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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti<br />
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
2<br />
<strong>Vazha</strong>-<strong>Pshavela</strong> <strong>150</strong><br />
Anniversary Collection<br />
Tbilisi 2011
vaJa-fSavela <strong>150</strong><br />
saiubileo krebuli<br />
Tbilisi 2011<br />
3
UDC(uak) 891.353.1.092[vaJa-fSavela]<br />
v-192<br />
4<br />
SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondi<br />
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation<br />
aRniSnuli proeqti (N vef/1/1 – 20/11). ganxorcielda SoTa<br />
rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.<br />
winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis<br />
avtors da SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fondis Sexedulebebs.<br />
This project has been made possible by financial support from the Shota<br />
Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant N vef/1/1 – 20/11). All ideas expressed<br />
herewith are those of the author, and may not represent the opinion of the<br />
Foundation itself. www.rustaveli.org.ge<br />
ufaso gamocema<br />
redaqtori<br />
irma ratiani<br />
saredaqcio kolegia:<br />
amiran arabuli<br />
maka elbaqiZe<br />
nana fruiZe<br />
teqnikuri redaqtori<br />
miranda tyeSelaSvili<br />
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa<br />
TinaTin duglaZe<br />
mxatvari<br />
nodar sumbaZe<br />
ISBN 978-9941-0-3970-6<br />
© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2011
Sinaarsi<br />
winaTqma.......................................................................................................7<br />
nawili I<br />
Semoqmedis erTi teqsti<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
Svlis nukris naambobi......................................................................11<br />
Vaja-Pchavéla<br />
Le récit d’un chevreuil<br />
(Traduction Gaston Bouatchidzé).............................................................20<br />
<strong>Vazha</strong>-<strong>Pshavela</strong><br />
The Story Told by a Fawn<br />
(Translated by Mary Childs) ....................................................................29<br />
nawili II<br />
vaJa-fSavela <strong>150</strong><br />
zaza abzianiZe<br />
vaJa—fSavela<br />
(literaturuli portreti) .........................................................39<br />
eliso kalandariSvili<br />
bibliuri paradigmatikisa da<br />
saxismetyvelebis Taviseburebani<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi.........................................................63<br />
Tamar barbaqaZe<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `Rame mTaSi~ da `vefxistyaosani~<br />
(poeziis bunebriobis sakiTxisaTvis).........................................76<br />
manana kvaWantiraZe<br />
Sexvedris koncepti vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi...........................83<br />
manana kvataia<br />
logosis paradigmatika da<br />
vaJa-fSavelas fenomeni.................................................................104<br />
5
nona kupreiSvili<br />
vaJas `suleTi~, rogorc<br />
cirkularuli drois toposi......................................................116<br />
rusudan canava<br />
arqauli ritualis asaxva<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi..................................................................126<br />
eka CxeiZe<br />
fausturi paradigma xalxur eposSi `eTeriani~<br />
da vaJa-fSavelas poemaSi `eTeri~..................................................144<br />
amiran arabuli<br />
mTis, arwivisa da aragvis realuri da<br />
simboluri ganzomilebani vaJa-fSavelas<br />
mxatvrul naazrevSi........................................................................151<br />
levan bregaZe<br />
rainer kirSi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb..........................................169<br />
giorgi cocaniZe<br />
kvlav dialeqtizmebis sakiTxisaTvis<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi.......................................................179<br />
esma mania<br />
saarqivo-personificirebuli<br />
informacia _ vaJa-fSavelas<br />
fsiqologiuri portretis kvlevis wyaro.............................195<br />
eTer qavTaraZe<br />
vaJa-fSavelas arqivi<br />
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi....................................................207<br />
rostom CxeiZe<br />
mindia _ bedi Semoqmedisa...........................................................214<br />
nawili III<br />
rCeuli anotirebuli bibliografia...........................................245<br />
pirTa saZiebeli...................................................................................322<br />
6
winaTqma<br />
vaJa-fSavela aris `geniosis~ klasikuri nimuSi, is unikaluri<br />
SemTxveva, rodesac adamianis dabadebasa Tu arsebobaSi gan-<br />
RmrTobilobis didebuleba igrZnoba. Carglis mTebSi Cakarguli,<br />
naxevrad gadaqceuli sadgomis kedlebSi lukma-purisaTvis<br />
mebrZoli da Sromisagan dakoJrebuli xelebiT dawerili `kosmopolitizmi<br />
da patriotizmi~ iseTive SesaZlebeli SeuZleblobiT<br />
elvarebs, rogorc dayruebuli beTxovenis mier gawyobili<br />
`mTvaris sonata~. rogor xdeba es? sad aris aq logika? an<br />
Rirs ki logikis Zieba iq, sadac RvTiuri prevalirebs?<br />
vaJa-fSavelas dabadebidan xangrZlivi <strong>150</strong> weli gasrulda,<br />
misi Semoqmedebis mniSvneloba ki wlidan wlamde izrdeba da<br />
sazRvrebs ifarTovebs: is aris Seucvleli niSansveti qarTuli<br />
kulturisa da azrovnebis istoriisa, romlis Rvawlic, misive<br />
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, imdenadve sasargebloa kacobriobisaTvis,<br />
ramdenadac sasargeblo da gonivrulia samSoblosaTvis<br />
(`kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi”). vaJa-fSavelam icxovra da<br />
iRvawa ara marto Tavisi qveynis kulturisa da literaturis,<br />
aramed _ msoflio kulturisa da literaturis sakeTildReod;<br />
misi naazrevi erTnairad saintereso da mniSvnelovania qar-<br />
Tvelisa Tu araqarTvelisaTvis, am samyaroSi mcxovrebi yoveli<br />
adamianisaTvis, visac ki humanizmis, zneobriobis, adamianis bunebasTan<br />
Tanaziarobis, sarwmunoebrivi simtkicis, nacionaluri<br />
da internacionaluri interesebis Rirebuli integraciisa<br />
swams da sjera. vaJa-fSavelas fenomeni azris sruliad gansxvavebul<br />
Senakadebs amTlianebs, uamrav Wrilsa da waxnags moicavs,<br />
ganfenils problemebisa da safiqralis ukidegano sivrceSi.<br />
vaJa-fSavela qarTveli geniosia _ msoflio kulturuli<br />
azrovnebis qarTuli landSafti, romelTa warmodgenac uer-<br />
TmaneTod SeuZlebelia!<br />
7
swored mas eZRvneba SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis<br />
institutSi momzadebuli saiubileo krebuli, ukve mesame am<br />
seriaSi (`ilia WavWavaZe 170~, `sulxan-saba orbeliani 350~). krebuli<br />
originaluri koncefciiTa da struqturiT gamoirCeva _<br />
is sami mniSvnelovani monakveTisagan Sedgeba: nawili I. `Semoqmedis<br />
erTi teqsti~, romelSic pirvelad qarTveli mkiTxvelis<br />
winaSe, vaJa-fSavelas Sedevris _ `Svlis nukris naambobi~ _<br />
originalur teqstTan erTad warmodgenilia misi frangul da<br />
inglisurenovani Targmanebi, Sesrulebuli, Sesabamisad, baton<br />
gaston buaCiZisa (safrangeTi) da qalbaton meri Cildsis (aSS)<br />
mier; nawili II. `vaJa-fSavela <strong>150</strong>~, romlSic mwerlis cxovrebisa<br />
da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb warmoebuli Tanamedrove samecniero<br />
kvlevebia ganTavsebuli; nawili III. `vaJa-fSavelas rCeuli anotirebuli<br />
bibliografia~, romelic moicavs anotirebul CamonaTvals<br />
rogorc vaJa-fSavelas gamoqveynebuli Txzulebebis,<br />
ise _ mis Sesaxeb dawerili sxvadasxva xasiaTis gamokvlevebisa.<br />
krebulis Semdgenlebi da avtorebi miznad isaxavdnen vaJafSavelas<br />
Semoqmedebis wardginebas Tanamedrove epoqis mkiTxvelisaTvis,<br />
romelsac uTuod daainteresebs mwerlis aRiarebuli<br />
teqstis axali Targmanebi, rogorc saukeTeso gza interkulturuli<br />
komunikaciebis gaRrmavebisaken, da Tanamedrove<br />
filologiuri standartebiT Sesrulebuli samecniero kvlevebi,<br />
romlebic avlens dRevandeli qarTuli literaturaTmcodneobiTi<br />
skolis farTo SesaZleblobebs.<br />
imeds vitovebT, rom krebulis TiToeuli monakveTi mkiTxvelis<br />
yuradRebasa da mowonebas daimsaxurebs, xolo vaJafSavelas<br />
cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis interpretaciis istorias<br />
kidev erTi sagulisxmo naSromi Seemateba.<br />
8<br />
irma ratiani
nawili I<br />
Semoqmedis erTi teqsti<br />
9
Svlis nukris naambobi<br />
I<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
pawawa var, oboli. bedma damibriyva: cud dros davobldi.<br />
tanzed macvia patara, moklebewviani, TeTris TvlebiT mowinwkluli<br />
Txeli qaTibi. jer rqebi da kbilebi ar amomsvlia, Cliqebic<br />
ar gammagrebia.<br />
gzadakarguli davdivar. ai, daxedeT Cems sisxlians fexsa, _<br />
es, wylis dasalevad rom Cavedi xevSi, maSin vitkine... guli miwuxs...<br />
guli... sabralo dedaCemi! manam deda myvanda cocxali,<br />
sul alersSi vyvandi: ZuZus mawovebda, mialersebda, mafrTxilebda.<br />
raRa meSveleba me sabralos exla! ZuZus aRara vwov, mxolod<br />
balaxis namsa vsutav diliT da saRamoTi, rodesac namia, da<br />
rZis ndomas imiTi viklav. upatrono rom var, sul meSinian, vkankaleb,<br />
mudam dRe sikvdils veli, gzaareuli davexetebi... Rmer-<br />
To, ramdeni mteri gvyavs!<br />
weRan velis pirad gavedi daRonebuli... iqiT-aqeT Tvals vavlebdi.<br />
uceb Cems Tavzed Weqa gaisma. avixede maRla: mxrebSekum-<br />
Suli, niskartdaRebuli, uzarmazari lega frinveli modioda<br />
pirdapir Cemken. me, SeSinebuli, tyeSi gadavxti. wamovida is wyeuli<br />
frinveli, tani veRar Seimagra da Cems nadgom adgils daeca.<br />
Jruanteli mivlis, rodesac imisi mokakuli niskarti da almasiviT<br />
brWyalebi magondeba. pirdapir movida da, iq rom ar<br />
davxvdi, balaxebzeda da mayvlovanzed mxrebiT tylaSuni gaadina.<br />
miavl-moavlo sazareli yviTeli Tvalebi, ewyina Cemi gaqceva,<br />
aiwia, Zlivs ganTavisuflda, kinaRam mayvlebSi Caeba. me erTs<br />
xes vefare da iqidam gulis fancqaliT calis TvaliT gavyurebdi.<br />
11
genacvale, tyeo! Sen bevrs mSveli, Torem aqamdis Cemis qaTibis<br />
bewvic ar iqneboda! guli meubneba, mtris msxverplad gavxdebi.<br />
jer me gamoucdeli var, mxolod erTi kvira viyavi dedas-<br />
Tan. is maswavlida, vin iyo Cemi mteri da vin mokeTe. exla vinRa<br />
maswavlis? sul SambSi vwvebi, vimalebi, mumlisa da koRoebisagan<br />
mosveneba aRara maqvs. dedasTan kargad vcxovrobdi, Tavisuflad<br />
vsunTqavdi...<br />
me da dedaCemi, ager tyiani seri rom wamowolila da aqeTiqiT<br />
xevebi Caudis, iq vcxovrobdiT, mudam daCrdilulni gaburulis<br />
tyiT; uxvedri iyo Cveni bina. dedaCemi dawveboda xolme<br />
gorakze, me gverdiT movuwvebodi. samive mxridam xeebi gvefara,<br />
_ meoTxes TiTon gaiyureboda. xandaxan yurebs daacqvetda, me<br />
Sevyurebdi da vbaZavdi imis qcevas, Cems patara yurebsac avcqvetdi.<br />
samjer uCveulebrio xmauroba Semogvesma: is ara<br />
hgvanda arc wylis Cxrials, romelic mudam mesmis, arc SaSvis<br />
faCuns, arc kodalas rakuns, arc kidev xmelis xis wveridam Camovardnil<br />
totis raxuns da arc niavisagan gaSrialebul foTlebis<br />
xmas... es SevniSne me: rawams am ucxo xmas gaigonebda<br />
dedaCemi, ze wamovardeboda da metyoda: `Svilo! momye, me momyeo!..~<br />
gaiqceoda da mec mivxtodi, rac Zali da Rone mqonda; arc<br />
vicodi da arc mesmoda, Tu vis ufrTxoda. exla ki vici... oh, ramdeni<br />
mteri gvyavs! oh, adamiano!.. ratom ar gebralebi me, patara?<br />
ratom ar maZlev Tavisuflebas, rom guldasvenebulma Tavisuflad<br />
viaro, vTelo lamazi mwvane balaxi, gadavdge serzed da<br />
davstkbe saRamos niavis sioTi?!<br />
ver gavcilebivar tyes. Tu gavedi velad, unda tyis pirs ar<br />
movscilde, _ maSinac naxevari sicocxle makldeba! sul aqeTiqiT<br />
unda viyuro, vefaro xeebs, kldeebs, balaxebsa da kankaliT<br />
vWamo saWmeli, SiSisagan zezeurad unda davdne!.. ras giSaveb,<br />
adamiano, miTxari, ras? ra dagiSava sabralo dedaCemma, ra<br />
Segisva, ra SegiWama, rom mohkali da upatronod damagde, damaoble?!<br />
oh, adamianebo! Tqven xerxsa da Roneze xarT daimede-<br />
12
ulni da Cveni javri ara gaqvsT... ara hgrZnobT, rom Cvenc<br />
gviyvars Tavisufleba, ara hgrZnobT Tqvenis Seubralebelis<br />
guliT, rom Cvenc gviyvars sicocxle, buneba: foTlis Sriali,<br />
wylis Cqriali, romelsac sulganabuli egre xSirad yurs vugdeb<br />
xolme, balaxis bibini da tyis cxovelebTan erTad navardoba...<br />
Sen ki, oh, adamiano!.. Tvalebdasisxlianebuli, gafacicebuli<br />
dameZeb me da Cems fers sustsa da upatronos aTass sxvas...<br />
iaraRi gaqvs, mogveparebi, muxTlad gvkrav tyvias da gamogvasalmeb<br />
wuTisofels...<br />
II<br />
rogor ar unda meSinodes?.. jer sul erTi kviraa, rac me wu-<br />
Tisofels vxedav, da ramdeni SiSi da vaeba gamoviare! guSinwin<br />
wvimiani dRe iyo. sicocxliTa da simSvenieriT aRsavse dedaCemi<br />
wiflis gverdzed idga da gemrielad icoxneboda... mec gverdiT<br />
vudeqi, mixaroda dedasTan dgoma, mteri da sikvdili arc ki<br />
magondeboda dedis imediT. xSiris foTlebidam wvimis nami kamkamiT<br />
Camodioda... me Tavs vuSverdi, rom sasiamovno wveTebs<br />
gavegrilebine.<br />
_ ar giama, Svilo? _ mkiTxavda deda.<br />
me Tavs vuqnevdi da vxtodi, xan ZuZuebSi vburCnidi.<br />
Cven win erT xmel xes garSemo kodala evleboda da ise magra<br />
ukakunebda, rom mikvirda, _ dedaCemi amodenaa da ar SeuZlian<br />
egre tyis gaxmaureba, rogorc am patara Cits-meTqi! uvlida<br />
garSemo xes fexebis fxakuniT da xan erTsa da xan meore adgilas<br />
Cahkravda niskarts... kodalas celqobas me sixaruliT Sevyurebdi;<br />
uceb `Cxi!~ `Cxi!~ momesma. movixede gverdze: Tavzed erTi<br />
Cxikvi gvevleboda. `Tavi momafareo, _ miTxra dedaCemma: _<br />
Torem Cxikvi Tvalebs dagTxriso!..~ me Tavi movafare. dedaCemi<br />
igeriebda TaviT im saZagels. Cxikvi Cemken iwevda; bevri icodvila,<br />
mere dagvaneba Tavi, Tavmokatunebuli wiflis totze Ses-<br />
13
kupda da mohyva knavils. imisi xma swored Cems xmasa hgvanda.<br />
dedas gaecina da miTxra:<br />
_ didi eSmaki ramea, Svilo, eg Cxikvi, gaufrTxildi!.. Senis-<br />
Tana patara nukrebs Zlier emtereba, Svilo... krusunsa da knavils<br />
mohyveba da axlo-maxlo rom SenisTana briyvi da gamoucdeli<br />
nukri Sexvdes, bans miscems, gadaeZraxneba. magasac is unda:<br />
miaxteba da Tvalebs gamosCiCqnis!..<br />
me tanSi Jruantelma damiara...<br />
_ xmasac ar gavcem, davemalebi maSinaTve!<br />
_ ho, egre, egre, Svilo! manam deda cocxali gyavs, nu SegeSindeba;<br />
roca me aRar geyolebi, maSin sifrTxile gmarTebs!<br />
oh, ramdeni gamocdileba maklia jer kidev me, sacodavsa!..<br />
14<br />
III<br />
erTxel Zlier dacxa. dedaCemi sawolidam adga da miTxra,<br />
wyalze wavideTo. wavediT, davyeviT wvrilians sers, CaviareT<br />
Sambze da CavediT xevSi. xevi Rrma iyo, mzis sxivebi ver Caswvdomoda,<br />
aqeT-iqiT napirebze xeebi erTmaneTze gadakvanZuliyo<br />
wverebiT. xis Zirebze, iqve xevis pirad, Jolis fexebi iyo amosuli,<br />
wiTlad Tavi daexaraT da gadmohyurebden wylis denas.<br />
civi, ankara xevi moCuxCuxebda galipuls qvebze, erTis kldidam<br />
meoreze gadadioda da gubdeboda. dedaCemi mivida da Cadga Sig<br />
gubeSi. me Zlivs davdiodi qvebze, Cliqebi mtkioda.<br />
_ modi, Svilo, Cadeq wyalSi, saamuria sicxeSi wyalSi dgoma.<br />
me mivedi da krZalviT Cavsdgi jer erTi fexi; wyali saSinlad<br />
civi iyo da gadmovxti isev ukan.<br />
_ civia, ar SemiZlian dgoma.<br />
_ araferi giSavs, unda exlave SeeCvio, Svilo!<br />
cota xani davdeqi wyalSi da mere gamovbrundiT ukan. Cvens<br />
zeviT nakafianebSi xmauroba ismoda.
_ eg saSiSi xalxi ar aris, _ miTxra dedam: _ erTi dedakaci<br />
da patara balRia. Cveni mteri egre ara yviris. Cven mainc<br />
sifrTxile gvmarTebs: ese wvrilianze aviaroT, velis pirad nu<br />
gamovCndebiT, nu davenaxvebiT.<br />
dedaCemi win wavida. me gulma ar momiTmina da gavxede; tani<br />
davmale, mxolod Tavi gamovaCine. am dros qveidam xma momesma:<br />
`vai, vai, dedilo, mgeli, dedilojan, mgeli!~<br />
_ nu geSinian, Svilo, genacvale. aba, sad aris, damanaxveo? _<br />
hkiTxavda deda.<br />
_ age, yurebi ar gadmoucqvetia, adamiano, tyidam! _ Tvalcremliani<br />
uCvenebda bavSvi TiTiT Cemze.<br />
_ ui, Sen ki genacvalos deda, mgeli ki ar aris, Svlis nukria,<br />
Svilo! qa, ra lamazia!<br />
_ daviWiroT, Seni Wirimeo, _ eubneboda patara dedas da<br />
Tan mouTmenlad emzadeboda Cemken gamosaqcevad.<br />
_ ara, genacvalos deda, codoa, Svilo, rogor iqneba, gana<br />
magas ara hyavs deda! xom unda itiros iman Tavis Svilzed!<br />
me sulganabuli yurs vugdebdi da miama, rom gavigone erTaderTi<br />
sityva Cvenis Sebralebisa. me kidev mindoda yuri megdo,<br />
magram dedaCemi dabrunebuliyo, moirbina da miTxra:<br />
_ hai, Se briyvo, gjera, rasac egeni amboben?! ras uyureb<br />
iqa? wavideT Cqara, momye! egeni wavlen, aswavlian monadires<br />
Cvens binas da gamogvasalmebineben sicocxles.<br />
sabralo dedaCemi winaTve hgrZnobda, rom ise iqneboda.<br />
IV<br />
SekuntruSda dedaCemi, SevkuntruSdi mec da gavswieT zeiTken<br />
skup-skupiT. sul bolo dros mxolod esRa gavigone: `ui,<br />
dedac iqa hyoliao!~<br />
SevudeqiT Sambians, buerians gverdobs. bueris Zirebi civis<br />
wyaroebiT iyo morwyuli. aqa-iq lafze etyoboda Cemsaeb patara<br />
15
nukris nafexurebi. saSinlad cxeloda. vswuxdiT. davweqiT buerebSi.<br />
imisi ganieri foTlebi ar gvakarebden mwvave mzis sxivebs.<br />
uceb gareSemo Semortymul mTebis wverebidam amocvivden<br />
Rrublebi, Seiyarnen erTad. cam daigriala, iWeqa, elva<br />
gaiklakna.<br />
wvima svet-svetad Camodga gaRma serebze, male Cvens gareSemoc<br />
xis foTlebsa da nametnavad buerebze daiwyo tlaSa-tluSi.<br />
iseTi xmauroba dadga, TiTqos tye da mTa-bari iqceoda. yvela<br />
suldgmulma xma gakminda: Citebi veRar hbedavden WikWiks, celqobas...<br />
saZageli Cxikvi, romelic ise maSinebda winad, exla srulebiT<br />
ar meCvena ise sazareli; damjdariyo wiflis Simelaze,<br />
miexuWa Tvalebi da niskartidam cingli Camosdioda, mxrebi sacodavad<br />
CamoeSva. imis axlos ijda gulwiTeli Citi, `wiflis-<br />
Cita~, uwyinari, uvnebeli, Rabua. mSvenivrad miexuWa Tvalebi!<br />
mofrinda `wiprana~ da `wrip, wrip!~ SesZaxa. Cxikvs SeeSinda,<br />
gaaxila Tvalebi, gauskda guli, miaskda xan iqiT, xan aqeT, uSno<br />
`Cxii, Cxis!~ ZaxiliT. me gamecina. winaT yvelazed Ronieri is megona,<br />
exla ki gavige, rac Svili brZanebula.<br />
gadaiquxa. Citebma morTes erTxmad simRera. balaxebma da xis<br />
foTlebma sixarulis cremls dauwyes frqveva. dedaCems nawvimze<br />
siaruli uyvarda... wavidoda velad da mec Tan gamiyoliebda.<br />
exlac wavediT, SevudeqiT velis pirebs, gavswieT mTisken, tkbili<br />
xma ismoda salamurisa. mTis Zirze gaSliliyo cxvari da<br />
tkbilad sZovda axlad danamuls balaxs. mze goris piras iyo<br />
Camaluli naxevramde. imisi mkrTali sxivebi mxolod mTebisa da<br />
tyis wverebs eTxoveboda.<br />
goris pirze zeviT mxriv ijda nabadwamoxveuli mecxvare da<br />
Seeqceoda salamurs. imis gverdiT wamoyuntebuliyo banjRvliani,<br />
sazareli Sesaxedavi ZaRli; cocxlad ayolebda Tvalebs<br />
cxvris faras da xandaxan aCerdeboda alersianad Tavis patrons.<br />
_ cuds adgilas movediTo, _ miTxra dedaCemma, _ mecxvare<br />
uiaraRoa, imisi nu SegeSindeba, magram is ZaRli daiyris Cvens<br />
16
suns, da iqneba gamogvekidoso. mobrundi ukan. Tvali geWiros:<br />
Tu Cvensken gamoiqca, me davenaxvebi da Sen balaxebSi Caimaleo.<br />
_ Cvens danaxvaze cxvari wafrTxa da daiwyo Cvenken yureba. me<br />
xSirisa da daberebulis arjakelis grovaSi Cavimale da ar va-<br />
Sorebdi Tvals im kudbuTqva ZaRls... cxvris dafrTxoba da ZaRlis<br />
wkmutuni erTi iyo. scqvita yurebi da gamoeqana Cemken...<br />
mecxvarem dagvca kivili. me avkankaldi. dedaCems Seaswro<br />
Tvali da gaeqana imisken. dedaCemi gasrialda da erTs wams damekarga<br />
Tvalidam. cremli momeria, guli momikvda; vaime, dedav,<br />
Tu dagiWiros mag wyeulma! didi xani mesmoda braga-brugi da<br />
xevidam qvebis Cxriali.<br />
vaime, Tu daiWira dedaCemi da Tavis almasis kbilebiT swews!<br />
dabindda. mecxvarem moustvina cxvars da Seayola binisaken.<br />
gulis fancqaliT vadevnebdi Tvals imis moZraobas. sawyals<br />
cxvrebs scemda zogs didis kombliT da zogs qvebs esroda. erTs<br />
patara Cemodena batkans miartya qva, sabralo waiqca da sacodavad<br />
daiwyo fexebis qneva. mecxvare avida zeviT da dauwyo Zaxili<br />
`yurSias~. cotaxans Semdeg cis tatanze ∗ davinaxe, rom imisi<br />
yurSia, wiTel-enagadmogdebuli, edga patrons gverdiT.<br />
me meSinoda: vin icis, Cemi dedis sisxliT aqvs-meTqi gamuruli<br />
laS-piri. dabnelda, daukuneTda. xmauroba aRarsaidam ismoda.<br />
ra iqna dedaCemi? iqneba veRar mipovos, Tu cocxalia?<br />
cota xans Semdeg xavili Semomesma. dediCemis xmasa hgvanda.<br />
mec gavexmaure. sabralo aforTqlebuli moiWra CemTan.<br />
_ aqa xar, Svilo? nu geSinian, Seni deda cocxalia. ZaRli da<br />
mgeli verafers daakleben... cocxali xaro? _ mkiTxavda.<br />
_ cocxali var, _ vupasuxe me.<br />
mialersa dedam... neta vis Sevtiro, vis Sevexvewo, vin aris<br />
iseTi Zalumi, rom dediCemis TvalebSi Camaxedos, damatkbos<br />
imis alersiT.<br />
∗ horizonts eZaxis xalxi.<br />
17
ogor unda movinelo es javri? neta sisxlis msmels mters<br />
mec movekali! risTvis davrCi me cocxali?!<br />
winadRes cocxals, mSvenebiT savses Cems nugeSs Sevstrfodi,<br />
da ra momagonebda, Tu meore dRes damekargeboda samudamod!<br />
18<br />
V<br />
mTeli Rame davdiodiT velze. aRar gveSinoda; gavediT svil-<br />
Si da tkbilad SeveqceodiT. Teneba daiwyo, miviqeciT tyeSi. wyeuli<br />
iyos im dRis gaTeneba! velzed sqlad iwva balaxi. velSi<br />
idga ori-sami Ziri bali; jguf-jgufad exveoden Citebi, SaSvebi;<br />
Jivil-xivili ismoda; zogni modioden da zogni midioden, miezideboden<br />
SvilebisTvis sazrdos. dedam gamafrTxila da miTxra:<br />
saSiSia am dros siaruli, Cveni mteri nawvimze dagveZebs, aqeTiqiT<br />
Tvali geWiroso.<br />
es iyo ukanaskneli gafrTxileba dediCemisagan. dedaCemi<br />
swuxda, TiTqos sikvdilsa hgrZnobda. mohkvnetda erTs fo-<br />
Tols da gauyuCdeboda.<br />
Cvens zeviT iyo dgnalebi, erTmaneTze miwyobiT amosuli.<br />
imaT win idga sami Tu oTxi SekumSuli da awurwutebuli aryi.<br />
uceb, rogorc cis Weqam, igriala Tofma, imis xmam daiara<br />
mTebi da kldeebi. xis foTlebma da mcenareebma kankali daiwyes,<br />
boli gaerTxa namians balaxze. dedaCemma erTi ki amoikvnesa da<br />
waiqca. vaime! me iqve gavisxipe. dedaCemi migoravda, vxedavdi,<br />
Tavqve da sisxlians kvals stovebda balaxze. aryebis ukanidam<br />
gamoxta axalgazrda biWi, lega Coxis kalTebi aekvalTa. `gaumarjoso!”<br />
daiZaxa da saswrafos wkrialiT gamoekida dedaCems<br />
ukan. sawyali dedaCemi cdilobda adgomas, wamoiwevda xolme,<br />
magram isev Caixveoda muxlebSi, daecemoda da gagordeboda. me<br />
movkvdi, tanSi daviSale, rodesac SeCvenebulma monadirem amoiZro<br />
priala xanjali da gamouso dedas yelSi. sisxlma ifeTqa<br />
da gadaerwyia xeebze. vahme! sul cxadad vxedavdi, magram riTi
vuSvelidi me, sacodavi?! ager ZuZuebze, im ZuZuebzed, romlebsac<br />
me vwovdi, dauso xanjali da gamoSeSxa. Seido kiserzed da<br />
gaswia. me daviwye tirili. guli Semiwuxda. mas aqeT cocxalmkvdari<br />
var; vtiri da es aris Cemi nugeSi; davdivar da Sevstiri<br />
xeebs, mTasa da kldeebs, davstiri wyalsa da balaxs, magram Cem-<br />
Tvis deda ara Cndeba, dedaCems veRara vxedav, var oboli da, vin<br />
icis, vin damepatroneba, vin SeiRebavs Cemis sisxliT xelebs?!<br />
[1883 w.]<br />
19
Vaja-Pchavéla<br />
20<br />
Le récit d’un chevreuil<br />
I<br />
Je suis petit, orphelin, malmené par le sort: resté seul à la male heure. Je<br />
porte un justaucorps fin, aux poils courts, moucheté de blanc. Je n’ai encore ni<br />
dents, ni cornes, et mes sabots n’ont pas eu le temps de durcir.<br />
J’erre au hasard. Regardez mes jarrets ensanglantés. En descendant au bord<br />
de la rivière pour boire de l’eau, je me suis fait mal… Mon cœur se consume…<br />
Ah, mon cœur, pauvre maman ! De son vivant maman me cajolait : elle m’allaitait,<br />
m’adressait une parole tendre, me mettait en garde contre le danger. Que<br />
deviendrai-je à présent, moi qui n’ai pas de chance ! Je ne tête plus son sein, je<br />
me contente, matin et soir, de boire la rosée sur l’herbe, et je trompe ainsi mon<br />
envie d’avoir du lait. Resté sans ma protectrice, j’ai sans cesse peur, je tremble,<br />
j’attends ma mort et j’avance à l’aveuglette… Mon Dieu, que d’ennemis autour<br />
de nous !<br />
Le cœur triste, je viens de traverser le champ… en regardant sur les côtés.<br />
Le tonnerre retentit soudain dans le ciel. Je levai la tête : un énorme oiseau gris,<br />
ailes pliées et bec ouvert, fonçait sur moi. Effrayé, je me réfugiai d’un bond<br />
dans la forêt. Le maudit volatile ne put retenir son élan et tomba à l’endroit même<br />
que je venais de quitter. Je tremble encore en me souvenant de son bec tordu<br />
et de ses griffes tranchantes comme des diamants. Il atterrit à pic et, ne me trouvant<br />
pas au but, alla s’écraser sur le flanc dans l’herbe et les mûriers. Le rapace<br />
promena alentour le regard effrayant de ses yeux jaunes, se fâcha de m’avoir<br />
manqué, puis se releva et se dégagea avec peine: il avait failli rester pris dans<br />
les ronces. Dissimulé derrière un arbre, je suivais d’un œil ses mouvements.<br />
Chère forêt ! ton concours m’est précieux. Sans toi, il y a belle lurette que<br />
j’aurais perdu le dernier poil de mon justaucorps ! Mon cœur me dit que je finirai<br />
par tomber victime de l’ennemi. Encore inexpérimenté, je n’ai passé qu’une
