyofebodes<br />
monobaSi an ZalmomreobiT morCilebis mdgomareobaSi.<br />
yvela saxis monoba <strong>da</strong> monaTvaWroba akrZalulia~; es muxli,<br />
arsebiTad, krZalavs swored a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobas, vinai<strong>da</strong>n bevr<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentSi a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba ganmartebulia,<br />
rogorc monoba, an gaTanabrebulia monaTvaWrobasTan.<br />
deklaraciis me-5 muxlSi xazgasmulia, rom `aravis mimarT ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnas gamoyenebuli wameba an sastiki, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri Tu<br />
misi Rirsebis <strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli mopyroba <strong>da</strong> sasjeli~. sazogadoebaSi<br />
arsebobs azri imis Sesaxeb, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis<br />
(trefikingis) msxverpli, iqneba es kaci Tu qali, romelic ai-<br />
Zules Cabmuliyo prostituciaSi an sxva iZulebiTi saxis samuSaoSi,<br />
Tavad aris <strong>da</strong>mnaSave, radgan ico<strong>da</strong>, ra elo<strong>da</strong>. a<strong>da</strong>mianiT<br />
movaWreebi a<strong>da</strong>mians epyrobian rogorc nivTs, saqonels<br />
<strong>da</strong> motyuebiT, SantaJiTa <strong>da</strong> iZulebiT arTmeven mas a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
ZiriTad uflebas <strong>–</strong> Tavad airCios sakuTari cxovrebis gza.<br />
39
es sainteresoa<br />
40 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom bevri saerTaSoriso dokumenti<br />
gmob<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobas, am <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />
ganmsazRvreli terminis ganmarteba pirvelad<br />
2000 wlis noemberSi miiRo gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis organizaciam transnacionaluri organizebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>naSaulis winaaRmdeg konvenciis<br />
oqmSi `a<strong>da</strong>mianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
bavSvebis trefikingis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis, aRkve-<br />
Tisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjis Sesaxeb~.<br />
konvenciasa <strong>da</strong> mis or oqms xeli moawera<br />
saxelmwifoTa umravlesobam 2000 wlis dekemberSi<br />
gamarTul umaRlesi donis konferenciaze<br />
italiaSi, palermoSi. amitom am dokuments<br />
sxvagvarad palermos oqmsac uwodeben, Tavad<br />
konvencias ki <strong>–</strong> palermos konvencias.<br />
am dokumentis mixedviT, a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) Semdegnairad ganisazRvra:<br />
a) `a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWroba~ <strong>–</strong> eqspluataciis mizniT pirovnebis ga<strong>da</strong>bireba, ga<strong>da</strong>yvana,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>malva an miReba <strong>da</strong>SinebiT an sxva saxis ZaladobiT <strong>–</strong> gatacebiT, TaRliTobiT,<br />
motyuebiT, Zalauflebis an Seqmnili situaciis borotad gamoyenebiT, an mosyidviT,<br />
raTa miRebul iqnes pirisagan Tanxmoba moeqces sxva piris kontrolis qveS. eqspluataciis<br />
forma <strong>–</strong> iZulebiTi muSaoba an momsaxureba, monoba an monuri saxis mopyroba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>beCaveba an organoebis amokveTa.<br />
b) a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis Sedegad <strong>da</strong>zaralebulis Tanxmoba winaswar <strong>da</strong>gegmil eqspluataciaze,<br />
romelTa saxeebi `a~ punqtSia Camoyalibebuli, ar miiReba mxedvelobaSi,<br />
Tuki adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> `a~ punqtSi Camoyalibebuli nebismieri Zaladobis formas.<br />
g) ga<strong>da</strong>bireba, ga<strong>da</strong>yvana, ga<strong>da</strong>cema, ga<strong>da</strong>malva an bavSvis miReba eqspluataciis mizniT,<br />
miekuTvneba a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobas im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki es qmedeba ar aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
`a~ punqtiT gansazRvrul zemoqmedebis saxeebTan.<br />
d) `bavSvi~ niSnavs 18 wlamde asakis pirs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
moamzadeT plakati trefikingis Temaze. moifiqreT koncefcia <strong>–</strong> rogori iqneba<br />
am plakatis ZiriTadi sainformacio gzavnili <strong>–</strong> slogani? rogori iqneba fotos<br />
an naxatis ZiriTadi idea?