petite semaine auprès de maman. Elle m’apprenait à distinguer amis et ennemis.<br />
Qui le fera désormais à sa place ? À tout instant, je me couche dans les herbes<br />
folles, je me tapis, harassé par les moucherons et les moustiques. Que je vivais<br />
bien près de ma maman ! Je respirais librement…<br />
À l’ombre de la forêt vierge, maman et moi, nous habitions là où la montagne<br />
boisée se prélasse couchée sur le côté et baignée sur ses deux flancs par<br />
des rivières. Notre logis était inaccessible. Maman se couchait sur un tertre, et je<br />
m’étendais près d’elle. Des trois côtés des arbres nous protégeaient. Maman surveillait<br />
l’accès dégarni. Parfois elle dressait les oreilles, et, l’observant de près,<br />
je faisais comme elle. À trois reprises, nous entendîmes un bruit insolite : il ne<br />
me rappelait ni l’écoulement de l’eau que j’entends constamment, ni le chant du<br />
merle, ni le martèlement du pic, ni le craquement d’une branche tombée d’un<br />
arbre sec, ni le bruissement de la brise dans le feuillage…<br />
Je remarquai une chose: à peine maman entendait-elle ce bruit étrange,<br />
qu’elle se dressait sur ses pieds et me disait: «Suis-moi, mon enfant, suis-moi !»<br />
Elle partait en courant, et je sautillais derrière, rassemblant mes forces. Je ne<br />
savais ni ne comprenais qui elle craignait. À présent je sais…Oh, combien d’ennemis<br />
avons-nous ! Oh, homme ! pourquoi ne me plains-tu pas, moi si petit ?<br />
Pourquoi ne m’offres-tu pas la liberté de me promener en paix, le cœur tranquille,<br />
de fouler l’herbe verte, d’admirer, penché au bord d’un sommet, le frôlement<br />
de la brise du soir ?<br />
Je n’ose quitter la forêt. Si je passe dans le champ, je m’astreins à suivre la<br />
lisière du bois. Encore ne puis-je m’y hasarder qu’au prix d’une bonne moitié de<br />
mon existence ! Je dois constamment regarder à gauche et à droite, me cacher<br />
derrière les arbres, les rochers, me coucher dans l’herbe et manger debout, sur le<br />
qui-vive ! Dis-moi, homme, quel mal ai-je pu te faire ? Et quelle perte ma pauvre<br />
maman a-t-elle pu t’infliger ? Boire ta boisson ou manger tes denrées ? Pourquoi<br />
l’avoir tuée, me privant de ma protectrice et me réservant le sort d’un orphelin<br />
? Ah, hommes ! sûrs de votre dextérité et de votre force, peu vous chaut<br />
ce qu’il advient de nous… Vous ne sentez pas que nous aussi nous aimons la liberté,<br />
votre cœur implacable ne vous dit pas que nous aussi nous aimons la vie,<br />
21
la nature : le bruissement des feuilles, le roulement de l’eau _ que j’écoute si<br />
souvent en retenant le souffle, l’ondoiement de l’herbe et les ébats en compagnie<br />
de la faune sylvestre… Or toi, homme, les yeux injectés de sang, tu me traques<br />
sans merci, moi et mille de mes semblables: les faibles et les délaissés !<br />
Armé, tu t’approches de nous en cachette, tu nous terrasses perfidement d’une<br />
balle et tu nous arraches à ce monde fugitif…<br />
22<br />
II<br />
Comment ne pas avoir peur ?… Cela fait à peine une semaine que je contemple<br />
ce monde, et pourtant combien d’alarmes en si peu de temps ! Avant-hier<br />
il a plu. Près d’un hêtre, pleine de vie et rayonnante de beauté, maman broutait<br />
avec appétit… Moi, je goûtais à la joie d’être à ses côtés. Confiant en maman,<br />
je ne pensais ni aux ennemis, ni à la mort. Les gouttes irisées de la pluie se<br />
détachaient du feuillage touffu. Je me délectais de leur fraîcheur et je leur<br />
offrais mon museau.<br />
- N’est-ce pas que cela te fait du bien, mon enfant ? me demandait maman.<br />
J’aquiesçais de la tête et je sautais en l’air ou je mordillais ses mamelles.<br />
Devant nous un pic faisait le tour d’un arbre sec et le frappait si fort de son<br />
bec que je m’étonnai. Je me dis que maman, qui pourtant était si grande, ne pouvait<br />
néanmoins emplir la forêt d’un fracas comparable à celui produit par ce petit<br />
oiseau de rien du tout ! S’agrippant de ses pattes à l’écorce, le pic faisait donc<br />
le tour du tronc et l’entamait de son bec ici ou là… J’observais avec joie les<br />
polissonneries du pic.<br />
Entendant soudain un cui-cui, je me retournai et je vis un geai qui tournoyait<br />
au-dessus de nous. Maman me dit: « Cache-toi derrière moi, sinon ce geai va te<br />
crever les yeux !… ». Je me cachai. Maman para de sa tête aux attaques de ce<br />
vaurien. Le geai voulait s’approcher de moi. Echouant dans ses manœuvres réitérées,<br />
il finit par nous laisser en paix, sauta sur les branches d’un hêtre incliné
et se mit à piauler. Sa voix grêle ressemblait drôlement à la mienne. Maman me<br />
dit en riant:<br />
- C’est un grand malin que ce geai, sois toujours sur tes gardes ! Il s’acharne<br />
surtout sur de petits chevreuils comme toi, mon bambin… Pour commencer, il<br />
piaule et piaille. Alors si un benêt inexpérimenté comme toi se trouve là, il répond<br />
à ses avances et s’en approche. C’est ce que le geai attend : il se jette alors<br />
sur sa victime et lui crève les yeux !…<br />
Je tremblai de tout mon corps…<br />
- Je ne lui adresserai jamais la parole, je me cacherai à son apparition !<br />
- Voilà, c’est bien comme ça, mon enfant ! Tant que ta maman est en vie, tu<br />
n’as pas à avoir peur de quoi que ce soit. Quand je ne serai plus auprès de toi, tu<br />
devras être prudent !<br />
Hélas ! pauvre malheureux que je suis ! il me manque encore beaucoup<br />
d’expérience !<br />
III<br />
Une fois il fit très chaud. Maman se leva de sa couche et me dit : « Allons<br />
au bord de l’eau ».<br />
Nous y allâmes en descendant la montagne couverte de baliveaux. Nous<br />
traversâmes les folles herbes et nous pénétrâmes dans le défilé. Le défilé était<br />
profond et les rayons du soleil n’y parvenaient guère. Les arbres qui le bordaient<br />
des deux côtés entremêlaient leurs sommets. Des framboises perçaient au pied<br />
des arbres et, leurs têtes rouges penchées, elles observaient l’écoulement de<br />
l’eau. La rivière froide et transparente coulait sur les pierres lisses, passait de<br />
rocher en rocher pour rassembler plus loin ses eaux dans un bassin. Maman<br />
s’approcha de la rivière et entra dans l’eau. Moi, j’avais du mal à sauter sur les<br />
pierres et mes sabots me faisaient mal.<br />
- Viens, mon enfant, entre dans l’eau, sa fraîcheur fait du bien par cette<br />
chaleur !<br />
23
Je m’approchai et, pour commencer, plongeai avec précaution un pied dans<br />
la rivière. Comme l’eau était horriblement froide, je rebondis aussitôt en arrière.<br />
- L’eau est froide, dis-je, et je n’arrive pas à y rester.<br />
- Ce n’est rien, mon enfant, tu dois t’y habituer dès maintenant.<br />
Je rentrai de nouveau dans l’eau, j’y patientai quelque temps, puis en<br />
ressortis. Des bruits nous parvinrent du taillis d’au-dessus.<br />
- Ceux-là ne sont pas dangereux, me dit maman, c’est une femme avec son<br />
enfant. Nos ennemis ne crient pas de la sorte. Pourtant, nous devons toujours<br />
être sur nos gardes. Repassons par les baliveaux, évitons de nous montrer à la<br />
lisière.<br />
Maman me précéda. Aiguillonné par la curiosité, je dissimulai mon corps,<br />
mais je sortis le bout de mon museau de derrière les arbres pour regarder. Au<br />
même instant j’entendis une voix qui montait d’en bas:<br />
- Oh, ma p’tite maman, le loup, le loup !<br />
- N’aie pas peur, mon enfant, mon chéri ! Montre-moi un peu où tu vois le<br />
loup ? demanda la mère à son fils.<br />
Les yeux en larmes, l’enfant me désignait du doigt:<br />
- Ah, mon enfant, ce n’est pas un loup, mais un chevreuil ! De plus, qu’il est<br />
beau !<br />
- Attrapons-le, maman, disait le petit, impatient de courir vers moi.<br />
- Non, chéri, ce serait dommage ! car lui aussi, il doit avoir sa maman ! Tu<br />
t’imagines ce qu’elle pleurerait si son petit venait à disparaître !<br />
Retenant mon souffle, j’écoutai ces propos et je me réjouis d’entendre au<br />
moins une manifestation de compassion. Même, j’aurais aimé apprendre la suite<br />
de la conversation, mais maman se retourna, accourut vers moi et me dit:<br />
- Petit nigaud, tu crois ce qu’ils disent ? As-tu fini de regarder par là ? Suismoi,<br />
et vite ! Ces deux-là signaleront aux chasseurs notre présence, et les chasseurs<br />
ne man queront pas de nous priver à jamais de ce monde.<br />
Pauvre maman, son appréhension allait bientôt se confirmer !<br />
24
IV<br />
Maman bondit et je bondis à sa suite. Nous escaladâmes la pente en sautillant.<br />
Juste avant de partir, des bribes de paroles mé parvinrent :<br />
- Oh, il a sa mère près de lui !<br />
Nous avançâmes dans les herbes folles et les bardanes. Des sources froides<br />
abreuvaient les racines des bardanes. Par endroits, sur la terre glaise, je distinguais<br />
les traces de sabots d’un petit chevreuil comme moi. Il faisait une chaleur<br />
insupportable. Nous en souffrions. Nous nous couchâmes dans les bardanes.<br />
Leurs feuilles larges nous protégaient des rayons brûlants du soleil. Soudain,<br />
partis des sommets des montagnes voisines, des nuages envahirent le ciel, avant<br />
de se rassembler non loin de nous. Le tonnerre retentit et l’éclair traversa le ciel<br />
en zigzag.<br />
Sur les sommets d’en face la pluie s’abattit en colonnes d’eau. Bientôt elle<br />
se déversa autour de nous, en faisant bruire les feuilles de bardanes. Il se fit un<br />
tel vacarme qu’on aurait dit que la forêt, les montagnes et la vallée allaient<br />
s’effondrer. Les êtres animés suspendirent leur souffle : figés, les oiseaux n’osèrent<br />
plus chanter. Le vilain geai qui tout à l’heure m’avait fait si peur, ne me parut<br />
plus aussi effrayant. Les ailes pitoyablement baissées, assis sur une branche<br />
de jeune hêtre, il avait fermé les yeux, et la salive lui coulait du bec. Un rougegorge,<br />
dit oiseau du hêtre, au cou garni de plumes, gentil et inoffensif, avait pris<br />
place à côté du geai. Ses yeux superbement fermés. Un serin arriva et lança de<br />
petits cris. Le geai eut peur et ouvrit les yeux. La frayeur dans le cœur, il se<br />
cogna à droite et à gauche en poussant des cris rauques. Je pouffai de rire. Tout<br />
à l’heure je me l’étais imaginé le plus fort de tous, mais à présent je voyais bien<br />
à quel sacré oiseau j’avais affaire !<br />
Le tonnerre passa. Les oiseaux chantèrent en chœur. Les brins d’herbes et<br />
les feuilles des arbres versèrent des larmes de joie. Maman adorait marcher sur<br />
l’herbe mouillée par la pluie… Elle gagnait le champ, et je l’y accompagnais. Il<br />
en fut de même cette fois-ci. Longeant le champ, nous nous dirigeâmes vers la<br />
montagne. On entendait le son doux du chalumeau. Un troupeau de moutons<br />
25
outait avec délice l’herbe aspergée de gouttelettes d’eau sur le flanc de la<br />
montagne. Le soleil s’était à demi caché derrière la montagne. Ses rayons pâles<br />
prenaient congé des montagnes et des sommets des arbres de la forêt.<br />
Dominant son troupeau, un berger revêtu d’un manteau de feutre jouait du<br />
chalumeau. Un chien affreux et poilu se tenait à ses côtés. Il suivait d’un œil attentif<br />
les déplacements du troupeau, tout en fixant de temps en temps d’un regard<br />
affectueux son maître.<br />
- Nous voici mal venus dans ces endroits, me dit maman. Tu n’as pas à<br />
craindre le berger qui n’a pas d’arme, mais le chien sentira notre odeur et il se<br />
peut qu’il se mette à nous poursuivre. Fais demi-tour. Ne le quitte pas des yeux.<br />
S’il court vers nous, j’irai au-devant de lui, et tu pourras te cacher dans les<br />
herbes.<br />
En effet, à notre apparition les moutons s’effarouchèrent et nous fixèrent des<br />
yeux. Je me cachai dans les broussailles sans perdre de vue le chien à la queue<br />
touffue. Le chien grogna en même temps que les moutons s’effrayèrent. Dressant<br />
les oreilles, il s’élança vers nous…<br />
Le berger poussa des cris. Je tremblai. Attiré par maman, le chien se dirigea<br />
vers elle. Maman glissa, et durant un moment, je la perdis de vue. Les larmes<br />
obstruaient ma vue, mon cœur était meurtri. Pauvre maman, si cette maudite bête<br />
réussit à s’emparer de toi! Pendant longtemps j’entendis résonner les sabots et<br />
les pierres rouler au fond du précipice.<br />
Malheur à moi s’il s’est emparé de maman et s’il est en train de la dévorer<br />
de ses dents affilées comme des diamants.<br />
Le soir arriva. Le berger siffla et rentra les moutons. Le cœur battant, je<br />
suivais du regard ses mouvements. Tantôt il frappait les pauvres moutons d’un<br />
gros gourdin et tantôt il leur jetait des pierres. L’une d’elles atteignit un petit<br />
agneau de mon âge. Le pauvre tomba à la renverse et agita piteusement ses pattes.<br />
Le berger gravit la pente et appela son Noiraud. Peu de temps après j’aperçus<br />
à l’horizon Noiraud, sa langue ensanglantée pendant de sa gueule, effondré<br />
aux pieds de son maître.<br />
26
La frayeur me saisit : s’il se trouvait que sa gueule était tachée du sang de<br />
maman ?<br />
L’obscurité se fit. On n’entendit plus un bruit. Où était maman ? À supposer<br />
qu’elle soit en vie, il se peut qu’elle ne réussisse pas à me retrouver.<br />
Peu de temps après j’entendis un bruit assourdi qui ressemblait à la voix de<br />
maman. Je lui répondis. Alarmée, maman accourut vers moi.<br />
- T’es ici, mon enfant ? N’aie pas peur, ta maman est vivante. Ni le chien, ni<br />
le loup ne peuvent rien contre elle… T’es vivant ? me demanda-t-elle.<br />
- Je suis vivant, lui répondis-je.<br />
Maman me caressa… À qui puis-je adresser mes pleurs et mes supplications<br />
? Qui a le pouvoir de me permettre de regarder encore une fois au fond des<br />
yeux de maman, de me replonger dans ses caresses ?<br />
Comment faire face à ce chagrin ? Si seulement notre ennemi sanguinaire<br />
nous avait tués tous les deux d’un seul coup ? Pourquoi suis-je resté en vie ?<br />
La veille, j’avais été heureux d’avoir retrouvé ma consolation pleine de<br />
beauté. Qui aurait pu me dire que le lendemain je la perdrais à jamais ?<br />
Nous passâmes la nuit à marcher dans les champs. Nous n’avions plus peur.<br />
Nous pénétrâmes dans un champ de seigle et nous nous régalâmes. À l’aube<br />
nous regagnâmes la forêt. Maudite soit l’aurore de ce jour ! Deux ou trois cerisiers,<br />
entourés d’herbe drue, s’élevaient au milieu du champ. Des merles tournoyaient<br />
en volée autour d’eux. Une grande animation régnait. Les uns partaient,<br />
d’autres venaient s’approvisionner pour leurs petits. Maman me prévint :<br />
- Ce n’est pas le moment de se promener. Notre ennemi nous cherche sur le<br />
sol mouillé de la pluie. Alors regarde bien de tous les côtés.<br />
Ce fut le dernier avertissement de maman. Maman était mal dans sa peau,<br />
comme si elle avait le pressentiment de la mort. Elle entamait une feuille sur un<br />
arbre, et s’immobilisait aussitôt.<br />
Au-dessus de nous, des osiers s’alignaient sur le flanc de la montagne,<br />
précédés par trois ou quatre bouleaux élancés.<br />
Soudain, comme le tonnerre des cieux, un coup de fusil partit. L’écho de la<br />
détonation fit le tour des montagnes et des rochers. Les feuilles des arbres et les<br />
27
plantes tressaillirent, la fumée se coucha sur l’herbe couverte de rosée. Maman<br />
poussa un cri et s’effondra. Malheur à moi ! je restai figé sur place. Je voyais<br />
maman rouler, la tête en bas, et laisser sur l’herbe une trace sanglante.<br />
Un jeune garçon surgit de derrière les bouleaux, les pans de sa tchoka<br />
retroussés. « Victoire ! » cria-t-il et courut de toutes ses jambes après maman.<br />
Ma pauvre maman s’efforçait de se relever, mais à chaque tentative ses genoux<br />
pliaient, elle retombait et roulait de nouveau.<br />
Je crus mourir, me décomposer, lorsque le maudit chasseur sortit une dague<br />
affilée et la passa sur la gorge de maman. Le sang jaillit et éclaboussa les arbres.<br />
Malheureux, je voyais tout sans pouvoir intervenir. Et le chasseur de passer sa<br />
dague sur les seins de maman, sur les mamelles qui m’avaient allaité, de vider<br />
son corps.<br />
Il la posa sur ses épaules et s’en fut.<br />
Le cœur me brûlait.<br />
Depuis, je ne suis ni mort, ni vif. Les larmes sont ma seule consolation.<br />
J’adresse ma plainte aux arbres, à la montagne et aux rochers, je pleure sur l’eau<br />
et sur l’herbe. Mais maman ne renaît pas, je ne la reverrai plus. Me voici orphelin.<br />
Qui se rendra maître de moi, qui teindra ses mains de mon sang ?<br />
28<br />
Traduction Gaston Bouatchidzé<br />
(Traduction parue dans la revue Missives, 1998,<br />
numéro spécial consacré à la littérature géorgienne.<br />
Texte revu et corrigé, novembre 2011)
The Story Told by a Fawn<br />
I<br />
<strong>Vazha</strong>-<strong>Pshavela</strong><br />
I am very, very small, an orphan. Fate has been cruel to me. I’ve become an<br />
orphan at a bad time. My fur is still thin, and the light spots scattered on my<br />
short hair are like small, white eyes. My antlers and teeth haven’t come in yet,<br />
and my hooves have not yet grown hard.<br />
I make my way with difficulty, like one who’s lost his way. Just look at my<br />
bloody feet - here, when I went down to the ravine to drink water, I got hurt. I<br />
feel so sad…my heart... My poor mother! While my mother was alive, she was<br />
always so kind to me: she nursed me, caressed me, and warned me about danger.<br />
What will happen to me now, poor me! I no longer nurse at her breast, I<br />
only suck the dew from the grass in the morning and evening, when there is<br />
dew, and I am dying from the desire to drink milk. Since I have no one to take<br />
care of me, I’m always afraid, I tremble, and wander about aimlessly, constantly<br />
expecting death... oh Lord, how many enemies we have!<br />
Not long ago, distraught, I went to the edge of the meadow…I was looking<br />
all around. Suddenly, I heard a thundering noise above my head. I looked up –<br />
an enormous grey-black bird, its wings tucked in and its beak gaping, was swooping<br />
straight toward me. Frightened, I jumped back into the forest.<br />
The accursed bird was aiming directly at me. It couldn’t hold itself back,<br />
and fell on the very spot where I’d just been standing. I tremble all over when I<br />
remember its curved beak and its claws, sharp like uncut diamonds. It headed<br />
straight toward me, and when it didn’t find me, thwacked its wings over the<br />
grasses and the blackberry bushes. Looking everywhere with its frightful, yellow<br />
eyes, it was offended by my escape. It rose up, barely able to free itself<br />
from the blackberry bushes. I hid behind a tree, and watched from there,<br />
squinting with one eye, my heart beating.<br />
My dear forest! You help me so much, and if you didn’t, I wouldn’t have a<br />
single hair left on my fur coat. My heart tells me I will become the victim of my<br />
29
enemies. I am still inexperienced; I was with my mother for only a week. She<br />
taught me who my enemy was, and who was my friend. But now who will teach<br />
me? I always lie in the reeds, hiding, and have no peace from the gnats and<br />
mosquitoes. With my mother, I lived well and breathed freely...<br />
My mother and I lived over there, on the hilly ridge, with small mountain<br />
rivers flowing on both sides, in the shadowy mists of the forest. Our home was<br />
difficult to reach. My mother would lie on the edge of the hill, and I would lie<br />
next to her. The trees hid us from view on three sides, and mama herself would<br />
look out from the fourth. From time to time she would raise her ears. I would<br />
look at her, and imitating her, would perk up my small ears. Three times we<br />
heard an unusual noise – it wasn’t like the roaring of the water, which I heard<br />
all the time, or the clatter of a blackbird, or the knocking of a woodpecker. It<br />
wasn’t even like a branch crashing down from the top of a dry tree, or the sound<br />
of the leaves rustling in the wind. I noticed that whenever my mother heard this<br />
unfamiliar sound, she would jump to her feet and say to me: “My child! Come,<br />
follow me!” She would run away, and I, too, would jump up with all of my<br />
strength. I had no idea, couldn’t understand at all whom she feared. But now I<br />
know...Oh! How many enemies we have! Oh, man! Why do you feel no pity for<br />
me, small as I am? Why don't you let me be, so I can walk freely, and with a<br />
peaceful heart tread on the beautiful, green grass, stand on the top of the ridge,<br />
and enjoy the light evening breeze?!<br />
I can't stray far from the forest. If I go out into the meadow, I have to stay<br />
near the edge of the forest – if I didn’t, I would die! I constantly have to look all<br />
around, hide behind the trees, near boulders, in the grass. I eat my food, and<br />
shuddering from fear, I can barely stand! What harm do I do to you, oh man, tell<br />
me, what harm? What harm did my poor mama do to you, what did she drink<br />
that was yours, what did she eat of yours that made you kill her and leave me<br />
with no one to care for me, and make me an orphan?! Oh, humans! You depend<br />
on your wiles and strength, and aren’t at all concerned about us. You don't feel<br />
that we, too, love freedom. With your merciless heart, you don't feel that we,<br />
too, love life and nature: the rustling leaves, the water’s roar, which I hear so<br />
30
often with silent, bated breath, the waving grass, running and playing together<br />
with the beasts of the forest... But you, oh, man! Nervous, your eyes bloodshot,<br />
you search for me, and a thousand others like me, weak and without protection.<br />
You have weapons, you sneak up on us, kill us treacherously with bullets,<br />
making us say farewell to this earthly life...<br />
II<br />
How can I not be afraid? It's barely a week since I first looked upon this<br />
world, and how much fear and suffering I’ve experienced already! The day<br />
before yesterday was rainy. Beautiful and full of life, my mother stood next to a<br />
beech tree, and was chewing with gusto...and I was standing next to my mother,<br />
taking joy at being with her. Trusting in my mother, I gave no thought to enemies<br />
and death. Raindrops were falling from the dense leaves...I put my head<br />
under them, so these pleasant drops could refresh me.<br />
"Isn't it lovely, my child?" my mother asked me.<br />
I nodded and jumped about, sometimes knocking my head against her teats.<br />
In front of us a woodpecker was inscribing a circle around a dead tree, and<br />
rapping so loudly that I was amazed _ my mother was so large, and she yet<br />
couldn't make the forest as noisy as this small bird! It went around the tree<br />
trunk, scraping with its feet, pecking first at one place, and then another…I<br />
watched the woodpecker's playfulness with joy. Suddenly I heard "Chkhi!<br />
Chkhi! Chkhi!" I looked to the side: a jay was circling above us. “Hide behind<br />
me,” my mother said, “or the jay will pluck out your eyes!” I hid. My mother<br />
shook her head, and chased away this vile bird. The jay flew towards me, made<br />
many attempts, but then left us in peace. Pretending to be innocent, it settled on<br />
the branch of a beech tree, and began to meow. Its voice sounded just like mine.<br />
My mother laughed involuntarily, and said, “It's very sly, that jay. My child, be<br />
careful! It preys on small fawns like you, my child...it moans softly and starts to<br />
meow, and if a foolish and inexperienced fawn like you is near, it calls to you.<br />
And this is just what it wants – to jump out and snatch your eyes away!”<br />
A shudder passed through my body...<br />
I didn't utter a sound, and hid immediately!<br />
31
“Yes, yes, it's so, my child! As long as your mother is alive, don't be afraid;<br />
when I am no longer around for you, then you must be cautious!”<br />
Oh, how inexperienced I am, poor me!<br />
III<br />
Once it was very hot. My mother got up from her bed and suggested we go<br />
to the stream. We went out, and made our way down a slope covered with small<br />
trees. We passed through the reeds and reached the river. The ravine was so<br />
deep the sun’s rays couldn’t reach the bottom. The trees, stretching from both<br />
banks, were woven together like the ends of a rope. At the base of the trees,<br />
blackberry roots grew out over the riverbank, their red heads bent, looking at<br />
the flowing water. The cold, limpid water gurgled along the glistening boulders,<br />
pouring over one rock and then another, and formed into pools. My mother<br />
came up and stood directly in a pool. My hooves were hurting, and I could<br />
barely walk on the rocks.<br />
“Come here, my child, step into the water, it’s pleasant to stand in the water<br />
in hot weather.”<br />
I went down and cautiously put one foot in the water. It was terribly cold,<br />
and I jumped back right away.<br />
“It’s cold, I can't stand here.”<br />
“Nothing horrible will happen to you, you need to get used to this now, my child!”<br />
I stood in the water a short while, and then we turned back. We heard a<br />
sound above us in a clear-cut area of the forest.<br />
“That’s not frightening,” my mother said to me. “It’s a mother and a small<br />
child. Our enemy doesn't cry like that, but still, we need to be careful.” We<br />
climbed up through the thicket, so we wouldn't be visible at the edge of the<br />
forest, so no one could see us.<br />
My mother walked on ahead. My heart couldn’t stand it, and I looked back.<br />
I hid my body, revealing only my head. Then, I heard a sound from below: “Oh,<br />
mommy, mommy, a wolf, mommy, a wolf!”<br />
32
“Don’t be afraid, my child, my dear. But where is it, can you show me?” his<br />
mother asked him. “Look over there, don't you see its ears sticking up from the<br />
woods, mama!” The child pointed to me with tears in his eyes.<br />
“Ooh, oh my dear, dear child, that’s not a wolf, it’s a fawn, my child! Oh,<br />
how beautiful it is!”<br />
“Let's catch it, darling mama,” the small child said to his mother. And at the<br />
same time, impatient, he was ready to run towards me.<br />
“No, my dear child, it’s a sin, my child, you know it has a mother! She<br />
would certainly cry about her child!”<br />
I held my breath and listened, pleased to hear a word of pity for us. I even<br />
wanted to listen more, but my mother returned, and ran up to me, saying:<br />
“Hey, you silly child, do you really believe what they’re saying?! Why are<br />
you looking over there? Let's go, quickly, follow me! They’ll go away, but<br />
they’ll tell the hunters about our home and then they’ll make us say goodbye to life.”<br />
My poor mother sensed beforehand that this is what would happen.<br />
IV<br />
My mother jumped up, and I did too, and we bounded up the hill. At the<br />
very last moment, this was all I heard: “Ooh, its mother is there, too!”<br />
We entered an area at the edge of the ridge that was overgrown with reeds<br />
and covered with butterbur, whose roots were moistened by the cold springs.<br />
Footprints of a small fawn like me were visible here and there on the mud. It<br />
was frightfully hot. We were worried. We lay down in the butterbur, and its<br />
wide leaves protected us from the rays of the burning sun. Suddenly, the clouds<br />
lifted from the mountain peaks surrounding us, and gathered together. The sky<br />
rumbled, thundered, and there was a flash of lightening.<br />
Heavy rain fell on the opposite cliffs, and soon all around us the leaves of<br />
the trees and the butterbur became so noisy it sounded as if the forest, the<br />
mountains, and valley were all collapsing. Every living creature fell silent. The<br />
birds no longer dared to chirp or hop around playfully. The loathsome jay, who<br />
had frightened me so much earlier, now didn’t seem so completely terrifying. It<br />
was sitting on a beech sapling, with its eyes closed and mucous running down<br />
33
from its beak, its shoulders sagging pitifully. A red-breasted bird, the “beechtree<br />
bird,” inoffensive and harmless with its soft downy neck, was sitting near it.<br />
How it closed its eyes! A siskin flew towards me and cried out, “Tsrip, tsrip!”<br />
The jay was startled, opened its eyes, took a deep breath, and turning here and<br />
there, cried out awkwardly, “Chkhii, chkhii!” I found it funny. Before, I’d<br />
thought it was so strong, but now I understood it was really just a child.<br />
The thunder moved away. The birds broke out in song, all at once. The grass<br />
and the leaves on the trees began to shed tears of joy. My mother loved to walk<br />
after the rain... She would walk along the meadow and take me with her. And<br />
now, too, we made our way along the meadow’s edge, heading towards the<br />
mountains. We heard the sweet sound of a salamuri. ∗ A flock of sheep was<br />
spread out at the base of the mountain, munching happily on the fresh, dewy<br />
grass. The sun was half hidden behind the edge of the mountain, its pale rays<br />
reaching only the tops of the hills and the trees.<br />
A shepherd sat above us on the hillside. He was wrapped in his nabadi ∗∗ and<br />
playing the salamuri. An enormous, terrifying dog with long, thick hair was<br />
squatting next to him, watching the flock of sheep with its quick eyes, and from<br />
time to time glancing lovingly at its master.<br />
“We’ve come to a bad place,” my mother said to me, “The shepherd is<br />
unarmed, you don’t need to be afraid of him, but that dog will bark at our smell<br />
and may chase after us. Let’s go back. Watch it closely – if it starts running in<br />
our direction, I’ll show myself, and you hide in the grass.” The flock was startled<br />
when it saw us, and began to look in our direction. I hid in a thick, impenetrable<br />
mass of vetchling and didn't take my eyes off the dog with its wagging<br />
tail...The flock grew frightened and at the same time, the dog began to whimper.<br />
It raised its ears, and rushed in my direction...<br />
The shepherd began to shout. I started to shake. The dog immediately<br />
caught sight of my mother, and rushed towards her. My mother slipped, and in a<br />
second she disappeared from view. Tears rushed to my eyes, I was sick at heart.<br />
∗ salamui – a shepherd’s reed pipe<br />
∗∗ nabadi – a large, wool felted coat<br />
34
Oh lord, mama, if this cursed dog catches you! For a long time I heard her<br />
hooves crashing, and from the ravine, the clatter of stones.<br />
Oh lord, if it catches my mother and tears her to pieces with its diamondsharp<br />
teeth! Twilight fell. The shepherd whistled to his sheep and drove them<br />
towards their fold. With pounding heart, I observed his movements. He beat some of<br />
the miserable flock with his long staff, and threw stones at others. A rock hit one<br />
lamb, small like me. The poor thing fell and its legs started to shake pitifully. The<br />
shepherd set off, and began calling to Q’urshia. Soon, I saw it on the horizon –<br />
Q’urshia was standing by its owner's side, its red tongue hanging out of its mouth.<br />
I was afraid. Who knows, whether or not its lips and mouth were covered<br />
with my mother's blood. It grew dark. Nothing was visible, not a sound was<br />
heard anywhere. What had happened to my mother? Maybe she couldn't find<br />
me, if she’s still alive?<br />
Soon, I heard a loud croaking. It sounded like my mother's voice. I called<br />
back to her. Agitated, the poor thing rushed towards me.<br />
“Are you here, my child? Don't be afraid, your mother is alive. No dog or<br />
wolf can destroy her...are you alive?" she asked me.<br />
"I am," I answered her.<br />
My mother caressed me...Oh, to whom can I weep and cry now, with whom<br />
can I plead? Who is powerful enough to let me look into my mother's eyes<br />
again, to enjoy her caress! How can I survive this sorrow? If only this<br />
bloodthirsty enemy would kill me, too! Why am I still alive?!<br />
Yesterday, I watched my mother, my solace, alive and full of splendor, and<br />
how could I have thought that the next day I would lose her forever!<br />
V<br />
We walked through the meadow the entire night, no longer afraid. We<br />
entered an alpine squill and ate the grass with pleasure. It began to get light, and<br />
we headed towards the forest. Accursed was the dawn of this day! In the<br />
meadow, the grass grew thick. In the meadow stood two or three wild cherry<br />
trees. Blackbirds flocked around them, and we heard their lively chatter. Some<br />
flew up, others flew away, carrying food off to their children. My mother cauti-<br />
35
oned me, saying: “It’s dangerous to be out walking right now, our enemy will<br />
be searching for us everywhere after the rain.”<br />
This was my mother’s last warning. My mother was worried, as if she felt<br />
death near by. She would pull off a single leaf, and stand completely still.<br />
Above us, goat-willows were growing close to one another. In front of them<br />
stood three or four dense, rustling birch trees.<br />
Suddenly, like a clap of thunder from the sky, a rifle gave a deafening roar,<br />
and the sound ricocheted around the mountains and cliffs. The leaves on the<br />
trees and the plants all shuddered, smoke spread out across the dewy grass. My<br />
mother groaned once, and fell. Oh lord! I froze on the spot. I watched as my<br />
mother rolled, head down, and left a bloody trace on the grass. A young boy<br />
jumped out from behind the birch trees, the hem of his dark silver-grey chokha ∗<br />
tucked up to his waist. “Victory!” he shouted, and with a quick, high-pitched<br />
warble he chased after my mother. My poor mother tried to stand up, to step<br />
forward, but her knees gave out again, she fell and rolled. I died. I was destroyed<br />
when the cursed hunter took out his glinting kinjal ∗∗ and cut my mother's<br />
throat. Her blood gushed out and poured over his hands. Oh me! I saw everything<br />
clearly, but how could I help her, wretched as I was?! Right there, on<br />
her breasts, those very breasts on which I used to suck, he made a cut with the<br />
kinjal and opened up her insides. He threw her around his neck, and set off. I<br />
started to wail. I fainted. Since then, I’ve barely been alive. I weep, and this is<br />
my consolation. I walk, weeping and crying to the trees, the mountains and the<br />
cliffs. I wail and cry to the stream and the grass, but my mother does not come<br />
to me. I no longer see my mother, I am an orphan, and who knows who will<br />
take care of me, who will dye his hands with my blood?!<br />
∗ chokha – an outer coat<br />
∗∗ kinjal – a short, sharp knife, carried in one’s belt<br />
36<br />
Translated by Mary Childs,<br />
with Aida Abuashvili Lominadze<br />
November 20, 2011
vaJa-fSavela <strong>150</strong><br />
37
vaJa—fSavela<br />
(literaturuli portreti)<br />
zaza abzianiZe<br />
1922 wels, Svidi wlis Semdeg vaJas gardacvalebidan, paolo<br />
iaSvili werda: `...gulSemzaravi iyo bedi vaJa-fSavelasi. vaJafSavelaze<br />
Zlieri poeturi stiqia ar axsovs saqarTvelos.<br />
vaJam pirvelma misca imedi qarTul sityvas. mas hqonda RmerTebis<br />
ena da homerosis noyiereba. magram arwivad wodebuli saqar-<br />
TveloSi dadioda, rogorc `Cxikvi zaqara~, Tvalmoxeuli, yvelis<br />
suniT gaJRenTili, dakonkil CoxiT, frCxilebSi miwa gamoglesili,<br />
narmis sacvlebSi, dasuli soflis mewvrilmanis vaWrobamdis,<br />
miuRebeli, ugvirgvino. is WleqiT daakvda saavadmyofos<br />
logins, ise viT ubinao da quCis maTxovari~ (iaSvili<br />
2004: 255).<br />
Cven iSviaTad vixsenebT am sityvebs _ imitomac, rom maTSi<br />
mware sayveduri JRers, imitomac, rom simarTlis mosmena ar<br />
gviyvars da kidev imitom, rom sakuTari problemebiT daRlilni,<br />
vcdilobT ar vifiqroT sxvis tkivilsa da gaWirvebaze _<br />
arc amdRevandelze da arc asi wlis winandelze...<br />
da mainc, vaJa Segvaxsenebs xolme Tavs, Segvaxsenebs, rodesac<br />
erTaderTi mwvane totiT sicocxles CaWidebul xes an qu-<br />
CaSi moZugZuge samfexa ZaRls, erTi wamiT, misi TvaliT SevxedavT<br />
da gagvaxsendeba misganve STanergili azri, rom Cvengan<br />
dasaxiCrebuli buneba im sulieri simaxinjisa da im daundoblobis<br />
anareklia, romelic, Tu miuSviT, gausaZliss gaxdis<br />
cxovrebas am qveyanaze.<br />
bunebis pirispir ampartavnad mdgar adamians vaJam muxli<br />
moadrekina am maradiuli saswaulis winaSe da piriqiT, cxovrebisagan<br />
Tu xelisufalTagan dajabnilsa da daCoqil Tvistoms<br />
39
xeli SeaSvela, fexze wamoayena, Rirsebis grZnoba da momavlis<br />
rwmena STaunerga.<br />
igi TviTon iyo am bunebis RviZli Svili, mis kalTaSi gazrdili<br />
da rZesTan erTad Tavisuflebis gemos naCvevi...<br />
luka razikaSvili, romelic SemdgomSi vaJa-fSavelas saxeliT<br />
gaxda cnobili, 1861 wlis 14 ivliss daibada sofel Cargal-<br />
Si, fSavSi pavle da gulqan razikaSvilebis ojaxSi. `deda Cemi<br />
iyo ivreli qali, sofel sxlovanidan, fxiklianT gvarisa, sadac<br />
mosaxloben dResac misi naTesavni~, _ wers vaJa Tavis avtobiografiaSi<br />
`Cemi wuTisofeli~ da ganagrZobs, _ saTemo gvari<br />
fxikelaSvilebisa aris gabidauri. RviZli biZa dedaCemisa paraskeva<br />
pirveli moleqse iyo fSavSi. iman Seqmna satiruli leqsebi<br />
da dResac yvela fSaveli imis hangze `leqsobs~. saubedurod,<br />
wera-kiTxva sruliad ar scodnia... wera-kiTxva arc deda-<br />
Cemma icoda, Tumca bunebiT friad niWieri iyo, SesaniSnavi meojaxe<br />
da mowyale, glaxis gamkiTxveli, mezoblis damxmare; deda-Cemis<br />
qveloba dResac samagaliTod aris darCenili. ise Cavida<br />
saflavSi, rom erTs aravis axsovs imas gaejavrebinos...~<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961e: 434).<br />
axla vaJasave TvaliT danaxuli portreti mamamisisa, pavle<br />
razikaSvilis: `me roca mama-Cemi vicani mamad, maSin igi mTavar<br />
diakvanad iyo sof. maRaroskarSi, s. Cargalze rva versze daSorebiT.<br />
roca ki Sin imyofeboda, mudam miambobda moTxrobebs<br />
Zveli saRmrTo istoriidan, wera-kiTxvas maswavlida Zveleburs<br />
wesze. Caujdeboda xorcs xinklisTvis sakeplad ficarze,<br />
iqve taxtze mec daujdebodi pirdapir da vugdebdi yurs imis<br />
tkbil saubars...~ (vaJa-fSavela 1961e: 436).<br />
pavle da gulqan razikaSvilebi 1890 wlis Semodgomaze gardaicvalnen.<br />
wesis asagebad Sekrebilma Svilebma gadawyvites,<br />
rom ufrosi Zma _ giorgi TianeTSi dabrundeboda, sadac igi<br />
veqilobda; momdevno _ vaJa CargalSi rCeboda; niko (SemdgomSi<br />
baCanas saxeliT cnobili), fSavidan gaclas amjobinebda, rad-<br />
40
gan Tavisi wawali hyavda colad SerTuli da Temis adaTis damrRvevad<br />
iTvleboda; amitomac imxanad xevsureTSi, barisaxoSi<br />
maswavleblobda; maswavleblobda agreTve Tedoc -xelTubanSi,<br />
goris maxloblad; amaTi umcrosi Zma _ sandro, jer kidev swavlobda<br />
da ufrosi Zmebi inawilebdnen swavlis xarjebs. razikaSvilebs<br />
hyavdaT ufrosi dac _ marTa, yvarelSi gaTxovili.<br />
niko da Tedo razikaSvilebma, rogorc mogexsenebaT, mwerlobas<br />
mihyves xeli da Tavdapirvelad vaJas metoqeobas ara<br />
marto TibvaSi, niSanSi srolaSi da WidaobaSi uwevdnen. Tvrameti<br />
wlis baCanam vaJaze adre gaiTqva saxeli mSvenieri leqsiT _<br />
`muxas”, magram am naadrevma popularobam mas daTvuri samsaxuri<br />
gauwia _ bolomde metoqed Tvlida vaJas.<br />
razikaSvilTa axlo megobris, ivane buquraulis TqmiT,<br />
baCana RvarZliani da damcinavi iyo, amasTanave fxukianic, xumrobas<br />
ver itandao. Zmebi xSirad kamaTobdnen literaturis<br />
garSemo. es arcaa gasakviri. gasakviri ufro isaa, miT umetes<br />
qarTuli tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom literaturulma paeqrobam<br />
vaJasa da baCanas Soris presis furclebze gadainacvla.<br />
razikaSvilTa ojaxSi Zmebs Soris urTierTobebs, rogorc<br />
etyoba, mainc ufro vaJa warmarTavda. vaJas disSvili, mixa<br />
razikaSvili igonebda, rom rodesac biZamiss `sazogadoebaSi<br />
leqsis Tqmas sTxovdnen, jer baCanas `muxas” ityoda da Semdeg<br />
Tavis `arwivso~ (yubaneiSvili 1937: 272).<br />
modiT, erTi wamiT Txroba SevwyvitoT da Cvenc gavixsenoT<br />
`arwivi~ _ Cveni siymawvilis ucilobeli Tanamgzavri: asze meti<br />
weli gavida am leqsis daweridan. rodesac mas skolaSi vswavlobdiT<br />
da vizepirebdiT (Cems Taobas vgulisxmob), ukve dro-<br />
JamiT danisluli da istoriis sakuTrebad qceuli qveynis simbolod<br />
aRviqvamdiT vaJas arwivs da mxolod dRes, marTlac<br />
`frTamotexili da gulispirs sisxlmocxebuli” qveyana rom<br />
SegvrCa, Tvali agvexila, _ Turme rogor hgavs erTmaneTs Cveni<br />
da vaJas guliswadili:<br />
41
42<br />
arwivi vnaxe daWrili,<br />
yvav-yornebs eomeboda,<br />
ewada beCavs adgoma,<br />
magram veRara dgeboda.<br />
cals mxars miwaze miiTrevs,<br />
gulispirs sisxli scxeboda.<br />
vah, dedas Tqvensa, yovebo,<br />
cud dros CagigdavT xelada,<br />
Toro vnaxavdi Tqvens bumbuls<br />
gaSlils, gafantuls velada!<br />
(vaJa-fSavela1961a: 60)<br />
ise mgonia, am `yvav-yornebis velad gafantuli bumbulis”<br />
naxvis imedi kacs Tu ara aqvs, mis qarTvelobas is erTi fermenti<br />
aklia, saukuneobiT rom ganasxvavebda qarTul erovnul xasiaTs.<br />
`arwivi~ 1887 wliTaa daTariRebuli. 26wlis vaJa im dros sofel<br />
did ToneTSi maswavleblobda, manglisis maxloblad da es<br />
warumatebeli maswavlebloba misi pirveli da ukanaskneli samsaxuri<br />
iyo. mTeli danarCeni cxovreba man ubralo fSaveli<br />
glexkacis cxovrebiT icxovra.<br />
maswavleblobis uflebas vaJas aZlevda goris saostato seminariis<br />
diplomi. aqve unda iTqvas, rom gasxvavebiT Telavis<br />
sasuliero saswavleblisa da Tbilisis orklasiani samoqalaqo<br />
saswavleblisagan, sadac manamde mouwia swavlam, goris saostato<br />
seminarias vaJa gansakuTrebuli siTboTi igonebda.<br />
swored gorSi swavlisas (es 1879-1882 wlebia) gamoikveTa<br />
vaJas pirovnuli ierica da misi literaturuli interesebic: aq<br />
daumegobrda igi Sio mRvimels, niko leoniZes (mamas giorgi<br />
leoniZisa), lado aRniaSvils. gorSi imxanad xalxosnuri wre<br />
yalibdeboda _ sofrom mgalobliSvili, miSo yifiani _ mfarveli<br />
da sayvareli maswavlebeli vaJasi.<br />
vaJas gansakuTrebiT mfarvelobda agreTve seminariis direqtori<br />
dimitri semionovi. swored man uTxra aleqsandre xaxa-
naSvils, SemdgomSi cnobil literators, ymawvili vaJas wardgenisas:<br />
`Запомните! Это высшая поэтическая натура!~ (yubaneiSvili<br />
1937: 111).<br />
semionovissave xelSewyobiT gamodioda seminariaSi xelnaweri<br />
Jurnali _ `riJraJi~. baCanam, romelic amave seminariaSi<br />
swavlobda, saguldagulod gadawera `riJraJis~ aTi egzempliari.<br />
erTi egzempliari aqedan mowafeebma ilias gaugzavnes, er-<br />
Ti kidev _ sergi mesxs gazeT `droebaSi~.<br />
vaJas ymawviluri debiuti `riJraJSi~ _ jer kidev gaubedavi<br />
kalmiT naweri leqsi `yarsis brZola~ mainc ar darCenila yuradRebis<br />
gareSe _ Jurnalma `imedma~ gamoaqveyna 1881 wels. am<br />
droisaTvis vaJas amave JurnalSi kidev oriode leqsi aqvs gamoqveynebuli,<br />
xolo gazeT `droebaSi~ _ ramdenime korespondencia<br />
fSav-xevsureTidan.<br />
vaJasTan gorSi damegobrebul aleqsandre garsevaniSvils<br />
ase damaxsovrebia Tavisi fSaveli amxanagi: `ramdenadac me SevamCnie,<br />
luka razikaSvili metad mgrZnobiare pirovneba iyo.<br />
sulieri gancda xSirad ecvleboda. xan iyo metad mxiaruli da<br />
saubris moyvare, xan sul ocnebobda da aseT dros laparakic<br />
erideboda, xan brZolas natrulobda da yvelierSi krivSic monawileobas<br />
iRebda. amxanagebs xan lmobierad eqceoda, xan dacinvac<br />
icoda~ (yubaneiSvili 1937: 128).<br />
luka razikaSvilis siymawvilisdroindeli leqsebi imJamindeli<br />
qarTuli poeziis Cveul kalapots mihyvebian:<br />
rodis iqneba, SeevikriboT, Zmano, erTada<br />
da davayviroT kidiT-kides mkvnesi naRara,<br />
mis tkbilsa xmazed mxiarulad, giJmaJurada,<br />
Tavisuflada vTamaSobdeT aRmar-daRmara?!<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 419)<br />
es pirveli strofia Jurnal `imedSi~ 1882wels gamoqveynebuli<br />
vaJas leqsisa `rodis iqneba~.<br />
43
gadis ramdenime weli da raRac naTelxilvis wams vaJa mixvdeba:<br />
is, risi Tqmac mas unda, Jurnal-gazeTebSi amokiTxuli<br />
leqsebis eniT ar iTqmis, sxvagvarad unda iTqvas, akvanSi rom<br />
Caesmoda fandurze namReri leqsebi, swored im eniT, im intonaciiT,<br />
im xmovanebiT unda ametyveldes... maSin misi `cvalebadi<br />
xasiaTic~ ukeT gamJRavndeba da misi Cagubebuli gancdebic ufro<br />
iolad gamoiTqmis:<br />
44<br />
Tu mamklav, isev Sen mamklav,<br />
qalav, TavdaxriT mcinaro,<br />
dRes Cemis piris mkocnelo,<br />
xval sxvisTvis ZuZus mCinaro.<br />
wyeuli iyos RvTisagan<br />
is dRe, rodesac vnaxeo<br />
Seni fofina Tvalebi<br />
da moelvare saxeo!..<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 51)<br />
`aTi wlisa ukve Seyvarebuli gaxldiT, _ werda vaJa Tavis<br />
daumTavrebel avtobiografiul narkvevSi, _ magram ramdenadac<br />
Zlieri iyo es Cemi siyvaruli, imdenad, gaubedavi, damaluli,<br />
usityvo, iseTi, rom vgoneb vinc miyvarda imanac ar icoda;<br />
me ki Tu mudam dRe ar menaxa TvaliT, movkvdebodi, ris gamoc,<br />
roca dros vixelTebdi, unda gavqceuliyavi iq, saca Cemi `satrfo”<br />
meguleboda, rom TvaliT damenaxa, davmtkbariyavi misi<br />
cqeriT. Cemi siyvarulisa meve mrcxvenoda, es siyvaruli dana-<br />
Saulad mimaCnda da rogor ganucxadebdi Cems satrfos,... vidre<br />
ar davvaJkacdi da imisa, vinc miyvarda, colad SerTva ar ganvizraxe,<br />
verc siyvarulis gamocxadeba gavbede...~ (vaJa-fSavela<br />
1961e: 439).<br />
is, visi colad SerTvac ganizraxa da siyvaruli gamoucxada<br />
25 wlis vaJam, ekaterine nebieriZe gaxldaT _ ukanono Svili<br />
Tavad oTar amilaxvarisa, adre gaTxovili da adreve daqvrive-
uli. am garemoebas xeli ar SeuSlia kekesaTvis, rogorc mas Sinaurebi<br />
eZaxdnen, bavSviviT xalisiani da gulRia darCeniliyo.<br />
tanadac patara yofila da vaJas Zmebi, romlebasac keke Zalzed<br />
uyvardaT, xelSi ayvanils TojinasaviT aTamaSebdnen Turme.<br />
keke vaJam amilaxvrebis ojaxSi gaicno, oTaraSenSi, goris<br />
maxloblad. daqvrivebuli keke aq mibrunda, radgan sxva patroni<br />
ar hyavda. kacma rom Tqvas, vaJac usaxsrobam miiyvana amilaxvrebis<br />
ojaxSi Sinamaswavleblad. axladdabrunebuli iyo peterburgidan,<br />
sadac universitetSi swavlis xarjebs ver gaswvda<br />
da etyoba, swored amilaxvrebTan erTgvari Sesvenebis<br />
dros apirebda samomavlo gzis arCevas.<br />
gangebis nebiT, erTi mTavari arCevani mas swored am ojaxSi<br />
eloda. mTeli Semdgomi TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi kekes xalisi<br />
da siTbo Sehqonda CargalSi gamomwyvdeuli `razikaanT<br />
devis~ arcTu iol cxovrebaSi.<br />
vaJa ar miekuTvneboda mamakacis im tips, romelsac guli<br />
ar SeekumSeba lamazi qalis danaxvisas. piriqiT, advilad aalebadi<br />
da etyoba, zogjer Zneli mosaTokic yofila. ise rom, kekes<br />
uTuod gauqreboda xolme misTvis Cveuli mxiaruli gamometyveleba,<br />
rodesac xatobaze an dReobaSi (wirva-locvaze vaJa ar<br />
dadioda) qmris mravlismetyvel mzeras gaayolebda Tvals, anda<br />
SublSeWmuxvnili kiTxulobda mis grZnobamoZalebul striqonebs<br />
da ver daedgina, misdami iyo miZRvnili es leqsi, Tu<br />
faruli moqiSpe hyavda da meti sixizle marTebda:<br />
Senma survilma damlia,<br />
Senze fiqrma da sevdama,<br />
Sors wasvlam, xSirad gayrama,<br />
gulis TvalebiT xedvama;<br />
maocebs Seni gamzrdeli,<br />
vinc Sen gagzarda dedama...<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 92)<br />
45
es leqsi, `siyvaruli~ 1891 welsaa dawerili. vaJa am dros<br />
ocdaaTi wlisaa: sisxam diliT, mxarze celgadebuli midis igi<br />
kurdRelaanT-sulis goraze _ saTibavad, xolo Ram-RamobiT,<br />
Wraqis Suqze patara sawer magidas ubrundeba, sadac gangebis<br />
madliani xeli atarebs mis kalams.<br />
swored am kalmiT gakvalul gzas mivadevnoT Tvali.<br />
rogor unda icxovros adamianma qveyanaSi, romelic siyalbeze<br />
da Zalmomreobazea agebuli; rogor unda icxovros, rom<br />
sulSi sikeTisa da TanagrZnobis naperwkali SeinarCunos; rogor<br />
unda icxovros, rom waqceulis miSveliebisas TviTonac ar<br />
waiqces; rom sisustis wams, ZlierTa banaks ar miekedlos _ maT<br />
mitacebul nadavls daxarbebuli; rogor unda icxovros, rom<br />
STamomavalT ar rcxvenodeT misi saxelis da Soridan ar uvlidnen<br />
mis saflavs? _ am kiTxvebiTaa daserili vaJas `Cemi<br />
vedreba~.<br />
mecxramete saukunis qarTuli poeziis Temebisa da problemebis<br />
polifoniaSi sul ufro da ufro mkveTrad gaismoda es<br />
maradiuli kiTxvebi. kiTxvebi, romelTaTvisac pasuxis gacemas<br />
TviT cxovreba moiTxovda adamianisagan, xolo es adamiani, Tavis<br />
mxriv, sul ufro da ufro xSirad xelovnebas, poets apyrobda<br />
mzeras.<br />
am kiTxvebze dafiqrebisas, poeti ukve veRaravis mimarTavda<br />
dasaxmareblad. mxolod RmerTi Tu iqneboda misi Semwe. egebis,<br />
swored amitom, vaJa-fSavelas es leqsi swored RmerTisadmi<br />
mimarTvis formiTaa dawerili.<br />
`Cemi vedreba~ aerTianebs vaJas pirovnul da SemoqmedebiT<br />
ideals; misi koncefcia aq mniSvnelovanwilad imeorebs iliasa<br />
da akakis moqalaqeobriv mimarTebas, magram, amasTanave, aris<br />
erTi, wminda vaJaseuli Strixi `Cem vedrebaSi~, romelic esoden<br />
gansxvavebul elfers aZlevs mis programul leqss: es gaxlavT<br />
sagangebod xazgasmuli (SesaZloa, iliasa da akakis koncefci-<br />
46
asTan ramdenadme Sinaganad dapiripirebulic ki) pozicia `uCinari”<br />
da `Tavmodrekili~ Semoqmedisa.<br />
programul leqsSi vaJam ar isurva eris moZRvaris piedestalze<br />
mdgariyo. ara mxolod imitom, rom es piedestali ukve<br />
dakavebuli iyo; sxvaTa Soris, vgoneb, arc imitom, rom aranairi<br />
ambicia ar gaaCnda (ase rom iyos, ufro martivi suraTi iqneboda).<br />
vaJam Tavissave Sinagan bunebasTan misadagebuli gza air-<br />
Cia: swored aqedan modis `Cemi vedrebis~ Tavmodreka, `balaxad<br />
yofnis~ survili. religiis rangSi ayvanili es upretenzio<br />
rwmena, xelovnebisaTvis (da moyvasisaTvis) uCinrad msaxurebis<br />
mowodeba iSviaT da samudamod dasamaxsovrebel elfers aZlevs<br />
am usevado satevariviT sada, magram Jangmiukarebel striqonebs:<br />
RmerTo, miiRe vedreba,<br />
es Cemi saTxovaria:<br />
ar damekargos gulidam<br />
me Seni saxsovaria!<br />
guls nu gamitex tanjvaSi,<br />
mamyofe Seudrkelada;<br />
vfxizlobde, mudam mzad viyo<br />
daCagrulebis mcvelada.<br />
balaxi viyo saTibi,<br />
ara mwadian celoba;<br />
cxvradve mamyofe iseva,<br />
oRond amSordes mgeloba;<br />
ar wamixdino, meufev,<br />
es Cemi wminda xeloba!<br />
maSrome sakeTiloda,<br />
Tund ar movimko nayofi,<br />
SvilT sagmod ar gamixado<br />
Cemi mudmivi samyofi.<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a:110)<br />
47
_ ai, erTi im leqsTagani, Wraqis Suqze rom iwereboda fSauri<br />
Ramis siCumeSi, romelSic mxolod vaJas mZinare col-Svilis<br />
mSvidi sunTqva moismoda da drodadro, Soridan _ totiamglis<br />
gabmuli ymuili...<br />
es ymuili Tu daufrTxobda Zils romelime bavSvTagans, gasusuli<br />
rom iwva da Wreli sabnis qveSidan cnobismoyvare Tvals<br />
ar acilebda poet mamas.<br />