19. axalgazrdebis trefikingis<br />
msxverplad gaxdomis riskfaqtorebi<br />
axalgazrdebis trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis riskfaqtorebia:<br />
sazRvargareT swavlis, muSaobis, <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebis realuri SesaZleblobis<br />
Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba;<br />
rTuli ekonomikuri viTareba <strong>da</strong> amas <strong>da</strong>rTuli umuSevroba; axalgazrdebis<br />
samuSao gamocdilebis arqona;<br />
winaaRmdegoba axalgazrdebisaTvis wayenebul moTxovnebsa <strong>da</strong> maT SesaZleblobebs<br />
Soris. mediis, reklamebis, filmebis saSualebiT axalgazrdebi<br />
ecnobian cxovrebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva stils. xSirad televizorSi xe<strong>da</strong>ven<br />
cxovrebis iseT dones, romelic bevrad ukeTesia, vidre maTi cxovreba;<br />
axalgazrdoba nakleba<strong>da</strong>a informirebuli im sirTuleebisa <strong>da</strong> safrTxis<br />
Sesaxeb, rac <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sazRvargareT muSaobis nebarTvis aRebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> SromiTi xelSekrulebis gareSe samuSaod gamgzavrebasTan.<br />
axalgazrdebSi bevri mc<strong>da</strong>ri warmodgena arsebobs sazRvargareT gamgzavrebis<br />
saSualebebze. ganvixiloT ramdenime maTgani:<br />
aris mosazreba, rom wina<strong>da</strong>debas sazRvargareT<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis Sesaxeb, romelsac<br />
nacnobis, megobris an naTesavisagan vi-<br />
RebT, SegviZlia vendoT.<br />
Tu ucxoeTSi samsaxurs gTavazoben <strong>da</strong><br />
garwmuneben, rom TviTon an misi nacnobi<br />
asruleb<strong>da</strong> am samuSaos, sulac ar niSnavs<br />
imas, rom es sando SemoTavazebaa <strong>da</strong> Tqven<br />
safrTxe ar <strong>da</strong>gemuqrebaT. a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis<br />
(trefikingis) araerTi msxverpli aRiarebs,<br />
rom samuSao nacnobisagan SeTavazebuli<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debis safuZvelze airCia.<br />
amtkiceben, rom sazRvargareT fulis Sovna iolia.<br />
gaxsovdeT, ucxoeTSi samuSaos SeTavazebisas,<br />
Tu moqalaqes ar moeTxoveba <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis<br />
qveynis enis codna, Sesabamisi<br />
SromiTi unar-Cvevebis an muSaobis gamocdilebis<br />
qona, rogorc wesi, laparakia<br />
aralegalur <strong>da</strong>saqmebaze.<br />
realoba sxvagvaria. Tu samuSao aralegaluria, SesaZlebelia,<br />
moqalaqes ga<strong>da</strong>uxadon naklebi <strong>da</strong> aiZulon imu-<br />
Saos meti, vidre <strong>da</strong>hpirdnen, an saerTod ar ga<strong>da</strong>uxadon.<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom aralegalur muSaobas Tan axlavs is,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli cdilobs, rac SeiZleba meti mogeba<br />
naxos.<br />
41
irwmunebian, rom ucxoeTSi mcire xniT<br />
mu Saoba SeiZleba turistuli viziT <strong>da</strong><br />
muSaobis nebarTvis gareSe.<br />
rogorc wesi, sazRvargareT gamgzavrebamde<br />
aucilebelia, <strong>da</strong>mqiravebelTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>debuli samuSao xelSekrulebis safuZvelze<br />
<strong>da</strong>qiravebulma miiRos mis saxelze<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis qveyanaSi gacemuli muSaobis<br />
nebarTva. qveyanaSi Sesvla xdeba samuSao<br />
viziT.<br />
gaxsovdeT, turistuli viziT <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis<br />
qveyanaSi moqalaqeebs muSaobis<br />
ufleba ar gaaCniaT.<br />
42 p i r o v n u l i g a n v i T a r e b a<br />
irwmunebian, rom gancxadebiT<br />
SeTa va zebuli samuSao yovelTvis<br />
legaluria.<br />
rodesac firma an kerZo piri masobrivi<br />
informaciis saSualebebSi<br />
Riad akeTebs SeTavazebas <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
Taobaze, es ar niSnavs sando, legalur<br />
samuSaos.<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom gazeTi sarfianad yidis adgils reklamis ganTavsebisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, ar amowmebs reklamis SemkveTebs. gazeTSi erTdroulad<br />
SeiZleba ganTavsdes wina<strong>da</strong>deba legaluri, aralegaluri an Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
ararsebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb.<br />
hgoniaT, rom SromiTi xelSekrulebisa <strong>da</strong> mu-<br />
Saobis nebarTvis gaformebisTvis <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels<br />
sWirdeba moqalaqis pasporti.<br />
sinamdvileSi, <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels moqalaqis pasporti ar<br />
sWirdeba; mas moqalaqis pasportis TavisTan <strong>da</strong>tovebis<br />
ufleba ar aqvs.<br />
gaxsovdeT, mxolod oficialur pirebs aqvT pasportis moTxovnis ufleba.<br />
Tu <strong>da</strong>msaqmebeli iTxovs Tqvens pasports, <strong>da</strong>utoveT mxolod pasportis<br />
asli!