vaJas ufrosi qaliSvili, Tamari igonebda: `erT Rames gvianobamde<br />
ar dameZina. Cumad vadevnebdi Tvalyurs mamaCemis weras.<br />
vxedavdi: adgeboda, xan erT kedels miaCerdeboda, xan<br />
meores. mimodioda oTaxSi: mividoda, daswerda, kvlav gaivlgamoivlida.<br />
xan fandurs CamoiRebda kedlidan, daukravda da<br />
daamRerebda:<br />
Tavis patroni enacvlos,<br />
Tavis TvalyviTel cicasa...<br />
(razikaSvili 1961: 69)<br />
gvian RamiT, rodesac ukve cnobismoyvare Tamaric karga xnis<br />
CaZinebuli iyo, xolo TvalyviTela cica-kata CoCxonia dambali<br />
xaWoTi gamaspinZlebuli, vaJa sawols miaSurebda.<br />
`mamas sawolze daTvis tyavi iyo gadafarebuli, _ igonebda<br />
Tamari, _ daTvis tyavze nabdis qeCa efina. qeCaze vefxvis<br />
tyavi exata. sawolis TavTan kedelze mikruli iyo irmis da jixvis<br />
rqebi. agreTve arwivis mxrebi, brWyalebi ekida. iqve, kedelze<br />
Camokidebuli iyo far-xmali, ori Tofi: erTi berdanka da<br />
erTic ainali. kedelze ekida didi fanduri~ (razikaSvili 1961: 68).<br />
kekes, vaJas colis, patara taxti, fSauri adaTis mixedviT,<br />
calke unda mdgariyo. da iyo kidec mopirdapire kedelTan<br />
midgmuli.<br />
diliT, roca mzis pirveli sxivi daecemoda ivlianT goras,<br />
vaJa pirze wyals Seisxamda, Taflisfer wverze gadaisvamda<br />
48
xels da gaxedavda Carglulas xeobas, samebis mTas da saraydris<br />
gors _ ramdenjer CasZinebia mis kalTaze xevsureTidan mobrunebuls...<br />
mere, Cafiqrebuli, TavisTvis Caidudunebda:<br />
mTas vucqer yel-moRerebuls,<br />
mTelis xmeleTis mflobelsa,<br />
Tvis dReSi creml-dard unaxvels,<br />
arvisTvis arris mTxovnelsa...<br />
imeorebs vaJa am leqss da `amJamindeli xedvis siame~ momavalze<br />
fiqriT ewamleba _ `riT dasruldeba siturfe sicocxlis,<br />
mTisa, barisa?~ _ mere, TiTqos gaurbis am kiTxvas, Tavissave<br />
Tavs ubrundeba, Tavis mrwamssa da mizans:<br />
... oRond me Cemi wadili<br />
da mRelvareba gulisa<br />
vasrulo, azrs vemsaxuro,<br />
erTguli viyo rjulisa:<br />
vakeTo, raca mwadian,<br />
rac miyvars, raca mwyurisa...<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 169-170)<br />
es leqsi _ `mTas vucqer yelmoRerebuls~ XIX saukunis<br />
miwurulsaa dawerili _ 1899 wels. vaJa ukve aRiarebuli poetia<br />
da am aRiarebaSi didi wvlilia ilia WavWavaZisa.<br />
iakob mansvetaSvils Cauweria `iveriis~ redaqciaSi vaJas<br />
stiqiuri `literaturuli saRamos~ (Tavis `moxucis naTqvams~<br />
kiTxulobda Turme) iliaseuli Sefaseba: `_ ara, Cven Zvelebma<br />
axla kalami unda Zirs davsdvaT! gza vaJas unda davuTmoT!~<br />
(mansvetaSvili 1936: 107).<br />
artur laistic igives werda Tavis `saqarTvelos gulSi~:<br />
`...ilias CemTvis uTqvams: “vaJa-fSavela aris genialuri figura<br />
da yvelafriT ganirCeva Tanamedrove poetebisagano.” (laisti<br />
1963: 76).<br />
49
am droisaTvis vaJas ukve dawerili aqvs `gogoTur da af-<br />
Sina”, `aluda qeTelauri”, “baxtrioni”, `stumar-maspinZeli”...<br />
`Svlis nukris naambobis” da `quCis” gamoqveynebisTanave Tavisi<br />
erTguli mkiTxveli gauCnda vaJas moTxrobebsac. im moTxrobebs,<br />
leqsebTan da poemebTan<br />
erTad xurjiniT rom Camohqonda Carglidan TbilisSi. aq an<br />
pirdapir `iveriis” redaqcias miadgeboda, an ioseb imedaSvils<br />
aakiTxavda mTawmindaze. saRamos ki mleTis quCisaken gaswevda,<br />
sadac Cveulebriv Cerdeboda xolme Tavis umcros ZmasTan _<br />
sandrosTan.<br />
ioseb imedaSvili ase aRwerda vaJas iers: `Sua tanisaze ufro<br />
maRali, welSi aSoltili, saxe gamxdari, ufro xmeli, bolo xanebSi<br />
cimbiris wyluliT calTvalatirebuli, dinji, darbaiseli,<br />
Tavaziani. xandaxan ifeTqebda xolme, magram sulis simSvides<br />
mudam inarCunebda, ar vici raTa, magram vaJas mixra-moxrasa<br />
da laparaks rom vukvirdebodi, uneblieT zezva, luxumi da sxva<br />
msgavsni gmirni warmomidgebodnen xolme.<br />
metad sadad icvamda, ubralo, sofleli fSaveli glexisagan<br />
ver gaarCevdiT. muqi feris moSavo an moyavisfro Coxa, Salis<br />
sakanWeebi, uyelo<br />
Custebi, tyavis qamari, galibandis qudi, moyviTalo yabalaxi,<br />
_ ai, misi morTuloba, ganuSorebeli nabdiTa da xanjliT.<br />
TbilisSi Camosvlisas, yelze mogdebul maudis yabalaxSi<br />
ganuSoreblad elaga Roris lurTi, xmiadis Roris qoniani natexi,<br />
saredaqciod dawerili leqsebi, poemebi, werilebi da<br />
lesingis `laokooni”. “ (imedaSvili 1978: 209).<br />
TbilisSi vaJa metwilad Soba-axalwlebze da saaRdgomod<br />
Camodioda. zogjer, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, ama Tu im<br />
mwerlis, msaxiobis iubileze an dakrZalvaze. dedaqalaqSi mas<br />
Tavisi wre hyavda megobar-amxanagebisa: ivane buqurauli, niko<br />
kurdRelaSvili, Sio mRvimeli, irodion evdoSvili... TavSeyra<br />
iseT sardafSi uyvardaT, romelsac ufro ubralo xalxi eta-<br />
50
neboda _ mirianaSvilisa magaliTad, an `qosebTan”. aq, kaxuri<br />
RviniT SemTbarni, xan qalaqis ambebs uyvebodnen vaJas, xan ki,<br />
Tu Zalian Caajindebodnen, Tavis romelsame axal leqssac waakiTxebdnen:<br />
sityva gadvagde erSia,<br />
sityva, ra sityva? _ euli,<br />
tanjulis gulis nacremli,<br />
varmiT nakvebi, sneuli,<br />
gul-gagmiruli, beCavi,<br />
Tavs mandil-Camoxeuli!<br />
ase wva-dagviT gazrdilma,<br />
ras vifiqrebdi, ixara...<br />
wvers margaliti moisxa,<br />
tani zurmuxtiT ifara...<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 128)<br />
vaJa leqsis kiTxvas rom CaamTavrebda da pirveli aRtaceba<br />
Cacxreboda, erT-erTi mis megobarTagan, uTuod, kiTxavda eSmakuri<br />
RimiliT: `kaco, Sen is vaJa-fSavela ara xar, am ori wlis<br />
win `iveriis~ redaqcias rom misweres _ ra gaaWireT saqme Tqveni<br />
vaJa-fSavelaTi, ar ajobebs artem axnazarovis leqsebi<br />
beWdoTo?~<br />
axla TviTon vaJasac eRimeboda am anonomiur werilze, magram<br />
ukanasknel xans `iveriis” TanamSromlebs raRac gulgaciebas<br />
aSkarad atyobda: ramdenime SeTavazebuli nawarmoebi ar<br />
gamouqveynes, gamoqveynebulSi _ fuli ar misces... da, amasTan<br />
erTad, kidev sajarod Wkuas aswavlidnen _ peterburgSi studenturi<br />
salaros vali rom gadevs, ratom ar ubrunebo?<br />
icodnen ki, rom redaqciebidan aRebuli aTi Tu TxuTmeti<br />
maneTi navTsa da marilze Zlivs yofnida, col-Svili Caucmeldauxuravi<br />
daudioda, TviTon, rac es wyeuli cimbiris wyluli<br />
Seeyara _ Camoxma, gverds itkiebda da Zveleburi jani aRar<br />
mosdevda...<br />
51
araa gasakviri, rom aseT gunebaganwyobilebaze dawerili<br />
leqsi _ `nugeSi mgosnisa~ vaJas `iveriis~ redaqciaSi aRar miutania,<br />
Jurnal `moambeSi~ gamoaqveyna:<br />
52<br />
vnugeSob swored sanugeSoca:<br />
gulze medeba cecxlis genia,<br />
qveynis sargoda fiqriT gamsWvaluls<br />
avi me ara Camidenia;<br />
vin ras gaigebs, an vin ra icis,<br />
ramdenjer cxare cremli mdenia?!<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 129)<br />
wyena da gulistkivili awerinebda vaJas am striqonebs. ramdenime<br />
kacs amags rogor dauviwyebda _ ilias, ioseb imedaSvils,<br />
mariam demurias... magram sxvani?.. im cali, saRi TvaliT<br />
SeuniSnavs: _ rogor awrialdebodnen xolme masTan Sexvedrisas,<br />
rogor cdilobdnen Cqara gasclodnen _ eSinodaT maTTvis<br />
guli ar daemZimebina.<br />
isev megobar mwerals Tu SesCivlebs: `qarTuli literatura<br />
aba rogor unda ganviTardes, roca mwerlebs lukma-puris ZebnaSi<br />
suli amosdiT, Cemi dRenia vwer da ramdenadac vici, qar-<br />
Tul sazogadoebas moswons es Cemi nawerebi, magram ra gamovida,<br />
suli kbiliT miWiravs. Cems nivTier gaWirvebas da Seviwroebas<br />
bolo ar uCans, navTi da marili raa, ojaxSi Tavisuflad da<br />
gabedviT ver Semomitania. mzis Casvlisas qaTamsaviT Tvalebs<br />
vxuWav da logins Tavs vafareb. cecxli araa, lobiosaTvis marilis<br />
Sovnac geZnelebodes, aseT pirobebSi vis scalia literaturis<br />
ganviTarebaze ifiqros. zogjer didi survili maqvs<br />
Cavimuxlo da raime davwero, masala blomad momepoveba, magram<br />
gana SemiZlia guldamSvidebiT vwero, roca Tvalwin saxrCobelasaviT<br />
mexateba Cemi nivTieri umweo mdgomareoba, Cemi col-<br />
Svilis lukma-puris mosapoveblad yoveldRiurad tanjva da<br />
vaeba. gana vaJa aseT rameebze unda fiqrobdes, aseT wvrilman
saqmeebSi unda abandebdes Tavis Tavisufal drosa da mocaleobas!<br />
“ (aleqsandre miqaberiZis mogonebidan).<br />
sakuTari sulmokleobis Segrcxveba kacs, vaJas am sityvebs<br />
rom usmen. amasTanave roca ici, rogor axerxebs `razikaanT<br />
devi~ mainc Caimuxlos leqsis sawerad, sZlios daRlas, SimSils,<br />
sicives, sibneles da kvari aanTos, raTa zeSTagonebiT suleTidan<br />
gamoxmobilma gmirebma advilad miagnon mis ganaTebul<br />
sarkmels...<br />
xandaxan, Zalzed imedgadawuruli rom uyurebda Tavis TanamedroveT,<br />
vaJa imasac fiqrobda, verc veranairi saswauli, verc<br />
miTologiuri warsulidan gamoxmobili raindebi, `piroflianebi~,<br />
rogorc maT fSavSi uwodebdnen, verc sakuTriv misi Wir-<br />
TaTmenis magaliTi, ver uSvelida TavTavianT niJarebSi Camalul<br />
am patara adamianebs, ver gaaerTianebda, verc kacuri da<br />
verc erovnuli Rirsebis grZnobas ver STaunergavda.<br />
aki wamoiwyebs kidec Tavis simRera-moTqmas:<br />
da unugeSod askvnis:<br />
beds momlodine ubedo davrCi,<br />
gamwarda Cemi sicocxle-yofa.<br />
ra mivutano ambavi gmirTa?<br />
riT vanugeSo samSoblos mcvelni?<br />
nuTu is vuTxra: Zleul viqmeniT,<br />
saqarTveloze xaroben mterni?!<br />
vai, ra cud dros janRi dagveca,<br />
vai, ra cud dros gagvityda gemi;<br />
vai, ra fuWad guli vaZgere,<br />
ukvalod rCeba navali Cemi!<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 156)<br />
53
am, bolo sityvebis, me mgoni, TviTon vaJasac ar sjeroda:<br />
SeiZleba imitomac ar Seitana es leqsi _ `beds momlodine ubedo<br />
davrCi” Tavis TxzulebaTa pirvel krebulSi, romelic qar-<br />
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelma sazogadoebam<br />
1899 wlis dekemberSi gamosca.<br />
kars iyo momdgari axali, meoce saukune, axali, momavlis imediT<br />
TvalanTebuli Taoba modioda da vaJa, raRa Tqma unda,<br />
grZnobda, rom swored am Taobas sWirdeboda axla sxvaze metad<br />
misi SavqarqaSiani xanjliT gamoTlili sityvac da misi qedmouxreli<br />
cxovrebis magaliTic.<br />
axal, 1900 wels da axal, meoce saukunes Tbilisi sazeimo<br />
paraklisiTa da mTavarmmarTeblis sasaxleSi gamarTuli mejlisiT<br />
Seegeba. CargalSi, axali weli, cxadia, gacilebiT ufro<br />
mokrZalebiT aRiniSneboda: patara tablaze ewyo xinkali, frinveli,<br />
Tevzi, qada, Txili, panta, Tedos gamogzavnili Tafli,<br />
dambali xaWo da xaviwi _ vaJas sayvareli kerZebi, vaJassave<br />
gamoxdili pantis arayi...<br />
tablas oTxni usxdnen: vaJa, keke da maTi ufrosi qal-vaJi-<br />
Tamari da levani. umcross _ mariams ukve eZina. levans da<br />
Tamars eamayebodaT, rom saaxalwlo sufrasTan dasves da cdilobdnen<br />
ar CaeTvlimaT. kekes lamaz saxes daRliloba emCneoda<br />
_ mTeli dRis najafi iyo da amasTanave meoTxe bavSvze orsuli.<br />
adaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenime sadRegrZelo Seisva.<br />
kekes da bavSvebs quTuToebi daumZimdaT, stumari mezobelTagan<br />
jer ar Canda. da vaJa Tavis safiqrals mieca: `am axal-wlis<br />
damdegs es fiqri modis Zala-uneburad, rom yvelam moinanios<br />
warsulis wlis Secodebani da axals wels mivegebneT axlis ZaliT,<br />
mxneobiT, gul-wrfelad da CaviWidoT Rrmad gulSi es<br />
mcneba: saca vcxovrobT, da romlis qveynis Svilebica varT,<br />
romeli qveynis puriT, RviniT, wyliT da haeriT vsazrdoobT,<br />
imas vargoT ram, vakeToT imis sasargeblod Cvenis Zal-Ronis<br />
54
dagvarad rac-ki SegviZlian, romeli asparezic unda iyos...”<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961e: 409).<br />
es nawyveti Tavisi saaxalwlo werilidan vaJas zepirad axsovda<br />
da fiqrobda, rom momavalSi levans aucileblad waaki-<br />
Txebda Tavis Canawerebs...<br />
kidev kargi, vaJa ise wavida am qveynidan, rom ar moswrebia<br />
misi vaJiSvilis daxvretas 1923 wels, qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da<br />
misi razmelebis xelSewyobis braldebiT.<br />
vaJas umcrosi qaliSvili gulqani, swored im 1900 wels dabadebuli,<br />
SemdgomSi, ukve xandazmulobisas moTqmiT yveboda:<br />
`arc erT qveyanas ara hyavo, ician, egeTi bunebis mgosanio. hoda,<br />
erTi vaJiSvili hyvanda da isic Tavis qveyanam moukla<br />
vaJasa, isic qarTvelebma...~ (razikaSvili 1991: 62).<br />
keke gulqanis Semdgom fexmZimobas gadahyva, _ 1901 wlis<br />
miwuruls. Tivis bululi moukidebia zurgze da muceli<br />
moSlia...<br />
vaJa am dros yvarelSi iyo dasTan da siZesTan: imedi hqonda,<br />
rom sanovagesa da Rvinos wamoiRebda saSobaod da naTlobisaTvis,<br />
Tan moinadirebda rasme... swored nadirobis dros Seatyobines<br />
kekes ambavi.<br />
colis dasaflavebas vaJam ver mouswro da es danaSaulis<br />
grZnobac zed erTvoda mis eldas da tkivils, ramdenime xnis<br />
Semdeg cremlnarev striqonebad gamoTqmuls:<br />
ias uTxariT turfasa:<br />
mova da SegWams Wiao,<br />
magre moxdeniT, lamazo,<br />
Tavi rom agiRiao!<br />
Sen Tu ggonia sicocxle<br />
samoTxis kari Riao;<br />
nu moxval, miwas efare,<br />
mosvlaSi ara yriao.<br />
nu naxavs mzesa, inanebs,<br />
55
56<br />
gana sul mudam mzeao!<br />
miwav, Sen gebarebodes<br />
es Cemi turfa iao,<br />
Sen upatrone, emSoble,<br />
rogorac Seni zneao.<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 202)<br />
idga TavCaqindruli vaJa kekes obol saflavTan da aTasi rame<br />
agondeboda: rogor gabmiT kioda keke, oTaraSenidan Cargal-<br />
Si rom mohyavda mayrions da gzad vaJas Cxubi rom SeemTxva (ma-<br />
Sin iyo, viRacam uwmawurad wamoiwyo _ `uCitels mohyavs qalio...~);<br />
axsendeboda misi xalisiani sicili da mravlismetyveli<br />
amoxedva... raRac, Zalzed sufTa da kargi, Zalzed saTuTi samudamod<br />
wavida misi cxovrebidan. ormocdaori wlisa arc iyo da<br />
iseTi SegrZneba hqonda, rom cxovreba damTavrda da es oTxi,<br />
sacodavi bavSvi rom ara, am patara borcvTan TviTonac samudamod<br />
miiZinebda...<br />
cxovreba ki Tavisas moiTxovda _ sul ufro Wirda udiasaxliso<br />
ojaxis gaZRola. drodadro maRaroskaridan baCana<br />
amoakiTxavda _ ai, maSin genaxaT bavSvebis sixaruli _ anebivrebda<br />
oblebs; xan romelime mezobeli datrialdeboda saxlSi.<br />
magram erTxel, kekes gardacvalebidan ori weli rom iyo gasuli,<br />
vaJa, TiTqos im qveynidan uCinari dasturi miiRoo, sasaflaodan<br />
raRac gansxvavebuli nabijiT mobrunda da Tavisi cxenis<br />
_ nikoris Sekazmvas Seudga.<br />
gezi gudamayrisaken eWira, sofel xorxisaken. erTi iqauri<br />
axalgazrda qali eguleboda, qmarTan ubrad myofi _ Tamar<br />
didebaSvili da axla undoda mamamiss molaparakeboda. baCanac<br />
Tan axlda. `didebaT giorgis~ _ Tamaris mamas, gudamayruli<br />
sijiutiT rom gamoirCeoda, arc amjerad uRalatnia Tavisi TavisaTvis:<br />
fSavelebs rame ar SeeSaloT, aqedan qals aravis ar<br />
vatan, Tan aseT meojaxeso! magram cota Jipitaurma qna Tavis
saqme, cota baCanas diplomatiam da, molaparakebisamebr, meore<br />
Camosvlaze fSavelma sasiZom qali Tan gaiyola.<br />
Tamari ki marTlac kargi meojaxe gamodga. oRond, kekesagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, utexi xasiaTisa iyo, veravin dajabnida da drodadro<br />
vaJas iseTive sayvedurebis mosmena uwevda, rogorc misi<br />
poemis _ `gvelis-mWamelis~ gmirs _ mindias, Tavisi colisagan.<br />
axla, albaT marTlac droa gavixsenoT es poema _ `vaJafSavelas<br />
qmnilebaTagan yvelaze metad Rrma da mSvenieri~, _<br />
rogorc grigol robaqiZe werda, gavixsenoT, ra dagvixata ise-<br />
Ti am `ganmWvretma mwyemsma~ da `mkvdreTiT aRmdgarma Zem miTologiuri<br />
warsulisa~, XX saukunis zRurblze, rom mTeli saukunea,<br />
sulganabulni CavcqeriT mis siRrmes da bolomde ver<br />
amogvixsnia mis fskerze gamosaxuli idumali qaragma...<br />
dRes, rodesac adamianma garSemo mimoixeda, uecrad aRmoaCina,<br />
ra uqna gare samyaros: rogor gaCexa da amobuga tyeebi,<br />
daRara da dasera mTis kalTebi; sicocxle Cakla im tbebSi da<br />
mdinareebSi, romelTa amoSrobac ver moaswro; gamofita da<br />
mowamla is miwa, romlis madliTac aqamde arsebobda; dabolos<br />
_ gawyvetis piramde miiyvana yovelive sulieri, rac ki<br />
darboda, curavda Tu dafrinavda am miwaze, am wyalsa da haerSi.<br />
kacobriobis did maswavlebelTagan mxolod ramdenimem iwinaswarmetyvela,<br />
rom buneba rodesme samagieros gadauxdis<br />
Tavis yovlisSemZleobiT gaampartavnebul adamians da martodmartos<br />
datovebs cxovrebis damSrali mdinaris usicocxlo,<br />
uxmo da uCrdilo napirze...<br />
qarTveli kacisaTvis aseTi maswavlebeli vaJa-fSavela iyo.<br />
vaJam `gvelis-mWamelSi~ iqadaga, rom buneba _ RvTaebrivi<br />
harmoniis gamovlinebaa, adamiani ki _ am harmoniis nawili da<br />
rogoric ar unda iyos misi saamwuTiero interesebi, igi sabolood<br />
ganwiruli iqneba, Tu bunebis grZneul enas ar miugdebs<br />
yurs, mis uxilav sulierebas ar iwamebs da mis tkivils ar<br />
gaiziarebs.<br />
57
vaJa ar moiTxovda mindiasTan absolutur msgavsebas: sxva<br />
rom araferi iyos, TviTon ubadlo monadire iyo. mindia _ esaa<br />
saxe-idea, miuRweveli zneobrivi mwvervali, romlis warmosaxul<br />
arsebobasac ki garkveuli, eTikuri ganzomileba Semoaqvs<br />
garemosadmi Cvens mimarTebaSi.<br />
aseve aRiqmeba mTeli wyeba vaJas istoriuli da miTologiuri<br />
gmirebisa _ imedi sazikauli, gigi, xuzaur gogolauri,<br />
xirCla baburauli, ximikauri, RaWaura, sumelji wowkolauri...<br />
_ `kai ymis~ saxeliT gaerTianebuli Zveli yaidis raindebi, xatobaSi<br />
`sakargymo~ luds pirvelebs rom miarTmeven da vaJasaTvis<br />
mTeli misi cxovrebis ganuSorebel ideals rom warmoadgenen:<br />
58<br />
karg ymad vina vsTqvaT, vaJebo,<br />
naTqvami ara gvcxvenodes,<br />
msmenlis guls aborgovebdes,<br />
aravis ara swyenodes?<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 282)<br />
vaJam `kai ymaSi~ dasmul am kiTxvaze mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT<br />
gasca pasuxi: advilia samarTlianobaze abstraqtulad wera,<br />
magram vin gabedavda, vaJas meti, sasamarTlo darbazSi msajulis<br />
mikerZoebiT aRSfoTebuls, misTvis skami gaeqanebina, boqaulisaTvis<br />
sila gaewna, gzir-nacval-mamasaxlisisaTvis medlebi<br />
aeyara, mazris ufross ar Sepueboda... maSindeli ufrosebi<br />
egeni iyvnen da iqiT eSinodaT, ramiT ar gaenawyenebinaT vaJa.<br />
maTac gaugebs kaci _ aba, midiT da gaanawyeneT aseTi devgmiri:<br />
`cxenze ijda wylisfer CoxaSi gamowyobili mxarbeWiani vaJkaci,<br />
TofiT da xmal-xanjliT SeiaraRebuli. mkerdze ubis<br />
masrebi ekeTa da Tavze maRali fafaxi exura~.<br />
axla xasiaTs Tu ikiTxavT: `sofels misi SiSiT veravin daCagravda,<br />
miT umetes Cven, axlo mezoblebs, _ igonebda erTi misi<br />
mezobelTagani, _ kato cqifaSvili, _ Cvens axlos, lukas Si-
SiT, verc tyismcveli gaivlida. luka mTeli soflis imedi iyo.<br />
lukas xaTriT verc momijnave soflebi gvedavebodnen saTibsaxnavebs.<br />
samarTliani iyo da usamarTlobas aravis mouTmenda, daCagvras<br />
aravis SearCenda~ (yubaneiSvili 1937: 382).<br />
vaJas jer TviTon ra hqonda, magram Txovnaze uaris Tqma ar<br />
icoda da momxdara, rom gardacvlili mezoblis qvrivisaTvis<br />
Tavisi erTaderTi gamosasvleli talavari _ Coxa-axaluxi miucia,<br />
zed puri, fuli, sasudro daumatebia da ise gaustumrebia<br />
_ `aha, waiRe, Se beCavo. im kacs titvels nu damarxavTo~.<br />
axla warmovidginoT, rogor dalocavda vaJas is mezoblis<br />
qvrivi, warmovidginoT vaJassave eTnografiuli Canaweris mixedviT:<br />
`Senamc Segeweva mamis salocavi, Senamc giSvelis Rmer-<br />
Ti. ageb RmerTma gicocxlos col-Svili. isre gicocxlos, rogorc<br />
Sens guls undodes. saca gaiaro, yvelgan gamarjveba<br />
mogces. Seni amjobinos Senis mtrisasa, nuravisi Tvali da guli<br />
mogerios. Cvenis Svelisada RmerTma giSvelos, xel-mxari mSvidobaSi<br />
mogaxmaros. Cvenis daxedvisada, moxedvisada, RmerTma<br />
keTilad gadamaxdevinos. RmerTimc Saeweva Sens jansa. Rmer-<br />
Timc giSvelis _ `aiqamc gagemarjveba, saca xmaln iqmen gelvasa,<br />
mociquloben isarni, Subni iqnevden enasa...~ (vaJa-fSavela<br />
1961e: 61).<br />
magram vaJas misamarTiT sxva sityvebic gaismoda: ase magaliTad,<br />
1907 wels vinme kapitani samonovi, fSav-xevsureTSi politikuri<br />
situaciis dasazverad mefisnacvlis kancelariidan<br />
wargzavnili, werda, rom `vaJa-fSavela, rogorc Wkviani da moqmedi<br />
kaci, romelic ganusazRvreli gavleniT sargeblobs maRaroskarelTa<br />
Soris, revoluciuri situaciis Seqmnas uwyobs<br />
xels da rogorme unda uvnebelvyoTo” (yubaneiSvili 1937: 399).<br />
Tu kargad davufiqrdebiT, ras niSnavs es `uvnebelyofa~,<br />
rodesac xelisuflebas vinme ZvaliviT hyavs yelSi gaCxerili,<br />
magram daWerac ar unda, xmauri rom ar atydes, _ 1907 wels vaJa<br />
59
`SemTxveviT~ tyvias an sxva ram faTeraks gadarCenilad SegviZlia<br />
CavTvaloT...<br />
1905-1907 wlebi _ is droa, rodesac vaJa, romelic arc maincdamainc<br />
malemrwmenia da arc politikur vnebaTaRelvebs CauTrevia<br />
odesme, momavali gamarjvebis imediT ganimsWvala da<br />
brZolasmowyurebuli intonaciiT kiTxulobs leqss, romelsac<br />
`mxedarTa Zveli simRera~ cenzuris Tvalis asaxvevad hqvia:<br />
60<br />
mitom gagvzarda dedama,<br />
misTvis gvetyoda nanasa _<br />
tanze abjari avisxaT,<br />
mudam vlesavdeT danasa,<br />
rom SiSs vugdebdeT gulSia<br />
mezobels metiCarasa.<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1961a: 224)<br />
sul ori weli dasWirda vaJasa da misebri romantikosebis<br />
iluziebis gafantvas: cxovreba Tavis kalapots daubrunda _<br />
nasakiralidan maRaroskaramde.<br />
daubrunda cxovrebis Cveul nirs vaJac _ oRond axla cota<br />
mets mimodioda _ literaturul saRamoebze _ foTSi, gorSi,<br />
WiaTuraSi, quTaisSi; ilias, akakis, lado aleqsi-mesxiSvilis<br />
iubileebze... ilias dakrZalvaze sagangebod Camovida TbilisSi<br />
da iSviaTi tkiviliTa da mRelvarebiT gamsWvaluli sityviT<br />
daemSvidoba saqarTvelos sulier mamas, Tavis ufros<br />
megobarsa da mfarvels.<br />
TviTon vaJasac gadauxades iubile saxazino, dRevandel<br />
operis TeatrSi, 1915 wlis 23 maiss, magram, isedac ferdatkiebuli,<br />
swored imRamindel vaxSamze gacivda da mas Semdeg mxolod<br />
ori Tve icocxla...<br />
iwva vaJa wminda ninos lazareTSi (iq, sadac axla Tbilisis<br />
universitetis pirveli korpusia), martodmarto darCenili
Tavis mware fiqrebTan: Tavisuflebismamkvidrebeli iluziebi<br />
xom daemsxvra, TiTqos raRac muxti gamoecala mis bolodroindel<br />
nawerebsac da amas TviTonac grZnobda: `aluda qeTelauri~<br />
ocdaeqvsi wlisam dawera; `gvelis-mWameli~ _ ormocisam,<br />
magram es poema misi ukanaskneli epiuri Sedevri iyo. bolo aTi-<br />
TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi dawerilma leqsebma ki geronti<br />
qiqoZes aTqmevines: `nelnela kompoziciis da riTmis grZnoba<br />
dahkarga. leqsis virtuozi arasodes ar yofila: SalaSini yovelTvis<br />
aklda, arasodes ar hgvanebia zogierT Tanamedrove<br />
mgosans, pirwmindaT gaparsuls, TmadaxuWuWebuls, parfiumeriiT<br />
gamsWvaluls, magram ukanasknel dros ukiduresobamde<br />
miiyvana texnikuri xalvaToba~ (qiqoZe 1915 ).<br />
1915 wels daweril am werilSi kidev ufro mware sityvebicaa<br />
naTqvami, magram aq citirebas Sevwyvet _ rogorRac yurs<br />
gWriT. da imitom ki ara, rom usamarTloa _ ganvlilma saukunem<br />
gansakuTrebul kvarcxlbekze aiyvana vaJa da dRes Cven TiTqmis<br />
veRarc vamCnevT misi leqsebis didi nawilis poetikur<br />
xalvaTobasa Tu gaumarTaobas. is, rac darCa vaJasi, imdenad<br />
gvxiblavs da gvaRelvebs, rom swored am mwvervalebs SevyurebT<br />
da ara maT ZirSi ganfenil uswormasworo borcvebs.<br />
CakvirvebiT vucqeriT Cven vaJas Sinaganad gaubzaravi cxovrebis<br />
iSviaT magaliTs, CavcqeriT im fotoebs, romlebmac axovani,<br />
iaraRasxmuli `razikaanT devi~ aRbeWdes. magram aris erTi<br />
foto, iSviaTad sulisSemZvreli: esaa suraTi sicxiT gaTanguli,<br />
filtvebSeSupebuli vaJasi, wminda ninos lazareTSi gada-<br />
Rebuli 1915 wlis ivlisSi: fotokameris ulmobelma Tvalma<br />
yvelaferi aRnusxa _ sasowarkveTac, gadarCenis imedic, miusafrobac<br />
sabediswero Jams col-Svils mocilebuli adamianisa,<br />
metwilad mowyalebis dis xels romaa CaWidebuli da swored<br />
amiT uTqmelad iTxovs Svelasac da Tanalmobasac...<br />
vaJas survili iyo CargalSi daemarxaT, magram igi jer didubeSi<br />
dakrZales, xolo oci wlis Semdeg _ mTawmindaze. Car-<br />
61
galSi misi daoblebuli saxli darCa. sadRac iqve, uTuod, trialebs<br />
misi sulic, rogorc mfarveli da daraji ukeTesi mermisis<br />
molodiniT daRlili misi qveynisa...<br />
62<br />
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961a: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
xuT tomad. t. I, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961b: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
xuT tomad. t. II, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961g: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
xuT tomad. t. III, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961d: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
xuT tomad. t. IV, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961e: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
xuT tomad. t. V, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.<br />
iaSvili 2004: iaSvili p. saiubileo-saarqivo gamocema or wignad.<br />
wigni pirveli, Tb.: 2004.<br />
imedaSvili 1978: imedaSvili i. Cemi cxovrebis wigni (mogonebebi).<br />
Tb.: `xelovneba~, 1978.<br />
laisti 1963: laisti a. saqarTvelos guli, Tb.: “literatura da<br />
xelovneba”, 1963.<br />
mansvetaSvili 1937: mansvetaSveli i. mogonebani. Tb.: `federacia~,<br />
1936.<br />
razikaSvili 1991: mama RmerTs Camajyara saxeli. `gulqan razikaSvilis<br />
naambobi. Cawerili eTer TaTaraiZis mier~. Tb.: `gulani~, 1991.<br />
qiqoZe 1915: qiqoZe g. `vaJa-fSavela~. gaz. `saxalxo furceli~,<br />
1915 w., 6 seqt.<br />
yubaneiSvili 1937: yubaneiSvili s. vaJa-fSavela (dokumentebi da<br />
masalebi). Tb.: `saxelgami~, 1937.
eliso kalandariSvili<br />
bibliuri paradigmatikisa da saxismetyvelebis<br />
Taviseburebani vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
bibliuri saxismetyveleba amosavalia yoveli qristiani eris<br />
literaturul-saazrovno gamocdilebisa. universalobisadmi<br />
swrafva warmoSobs saxe-simboloTa iseT sistemas, romelic samyaros<br />
erTianobaSi, mTlianobaSi moiazrebs da ara danawevrebulad,<br />
sekularulad. iqmneba garkveuli arqetipuli modelebi,<br />
romlebic, erTi mxriv, mkacrad reglamentirebulia, Tumca, meore<br />
mxriv, Ria da invariantulia. swored es sinTezi ayalibebs<br />
maT msoflmxedvelobriv da esTetikur bunebas.<br />
Seucnoblisa da Secnobadis, mdgradisa da medinis, waruvalisa<br />
da sasrulis antinomiuri SeerTebis safuZvelze aRmocendeba<br />
erTiani xedvis, mimarTulebis mqone msoflgancda, uzenaess<br />
damorCilebuli subieqti baZva-ziarebis gziT unda daubrundes<br />
pirvelsawyisebs, masSi unda aRdges pirvelqmnili, idealuri<br />
harmonia.<br />
bibliuri saxismetyveleba ganmsazRvrelia ara mxolod Suasaukuneobrivi<br />
msoflxedvisa, aramed mTeli Semdgomi literaturuli<br />
epoqebisa. is TandaTan azrovnebis wesad iqceva. marTalia,<br />
Tanamedrove periodSi cnobierebis mizanmimarTuli intensivoba<br />
icvleba, magram bibliuri gansaxovnebis formebi avTenturi<br />
Tu transformirebuli gziT udavod gansazRvravs literaturul-saazrovno<br />
procesis mimdinareobas yvela JanrSi.<br />
arqetipul-paradigmuli azrovneba qarTuli sasuliero da<br />
saero mwerlobis safuZvelTa safuZvelia. miTologiuri da aR-<br />
Tqmiseuli simbolika gansazRvravs konceptualur maxasiaTeblebs,<br />
kognitur aspeqtebs, esTetikur mrwamss. qarTuli saxismetyvelebiTi<br />
sistemis saazrovno wesi cxadad vlindeba rogorc<br />
63
XIX, ise XX-XXI saukuneebis epoqaTa filosofiur msoflgancdasa<br />
da mxatvrul-esTetikur principebSi.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis msoflmxedvelobrivi da saxeobrivi<br />
gamoxatvis Taviseburebani swored bibliuri saxismetyvelebis<br />
arqetipul-paradigmul wiaRTan misi organuli, siRrmiseuli<br />
kavSiriT ixsneba. amasTanave, specifikuria is, rom gansaxovnebis<br />
klasikur formebs aq erwymis miTologiur, winareqristianul<br />
warmodgenaTa arqetipuli modelebi, rac axlebur<br />
xedvas badebs. Semdgomi transformaciis gziT miTologiuri,<br />
demonuri, zRaprul-fantastikuri warmodgenebi simbolur-es-<br />
Tetikur funqcias iZens da organulad ewereba qristianul<br />
cnobierebaSi, im mravalferovan da daxvewil sivrceSi, romelsac<br />
vaJa-fSavela qmnis.<br />
vaJa axal, ucxo `qronotops~ qmnis. masSi samyaros sasrulobac,<br />
veqtorulobac moiazreba da wrebrunvac, zedroulobac da<br />
zesivrculobac, romelTac erwymis lokalizmi da gravitaciuloba.<br />
am Taviseburi qronotopis moqmedebis areali ki, upirvelesad,<br />
adamianis sulis wiaRia.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas personaJTa yvelaze TvalSisacemi Taviseburebaa<br />
maTi azrovnebis paradoqsuloba. am mxriv isini sruliad<br />
axleburi da gansxvavebuli cnobierebis damamkvidrebelni arian<br />
XIX saukunis qarTul literaturaSi. problemebi, romelTac<br />
es personaJebi wamoWrian, mwvave msoflmxedvelobrivi Widilis<br />
Sedegad iSveba rogorc sakuTar TavTan, ise garemomcvel samyarosTan,<br />
sazogadoebasTan. maTi axali ideebi paradoqsulia<br />
sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli azrovnebis fonze. es Taviseburi<br />
`aRmoCenebia~, romelnic xSirad intuiciis wiaRSi iRebs saTaves<br />
da TandaTan cnobier, gaazrebul, naTel principebad yalibdeba.<br />
am gziT ki xdeba gmiris metamorfoza, feriscvaleba.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas personaJTa azrovnebis paradoqsulobas,<br />
vfiqrobT, safuZvlad edeba qristianuli moZRvrebis paradoqsuli<br />
buneba. qristianobis wiaRSi tradiciuli azrovnebis sayo-<br />
64
velTaod gavrcelebuli modeli Zireulad icvleba. es cvlilebebi<br />
xels uwyobs cnobierebis axali, Zvelisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />
tipis Camoyalibebas. ioane oqropiris ganmartebiT,<br />
qristes mcnebebi da mis mier naqadagebi axali postulatebi ewinaaRmdegeboda<br />
mTel samyaroSi gavrcelebul azrebsa da Sexedulebebs.<br />
swored amiT xsnis wminda mama im uCveulo reaqcias,<br />
romelic mohyva ebraelTa winaSe macxovris qadagebas. im sazogadoebaSi,<br />
romlis moqmedebis mTavari principi iyo: `Tuali<br />
Tualisa wil da kbili kbilisa wil~, ieso amkvidrebs paradoqss<br />
_ `ara winaaRmdgomad borotisa~. is mrevlis Tvalwin cvlis<br />
Zveli eTikis normebs axliT, Zveli aRTqmis kanonis imperatiul<br />
moTxovnebs _ madlis gansakuTrebuli, uCveulo principebiT:<br />
`romelman gces yurimalsa Sensa marjuenesa, miupyar erTkerZoica~,<br />
`akurTxevdiT mawyevarTa TquenTa da keTils uyofdiT<br />
moZuleTa TquenTa~. es aris axali, ucnauri logikis mqone, magram<br />
erTaderTi da uzenaesi WeSmariteba, romelmac unda Svas<br />
axali adamiani, naTlobiT moqceuli, sulieri feriscvalebiT<br />
gasxivosnebuli.<br />
Zveli adamianis sikvdili da missave wiaRSi `axali kacis~ Casaxva,<br />
rasac pavle mociquli gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas ani-<br />
Webs, vaJa-fSavelas personaJTa sulieri metamorfozis umTavresi<br />
gzaa. amas ki isini swored azrovnebisa da qmedebis paradoqsulobiT<br />
aRweven. isinic, macxovris msgavsad, cvlian Zvel<br />
normebs axliT. es axali principebi ki madls efuZneba da ara<br />
normatul kanons. amiT vaJa bibliuri WeSmaritebis damamkvidrebelTa<br />
funqcias aniWebs Tavis gmirebs.<br />
unda Seicvalos samyaro, Zveli wesiT cxovreba miuRebelia<br />
_ aseTia vaJas suliskveTeba, mas ar surs TvistomTa Soris, romelnic<br />
saocrad eZvirfaseba da TiTqmis aRmerTebs, batonobdes<br />
araswori azrovneba, yavlgasuli Sexedulebebi samyarosa<br />
da adamianze. arada mTis adaTTagan sakmaod bevrs xedavs iseTs,<br />
romelnic erT dros, albaT, garkveul funqcias asrulebda,<br />
65
magram vaJas Tanamedrove epoqaSi sruliad gamoecala niadagi.<br />
mwerali gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs im Cveulebebsa da wesebs, romelTac<br />
SurisZiebis, sisxlis aRebis motivi udevs safuZvlad.<br />
erT-erTi aseTia `upatrono mkvdris~ movlis adaTi. upatronod<br />
iTvleba micvalebuli, romlis sisxlis aReba, samagieros gadaxda<br />
naTesaobam ver moaxerxa, anu ver upatrona. aseT mkvdars saiqios<br />
mosamsaxured veravin daudgeba, `umcrosi~ ar eyoleba. am<br />
Sexedulebis primitiulobas da SezRudulobas gansakuTrebiT<br />
amZafrebs is gansxvaveba, romelic amave sakiTxis qristianul<br />
gaazrebasa da mTaSi damkvidrebul cnobierebas Soris arsebobs.<br />
qristianuli moZRvreba sruliad gamoricxavs grZnobad-konkretul<br />
realobebs imqveyniur, saiqio arsebobaSi. jojoxeTic<br />
da sasufevelic TavianTi arsiT sruliad gamoricxaven grZnobismier,<br />
adamianuri samyarosTvis damaxasiaTebel, xelSesaxeb<br />
movlenebs. pavle mociqulis ganmartebiT, im samyaroSi arc<br />
qorwindebian, arc ganqorwindebian, suls ar sWirdeba arsebobis<br />
miwieri, xiluli formebi. amdenad, saiqio cxovrebis Sesaxeb<br />
grZnobad-konkretuli warmodgenebi mxolod crurwmenis sferos<br />
ganekuTvneba. swored ase aRiqvams vaJa-fSavela mTis im<br />
adaT-wesebs, romelnic adamianis cnobierebis istoriis dabalganviTarebul<br />
etapze SemuSavda garkveul garemoebaTa Sedegad,<br />
SemdgomSi ki yovelgvari safuZveli gamoecala da uSinaarso,<br />
ufro metic, maxinj, arahumanur crurwmenad iqca. swored amas<br />
aRmoaCenen misi personaJebi. aluda qeTelauri mklavis moWris<br />
mizanSewonilobaze rom dafiqrdeba, jer sakuTari sulis wiaRs<br />
ukvirdeba, `pirs dawolia nislebi~. sanam Tems gaandobs Tavis<br />
axal msoflmxedvelobas, is jer TviTon icnobierebs, ra moxda<br />
mucalTan SebrZolebis Semdeg, ratom uRrRnis guls aqamde<br />
ucnobi gancda. poemis II Tavi aludas sulieri metamorfozis,<br />
misi sulis wiaRSi `axali kacis~ Casaxvis cxadi suraTia. savles<br />
pavled qcevis paradigma aq Taviseburi transformaciiT iCens<br />
Tavs. aluda nabij-nabij midis axal WeSmaritebamde. mklavis<br />
66
mokveTis erT konkretul adaTSi daeWvebas sayovelTaod sisxlisRvris<br />
mizanSewonilobaSi daeWveba mohyveba. `visac mteroba<br />
moswyurdes~... _ iwyebs vaJa da yvela sityva, rac amis Semdeg<br />
iTqmeba, raRac mistikuri, magiuri ZaliT zeatyorcnis Txrobas.<br />
es azrisa da gamomsaxvelobis mwvervalia, maqsimalurad gamZafrebuli<br />
emociuri muxtis Semcveli. wyevlis formulebi: `sisxl<br />
daigubos keraSi~, `sisxlSia hqondes qorwili~, `iqve saflavi<br />
gaTxaros~ _ SemaZrwunebeli dabejiTebiT amxels gmiris cnobierebaSi<br />
Zrul axal impulss _ Cven sisxlSi varsebobT, rac<br />
CemTvis miuRebelia. swored es aRmoCena aZlevs aludas Zalas,<br />
emsxverplos Tavis axal mrwamss, araferi daTmos, metic _<br />
maqsimaluri moiTxovos. pirvelad, roca cxovrebis filosofia<br />
daafiqrebs da ikiTxavs _ `martoT Cven gvzdian dedani?~ rasac<br />
urjuloTa cxonebaze fiqric mohyveba; meored ki xatobaze,<br />
mucalis sulis sapatronod misuli, daJinebiT rom evedreba<br />
berdias, dauurvos mkvdari qistis suls da amiT masac suli<br />
moaTqmevinos. paradoqsia, amitomac yvelasaTvis gaugebari da<br />
miuRebeli, iseve, rogorc axali welTaRricxvis, axali WeSmaritebis<br />
dabadebis pirvel dReebSi Tqmuli _ `giyvardes mteri<br />
Seni~. qristes gzaze mdgari aluda, WeSmariti martviliviT<br />
guldinjad icavs Tavis axal mrwamss, amboxisa da sabolood<br />
harmoniis, Tvinierebis (`Tems nu swyevT~) mopovebiT wminda mxedariviT<br />
uSecdomod gaivlis gzas da `srbas aRasrulebs~, Tvi-<br />
Tonac eziareba axal WeSmaritebas da mTel samyarosac aziarebs.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas zneobriv mrwamss safuZvlad udevs qristianuli<br />
baZva-ziarebis principi, romlis Tanaxmadac zeciuri da<br />
miwieri ierarqiis yoveli qvemdgomi arseba unda miemsgavsos<br />
zemdgoms. es zeswrafva ganapirobebs mis safexurebriv svlas<br />
RvTisken, anu zneobriv daxvewasa da ganwmendas. qvemdgomTa<br />
baZva iwvevs dacemas, dakninebas. mxolod zeswrafviT eziareba<br />
arsi Tavis umaRles `mes~. ierarqiis saTaveSi dgas uzenaesi arseba,<br />
RmerTi. adamians ganRmrTobis gza TviT ufalma dausaxa,<br />
67
mas ZaluZs sakuTar TavSi aRadginos xati RvTisa, ganiwmindos<br />
da RmerTSemosili gaxdes.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas samyaroSi ara mxolod adamiani, aramed bunebis<br />
yvelaze umniSvnelo subieqtic ki eswrafvis SemoqmedTan<br />
gamTlianebas, mis madlTan ziarebas. isini mxolod samSvinvelis<br />
ZaliT rodi moqmedeben, aramed ukvdavi gonis karnaxiT. amitomac<br />
bunebis gasuliereba vaJasTan mxolod mxatvruli pirobi-<br />
Toba ki ar aris, aramed Rrma filosofiur-religiuri koncefciis<br />
nawili, romlis Tanaxmadac samyaroSi araferia SemTxvevi-<br />
Ti da impulsuri, yovelive emorCileba garkveul kanonzomierebas.<br />
bunebas aqvs goni _ is, rac wesiT mxolod adamians unda<br />
hqondes, RvTis xatad Seqmnil arsebas. gonis arseboba ki Tavis-<br />
Tavad gulisxmobs zneobis fenomensac.<br />
vaJasTan bunebas Tavisi zne aqvs, zogjer adamianTa msgavsi,<br />
zogjer ki maTze amaRlebulic ki. ufro metic, cocxali Tu<br />
aracocxali bunebis subieqtTa mier adamianTa qcevis Sefaseba,<br />
maTi qmedebis moralur-eTikuri kuTxiT gansja vaJas Semoqmedebis<br />
Tanmdevi principia. amis magaliTi mravladaa mis prozasa<br />
da poeziaSi. TvalsaCinoebisTvis movixmobT erT maTgans. moTxrobaSi<br />
`kldem mxolod erTxel sTqva~ warmoCenilia adamianTa<br />
orpiroba, sityvisa da saqmis urTierTdapirispireba, TvalTmaqcoba.<br />
klde marTlismTqmelia, mamxilebelia. is kacTa avzneobas<br />
sulis siRrmemde ganicdis da cdilobs axsnas amis mizezi.<br />
adamianis sicocxle codvisa da monaniebis uwyveti jaWvia. es<br />
samwuxaro kanonzomierebaa. kldec ki, usulo klde, gulistkiviliT<br />
SeniSnavs: `eg zne rom ar vicode kacisa, dResve mTeli<br />
qveynis Tvalwin gavfendi, rac Secdoma mohsvlia, rac sacodaoba<br />
datrialebula dedamiwis zurgze, magram amao Sroma iqneboda:<br />
kacma unda scodos, kidev Secdoma Caidinos, rom mere inanos,<br />
Semdeg isev ecados, Secdoma gaasworos, esaa misi sicocxle,<br />
diaR, davanaxvebdi yvela mis gonebis, grZnobis ususurobas,<br />
amas rom ar vxedavde, da mec davifuSebodi. aRar mindoda mas<br />
68
Semdeg sicocxle, aRarc iyo Cemi yofna saWiro, guldamSvidebiT,<br />
bednierad davxuWavdi Tvals da movisvenebdi~ (vaJafSavela<br />
2002:168).<br />
sakuTari arsebis msxverplad gaRebis, maRali idealebisTvis<br />
Tavganwirvis magaliTebi vaJas sxva TxzulebebSic mravalgzis<br />
iCens Tavs.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi SesaZlebelia Tvali gavadevnoT<br />
adamianis sulieri ganviTarebis gzas. TviTganwmendis survili<br />
personaJSi aRZravs zneobriv impulss, rac xdeba sawindari<br />
misi Sinagani aRmasvlisa. am process safuZvlad edeba sxvadasxva<br />
movlena; zogjer metamorfoza gamowveulia obieqturi, gareSe<br />
mizeziT, yofis logikiT, gmirisgan gaucnobiereblad. mindia<br />
qajTa tyveobaSi Tavis mokvlis mizniT Wams gvelis xorcs,<br />
fiqrobs, rom amiT dasruldeba misi usazRvro tanjva. man ar<br />
icis, rom am aqtiT sulieri Tvali aexileba, axal suls Caidgams,<br />
axal xorcs Seisxams. mindias bunebasTan wilnayaroba uTuod<br />
gulisxmobs RmerTTan Tanaziarobas. amis dasturia RvTisgan<br />
miniWebuli kurnebis unari, romelic saswaulqmedebis erT-er-<br />
Ti saxea. macxovris miwieri moRvaweobac xom or sawyiss efuZneboda:<br />
qadageba da sakvirvelTqmedeba.<br />
qristianuli sinanulis motivi Zalze organulia vaJas SemoqmedebisTvis.<br />
es bunebrivicaa. sinanuli udidesi saidumloa.<br />
igi msWvalavs mTel `axal aRTqmas~. ioane naTlismcemeli aris<br />
pirveli mqadagebeli qristianuli sinanulisa. mas wminda mamebi<br />
asec uwodeben: `qadagi sinanulisa~. naTlismcemeli win uswrebs<br />
ieso qristes, raTa mouwodos xalxs, ganamzadon gzani uflisa.<br />
ioane oqropiris ganmartebiT, iudevelni am dros codvis tyveobaSi<br />
iyvnen, Tumca ver grZnobdnen amas da TavianT Tavs ubiwo,<br />
marTal adamianebad miiCnevdnen. da ai, modis ioane naTlismcemeli,<br />
raTa ebraelebs Tvali auxilos codvebze, radgan sakuTar<br />
sulier mankierebaTa Seucnobloba maT WeSmaritebis gzidan<br />
ganagdebda. naTlismcemlis movlinebis mizani is iyo, rom xalxs<br />
69
Tavisi codvebi Seecno da sinanulisken midrekiliyo, magram am<br />
codvaTa gamo adamianebi ki ar unda dasjiliyvnen, aramed monaniebis<br />
gziT unda SeeZinaT Tavmdabloba, ganesajaT sakuTari<br />
Tavi da mieRoT Sewyaleba. sinanuls unda mohyves Tvalis axela,<br />
Zveli gzidan gadadgoma da naTlisRebis ZaliT WeSmaritebaze<br />
moqceva. sinanuls qadagebs TviT macxovaric. `SeinaneT~ _ es<br />
ara ubralo mimarTvaa, romelic adamianma SeiZleba Seasrulos<br />
an ar Seasrulos, aramed aucilebeli, gardauvali moTxovna<br />
maTTvis, vinc mzadaa aRiaros igi erTaderT da utyuar WeSmaritebad,<br />
daTmos, rac aqamde iyo da yvelaferi Tavidan daiwyos.<br />
qristianuli sinanulis motivi udevs safuZvlad vaJas SesaniSnav<br />
poema `gogoTur da afSinas~. pirovnuli ganviTarebis<br />
gzas aq swored sinanulis mZafri gancda gansazRvravs.<br />
T. Cxenkelis dakvirvebiT, vaJas personaJTagan zogi zeaRmavalia,<br />
zogic _ qvedaRmavali. zeaRmavalia aluda, radgan is<br />
principTa Sinagani SenarCunebiT umaRles idealTa erTguli<br />
rCeba; qvedaRmavali gmiria mindia, romelmac ver SeZlo RvTis<br />
niWis datevna sakuTar TavSi (Cxenkeli 1989:51).<br />
zeaRmaval gmirTa kategorias ganekuTvneba afSina. misi gza,<br />
marTlac, gamorCeulia kontrastulobis niSniT: Saragzis yaCa-<br />
Robidan _ xevisbrobamde. gogoTuri laRi sulis mqonea, afSina<br />
Sinagan Tavisuflebas moklebuli, SeboWili pirovnebaa. maT<br />
xasiaTs gansazRvravs maTive zneobrivi orientirebi. gogoTuri<br />
Rirsebas emsaxureba, afSina _ uRirsobas.<br />
zneobrivi muxti, romelic msWvalavs gogoTuris saqciels<br />
maTi SebrZolebis Jams, aris is biZgi, romelmac unda moitanos<br />
afSinas feriscvaleba. am SemTxvevaSi impulsi garedan modis,<br />
magram siRrmiseuli STabeWdilebis Zalas iZens. afSinas gardaqmna<br />
uceb xdeba, es ar aris mtanjveli procesi, rogorc sxva Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi (aluda, mindia). personaJTa samoqmedo sivrce ar scdeba<br />
brZolis vels. modeli martivia: Sexvedra, mxileba, aRiareba.<br />
Tumca xangrZlivi da mtanjvelia Semdegi etapi _ sakuTar<br />
70
TavTan marto darCena. gogoTurisgan Sendobili afSina gulis<br />
wyluls mainc ver irCens. is ukve xevisberia, sxvaTa sulebze<br />
zrunavs, TviT Seundobs codvebs monanieT, magram mZime da dam-<br />
Trgunveli dardi RrRnis mis Sinagan arsebas. WeSmariti sinanuli<br />
xangrZlivi da mtanjvelia, ganwmendisken mimavali gza ekliania.<br />
igi TviTdaeWvebas, sulier gaorebas, Sinagani wonasworobis<br />
darRvevas iwvevs. loginad Cavardnili afSina im codvebs<br />
inaniebs, romelTa gaazrebac RmerTma daakisra. poemis finalSi<br />
afSinas TiTqos daZleuli aqvs sakuTari codvis SegrZneba, igi<br />
xevisbrobs, xalxs arigebs, moZRvravs, magram sulier mSvidobamde<br />
jer Sorsaa _ Ram-RamobiT cxare cremliT tiris, albaT, sicocxlis<br />
bolomdec iqviTinebs, radganac sulis ganspetakebis<br />
gza tanjvasa da sulier WidilSi gamoCndeba. afSinas suli<br />
brZolis velia, aranakleb mZafri brZolisa, vidre gogoTurTan<br />
fizikuri dapirispireba iyo. xmliTa da iaraRiT am oms ver<br />
moigeb; is sulieri Tvalis axelas da zeamaRlebas, RvTiurisken<br />
swrafvas moiTxovs.<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
xilva-Cvenebebs, zecnobier, miRmier, zebunebriv movlenebs.<br />
es nakadi imdenad mZlavria, rom vaJas mkvlevarTa udidesi<br />
nawili sagangebod Seiswavlis mas (gr. kiknaZe, g. asaTiani, T.<br />
Cxenkeli, r. siraZe, r. TvaraZe, z. kiknaZe, i. evgeniZe, T. SarabiZe<br />
da sxv.). xilva-Cvenebani ganxilulia rogorc msoflmxedvelobrivi,<br />
ise mxatvrul-esTetikuri funqciis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
xilva gamocxadebis erT-erTi Sinaformaa. is safuZvlad<br />
udevs rogorc winareqristianul, ise Suasaukuneobriv warmodgenebs<br />
samyaroze. masSi mJRavndeba ama Tu im epoqis, xalxis azrovnebisa<br />
da xasiaTis Taviseburebani. arsebobs miTosuri xilva-warmodgenebi,<br />
romelnic aerTianeben tomebs, erebs da koleqtiuri<br />
xasiaTisaa sulieri moRvaweobis erTobliobis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
es warmodgenebi droisa da sivrcis miRmaa da garkveuli<br />
amorfulobiTac xasiaTdeba.<br />
71
xilva-Cvenebani qristianul azrovnebaSic did rols asrulebs.<br />