amtkiceben, rom moqalaqes SeuZlia uari<br />
Tqvas misTvis Seuferebel samuSaoze.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelsac Suamavlis an <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis<br />
vali aqvs an <strong>da</strong>rCa pasportis gareSe, an<br />
masze xorcieldeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis zewola,<br />
umweo mdgomareobaSi vardeba <strong>da</strong> iolad samar-<br />
Tavi xdeba.<br />
gaxsovdeT, aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
advilad veRar anebebs Tavs arasasurvel<br />
samuSaos.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT movaWreebi axalgazrdebis ga<strong>da</strong>sabireblad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTods<br />
mimarTaven. Tqveni azriT, qvemoT mocemuli ga<strong>da</strong>birebis saSualebebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
romels iyeneben isini xSirad, iSviaTad an arasodes? ga<strong>da</strong>ixazeT cxrili<br />
rveulSi <strong>da</strong> SeavseT.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>birebis saSualeba xSirad/iSviaTad/arasodes<br />
gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
gancxadeba<br />
Cati internetSi<br />
gacnobis internetportali<br />
nacnobebisa <strong>da</strong> megobrebis rCeva<br />
nacnobebi/megobrebi, romlebic<br />
muSaobdnen sazRvargareT<br />
<strong>axali</strong> nacnobi, romelic<br />
sazRvargareT samuSao adgilis<br />
povnaSi <strong>da</strong>xmarebas gpirdeba<br />
oficialuri informacia<br />
samuSaosa <strong>da</strong> swavlis SeTavazebis<br />
Sesaxeb sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva uwyebis<br />
vebgverdze<br />
43
44<br />
20. vin <strong>da</strong> rogor xdeba<br />
trefikingis msxverpli<br />
organizebul <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi CarTuli<br />
kriminaluri jgufebis mier<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis gziT miRebuli<br />
Semosavlis Se<strong>da</strong>reba SeiZleba<br />
mxolod narkotikebiTa <strong>da</strong> iaraRiT<br />
vaWrobiT miRebul mogebasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaroTi, weliwadSi 8<br />
miliard dolaramde aRwevs.<br />
rogorc ukve iciT, a<strong>da</strong>mianiT<br />
vaWrobis (trefikingis) ganmartebis<br />
Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>naSaulis pirveli fazaa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba, romelsac Semdgom<br />
transportireba, ga<strong>da</strong>cema, miReba<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos <strong>–</strong> eqspluatacia mosdevs.<br />
Zalian farToa im a<strong>da</strong>mianebis wre,<br />
vinc a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis gziT mogebas iRebs. am jaWvis pirvel rgols ga<strong>da</strong>mbirebeli<br />
warmoadgens. potenciuri msxverplis moZieba zogjer xdeba gazeTebSi,<br />
internetSi an informaciis sxva saSualebebSi sazRvargareT muSaobis an swavlis<br />
Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli gancxadebebis meSveobiT. sakomunikacio teqnologiebis<br />
ganviTarebam xelmisawvdomi gaxa<strong>da</strong> am mizniT internetresursebis gamoyenebac.<br />
saqarTveloSi a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) SemTxvevebis analizma<br />
gviCvena, rom, umravles SemTxvevaSi, msxverplis ga<strong>da</strong>bireba mox<strong>da</strong> nacnobebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> naTesavebis mier. es ga<strong>da</strong>birebis gansakuTrebiT <strong>da</strong>undobeli<br />
xerxia, radgan nacnobs xSirad Tval<strong>da</strong>xuWuli endobi.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba iTvaliswinebs pirovnebebis SerCevas a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobi-<br />
saTvis (trefikingisaTvis). pirs sTavazoben samuSaos, karg anazRaurebas,<br />
swavlas, zogjer fiqtiur qorwinebas <strong>da</strong> sxva. procesi, romlis Sedegad<br />
piri xdeba msxverpli, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SemTxvevaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairia, Tumca,<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs ga<strong>da</strong>birebis oTxi ZiriTadi meTodi:<br />
motaceba <strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>miani mihyavT Zalis gamoyenebiT, misi nebis sawinaaRm-<br />
degod;<br />
ZaliT ga<strong>da</strong>bireba <strong>–</strong> piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad mis winaaRmdeg iyene-<br />
ben Zalas an muqaras;<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba sruli motyuebiT <strong>–</strong> pirma saerTod araferi icis realuri<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb;<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba nawilobrivi motyuebiT <strong>–</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianma icis, rom saeWvo<br />
samuSaos sTavazoben, magram ver acnobierebs realur safrTxes <strong>da</strong><br />
eqspluataciis xarisxs.<br />
p pir r o vfn ue ls i i ug aln vi i Tga ra en bva i T r e b a
ga<strong>da</strong>birebis meTodebi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianiT movaWreebi a<strong>da</strong>mianTa ga<strong>da</strong>sabireblad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xerxs mimar-<br />
Taven <strong>da</strong> cdiloben, moipovon TavianTi msxverplis ndoba. SeuZlebelia ga<strong>da</strong>birebis<br />
yvela meTodis CamoTvla, radgan rac ufro izrdeba sazogadoebis<br />
informirebuloba a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb, miT ufro ixveweba <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveTa<br />
meTodebi.<br />
`cocxali saqonlis~ xelSi Casagdebad a<strong>da</strong>mianiT movaWreebi ukan araferze<br />
ixeven, itaceben msxverpls Zalis gamoyenebiT an Zalis gamoyenebis muqariT,<br />
SantaJiT, motyuebiT, sakuTari mdgomareobis borotad gamoyenebiT an a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
umweo mdgomareobiT sargebloben.<br />
potenciur msxverpls sTavazoben muSaobas<br />
Sinamosamsaxured, <strong>da</strong>mlageblad, ZiZad, moxuc-<br />
Ta momvlelad, mocekvaved, modelad, mimtanad,<br />
soflis meurneobaSi an mSeneblobaze <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mbirebeli potenciur msxvepls iol samu-<br />
Saos, karg anazRaurebas, ucxo qveynis naxvas <strong>da</strong><br />
saintereso cxovrebas hpirdeba. umetes SemTxvevaSi,<br />
msxverpls ar moeTxoveba kvalifikaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli dokumenti <strong>da</strong> samuSao gamocdileba,<br />
arc ucxo enis codna.<br />
rogorc wesi, ga<strong>da</strong>mbirebeli msxverpls arwmunebs,<br />
rom mas SeuZlia umal <strong>da</strong>tovos samu-<br />
Sao adgili, Tu pirobebi ar <strong>da</strong>akmayofilebs.<br />
xSiria SemoTavazeba samgzavro dokumentebis,<br />
vizebis, bileTebis, xelSekrulebebis<br />
swrafad <strong>da</strong> Seuferxeblad gaformebis, zogjer<br />
ki mgzavrobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli yvela<br />
xarjis `uangarod~ <strong>da</strong>farvis Taobaze, rac<br />
sabolood msxverpls edeba valad.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bireba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc jgufis,<br />
aseve calkeuli piris <strong>–</strong> magaliTad, mocekvaveTa<br />
jgufis an mSenebelTa brigadis SegrovebiT an<br />
nacnobis (megobris, an naTesavisac ki) meSveobiTY<br />
an SemTxveviTi (magaliTad, gazeTSi gancxadebis)<br />
gziT.<br />
45
46<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mbirebeli yovelTvis araa TqvenTvis ucnobi piri. is SesaZloa iyos<br />
Tqveni naTesavi, mezobeli, nacnobi an megobari.<br />
Tu Suamavali piri an kompania ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebis <strong>da</strong>gegmvaSi gexmarebaT:<br />
gaarkvieT ucxoeTSi Tqvens sacxovrebelTan yvelaze axlomdebare Tqveni<br />
qveynis saelCos an sakonsulos misamarTi <strong>da</strong> telefonis nomeri;<br />
winaswar gaarkvieT im adgilis saxelwodeba, misamarTi <strong>da</strong> telefonis nomeri,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c apirebT gaCerebas. SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad, <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdiT Tqvens<br />
momaval <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels telefoniT an fostiT, raTa ga<strong>da</strong>amowmoT samuSao<br />
adgilis namdviloba, aseve <strong>da</strong>azusteT Tqveni xelfasisa <strong>da</strong> sacxovrebeli<br />
pirobebis sakiTxic;<br />