ZvelaRTqmiseul istoriaSi bibliur patriarqTa da winaswarmetyvelTa<br />
xilvebi RvTisCenis (Teofania) rangSia ayvanili.<br />
uzenaesi ecxadeba mokvdavs xiluli realobis sensualuri niSniT<br />
(kvamli, cecxli, burusi, wyvdiadi) aRbeWdili, Tumca misi<br />
miRmieri, aragrZnobadi sawyisi mudam aqcentirebulia.<br />
axalaRTqmiseul samyaroSi xilva-Cvenebani uflis didebis,<br />
misi sufevis warmomCenia. gamocxadeba adamians sulieri gamocdilebis<br />
daxvewis, Sinagani Wvretis ganviTarebis gzas uxsnis.<br />
amis yvelaze TvalsaCino gamovlinebaa warmarTi savles gardaqmna<br />
pavle mociqulad. swored gamocxadebis ZaliT iRviZebs mis<br />
arsSi mTvlemare impulsi naTlisa, WeSmaritebisa. savle unda<br />
dabrmavdes, iq, damaskos gzaze unda datovos Zveli arsi da Tvali<br />
unda aexilos mxolod rogorc pavles, axlad Sobils, axali<br />
arsiT, axali WeSmaritebiT.<br />
gamocxadebis umaRlesi formaa apokalifsuri xilva ioane<br />
RvTismetyvelisa. es aris masStaburi, globaluri Wvreta samyaros<br />
aRsasrulisa da misi Tanmdevi movlenebisa. patmosis Wala-<br />
Si ioanes mier gancdili imdenad mistikuria Tavisi arsiT, rom<br />
misi aRwera mxolod simboloebiT, miniSnebebiT, metaforebiT<br />
Tua SesaZlebeli. esqatologiuri tragizmi sdevs Txrobas,<br />
Tumca zeciuri iersualimis saboloo sufevis perspeqtivas<br />
amaRlebuli, nugeSismcemeli intonaciac Semoaqvs.<br />
vaJa-fSavela Tavis TxzulebebSi mimarTavs rogorc miTologiur,<br />
ise aRTqmiseul xilva-Cvenebebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom miTi<br />
misTvis Zvirfasia, rogorc xalxis wiaRSi warmoqmnili, misi SemoqmedebiTi<br />
unaris warmomCeni movlena. miTi xom cxadad avlens<br />
adamianis gonebisa da gare samyaros dakavSirebis unars, rac,<br />
TavisTavad, fantaziis, ocnebis, sasurvelis impulsebs Seicavs<br />
da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. `miTebi<br />
is saSualebebia, romlebiTac arqetipebi, aracnobieris arsebiTi<br />
formebi vlindeba da cnobier gonebas ukavSirdeba. arqe-<br />
72
tipebi individTa sizmrebSi vlindeba da, amdenad, sizmrebs SeiZleba<br />
personalizebuli miTebi, xolo miTebs depersonalizebuli<br />
sizmrebi vuwodoT~ (lomiZe 2008: 218).<br />
xilva-Cvenebani vaJas poemebSi sxvadasxva funqcias asrulebs.<br />
esenia: ama Tu im faqtisa da movlenis winaswarmetyveleba;<br />
ararealuris vizualizaciiT umTavresi koncefciis gamokveTa;<br />
gmiris intuiciisa da naTelxilvis unaris aqcentireba; qvecnobieris,<br />
cnobierisa da zecnobieris urTierTgansazRvrulobis,<br />
an, piriqiT, gamomricxavobis Cveneba konkretul SemTxvevebSi;<br />
adamianis sulis wiaRSi CaRrmaveba da misi uaRresi mxareebis<br />
amocnoba, anu `sulis wakiTxva~; uflis TviTCenis (Teofaniis)<br />
mistikuri xatebisa da pirovnebasa Tu jgufze maTi zemoqmedebis,<br />
ganmwmendi funqciis cxadyofa.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom vaJa miTologiuri xilva-Cvenebebis, legendebisa<br />
da zRaprul-fantastikuri arsebebis (devebi, alqajebi,<br />
Winkebi) teqstebSi aRwerisas arasodes mimarTavs mtkicebiT,<br />
imperatiul intonacias. man kargad icis, rom yovel miTs, legendas<br />
ori Sre aqvs: realuri, anu sarwmuno da irealuri, anu<br />
daujerebeli. amitomac mas xilva Tu Cveneba yovelTvis Semoaqvs<br />
ara rogorc obieqturi, damtkicebuli faqti, aramed rogorc<br />
gonebis daSveba, savaraudo realoba. amitomac is arasodes<br />
ar wers, zustad ase moxdao. miTur da legendarul epizods<br />
yovelTvis axlavs sityva an fraza, romelic mas mtkicebulebis<br />
saxes ukargavs. vaJa wers: `amboben~, `xedaven~, `unaxavT~, `smeniaT~,<br />
`ityvian~, `Zvelad gagonili~ da a.S. am gziT is TiTqos Cvengan<br />
aucxoebs faqts, raTa migvaniSnos, rom es araa obieqturi<br />
realoba, momxdari da aRsrulebuli, magram arc usafuZvlo,<br />
SeuZlebeli, dauSvebeli fantasmagoriaa. ase iwyeba `baxtrionis~<br />
saocari finali, romelSic gvelis mier luxumis xsnisa da<br />
aRdginebis ambavia gadmocemuli. epizodi ase iwyeba: `ityvian,<br />
maRlis mTis Zirsa~... Semdeg ki amas mohyveba naxevrad legenduri<br />
Txroba. vaJa arsad gvaZalebs davijeroT daujerebeli, ar<br />
73
gvimtkicebs, rom es faqti mas Tavad aqvs nanaxi an nagrZnob-gancdili.<br />
is frTxilad, faqizad migvaniSnebs, ityviano da danar-<br />
Cens Cven mogvandobs. amiT is Zalze axlos dgas saxarebiseul<br />
intonaciasTan. cnobilia, rom macxovari Tavis moZRvrebas ayalibebs<br />
ara SegonebaTa an brZanebaTa, aramed `netarebaTa~ saxiT.<br />
is rodi ambobs, mxolod aseTi adamiani iqneba netario, aramed<br />
qadagebs, yvela, vinc moisurvebs ase moqcevas, netari iqnebao.<br />
macxovari aravis aZalebs, daijeros mis mier aRsrulebuli saswaulebi.<br />
visac malemrwmenis Tvali da yuri aqvs _ irwmunebs,<br />
visac ara _ is madlis gareSe daitovebs Tavs.<br />
`baxtrionis~ brZolis win meomrebs wminda giorgi ecxadeba.<br />
vaJa aRwers am xilvas, TviT mxedarTa TvaliT danaxuls. oTxi<br />
meomridan TiToeuli wmindans sxvadasxva aspeqtiT aRiqvams _<br />
erTi mis brwyinvalebas usvams xazs, meore _ RvTiurobas, mesame<br />
_ mtredisfrad aRiqvams, meoTxe _ velis yvavils adarebs.<br />
es subieqtur gancdaSi moqceuli realobaa, romelsac emociis<br />
maqsimaluri muxtiT aRvseba mosdevs. amis Semdeg laSqari<br />
wminda mxedrobad acxadebs Tavs. realoba aqac amqveyniurisa da<br />
miRmieris zRvarzea.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi xilva-Cvenebebi rom garkveuli pirobiTobis<br />
Semcvelia, es samecniero literaturaSic aris aRniSnuli.<br />
r. siraZe `stumar-maspinZlis~ finalis analizisas wers:<br />
`am SemTxvevaSi miTosuri xilvis Semotana gamarTlebulia imiT,<br />
rom maRali idealebi moiTxovs am idealTa ganxorcielebas,<br />
Tundac iluziuri formiT. aqac vaJa avtoriseuli danarTebiT<br />
migviTiTebs Semotanili miTosuri xilvis pirobiTobaze: `Ram-<br />
Ram xedaven suraTsa~ _ aqac gacnobierebaa imisa, rom epizodi<br />
pirobiTi xasiaTisaa, pirobiTobis funqciaze gvafiqrebs. misi<br />
funqcia ki esTetikuria. igi saxis ganzogadebas emsaxureba, emsaxureba<br />
poemis ZiriTadi ideis amocnobas~ (siraZe 1975:46).<br />
vaJasTan miTosi gaqristianebulia, axal rjulzea moqceuli.<br />
amis upirvelesi niSania pirovnulobis, individualobis win wa-<br />
74
moweva, aseve RirebulebaTa im sistemis gaziareba, romelic<br />
qristes moZRvrebas udevs safuZvlad. xilva-CvenebaTa funqciac<br />
Taviseburi da gansakuTrebulia; magaliTad, sizmari winaswarmetyvelebasac<br />
Seicavs da zneobriv swavlebasac; is xan<br />
mwyobri da gamWvirvalea (kvirias sizmari `baxtrionidan~, mzias<br />
sizmari `gvelismWamelidan~), xan ki Znelad amosacnobi da dasafiqrebeli<br />
(aludas sizmari `aluda qeTelauridan~).<br />
amrigad, bibliuri paradigmatikisa da saxismetyvelebis gaTvaliswinebis<br />
gareSe vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis Seswavla calmxrivi<br />
da arasrulyofilia. qristianuli cnobiereba gansaz-<br />
Rvravs mis personaJTa zneobriv saxes, TxzulebaTa mxatvrulesTetikur<br />
bunebas.<br />
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 2002: vaJa-fSavela. poemebi. Tb.: `dia~, 2002.<br />
lomiZe 2008: lomiZe g. `praRis skola~. literaturis Teoria. XX<br />
saukunis meTodologiebi. Tb.: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba,<br />
2005.<br />
siraZe 1975: siraZe r. `miTosur xilvaTa da CvenebaTa funqcia~.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema. Tb.: `saqarTvelo~, 1975.<br />
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tb.: 1989.<br />
75
Tamar barbaqaZe<br />
76<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `Rame mTaSi~ da `vefxistyaosani~<br />
(poeziis bunebriobis sakiTxisaTvis)<br />
vaJa-fSavela, rogorc `vefxistyaosnis~ mkiTxveli da interpretatori,<br />
qarTuli literaturaTmcodneobisaTvis ucnobi ar<br />
aris, Tumca mainc SeiZleba bevri ram axali SevniSnoT da gavi- azroT am mxriv.<br />
erT-erTi pirveli, vinc gasuli saukunis samocian wlebSi<br />
rusTavelisa da vaJa-fSavelas Sairi Seadara erTmaneTs, dimitri<br />
benaSvili iyo (benaSvili 1961: 515-516), Tumca struqturis<br />
miRma sazrisis erTianobis Taobaze naklebad SexvdebiT msjelobas<br />
am naSromSi. samecniero literaturaSi ufro metad aris<br />
gamokvleuli vaJa-fSavelas Sexedulebani `vefxistyaosansa~ da<br />
mis avtorze; kargad aris Seswavlili vaJas polemika a. xaxanaSvilTan,<br />
aseve, misi kamaTi n. marsa da mis mimdevrebTan. vaJafSavelas<br />
sicocxleSive, 1911 wels, aRiara grigol robaqiZem:<br />
`vaJa dedaboZia qarTuli rainduli poeziisa~ da amiT, erTgvarad,<br />
mianiSna mkiTxvelis `vefxistyaosanTan~ vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
naTesaobaze.<br />
Cven miznad ar visaxavT vaJa-fSavelas lirikisa da `vefxistyaosnis~<br />
komparativistul analizs; amjerad mxolod maT Soris<br />
erTi saintereso Tanxvedris SemTxvevaze gvinda saubari:<br />
disharmoniisa da harmoniis, dapirispirebuli Zalebis Widilze,<br />
demonuri, qajuri sawyisis Zlevaze RvTiuri Zalisa da raindebis<br />
meSveobiT.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas filosofiur leqsSi `Rame mTaSi~, bunebisa da<br />
adamianis erTianobis fonze, daxatulia qariSxlis suraTi, avi,<br />
stiqiuri sawyisis aboboqreba:
uecrad SuaRamisas,<br />
cas janRi daefareba,<br />
Savi zRvis Savi veSapi<br />
pirRia dagveRireba<br />
Cven, mosvenebiT mZinareT<br />
saWmelad dagvepireba<br />
mohsqdeba qari da Rvari ∗<br />
sdgas lewva-mtvreva brZolisa,<br />
droeba Camovardnila<br />
didi SiSis da Zrwolisa.<br />
mTeli mTa-bari iqceva<br />
meormosvlaa sworeda<br />
mohkawravs Rvari tye-kldeebs<br />
moaqvs da mosdgams yoreda.<br />
dabali SairiT (5/3) dawerili es monakveTi uneburad gvaxsendeba,<br />
rodesac `vefxistyaosanSi~ tarielis TaTbirisas poetis<br />
Sefasebas vkiTxulobT (1418-1419-e strofebi):<br />
Cemi aw ese naTqvami maTi saxe da daria:<br />
ra zeda wvimdes Rrubelni da mTaTa atydes Rvaria,<br />
mova da xevTa mogragnis, ismis zaTqi da zaria,<br />
magram ra zRvaTa SeerTvis, maSin egreca wynaria.<br />
Tuca fridon da avTandil sikeTe _ miuwvdomnia,<br />
magra tarias Sebmani arvisgan mosandomnia,<br />
mze mnaTobTaca dahfaravs, arcaRa naTlad xomnia<br />
aw iyurebdiT, msmenelno, gesmnes ficxelni omnia!<br />
es monakveTi, Sesabamisad, dabali SairiT (53//53) Sesrulebuli,<br />
msmenels, mkiTxvels afrTxilebs da ganumartavs saTqmelis<br />
ormag mniSvnelobas: qajeTis cixis aRebis suraTis xatvisas av-<br />
∗ xazgasma Cvenia _ T.b.<br />
77
tori, garda brZolis grandiozulobiT miRebuli STabeWdilebisa,<br />
mis simbolur-alegoriul mniSvnelobasac xsnis (`saxe~ da<br />
`daria~ unda gavigoT, rogorc: `saxe~ da `xati~). ficxeli, xmauriani,<br />
zaTqiani omis fonze RvTaebrivi wesrigis aucilebeli<br />
aRdgenis suraTi unda davinaxoT. aqamde susti da uZluri tarieli<br />
unda amoqmeddes da kuTvnili adgili daiWiros samyaroSi.<br />
`misi rusTaveli~, anu tarielis Tayvanismcemeli rusTaveli,<br />
bunebis harmonias aRadgens, rodesac mTavari mnaTobis adgils<br />
akuTvnebs poemis gmirs: `sityva `missa~ aq uazrod, winaswar ganuWvretlad,<br />
moufiqreblad da leqsis gulisaTvis ar gaxlavT<br />
naxmari. am sityvaSi Rrma azria damarxuli, saxeldobr isa,<br />
rusTavels an Tavis-Tavi hyavs gamoyvanili tarielad, radgan<br />
tarieli misia (rusTavelisa) da igi (rusTaveli) tarielisa da,<br />
Tundac tarieli zRapruli gmiri iyos Tavisi temperamentiT,<br />
Tavisi psixiiT, Tavis RvawlmosilobiT siyvarulis okeaneSi,<br />
Tavis msgavsad hyavs avtors~, _ werda vaJa-fSavela statiaSi<br />
`fiqrebi vefxistyaosnis Sesaxeb~ (vaJa-fSavela 2011: 265).<br />
leqsSi `Rame mTaSi~ aRwerilia RvTiuri, ciuri da qvesknelis,<br />
veSapis Serkinebis suraTi, Tumca, rogorc aRniSnaven,<br />
TviT buneba amaRlebulia `avisa~ da `keTilis~, `TeTrisa~ da<br />
`Savis~ maradiul brZolaze (gawerelia 1974: 416). buneba, rogorc<br />
samaradJamo meTvalyure am dapirispirebisa, Zalas aZlevs<br />
poets, raTa man dainaxos da aRweros msgavseba, naTesaoba stiqiisa<br />
da adamianuri vnebebisa. vaJa-fSavela fiqrobda, rom geniosi<br />
poeti bunebrivad, organulad aris dakavSirebuli mSobeli<br />
xalxis SemoqmedebiT stiqiasTan: `SoTas axali ena Seaqvs<br />
mwerlobaSi da es ena wminda xalxuri enaa. gasaocari msgavsebaa,<br />
rogorc TviT enaSi, ise leqswyobaSi fSaur enasTan da mis kilosTan~<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 2001: 265).<br />
revaz siraZe Tavis naSromSi `vefxistyaosnis~ mkiTxvelis istoriisaTvis<br />
(masalebi narkvevisaTvis)~ TerTmet etaps gamohyofs.<br />
VII etapze, mkvlevaris azriT, Zlierdeba XIX saukunis Sua<br />
78
wlebidan (i. WavWavaZe, a. wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela da sxvani) erovnuli<br />
da zogadsakacobrio TvalTaxedvani (siraZe 2010: 81).<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mier wakiTxul `vefxistyaosanSi~, rogorc ukve<br />
vTqviT, rusTavelis xati tarielia. es wakiTxva sruliad gansxvavebulia<br />
XIX saukunis I naxevris, anu VI etapis (romantikuli<br />
TvalTaxedviT) wakiTxvisagan. rogorc r. siraZe aRniSnavs,<br />
aleqsandre orbelianis leqsSi `rusTaveli~ (1852 w. algeTis xeoba,<br />
wminda samebis mTa), rusTavelis pirvelsaxe avTandilia,<br />
anu gamokveTilia misi koncefcia: `vefxistyaosanSi~ avTandilis<br />
pirvelsaxe TviT rusTavelia~ (siraZe 2010: 93).<br />
revaz siraZis uaRresad sayuradRebo gamokvlevaSi calke ar<br />
aris ganxiluli vaJa-fSavelas mier wakiTxuli vefxistyaosani,<br />
magram al. orbelianis leqsis `rusTavelis~ analizi ki, romlis<br />
vrceli varianti CvenTvis cnobilia 1997 wlis publikciiT<br />
(siraZe 1997: 76) adasturebs, rom al. orbelianis mier `vefxistyaosani~<br />
romantikuli patriotizmiT aris wakiTxuli.<br />
... `Rame mTaSi~ ki varskvlavebis Suqze ikiTxeba. ca dahyurebs<br />
miwas da maTi erTianoba bunebrivi da aucilebelia samyaros<br />
arsebobisaTvis; rodesac vaJa-fSavela wers leqss `rusTavelis<br />
neSts~ (1909 w.), tariels saxavs idealur gmirad. axali Taobis<br />
raindTa pirvelsaxed:<br />
wamogvezardnen Wabukni,<br />
hnaxo, scnob arwiv-qorada<br />
Tavs swirven nestanisaTvis<br />
tarieliviT lomada<br />
........................<br />
aRvsdegiT, camde avmaRldiT,<br />
naTqvamni Casaqolada.<br />
(`rusTavelis neSts~,<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1979: 346)<br />
79
tarieli gamorCeulia vaJa-fSavelasaTvis leqsSic: `erTxel<br />
ki Cvenac vyofilvarT~ (1896):<br />
80<br />
Sevtrfi Subl-Sekrul SoTasa<br />
Tvalebs maridebs radRaca,<br />
mebuzRuneba cotasa,<br />
venacvle imis kalamsa,<br />
mis gmirT xmalT salte-kotasa,<br />
satrfosTvis xelsa tariels,<br />
avTandilT-fridonT yofasa...<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 2011: III, 32)<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ Cven mier saanalizod moxmobil fragmentSic<br />
da vaJa-fSavelas leqsebsa da werilebSic mkafiod aris<br />
gamokveTili tarielis upiratesoba, misi arsisa da moqmedebis<br />
sanimuSo Zala. tariels emorCilebian, misi dasaxuli gziT, gegmiT<br />
midian avTandili da fridoni qajeTis cixis aRebis dros,<br />
iseve, rogorc zRvas erTvian, erwymian da mSviddebian mdinareni,<br />
xevis wyalni, stiqiiT moxeTqili `Rvari~ (vaJa) (Sdr. `vefxistyaosans~:<br />
`mTaTa atyda Rvaria~). varskvlavebi (caSi) da zRva<br />
(xmeleTze) sulisa da xorcis mTlianobis alegoriad gvevlineba<br />
vaJa-fSavelas sxva leqsSic (`Cemi vedreba~):<br />
Tevzi _ wyals, casa _ varskvlavi,<br />
Svili _ dedas da mamasa.<br />
revaz siraZe zemoxsenebul narkvevSi imowmebs gaston baSliaris<br />
azrs: `poezia wamieri metafizikaao~; vfiqrobT, samyarosa<br />
da `vefxistyaosnis~ zneobiT kanonze orientirebuli qarTveli<br />
mkiTxveli, kerZod, vaJa-fSavela intuiturad wvdeba im zneobriv<br />
gzas, rac harmoniis, uflis wiaRSi dasabruneblad miemarTeba.<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ mTavari gmiris `tarielis~ saxels iustine<br />
abulaZe ikavSirebs mariam dedofliseul `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~
moxseniebul saxels iraneli erisTavis `da:rel~ (abulaZe 1967:<br />
24), xolo zviad gamsaxurdia saxel `tariels~ (star _ varskvlavi,<br />
el _ ufali) varskvlaveTis ufals, samyaros mefes, pantokrators,<br />
vaskvlaveTismier macxovars ukavSirebs (gamsaxurdia<br />
1991: 243).<br />
RvTaebrivi logosis uzenaesis nebis gamoxatuleba amqveynad<br />
RvTiuri gonis morCilebaa, Segnebuli aucileblobiT mopovebuli<br />
Tavisuflebaa, rac `vefxistyaosanSi~ qajuri, demonuri<br />
sawyisebis ZleviTa da RvTaebrivi wesrigis aRsrulebiT myardeba,<br />
xolo leqsSi `Rame mTaSi~ harmoniisa da disharmoniis Sejaxebis<br />
Sedegad yalibdeba bunebis sayovelTao kanoni:<br />
buneba mbrZanebelia,<br />
igiv monaa Tavisa...<br />
vaJa-fSavelas saliteraturo werilebSi (`sad aris poezia?~<br />
`fiqrebi `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb~, `PRO DOMO SUA~, `fiqrebi~<br />
da sxv.) gansakuTrebuli principulobiT msjelobs bunebisa da<br />
poeziis kanonebis msgavsebasa da mTlianobaze; igi fiqrobs, rom<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ genialobisa da ukvdavebis mizezi poemis bunebriobaa.<br />
`uweso, bunebis winaaRmdegi iq araferi moipoveba...<br />
vidre bunebaa Tavisi ZaliT mmarTveli kacTa sicocxlisa, `vefxistyaosanic~<br />
iqneba CvenTvis gonebis mmarTveli~, _ gvarwmunebs<br />
vaJa-fSavela werilSi `sad aris poezia?~ (vaJa-fSavela<br />
2011: 57).<br />
81
82<br />
damowmebani:<br />
abulaZe 1967: abulaZe i. rusTvelologiuri naSromebi. Tb.: 1967.<br />
benaSvili 1961: benaSvili d. vaJa-fSavela _ Semoqmedi da moazrovne.<br />
Tb.: `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1961.<br />
gamsaxurdia 1991: gamsaxurdia z. vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba.<br />
Tb. `mecniereba~, 1991.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1979: vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani or tomad. t. I.<br />
leqsebi. poemebi. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1979.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 2011: vaJa-fSavela. xuTtomeuli. t. V. Tb.: `palitra~,<br />
2011.<br />
gawerelia 1974: gawerelia a. vaJa-fSavela. _ qarTuli literaturis<br />
istoria. eqvs tomad. t. IV. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1974.<br />
siraZe 2010: siraZe r. `vefxistyaosnis~ mkiTxvelis istoriisaTvis.<br />
masalebi narkvevisaTvis. _ literaturuli Ziebani, XXI. Tb.:<br />
literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2010.<br />
siraZe 2010: siraZe r. `suli davnebuli survilTa~ (a. orbelianis<br />
leqsi `rusTaveli~). _ krebuli mieZRvna al. orbelianis xsovnas.<br />
Tb.: `lomisi~, 1997.
manana kvaWantiraZe<br />
Sexvedris koncepti vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi<br />
`Sexvedra niSnavs, airCio da<br />
iqne arCeuli, tanjvas da qmedebas~.<br />
martin buberi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi (`aluda qeTelauri~, `stumar- maspin-<br />
Zeli~, `gogoTur da afSina~) Sexvedra atarebs egzistencialur<br />
datvirTvas. igi erTdroulad ekuTvnis SemTxveviTobasac da<br />
aucileblobasac da Cawnulia yofierebis erTian struqturaSi.<br />
Sexvedris sivrceSi, sadac erTmaneTs xvdebian opoziciuri mewyvileebi<br />
_ mteri da moyvare _ opozicia radikalurad transformirdeba:<br />
mteri iqceva moyvrad, `sxvagvari~ _ `dagvarad~.<br />
Sexvedra, rogorc struqturis cvlileba, ganasaxierebs sicocxlis<br />
mastimulirebel intencias _ yofierebisa da cnobierebis<br />
(maT Soris, upirvelesad, eTikuri cnobierebis) ganviTarebis<br />
aucilebel pirobas.<br />
opoziciuri struqturis am cvlilebas mosdevs axali opoziciis<br />
gaCena: Temi (sazogadoeba, sociumi), romelsac `aluda<br />
qaTelaurisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ protagonistebi upirispirdebian,<br />
ikavebs ucxos, mtris adgils, Tumca personaJebis<br />
mxridan esaa iZulebiTi dapirispireba, romelsac ganapirobebs:<br />
zogad planSi _ sicocxlis dialeqtikuri ganviTarebis aucilebloba;<br />
individualur planSi _ mopovebuli zneobrivi simaRlis<br />
daTmobis Sinagani SeuZlebloba.<br />
semantikuri Sesabamisobis kodis (relevanturobis kodi)<br />
rRveva axali Sesabamisobis dasamkvidreblad metaforul procesSi<br />
ana/homologiuria sazogadoebrivi (Temis) normebidan gadaxvevisa<br />
axal normaTa dasamkvidreblad. aqedan, metaforuli<br />
83
procesis uwyvetoba vaJas poetur metyvelebaSi da realuri<br />
planis moZraoba miTosur-idealuri planisaken siuJetur da<br />
msoflmxedvelobriv doneebze. eqstensionalTa Sereva da `gadatana~<br />
metaforaSi avsebs semantikur lakunas (cariel adgils)<br />
da am azriT, emsaxureba metyvelebis ekonomiis (Sevsebisa da<br />
mowesrigebis) princips. analogiurad, cvlileba pirovnebis sulier<br />
sferoSi, TanagrZnobis gadatana mterze, ucxoze avsebs<br />
zneobriv lakunas da emsaxureba socialur urTierTobaTa mowesrigebis,<br />
adamianTa mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis princips.<br />
Sexvedris, rogorc metafizikuri aqtis winare safexuria<br />
gamocnoba.<br />
joyola da zviadauri erTmaneTSi msgavss, dagvars gamoicnoben<br />
iseve, rogorc aluda da mucali. afSina dardobs, rom<br />
gogoTuri ver icno, radgan gamocnoba moxda gvian, mas Semdeg,<br />
rac gogoTuri afSinas iaraRs daubrunebs. gamocnoba vaJasTan<br />
an myisieri aqtia, an rTuli, peripetiebiT savse procesia. pirvelis<br />
magaliTia `stumar- maspinZeli~, meorisa _ `aluda qeTelauri~.<br />
aluda mucals ori ramiT gamoicnobs: natyviarSi balaxis<br />
CafeviT da Tofis datovebiT. `stumar maspinZelSi~ gamocnoba<br />
xdeba imTaviTve, `intuitiur doneze, miemarTeba rTuli<br />
gziT (stumris RalatSi daeWveba xmauris gagonebisas, zviadauris<br />
vinaobis Setyoba) da sabolood mTavrdeba joyolas mier<br />
zviadauris sruli aRiarebiT aRazasTan saubarSi: `diacs mudamac<br />
uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.<br />
zviadaurisa da joyolas Sexvedra TiTqos ar unda Sedges,<br />
radgan zviadaurs maspinZlis Zmis sisxli marTebs. logikis mixedviT,<br />
joyolam ar unda umfarvelos xevsur stumars mas Semdeg,<br />
rac mis vinaobas Seityobs, magram SurisZieba ar Rvivdeba.<br />
swored logikis am uecari `gajiutebis~ Sefasebaa musas mier<br />
joyolasTvis naTqvami `Stero~ და `WkvaTxelo~. rig sxva garemoebebTan<br />
erTad, rogoricaa joyolas Rirsebis Selaxva _ misi<br />
kacobis, ojaxisa da stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciis Seuracx-<br />
84
yofa _ stumrisadmi joyolas am ucnaur damokidebulebaSi<br />
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba zviadauris xibls, romlis gansakuTrebul<br />
xarisxze vaJa sxvagan aRniSnavs: `...ciT Camosuli<br />
svetada~.<br />
arc aludas eTmoba mucali. igi sikvdilis merec cdilobs<br />
TavisianTa rigebSi Semoiyvanos qisti gapatiosnebiT, kuratis<br />
SewirviT, mxolod imitom, rom Tavisi `lamazi~, magram `mounaTlavi~<br />
Zma Seaxvewos Tavis `batons“, anu Tavisianad aRiarebinos<br />
da am aRiarebas legitimuroba mianiWos. Sexvedris metafizikur<br />
arsze migvaniSnebs isic, rom gamocnobisa da Sexvedris momentSi<br />
orive poemis protagonistebi ise iqcevian, TiTqos kanoni ar<br />
arsebobs, TiTqos im sivrceSi, sadac Temi mrisxaned grgvinavs,<br />
aravin araa, sicarielea, TiTos iq mxolod fizikuri dabrkolebaa,<br />
romelic unda moiSoro. am `,moSorebis~ aqtia musas mkvlelobac<br />
da kuratis Sewirvac, romelsac saxeze mglisferdadebuli<br />
aluda kanonikuri ritualis sruli ignorirebiT, sakuTari<br />
xeliT aRasrulebs da `jagaraSlili~ xevisberis risxvasac<br />
daimsaxurebs.<br />
Sexvedrisas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba Sexvedris iniciators,<br />
aqtants. Tofis gadagdebis wamidan aluda ukve rCeulia<br />
mucalisagan, aRiarebulia Tavisianad, msgavsad, Tumca<br />
manamde araferi Cans iseTi, rac am arCevanze migvaniSnebdes. am<br />
aRiarebis mere aluda ukve mucalis arCevanis tyvea da bolomde<br />
rCeba am mdgomareobaSi _ `tyveobis TavisuflebaSi~, anu Temis<br />
kanonisagan Tavisufal, mis ugulvebelmyofel, magram imavdroulad,<br />
mucalTan Sexvedris metafizikur Zalasa da sakuTar<br />
zneobriv arCevans damorCilebuli. ras niSnavs qistisgan iara-<br />
Ris datoveba? misi Caudeneli gmirobebis, vaJkacuri saqmeebis,<br />
erTi sityviT, aludas tyviiT Sewyvetili, mucalis mTeli dar-<br />
Cenili sicocxlis valad dadebas aludasaTvis. rogorc mucalis<br />
arCevani SemosazRvravs aludas nebas, ise joyolas arCevani<br />
_ zviadaurisas. davakvirdeT: orive Sexvedris iniciatorebi<br />
85
`sxvebi~, `ucxoebi~ arian. impulsi da stimuli modis sxvisgan,<br />
qistisgan anu mtrulad aRqmuli mxarisgan. orive SemTxvevaSi<br />
zustad is xdeba, rasac buberi uwodebs `Sen~-is Sexvedras `Cem-<br />
Tan~_ Tanac swored aRniSnuli TanmimdevrobiT. joyolas iniciativaa<br />
ara mxolod xevsurisTvis nanadirevis SeTavazeba da<br />
saxlSi mipatiJeba, aramed sakuTari gadawyvetilebis dacvis<br />
gansakuTrebuli, qistebisTvis sruliad auxsneli da miuRebeli<br />
neba (sxvaTa Soris, am nebis `winapirobas~ vaJa qistebis SefasebaSi<br />
axsenebs: `exlac masxarad agvigdo, / winad xom bevrjel agvria~).<br />
zviadauris vaJkacur sikvdilSi gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens mis Tvalwin gaTamaSebuli scena: joyolas dapiripireba<br />
TemTan da musas mkvleloba. ase rom, ara mxolod zviadauria<br />
gansakuTrebuli, aramed joyolac aseTia da es gansakuTrebul-<br />
Ta Sexvedraa.<br />
Tofis gadagdeba aRmoCnda is Jesti, romelmac Searyia aludas<br />
buneba. iaraRi maTi msgavsi kacobis signalia. esaa mtrisgan<br />
wamosuli, aludasaTvis sruliad moulodneli da mkafio niSani<br />
msgavsebaze (aracxad, oden aracnobieri TanagrZnobis gamomwvev<br />
signalad aRiqmeba mucalis mier WrilobaSi balaxis Cafeva). am<br />
epizodSi erTmaneTs xvdeba ori, ara mxolod simaRliT da vaJkacobiT<br />
erTgvari adamiani, aramed xorcieldeba aludas Sexvedrac<br />
sikvdilTaნ da Sesabamisad, sicocxlesTanac, Tavis farul<br />
`me~-sTan. aluda ise gaapatiosnebs da daitirebs gardacvlil<br />
mucals, rogorc daitirebda sakuTar Tavs, mkvdari rom enaxa.<br />
Sexvedrisas xdeba `me~-Ta gacvla.<br />
amis dadasturebaa aludasa da mucalis Sepasuxebebi brZolis<br />
dros, romelic mimdinareobs qvazidialogiს saxiT, nawilobriv<br />
_ naTqvamis ukan dabrunebis, anu eqos reJimSi (`rjul-<br />
ZaRlo~). sivrce TiTqos sarkiseburad aireklavs mowinaaRmdegis<br />
sityvas dapirispirebulTa sruli msgavsebis gamo. dialogSi<br />
sityva ekuTvnis warmomTqmels. Cvens SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive<br />
gamoTqma ekuTvnis orives. Tuki nebismieri enobrivi modeli<br />
86
mosaubris cnobierebis reprezentaciaa, gamodis, rom aludac<br />
da mucalic erTi tipis cnobierebas ganasaxiereben. es tipologiuri<br />
msgavseba radikalur urTierTsiZulvilSi gamoixateba,<br />
anu isini ara mxolod vaJkacobiT, aramed siZulviliTac gvanan<br />
erTmaneTs. es msgavseba imdenad TvalsaCinoa, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom mucali qisti aludaa da piriqiT.<br />
mucalis sikvdilis Semdgomi scena warmogvidgens aludas<br />
cnobierebis gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas _ mzaobas namdvili<br />
dialogisTvis. da aluda mimarTavs ukve moklul mucals:<br />
`vaJkaco, Cemgan moklulo~... dialoguri impulsis gaCena, Tavis<br />
mxriv, imaze migvaniSnebs, rom ukve Se-Zrulia aludas buneba, da-<br />
Zrulia Rirebulebebi da mucalis adgili aludas gverdiTaa da<br />
ara mis pirispir. yvelaze Rrma urTierToba yalibdeba mucalis<br />
sikvdilis Semdeg. swored maSin, rodesac adamians, romelsac<br />
aluda mimarTavs, ar esmis misi.<br />
mucalTan dakavSirebul warmodgenaTa sicxade _ sizmarSic<br />
da realobaSic ( WrilobaSi balaxis Cafeva da sxv.) _ aludas<br />
aiZulebs, darCes awmyoSi, warsuli SeigrZnos, rogorc jerac<br />
ardasrulebuli awmyo. aqedan, misi tkivilis simZafre da survili,<br />
raime gaakeTos mokluli qistisTvis. cnobilia: adamiani<br />
ubrundeba warsuls imitom, rom cxovrobs gamocdilebiT. aluda-mucalis<br />
Sexvedra awmyoSi rCeba, radgan aludam ver aRiqva<br />
mucaლis sikvdili, rogorc Cveulebrivi gamocdileba. misi sikvdiliT<br />
gamowveuli travma imdenad mZafria, rom aლudas uCndeba<br />
survili, `acocxlos~ mucali raRac sxva, oRond aucileblad<br />
`Tanaswor~ ganzomilebaSi, sakuTari fiqriT Seqmnil<br />
yoveldRiurobaSi. es, misTvis manamde ucnobi gamocdileba<br />
aiZulebs ganuwyvetel fiqrsa da moqmedebas, rogorc es awmyoSi<br />
gadauWreli, cocxali problemis SemTxvevaSi xdeba, anu iq da<br />
maSin, roca yvela nacnobi gamocdileba daviwyebulia.<br />
mainc raSi sWiრ deba gardacvlil mucals sxvisi RmerTisgan<br />
cxoneba? es sWirdeba aludas. amiT apirebs igi gadaლaxos yvela-<br />
87
ze Zlieri gansxvaveba, rac qistisgan aSorebs, radgan sxva yvelaferi<br />
gadalaxuli aqvs. saocaria aludas simarTlis Zala da<br />
simaRle, roca Tems upirispirdeba. am simarTlis Zala aiZulebs,<br />
SeuZlebeli moiTxovos Temisgan. TiTqmis auxsnelia, ratom<br />
sTxovs berdias, gaugos? berdias sityvebic —gons modio_<br />
am SeuZleblobaze miniSnebaa. aseTi ram xdeba mxolod maSin,<br />
roca adamiani imdenadaa darwmunebulი sakuTar simarTleSi,<br />
rom ver xedavs sxva simarTles, radgan im sivrceSi, sadac misi<br />
sityva xmianobs, sxva simarTlis adgili araa. aludas mier SeZenili<br />
gamocdileba imdenad Rirebulia, rom, aludas rwmeniT,<br />
misi gauziarebloba SeuZlebelia.<br />
momxdaris gacnobiereba, misi eTikuri Sefaseba, dabolos,<br />
qistis sociokulturuli da religiuri kanonizaciis survili<br />
_ am gzas gadis aluda, sanam Tems radikalurad daupirispirdebodes.<br />
swored Sexvedridan wamosuli metafizikuri impulsi<br />
aZlevs aludas Zalas am rTul da uCveulo gzaze. igive Zala<br />
upirispirdeba Temis yovedRiuri cxovrebis avtomatizms. ar SeiZleba<br />
mtroba da sisxlisRvra monotonur yoveldRiurobad<br />
iqces _ swored amis gacnobiereba iwyeba mucalTaნ Sexvedris<br />
Semdeg (`visac mteroba moswyurdes~), amitom berdiasaTvis naTqvami<br />
fraza: `miTom erTni varT, berdiav~... _ erTianobis Sexsenebaze<br />
metad, axladaRmoCenil gansxvavebulobaze miniSnebaa.<br />
Temisa da aludas urTierToba ukve `viTom erTobaa~, mas aRaraferi<br />
kravs. aluda `sxvaa“, Temisgan gamosxvavebuli da am nabijisTvis<br />
dasjili da mokveTilic.<br />
cvlileba aludasTan xdeba uceb, erTbaSad. `uceb~ aRsruldeba<br />
`mcire droSi~, magram Tavisi egzistencialuri datvir-<br />
TviT ekuTvnis `did dros~. drosTan aseTive ambivalentur mimarTebaSia<br />
`erTxel~ (`erTxel maunda aludas, erTxel mabrunva<br />
Tavisa~) _ erTxel, da samudamod. `uceb~ cvlileba ekuTvnis<br />
yofierebis maradiul struqturas iseve, rogorc `erTxel~<br />
ekuTvnis did dros, maradisobas. es `erTxel~ poemis bolos sa-<br />
88
xierdeba drois sivrcul suraTSi, romelsac gamoTxovebis,<br />
ukanasknelad Tvalis Sevlebisa da maradiuli damaxsovrebis<br />
funqcia akisria. aludas Tavis mobrunebis plastika swored am<br />
vizualur-emociuri xatis Senaxvas emsaxureba. `erTxel~-Si<br />
marxia is egzistencialuri muxti, romelic axlavs sicocxles-<br />
Tan damSvidobebas. es `uceb~ da `erTxel~ tolfasi sulieri<br />
mdgomareobebi da maradisobis signalebia. poemaSi isini or adgilas<br />
Cndeba: aludas mier sikvdilis SecnobaSi _ mucalis sicocxlesTan<br />
damSvidobebis wams da finalSi _ Tavis sasicocxlo<br />
garemosTan aludas gamoTxovebis epizodSi. es ukanaskneli<br />
warmoadgens Sexvedris sivrcidan gasvlas, mis iZulebiT mitovebas.<br />
axali sulieri gamocdileba ucnobi gzebiT Semodis aluda-<br />
Si, Cans mxolod Sedegi: moulodnelad aludaSi, am mrisxane da<br />
daundobel xevsurSi adamianis Cvili, mgrZnobiare buneba alaparakdeba.<br />
SefasebiT-enobriv doneze vaJa am cvlilebis radikalurobas<br />
gamoxatavs qali/kacis opoziciuri struqturis SemotaniTa<br />
da wevrebis adgilSenacvlebiT (`...atirda rogorc qalio~).<br />
aludas iseve `gamoecvala guneba~, rogorc `kacobriobis<br />
mters~ (gvels) _ luxumis naxvisas `baxtrionSi~, rogorc<br />
mindias _ `gvelismWamelSi~. vaJa xedavs, rogor icvleba adamianis<br />
arsi da am cvlilebas msxvili planiT, TandaTanobiT, danawevrebulad<br />
aRwers: aluda jer Tofze ambobs uars, mere tiris,<br />
mere micvalebulsac gaapatiosnebs xmamaRali moTqmiT, nabdis<br />
daxurviT, gasworebiT, TavTan iaraRis dadebiT, erTi sityviT,<br />
datirebis mTeli ritualiს CatarebiT. cnobilia, gulCviloba<br />
mTaSi `qalur~ saqcielad iTvleba da gakicxvas an dacinvas imsaxurebs.<br />
gavixsenoT: `baxtrionSi~ zezva gafrindauli luxums<br />
mtris sibraluls uwunebs da argumentad uflis ganCinebas<br />
asaxelebs: `visac Cven ar vebralebiT, /Cven SevibraloT risada,<br />
sikvdili TviTon ufalsa/ gauCenia mtrisada~, magram isic cxadia,<br />
rom swored am gansakuTrebuli sikeTis gamo patronobs<br />
luxums `kacobriobis mteri~. zezva vaJas sayvareli, TiTqmis<br />
89
idealuri gmiria. misi piriT vaJa xalxis mebrZoli da Seurigebeli<br />
nawilis sityvas axmovanebs. amisda miuxedavad, samyaros<br />
eTikur harmonias swored luxumi aRadgens. zezvasnairebi qmnian<br />
istorias, luxumisnairebi qmnian miTs.<br />
aq aris kidev erTi epizodi, romelic mkvlevarTa gansxvavebul<br />
Sefasebas iwvevs. saqme exeba mucalis Zmis mklavis moWris<br />
epizods, romelic siuJetur droSi gamotovebulia. Tamaz Cxenkelis<br />
azriT, mucalis Zmas aluda mklavs mucalis datirebis<br />
Semdeg aWris (Cxenkeli 1989: 244). mainc rodis xdeba es? dro<br />
ucnobia, Tumca mklavis wamoRebis faqtiT vaJa aSkarad migvaniSnebs<br />
raRacaze. erTi versia tradiciulia da savsebiT gasaziarebeli:<br />
vaJa amiT mucalis mimarT aludas gansakuTrebul damokidebulebas<br />
usvams xazs. es damokidebuleba sxva qistebze ar<br />
vrceldeba, maT Soris, arc mucalis Zmaze. vfiqrob, es versia<br />
mainc ver xsnis bolomde am epizodis `miumagreblobas~ poemis<br />
siuJetur drosTan: vaJas aludas `nadavli~ mxolod mas Semdeg<br />
axsendeba, rac mZime da upasuxo kiTxvebiT aforiaqebuli da<br />
gulmokluli aluda Sin brundeba. naklebad savaraudoa, rom<br />
mucalis sikvdiliT SeZruli aluda mis Zmas mklavis mosaWrelad<br />
mibruneboda. ufro savaraudoa, rom es moxda manam, sanam<br />
mucalsa da aludas Soris orTabrZola daiwyeboda, magram vaJam<br />
gamotova es epizodi, radgan mucalis Zmis mklavis mokveTis<br />
logikur-droiTi mizanSewoniloba am momentSi misTvis naklebad<br />
saainteresoa. mas `eCqareba~ aludasa da mucalis orTabrZolaze<br />
gadasvla, mTlianad moculia im SexvedriT, romelic<br />
unda Sedges. vaJas ainteresebs mxolod am Sexvedris dro da ara<br />
is, rac manamde xdeba, radgan es `manamde~ Cveulebrivi droa, yoveldRiuroba,<br />
sadac aluda Temis sasaxelo, Tumca erTi rigiTi<br />
wevria, Temis kanonis, da ara sakuTari nebis aRmsrulebeli. is,<br />
rac mucalis SemTxvevaSi xdeba, drois miRma dgas, `zღ vruli<br />
wertilia~, saidanac aludas axali gza unda daiwyos, sakuTriv<br />
misi gza. soflisken mobrunebuli aluda jer mxolod am gzis<br />
90
dasawyisSia da vaJas surs, gzis dasasruls miRweuli sulieri<br />
simaRlis ukeT Sesafaseblad, qeTelauri am sawyis wertilSi<br />
mTeli Tavisi codva-braliT vixiloT, meti sizustisa da realurobisTvis<br />
ki _ cxenze qistis moWrili mklavic unda iyos<br />
gadakiduli.<br />
davakvirdeT: mucalis Seupovari winaaRmdegoba ver iqneba is<br />
mizezi, romelsac aludaSi aseTi radikaluri cvlilebis gamowveva<br />
SeeZlo. aluda bevri brZolis gadamtania da misi vaJkacoba,<br />
cxadia, mxdalebis damarcxebiT ki ar ganizomeba, aramed<br />
TanasworebTan gamarjvebebis rigiT. es, upiratesad, cxadi da<br />
Sesabamisad, naklebad mniSvnelovani argumentia. Tofis gadagdeba<br />
_ ai, Jesti, romelmac erTianad SeZra aludas arseba.<br />
mucalma sikvdilis win erTxel kidev aRiara gansxvaveba (`axla<br />
Sen iyos, rjulZaRlo~...), magram aRiara, imavdroulad, msgavseba<br />
da pativiscema mowinaaRmdegis vaJkacobis mimarT (`xelT ar<br />
Cavardes sxvisasa~), da, rac yvelaze arsebiTia, am aRiarebas<br />
TviT im faqtmac ar SeuSala xeli, rom swored am kacis xeliT<br />
moeswrafa sicocxle masac da mis Zmasac. ai, swored aq igrZno<br />
gaucnobiereblad aludam mucalis uCveulo simaRle.<br />
Tofis gadacemiT kacobis simbolos gadacema xdeba da am<br />
simbolos amieridan moucileblad axlavs misi patronis xsovnac.<br />
aluda iRebs estafetas. aludas gancdaTa vibracia am momentidan<br />
ukiduresad daZabuli da nerviulia. igi CainiSnavs rogorc<br />
brZamiT wylulis Cafevas, ise Tofis gadagdebas. aq xdeba<br />
Sexvedrac: aluda sakuTar Tavs xvdeba mucalSi, sakuTar sicocxles<br />
eTxoveba da sakuTar sikvdils Caxedavs TvalebSi. aqaa,<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, `Tavzardacema Secnobisagan~, cnobiT SeZvra,<br />
sulisa da gonis SemZvreli nacnoboba, romelic `lamazi Zmis~<br />
aRiarebiT mTavrdeba. Tuki ieso `TvisTa Tana mivida da TvisTa<br />
Tana igi ver icnes~ (ioane 1, 10-11), mucali mterTa Tana misuli,<br />
mterma misma icno.<br />
91
aludasa da mucalis SebrZoleba mtrobis TiTqmis idealuri,<br />
unaklo suraTia. rom ara es sisrule, `avsebuloba~ mtrobiT,<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom verc aseTi swrafi ganmuxtva moxdeboda.<br />
rCeba STabeWdileba, rom cvlilebis aseTi momentaluroba stiqiuria,<br />
im bunebiTი arsis gamoxatulebaa, romelic erTnairia<br />
mTel yofierebaSi adamianisTvisac da bunebisTvisac. rogorc<br />
maRali Zabvis sadenebis Sexebisas xdeba energiisgan dacლa, ise<br />
upauzod, pirdapir gadadis aluda sapirispiro mdgomareobaSi.<br />
TanasoflelebTan mobrunebuli aluda ambis moyoლas pirdapir<br />
mucalis SefasebiT iwyebs da amTavrebs (`im cxonebulsa<br />
mucalsa~...). TiTqos masTan SebrZolebis faqts ki ar aniWebs<br />
mniSvnelobas, aramed Tavis sulSi momxdari cvlilebis refleqsirebas<br />
axdens (`guli gamiwyra, ara hqna,/ rac saqnelia Znelada~).<br />
TiTqos aluda Tavisi warmatebuli brZolis ambavs ki ar<br />
uyveba msmenels, romlebic swored amas elian misgan, aramed —<br />
mucalis ambavs. ise yveba, rogorc damarcxebuli moyveba mowinaaRmdegis<br />
gamarjvebis ambavs, radgan aludasaTvis swored esaa<br />
SemTxvevis faruli simarTle, romelic aludasaTvis dResaviT<br />
naTelia, SatilionebisTvis ki _ gaugebari da miuwvdomeli.<br />
Sinaarsobriv da siuJetur doneze Sexvedris mizania Secvalos<br />
Cveni warmodgena movlenaTa ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebebze,<br />
migvaniSnos maT metafizikur arsze. Sexvedris konceptualizaciis<br />
es gza homologiuria gansxvavebul semantema-<br />
Ta Sexvedrisa metaforul procesSi, romlis mizania gviCvenos<br />
azri, mianiWos mas sivrcul- vizualuri da emociuri ganzomileba.<br />
iseve, rogorc enobriv doneze metaforis Seqmna niSnavs<br />
Seicno msgavseba, msoflmxedvelobriv-eTikur doneze Sexvedra<br />
niSnavs ucxoSi, sxvagvarSi ipovo msgavsi, `dagvari~, dainaxo mewyvile<br />
gansxvavebulSi. Sinaarsis doneze orive poemaSi Sexvedra<br />
sruldeba gansxvavebulTa Soris msgavsebis aRmoCeniT da megobroba-Zmobis<br />
aRiarebiT ( `...Cemi lamazi ZmisTvina~; `...Zmobis<br />
da erTobisasa~), enobriv doneze igi gamoixateba metaforuli<br />
92
procesis uwyvetobaSi da realuri planis moZraobaSi miTosuridealuri<br />
planisken.<br />
Tavdapirvelad metaforuli procesi epiforul, anu ganvrcobis<br />
etaps gadis. msgavseba opoziciur Zalebs Soris Zlierdeba<br />
dapirispirebis mTel manZilze _ gadaadgilebiT, moZraobiT,<br />
JestebiT, Tanabari raodenobis srolebiთ (sam-samjer),<br />
erTnairi SepasuxebebiT, dabolos, yovel jerze ganmeorebuli<br />
`rjulZaRloTi“.yvelaferi, rac aludaSi amis Semdeg xdeba,<br />
esaa metamorfozis aqti, xolo uoles stivensis ganmartebiT,<br />
metafora sxva araferia, Tu ara `metamorfozis simboluri ena“<br />
(Teoria... 1990: 83). semantikuri metamorfozac swored msgavsebis<br />
aRmoCenis gziT midis da metaforiT _ semantemaTa urTier-<br />
TSeWriT, anu mniSvnelobaTa SexvedriT sruldeba. rac ufro<br />
maRalia semantikur gardaqmnaTa xarisxi, miT ufro srulyofilia<br />
metafora. mniSvnelobebi, maT Soris faruli kavSiris aRmo-<br />
Cenis mizniT, gardaqmnis procesSi sul ufro meti siRrmisaken<br />
moZraoben. swored esaa metaforis umTavresi maxasiaTebeli.<br />
swored amiTaa, rogorc barti ambobs, igi uZiro niSani. swored<br />
am faruli siRrmisken niSanTa moZraobas axlavs Seucnoblis<br />
gamonaTebis, raRac axali, dafaruli kavSirisa da codnis aRmo-<br />
Cenis xibli metaforaSi. siRrmisken ltolviT Sepyrobil niSan-<br />
Ta gasvla sasaubro enis konvenciuri velidan, anu avtomatizmisagan<br />
Tavisufal, axal SexvedraTa sivrceSi funqciuri analogiaa<br />
joyolas, aRazas, aludas Seucnobeli sulieri moZraobisa<br />
sakuTari `me“—s siRrmeebisaken, an, gnebavT, adamianobis<br />
mwvervalebisaken. warmosaxvaSi mimdinare es erTdrouli aqti<br />
ganvrcobisa da SekavSirebisa, swored es ormagi moZraoba warmoadgens<br />
da gamoxatavs metaforuli procesis arss. esaa, uilraitis<br />
azriT, metaforuli Txzvis ori mTavari elementi<br />
(Teoria... 1990: 83).<br />
Sexvedris metafizikuri arsi aniWebs filosofiur da poetur<br />
ganzomilebas, erTi SexedviT, Cveulebriv ambebs. Sexvedra<br />
93
ar ganekuTvneba yoveldRiurobis, sadagis sferos. igi gansaku-<br />
Trebuli aqtia, romelic samyaros cvlis. verc qistebis, verc<br />
xevsurebis Temi amieridan veRar iqneba iseTi, rogoric guSin<br />
iyo da es cvlileba aluda-mucalisa da joyola _ zviadauris<br />
Sexvedris Sedegia. Sexvedris idumali materia cxaddeba orive<br />
poemis finalur scenebSi: `stumar—maspinZlis“ bolos daxatuli<br />
idiliuri suraTi uceb ifareba bneliT (`magram wamova janRi<br />
ram...“). realobis pirveladi, veluri materia Slis samTa am<br />
amaRlebuli sulierebiT Semkul suraTs, raTa meore dRes isev<br />
gaTamaSdes. gameoreba naTeli—bnelis monacvleobaSi daxatul<br />
am Sexvedras miTosur, ciklur droSi moaqcevs da am gziT<br />
idealur ganzomilebaSi, `did droSi“ ganaTavsebs. poemis finalSi<br />
miTis CarTviT, ambis gadataniT realuridan miTosur<br />
planSi vaJa konkretuli fizikuri drois sazRvrebs afarToebs,<br />
erTmaneTTan aaxloebs realur da idealur ganzomilebebs. daaxloebis<br />
mizani yofierebis `fizikisa” da metafizikis Sexvedris<br />
poeturi aqtis ganxorcielebaa.<br />
miTsa da realobas vaJa gamijnavs sityviT `amboben~. esaa did<br />
droze orientirebuli verbaluri niSani, ambis gansakuTrebuli<br />
legitimurobis aRmniSvneli, apelireba maradisobasTan, romelsac<br />
zurgs TaobaTa mexsiereba umagrebs. `amboben~ _ sityvis<br />
is instanciaa, romelic yoveldRiurobisgan gansxvavebul, megaganzomilebaSi<br />
ikiTxeba, iq, sadac, grigol robaqiZis sityviT,<br />
erT mTlianobaSi CansaTqmelad miiswrafis yvelaferi, raTa<br />
kvlav dabrundes, ganmeordes. vaJa swored am ganzomilebas ucqerda<br />
da, rogorc Cans, amitomac ar aRiqvamda Tavisi eTnikuri<br />
sivrcis sipataraves, amitomac xatavda geografiulad `viwro~<br />
garemoSi ase bunebrivad uZlieres adamianur vnebebs da esoden<br />
monumentur xasiaTebs.<br />
hegelisagan gansxvavebiT, romlis azriTac, SemTxveva amaxinjebs<br />
samyaros mowerigebul suraTs, vaJasTan igi yofierebis<br />
erTiani struqturis nawilia da warmoadgens sicocxlis masti-<br />
94
mulirebel intencias _ misi ganviTarebis aucilebel pirobas<br />
yvela doneze: biologiuridan socialuramde, vitaluridan —<br />
eTikuramde.<br />
dapirispirebulTa Sejaxeba da Sexvedra, oRond yofierebis<br />
mTlianobis SenarCunebis pirobebSi arRvevs yoveldRiurobis<br />
(analogiurad _sasubro enis) monotonurobas da gansakuTrebul<br />
xibls aniWebs yofierebis (sicocxlis) struqturas.<br />