momavali <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblis an kompaniis sandoobis xarisxis <strong>da</strong>zustebis mizniT,<br />
gamgzavrebamde <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdiT Sesabamis samsaxurebs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis Taobaze legaluri <strong>da</strong> aralegaluri wina<strong>da</strong>debebi, upirveles<br />
yovlisa, gansxvavdeba Tavisi SinaarsiT. aralegaluri wina<strong>da</strong>debebi xSirad<br />
Sedgenilia naCqarevad <strong>da</strong> ar aris mkafiod Camoyalibebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong>fiqrebis droc ar rCeba. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, yvela aucilebeli moqmedeba<br />
swrafad <strong>da</strong> zedmeti formalobis gareSe xorcieldeba. ara<strong>da</strong>, legaluri<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmeba iTxovs sakmaod bevr dros <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli dokumentaciis ufro<br />
gul<strong>da</strong>smiT momzadebasa <strong>da</strong> gaformebas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>imaxsovreT!<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmebelTa umravlesoba kontraqtis <strong>da</strong>debas SemogTavazebT.<br />
sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod gaecaniT kontraqts <strong>da</strong> mxolod amis Semdeg moawereT<br />
xeli. Tu gaurkvevlad mogeCvenaT kontraqtis romelime punqti, gaacaniT<br />
igi iurists, arasamTavrobo organizacias an pirs, romelsac endobiT.<br />
ar endoT potenciur <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels, romelic ucxoeTSi gasamgzavreblad<br />
turistuli vizis miRebaSi <strong>da</strong>xmarebas <strong>da</strong>gpirdebaT.
axalgazrdebi xSirad monawileoben gacvliT programebSi, rac maT profesiul<br />
ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> ucxo enis <strong>da</strong>uflebas uwyobs xels. magaliTad, ZiZebis<br />
programa axalgazrdebisTvis sazRvargareT gamgzavrebis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
popularuli xerxia. aseT programebs propagan<strong>da</strong>s xSirad skolebsa <strong>da</strong> universitetebSi<br />
uweven.<br />
rogorc wesi, gacvliTi programebi Sesabamisi nebarTviT xorcieldeba,<br />
magram xSirad aseT programebs axorcieleben romelime saerTaSoriso programis<br />
safarqveS. axalgazrdul gacvliT programaSi CarTvamde rekomendebulia<br />
sando <strong>da</strong> amomwuravi informaciis miReba.<br />
waikiTxeT, <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreT <strong>da</strong> urCieT sxvasac:<br />
dRes interneti informaciis miRebis saukeTeso wyaroa,<br />
magram internetis arasworad sargeblobisas SesaZloa bavSvebs<br />
seriozuli safrTxe SeeqmnaT. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>mna-<br />
Saveebi internets sakuTari zraxvebis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
iyeneben. <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi Sedian saymawvilo internetforumebze,<br />
ecnobian bavSvebs <strong>da</strong> keTilganwyobis mopovebis sakuTari, kargad<br />
SemuSavebuli xerxebiT iolad iTanxmeben maT Sexvedraze,<br />
Semdeg ki axerxeben maT <strong>da</strong>yoliebas ama Tu im SeTavazebaze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebulia a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa internetis<br />
meSveobiT ga<strong>da</strong>birebis SemTxvevebi.<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> moiqceT?<br />
Tavi SeikaveT ucnobisaTvis Tqven Sesaxeb informaciis, maT Soris, saxelis,<br />
saxlis, skolis misamarTis an telefonis nomrisa <strong>da</strong> eleqtronuli fostis<br />
misamarTis miwodebisgan;<br />
Tu gacnobis internetportalSi <strong>da</strong>megobrebul ucnobebTan pirispir Sexvedras<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetT, umjobesia, Sexvedraze mozrdilebTan erTad waxvideT;<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>umowmeblad nu <strong>da</strong>ujerebT <strong>da</strong>pirebas <strong>da</strong> SemoTavazebas sazRvargareT<br />
swavlisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebis Taobaze.<br />
internetiT sargeblobis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva uzrunvelyofs Tqvensave usafrTxoebas!<br />
47
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