iseve, rogorc metyvelebis aqtisTvis metafora aris gramatikuli<br />
da logikuri normidan gadaxveva, raTa Seiqmnas axali<br />
mniSvnelobebi da gan—saxovnebuli azri (mniSvnelobis pedalirebis<br />
esTetikur—emociuri da vizualuri gza), ise opoziciuri<br />
mewyvileebis Sexvedra qmnis zneobrivi da socialuri TvalsazrisiT<br />
axal erTobas. ucxo-Cemianiს , mter-moyvris opoziciaSi<br />
aludas cnobierebas koreqtivi mxolod mas Semdeg Seaqvs, rac<br />
aluda-mucalis Sexvedra Sedgeba. aludas Sinagan cvlilebebs<br />
asaxavx fraza `ar ewonebis Tavia~ da ukve ganzogadebuli saxiT<br />
_ `visac mteroba moswyurdes~... swored am etapidan aludaSi<br />
Cndeba Sinagani mzaoba, daupirispirdes Tems.<br />
meta—fora (ga, gada, miRma + moZraoba) sxva araferia, Tu ara<br />
enis, sityvis moZraoba semantikur sivrceSi sxva mniSvnelobeb-<br />
Tan Sesaxvedrad. es Sexvedra xdeba enis mier Seqmnil, warmosaxviT<br />
sivrceSi. es Sexvedra iseve, rogorc miTi, realobis miRma,<br />
mis meore mxares xorcieldeba da gvatyobinebs im SesaZleblobebze,<br />
romelic realobam dakarga, realobaSi ver ganxorcielda<br />
(`stumar—maspinZlis“ da `baxtrionis“ finali).<br />
metaforis wevrebs Soris urTerToba myardeba ara imdenad<br />
msgavsebis, ramdenadac emociuri Sesabamisobis safuZvelze.<br />
swored aseT Sesabamisobaze SeiZleba visaubroT joyolasa da<br />
zviadauris Sexvedrisas, roca bnel RameSi, ori, erTmaneTis-<br />
Tvis sruliad ucnobi adamiani stumar-maspinZlobis socialur<br />
urTierTobas amyareben. is, Tu tრ adiciiT dadgenili daculobis<br />
miuxedavad, ra xifaTs Seicavs aseTi ndoba, poemidan aSkaraa.<br />
95
magram Sexvedra gardauvalia da am Sexvedris safuZveli intuiciiT<br />
SegrZnobili, emociur Sesabamisobaze damyarebuli msgavsebis<br />
Secnobaa. esaa is, rac radikalurad cvlis rogorc joyolas<br />
ojaxis, ise qistebisa da xevsurebis cxovrebasac (xevsur-<br />
Ta laSqroba qistebze da am brZolis Sedegi).<br />
garda imisa, rom zviadauri malavs Tavis vinaobas, anu<br />
cruobs, rac vaJkacisTvis da, miT ufro zviadaurisTvis, arafriT<br />
ar CaiTvleba Cveulebriv saqcielad, verc zviadaurisadmi<br />
es ucnuri ndoba CaiTvleba Cveulebriv movlenad im kacisagan,<br />
romelic Zmis mkvlelTan Seyris yovelwamieri molodiniT<br />
cocxlobs. metic, rom ara Zlieri simpaTikuri gancda da msgavsis<br />
amocnoba SemTxveviT gadayril ucnobSi, arc joyola umfarvelebda<br />
Zmis mkvlels Temis nebis sawinaaRmdegod mas Semdeg,<br />
rac misTvis stumris vinaoba ukve gacxadda. miuxedvad<br />
imisa, rom Temisadmi winaaRmdegobas pirovnuli Rirsebis dacvis<br />
aucileblobac warmarTavs (`vis stumars boWavT~..., `dRes<br />
stumaria eg Cemi~...), mainc cxadia, rom aq kidev aris raRac, rac<br />
joyolas qmedebis farul motivacias qmnis. swored am motivaciis<br />
gamo akldeba simyare kanonis avtoritets. swored Sexvedris<br />
metafizikuri determinacia iwvevs joyolaSi im azris provocirebas,<br />
rom Temi usamarTlo da moZaladea. usamarTlo kanoni<br />
ki moklebulia legitimurobas da Sesrulebis aucileblobas.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, aseTsave emociur Sesabamisobas emyareba<br />
zviadauris vaJkacobis aRiarebac sisxlmowyurebulი brboს mier,<br />
roca yvelaze moulodnel adgilas myisierad ifeTqebs sibralulis,<br />
Semdeg ki sircxvilis gancdac. aq Sesabamisoba myardeba<br />
zviadauris farul, mxolod xevsurebisTvis nacnob `na-<br />
Tel~ bunebasa da qistebis moulodnelad gaCenil TanagrZnobas<br />
Soris. zviadauris dasaxasiaTeblad motanili fraza _ `ciT<br />
Camosuli svetada~ _ konotaciur doneze (sinaTlis, siTbos,<br />
simaRlis asociaciebi) absoluturad gamoricxavs Zaladobis,<br />
mtrobis mniSvnelobebs, Tumca mas rCeba Zalis, zemoqmedebis<br />
96
konotacia da swored misi saSualebiT myardeba kavSiri sibralulis,<br />
TanagrZnobis semantemebTan.<br />
davakvirdeT: zviadaurma icis, rom qistebi `mtrobiT~<br />
icnoben. maS, ratom modis qistTan stumrad? imitom, rom aseTia<br />
bedisweris neba, es nabiji bedisweriTaa gansazRvruli da amitom<br />
saRi azri dums. amis pasuxi unda amovikiTxoT joyolas<br />
SekiTxvaSic zviadaurisadmi: `maS Tu es ese ar aris, / rad SemefeTe<br />
am drosa?~ bedisweris nebiT xdeba Secdoma, gadacdoma da<br />
xdeba imitom, rom Sedges Sexvedra. Sexvedra ki, Tavis mxriv,<br />
Tund sikvdilis fasad, am sabediswero scenis monawileebs SesaZleblobas<br />
aZlevs, ganaxorcielon TavianTi, manamde uxilavi<br />
arsi.<br />
bedisweras vaJa orjer axsenebs: dasawyisSi, zviadauris da<br />
joyolas pirveli Sexvedrisas da finalur scenaSi (`wera-mwerelis<br />
weriTa~). drois cvlas vaJa grZnobs, rogorc Sexvedrasa<br />
da gayras, rogorc Sexvedris dasawyissa da dasasruls, rogorc<br />
sinaTlesa da sibneles, dResa da Rames, sikvdiლsa da sicocxles.<br />
rogorc toposs, sadac opoziciuri mewyvileebi erTiandebian,<br />
erTobebi ki iSlebian opoziciebad. es gadasvla da adgilmonacvleoba<br />
bunebis kanonis analogiuria. arsebobs instancia,<br />
romelic am yvelaferze maRla dgas da Sexvedris Semfasebelia<br />
_ dro. am instanciaSi ibadeba Tqmuleba, miTosi. aludas ukanaskneli<br />
gza TiTqos misi ambis miTSi gadasvlis uverturaa. aq<br />
kidev erთi niSniT Zlierdeba misi sulieri simaRle, misi mzaoba<br />
idealuri rolisaTvis: `...Tems nu swyevT~. ras niSnavs Temisganve<br />
usamarTlod mokveTili kacis es sityvebi? es mimtevebeli,<br />
WirTamTmeni, sulierad amaRlebuli da brZeni kacis poziciaa,<br />
romelmac icis, rom TemisTvis sakuTari kanonis dacva TviTgadarCenis<br />
erTaderTi pirobaa, magram icis isic, rom mxolod<br />
pirovnebas ZaluZs da evaleba umaRlesi adamianuri kanonis<br />
aRsruleba.<br />
97
miTis zedrouli instancia iq iRebs saTaves, sadac logika<br />
uZluria da Cumdeba, sadac apelacia mxolod mudmivobasTan SeiZleba:<br />
`vis gauyidav stumari, qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada?~ _<br />
ar Tqmula, maSasadame, precedenti ar arsebobs. magram arsebobs<br />
Tu ara imis precedenti, rom qists Zmis mkvlelis dasacavad<br />
Tavisiani gaewiros, an misganve mokluli qisti xevsurs qristianulad<br />
daemwyalobebinos? vaJa am precedentebs qmnis da Tavis<br />
literaturul personaJebs amiTiurebs, Tumca manamde realobaSi<br />
ganaTavsebs da uCveulo materialurobiT Semosavs. amitomaa,<br />
rom misi dauviwyari saxeebi realurobasTan erTad, maradiuli<br />
nacnobobis beWedsac atareben. isini gvaxseneben imas, rac<br />
mudam iyo, aris da iqneba, an cota sxvagvarad: `es araodes yofila,<br />
oRond yovelTvis aris~ (qarTTveli...2003: 203). aris da<br />
kvlavac iqneba miTSi, maSinac ki, roca realobaSi maTi arsebobis<br />
niSnebi TiTqos arsad Cans, gamqralia. vaJa am gamqrali, janRafarebuli<br />
samyarodan gamoxmobil aCrdilebs acocxlebs da<br />
maTi saSualebiT axdens apelacias mudmivobasTan. ,,diacs mudamac<br />
uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa” _ `mudam~ is instanciaa,<br />
romelTan mosatanic araa joyolas varaudi, Sexeduleba, eWvi.<br />
amitom eubneba cols am erTaderT, beWediviT mtkice frazas da<br />
dumdeba. colis dagvianebiT aforiaqebuli, TiTqos sakuTar<br />
eWvian kiTxvebsac pasuxobs am fraziT, raTa eWvi aRkveTos,<br />
gonebas sinaTle daubrunos.<br />
davakvirdeT: poemaSi ar Cans, ras akeTebs joyola zviadauris<br />
wayvanis mere. vaJas igi TiTqos `aviwydeba~. zviadauris<br />
dasjis mere Sin dabrunebul cols igi fexifexzegadadebuli,<br />
`keris pirs~ mjdomi uxvdeba (Rrmad Cafiqrebuli adamianis poza).<br />
aRaza, rogorc joyolas mgrZnobiare da emociuri ipostasi<br />
_ agrZelebs zviadauris TanagrZnobas, misi kacobis dafasebas,<br />
misiT aRfrTovanebas anu im yvelafers, risi SesaZleblobac<br />
joyolas ar eZleva. savaraudoa, rom ZmismkvleliT metismeti<br />
aRfrTovaneba uTuod daazianebda joyolas saxes da zviadaur-<br />
98
Tan mis daZmobilebas _ SemTxveviTobis wyalobiT ase damajerebels<br />
_ saeWvod aqcevda. amitom vaJam es xazi aRazaSi ganavi-<br />
Tara, joyolas ki saboloo Sefasebis ufleba misca imis aRiarebiT,<br />
rom zviadauri `kargi vaJkaci~, anu `kai yma~ iyo _ lakonurad<br />
da Rrmad, sul erTi winadadebiT. scena met replikas ar<br />
saWiroebs, Tumca aris raRac, rac aRazas awuxebs da afiqrebs,<br />
savaraudod, joyolasac. joyolam ukve misca Sefaseba am `raRacas~,<br />
roca Tqva fraza `diacs mudamac uxdeba...~ aRaza xvdeba,<br />
rom es `raRac~ ufro metia, vidre ucxo vaJkacis tradiciiT<br />
nebadarTuli glova (pirze balnis aWra, sxeulze damxoba, erotiuli<br />
Seferilobis datireba), xvdeba, magram Tavsac ver utydeba.<br />
es `raRac meti~ mxolod zviadaurisTana vaJkacTan Sexvedrisas<br />
Cndeba da imis niSania, rom es Sexvedrac Sedga_ WeSmariti<br />
qalisa WeSmarit vaJkacTan. joyolac xom aseve ucnaurad ixibleba<br />
zviadauriT. vaJa Sexvedris metafizikur xasiaTs imiTac<br />
usvams xazs, rom SemTxvevis wyalobiT Seyrili, samives bedi ise<br />
gadaejaWva erTmaneTs, rom maTi sikvdil-sicocxlec gansazRvra.<br />
arsebobs mosazreba, rom joyolasa da zviadauris daZmobileba<br />
`iolad xdeba~ da `mxatvrul avansad~ SeiZleba CaiTvalos:<br />
`erTob iolad xdeba joyolas da zviadauris daZmobileba.<br />
iafad ujdeba mwerals maTi SeTviseba (iafad mxatvruli saSualebebis<br />
xarjvis TvalsazrisiT)...<br />
iolad moxda zviadauris, joyolasa da aRazas gacnoba, daaxloeba<br />
da urTierTSeTviseba.<br />
miuxedavad Cveni udidesi mowiwebisa vaJa—fSavelas ubadlo<br />
niWis winaSe, unda vTqvaT, rom poemis siuJetis gaSlis am etapze<br />
mwerlis fantazia usaTuod Tavisi gmirebis Sinamyarze curavs“<br />
(WeiSvili 1955: 282-283). diax, asea, magram swored realobis gansakuTrebuli,<br />
siRrmiseuli xedva karnaxobs vaJas am `siioles“.<br />
mas ar sWirdeba `mxatvrul saSualebaTa gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT<br />
xarjva“ swored imitom, rom es mxatvruli siWarbe,<br />
intensivoba, xerxebis mobilizeba, mokled, mtkicebis forma da-<br />
99
azianebda Sexvedris metafizikurobis aRqmas. vaJas am `siioles“<br />
cxovrebis, adamianis Rrma codna da metafizikuri yofierebis<br />
signalebis intuitiuri wvdoma karnaxobs. es Sexvedra swored<br />
aseTi unda iyos _ `brma“ da `ioli“, radgan igi ,,viTarebaTgan<br />
xdomilia“, anu bedisweris neba da survili.<br />
aq uTuod unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSი , rom poemis Tema stumar-maspinZlobaa,<br />
mTaSi ki `stumari RvTisaa~. joyola asec eubneba<br />
cols: `RvTis wyalobaa Cvenzeda~. stumrobiT joyolas Tavic<br />
ewoneba, radgan `sauflo wess“ asrulebs. Tavisi stumrobiT<br />
zviadauri RmerTis gzavnilia, amitom joyolasgan am Sexvedris,<br />
rogorc xvedris gardauvalobaSi eWvis Setana SeuZlebelia.<br />
rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, qisti Tavidanve SeniSnavs am gardauvalobas,<br />
rac mis dacvasac avalebs. Tu daZmobilebis siioles<br />
metafizikuri determinaciiT avxsniT, igi iqceva aucileblobad,<br />
romlis winaRdgoma arc erTs ar SeuZlia: zviadaurma unda<br />
icruos, damalos Tavisi vinaoba, anu Caidinos misTvis uCveulo<br />
saqcieli, joyolam ki masSi ver unda icnos mteri. roca Sexvedra<br />
xdeba, yvelaferi kargavs mniSvnelobas, raTa gza gauxsnas<br />
bedisweras, yvelaferi gadaideba, daviwyebaSi iZireba, isic, rom<br />
qisteTSi zviadaurs SeiZleba xifaTi SeemTxves da isic, rom<br />
gzad SemTxveviT Semoyrili ucnobi SesaZloa, Seni Zmis mkvleli<br />
aRmoCndes. rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, vaJa swored Zmismkvlel-<br />
Tan angariSsworebis am ganuwyvetel, daZabul da yovelwamier<br />
molodins usvams xazs, roca poemis dasawyisSive, Sexvedramde<br />
sul ramdenime wuTiT adre Segvaxsenebs: `Zmis mkvlelis sisxli<br />
swyuria, kaci rom midis gzazeda~. esaa araSemTxveviTi fraza, vaJas<br />
mier naTqvami Sexvedris metafizikurobis aRqmis Sesamzadeblad.<br />
vaJa moyvrobisa da mtrobis ambavs gviambobs, sadac mkafiodaa<br />
gamijnuli maTi substanciebi da asaxulia am substanciaTa<br />
urTierTgadasvla. magram ara mxolod es. vaJasTvis umTavresi<br />
am substanciiT sruli avsebaa. substanciaTa cvlileba xdeba<br />
vaJkacobiT, sikeTiTa da TanagrZnobiT sruli da moulodneli<br />
100
avsebis Semdeg. am avsebis dinamika imdenad xanmoklea, rom personaJebi<br />
TviTonve ver acnobiereben, ra xdeba maT Tavs. mTavari<br />
ki isaa, rom mtrobas ar aRmoaCndeba substancia, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom orive poemaSi mizezi (tradicia) aucileblobis wesiT<br />
moiTxovs mtrobas. mtroba aris Temis suliskveTebis substancia,<br />
magram arc joyolasTvis, arc aludasთvis mas aseTi Zala<br />
ara aqvs. vaJas mixedviT, swored mtrobis arasubstanciurobaa<br />
religiuri normis _ giyvardes mteri Seni, viTarca Tavi Seni-s<br />
SesaZleblobis, SeiZleba iTqvas, paradoqsuli SesaZleblobis<br />
safuZveli ∗ .<br />
ilias `guls guli icnobs da Rones _ Rone~ vaJasTan zneobriv<br />
energiaTa urTierTgacvliT, maTi zeddebiT Seqmnili sisavsea.<br />
aluda amitomac ver grZnobs safrTxes, araferi aferxebs<br />
mucalis aRiarebis gzaze. verc joyola Cerdeba. isini ugunurebic<br />
ki Canan TavianTi `morCilebiT~ Sexvedris egzistenciisadmi.<br />
sisavsisaken es dinebac bunebis Tvisebaa da vaJas gmirebic<br />
bunebis nawilni arian. amitom glovobs buneba zviadaursac,<br />
gigliasac. amitom `ecvleba guneba~ da amitom patronobs<br />
luxums `kacobriobis mteri~.<br />
Sexvedra warmoadgens xvedrTa Serevas, urTierTkveTas, Sejaxebas.<br />
`xuedrs~ sulxan-saba ganmartavs, rogorc `wilad xvedrebuls~,<br />
`gina viTarebaT ganxdomils“.<br />
Se-xvedra esaa Se-mTxveva, romlis faruli azri sakuTar `me”sTan,<br />
adamianur arsTan da-mTxvevaa. esaa, rogorc mamardaSvili<br />
ityoda, `me~-s miRweva `me~-mde, romelsac aq Temis zogadi kanoni<br />
eRobeba. Sexvedra adamianuri kosmosis cvlilebis, mowesrigebis<br />
wami, mTlianobis droebiT aRdgenis SesaZleblobaa. am<br />
Sexvedrisas xdeba maTi vaJkacobis Tanxvedra, zeddeba, gaZliereba.<br />
es wyvilebi, samtrod movlenilni socialur cxovrebaSi,<br />
∗ Tamaz vasaZe wers: aluda `uaxloesi adamianiviT Seiyvarebs mters da SeZlebs<br />
Taviseburad Seasrulos gansakuTrebiT Znelad Sesasrulebeli cneba<br />
`giyvardeT mterni Tqvenni~ (vasaZe 2010: 90).<br />
101
im Tavdapirvel erTianobaSi Cabrundebian, romelsac haidegeri<br />
presocialurs uwodebs da Semdegnairad gansazRvravs: `Cven<br />
yvelani erTnairad varT Setrialebulni yofierebisken~. am<br />
dros opoziciuroba iSleba da adamianuri kosmosis dazianebuli<br />
fragmenti aRdgeba. saxezea cvlilebis sociofizika da<br />
metafizika.<br />
Se-xvedra sxva araferia Tu ara xvedris aR—sruleba. siuJetis<br />
kompozicia emsaxureba ara imdenad aludas feriscvalebis<br />
logikuri mizez-Sedegobriobis Cvenebas, ramdenadac misi Tavdapirveli<br />
impulsis sruli stiqiurobisa da siZlieris, sulieri<br />
struqturis moulodneli da gardauvali cvlilebis Cvenebas,<br />
romlis winaSec yovelgvari racionaluri azri uZluria. am<br />
alogikurobis, impulsurobisa da moulodnelobis miRma aluda<br />
asaxierebs adamianis sulis mudmiv, ucvlel intencias — cvlilebis,<br />
gardaqmnis aucileblobas kanonis aucileblobis winaaRmdeg,<br />
individualuri amboxis maradiul ltolvas: `mainc xom<br />
sulis buneba mona rodia miwisa, Tavisi samflobelo aqvs, Tavis<br />
gza kargad icisa~ (`uiRblo iRbliani~). Sexvedra am mudmivi substanciis<br />
drosivrculi wertilia.<br />
Sexvedra sxva araferia, Tu ara socialur realobaSi metafizikuris<br />
`SemoWris~ qronotoposi. kacobriobis arsebobis maradiuli<br />
morfologia swored gansxvavebulTa Sexvedrisa da am<br />
SexvedriT gamowveul cvlilebaTa dinamiur rigs eyrdnoba da<br />
masSi gamoixateba.<br />
orive poemis siuJeti msxvil planSi viTardeba, radgan aseTi<br />
plani metafizikuri Sexvedris gansakuTrebulobis struqturul—arqiteqturuli<br />
analogiaa (igive masStaburi plani eposuri<br />
Janris niSanicaa).<br />
mter-moyvareni yovelTvis erTmaneTis pirispir dganan. joyolasa<br />
da zviadauris pirispir dgoma da dialogi sxva araferia,<br />
Tu ara erTmaneTisaTvis sakuTari Tavis war–dgena|wardgoma<br />
_aseTia Sexvedris plastikuri komponenti. am dgomisas<br />
102
aluda da mucali ibrZvian da tyviebs da mtrul sityvebs ucvlian<br />
erTmaneTs, zviadauri da joyola ki _ megobruls. orive<br />
SemTxvevaSi dgomis, qcevis, moqmedebis monumenturoba TvalSisacemia.<br />
vaJas poemebis mcirericxovani personJebi ikaveben poemis<br />
mTel warmosaxviT sivrces da uCveulo masStaburobas aRweven<br />
iseve, rogorc aCrdilTa gamosaxulebebი aRematebian sakuTar<br />
realur oreulebs TavianTi zomebiT.<br />
Sinaarsisa da asaxvis planebis struqturuli korelacia<br />
warmoadgens vaJas msoflmxedvelobriv-esTetikuri sistemis<br />
erTianobisa da simyaris gamoxatulebas. dapirispirebulTa ur-<br />
TierTSevsebis es reJimi, romlis reprezentaciasac axdens<br />
vaJas poeturi cnobiereba, `asworebs~ droiT, realobiT, socialuri<br />
urTierTobebiT dazianebul kavSirebs da Tavs avlens<br />
iSviaTad bunebrivi, pirvelqmnili saxiT. amrigad, `Sexvedra~<br />
orive _ Sinaarsisa da asaxvis _ doneze arRvevs yoveldRiuri<br />
arsebobis (=sasaubro enis) avtomatizms da jer erTi, badebs yofiereba-cnobierebis<br />
struqturuli mTlianobis gancdas, meore<br />
_ aTvalsaCinoebs mxatvrul-esTetikur da eTikur ganzomilebaTa<br />
faruli sinTezis gzas.<br />
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1961: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli xuT<br />
tomad. t. II. poemebi. Tb.: 1961.<br />
vasaZe 2010: vasaZe T. literatura WeSmaritebis ZiebaSi. Tb.: 2010.<br />
qarTveli... 2003: qarTveli mwerlebi vaJa- fSavelas Sesaxeb.<br />
Tb.:Tsu gam-ba, 2003.<br />
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tb.: 1989.<br />
WeiSvili 1955: WeiSvili a. narkvevebi, werilebi. Tb.: 1955<br />
Teoria 1990: Теория метафоры. М.:1990.<br />
103
manana kvataia<br />
104<br />
logosis paradigmatika da vaJa-fSavelas fenomeni<br />
vaJa-fSavelas msoflgancdis aspeqtebisa da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
impulsebis kvleva mravalmxriv midgomas iTxovs, radgan is,<br />
`margalitebis mTesveli~ poeti, aRiarebulia axali kosmogoniis<br />
Semqmnelad, qarTuli miTologiis uRrmesi fenebidan rom<br />
iRebs saTaves. Semoqmedis unikaluri niWi Rrma erudicias erwymis:<br />
vaJas gaTavisebuli hqonda rogorc Zvel, ise mis Tanamedrove<br />
moazrovneTa memkvidreoba. `vaJa-fSavelas TaviseburebaTa<br />
Cveneba gulisxmobs mis saxelTan uSualod dakavSirebuli<br />
Temebisa da motivebis gaTvaliswinebas.. aucileblad unda davaxasiaToT<br />
gare da Sina samyarosadmi misi midgomis Tavisebureba,<br />
anu vaJaseburi xilvis arsi; vaJas Seswavla gulisxmobs misi<br />
yofiTi da poeturi arsebobis warmosaxvas da imis cxadyofas,<br />
Tu ranairad gamovlinda vaJa-fSavela, ra Seqmna man, ra poeturi<br />
movlenebi ekuTvnis mas~ (kiknaZe 1966: 1).<br />
huserlis azriT, wminda fenomenis kvleva gulisxmobs sagnis<br />
Tu movlenis raobis ganmsazRvreli universaluri arsebiTobebis<br />
sistemis warmoCenas, rac gansazRvravs am sagnisa da movlenis<br />
raobas (ratiani 2008: 84). fenomenis mopovebis erT-erT<br />
Rirebul gzad mas meTodologiuri eWvi esaxeba, rac miznad<br />
isaxavs ara `yofisa~ da `arsebobis~, aramed Tavad `arsis~ definicias<br />
(fenomenologiuri epoqe). cnobilia huserlis principi:<br />
`davubrundeT sagnebs, rogorc TavisTavadobebs!~ vaJas fenomenis<br />
kvleva mis `arsTan~ miaxlebasac gulisxmobs.<br />
Tamaz Cxenkelis xazgasmiT, vaJa-fSavela yvelaze idumali<br />
da, amave dros, yvelaze TviTmyofadi movlenaa, romelic yovelgvari<br />
skolebisa da mimarTulebebis gareSe dgas (Cxenkeli<br />
2009: 11). misi Semoqmedebis fesvebis wvdoma Cveni erovnuli
identobis saTaveebis wvdomacaa, radgan `qarTuli poeziis wakiTxva<br />
qarTuli sulis wakiTxvas niSnavs~ (j. Rvinjilia).<br />
vaJas kults, ufro zustad, misi msoflgancdisa da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
enigmis kvlevas 1909 wels wakiTxuli leqciiT saTave daudo<br />
grigol robaqiZem, romelmac `urmenSuli gamoxedvis~ poets<br />
`qarTuli geniis natexi~ uwoda, misi fenomeni ki gansazRvra<br />
formuliT: `logosi — ai, saTave vaJa-fSavelas geniisa~.<br />
zemoxsenebul leqciaSi mwerals aRuniSnavs: `Semoqmedi Secnoba<br />
vaJa-fSavelasi miTologiuria uTuod. bunebis movlenam<br />
da mgosanma saidumlo Sexvedris Jams erTimeore icnes. aq aris<br />
saTave panTeizmisa. igi ar aris panTeisti figuralurad. Tavis<br />
panTeistobaSi namdvili mistikosia. buneba misTvis cocxali arsia,<br />
romelic hlamobs Tavis srulobas~ (robaqiZe 2005: 184-185).<br />
am fragmentis komentirebisas i. evgeniZe SeniSnavs, rom<br />
msoflmxedveloba gacnobierebul Sexedulebebs gulisxmobs da<br />
moicavs, mrwamsi ki _ `marTali sarwmunoebaa~ (saba), e.i. risame<br />
rwmenas niSnavs, gr. robaqiZe ki am cnebebs mkacrad ar mijnavs.<br />
xolo is, rom vaJas azrovnebis qvakuTxedi panTeizmia, jer kidev<br />
ilias SeuniSnavs (evgeniZe 2005: 194). sayuradReboa jumber<br />
WumburiZis dakvirveba: vaJas panTeistad `gamocxadebas~ isic<br />
uSlis xels, rom panTeizmSi zneobrivi principebia uaryofili.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas fenomenis Sefasebisas yuradRebas iqcevs<br />
robaqiZis originaluri Teza: `logosia saTave vaJas poeturi<br />
geniisa! logosis gareSe misi poeturi sityva mxolod `Wreli<br />
sityva~ iqneboda. amas naTlad amarTlebs misi poema `gvelis<br />
mWameli~, _ `namdvili sxeuleba qarTvelTa sulieri energiisa,<br />
misi saukeTeso nayofi~. am debulebas avtori amgvarad xsnis:<br />
saswaulebrivad saxecvlili sulTamxilavi mindia msoflio<br />
enas swvdeba, `yoveli arsi misTvis metyvelia namdvili da mis<br />
Semoqmedis warmodgenaSi msoflio iSleba, rogorc cocxali<br />
sxeuli, saca yoveli nawili avsilia Tvisi azriT, saca yovels<br />
monadas aqvs sakuTari ena~ (robaqiZe 2005: 186). Sesabamisad, das-<br />
105
kvna aseTia: mindia Semoqmedi logosis natexi sxeulebaa. igi<br />
zesTaadamiania, magram ara individualisti, nicSeseuli gagebiT,<br />
aramed religiuri universalisti. is erTvis msoflios<br />
suls, msoflios ziarebuli, da grZnobs, grZnoba gamaxvilebuli.<br />
mindia bunebis namdvili geniosia, man Seicno qveyana da Seiyvara<br />
igi. leonardo da vinCis saidumlo TqmiT ki, codna Seiqms<br />
siyvarulsa.<br />
mindias tragediis mizezi isicaa, rom, amave dros, is `ganicdis~,<br />
msoflio ki tragikulia TavisTavad da is, marto kaci, mas<br />
ver ixsnis. mindiam miiRo msoflio da aqve safrTxec gaCnda:<br />
ojaxur garemoSi moqceuli gmiris sulSi saSineli omia viwropiradulsa<br />
da zesTa-piraduls Soris, is nel-nela emorCileba<br />
cxovrebas, qreba siyvaruli da mas cnobis, codnis Zalac waer-<br />
Tva, radgan, pavle mociqulis sityviT, siyvaruli Seiqms codnasa,<br />
e.i. codna da siyvaruli erTi da igivea. robaqiZis daskvniT,<br />
mindias danaSauli ar aris misi piradi danaSauli, masSi mTel<br />
msoflios udevs wili.<br />
akakis dilaze warmoTqmul moxsenebaSi grigol robaqiZes<br />
erTmaneTisaTvis daupirispirebia genia da qaosi, aseve, patara<br />
goneba, romlisaTvis istoriaSi yoveli SemTxveviTi da warmavalia<br />
da didi goneba, romlisaTvis istoriaSi yvelafers Tavisi<br />
azri aqvs: `logosi — geniis saTavea da genia amotexs xolme iqac<br />
ki, saca ferflis meti ara darCenila ra~ (robaqiZe 2005: 194).<br />
qarTuli geniis natexebad Tvlis gr. robaqiZe baraTaSvils,<br />
ilias, yazbegs, vaJa-fSavelas, akakis, romelTa Semoqmedebam,<br />
misi azriT, qaoss sZlia.<br />
osvald Spenglers uTqvams, istoriaSi ar ariso logosi, isaa<br />
`vlena movlenis _ da meti araferi~, rasac grigol robaqiZe ar<br />
iziarebs: `Tu logosi ar aris, maSin ar aris TviTon istoriac.<br />
istoria ar aris ubralo cvla. igi viTarebaa, viTarebaSi ki<br />
aucilebelia sazrisi~ (robaqiZe 1989: 38).<br />
106
amgvari sazrisiT _ logosiT _ xsnis mwerali vaJas araordinarul<br />
fenomenisac. fSaveli geniosis poeziis pirvelsafuZvelad<br />
miTosi iTvleba, miTosi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, kulturis<br />
Sinagani ganaxlebisa da gamZleobis safuZvelicaa. levistrosis<br />
xazgasmiT, miTi yovelTvis dakavSirebulia warsul-<br />
Tan. garkveul momentSi momxdari es ambebi qmnian mudmiv struqturas,<br />
romelic Sesabamisdroulia rogorc warsulisaTvis, ise<br />
awmyosa da momavlisaTvis. amdenad, miTs ormagi struqtura<br />
aqvs: istoriuli da zeistoriuli, anu drouli da zedrouli<br />
(Cxenkeli 2009: 23). miTi Tavisufali gamonagoni ar aris, igi dawuruli<br />
formiT mocemuli msoflios suraTia da es suraTi<br />
adamianebisaTvis gaSinagnebuli samyaros models asaxavs. vfiqrobT,<br />
logosis universaluri konceptic amgvar konteqstSi<br />
unda ganvixiloT.<br />
gansakuTrebiT axloa vaJa mis antikur, kerZod, herakliteseul<br />
gagebasTan, romlis Tanaxmad, kosmiuri logosis WrilSi<br />
samyaro harmoniuli erTianobaa, mis SigniT yvelaferi mdinarebs,<br />
sagnebi da sxva substanciebi erTmaneTSi gadadian, logosi<br />
ki sakuTari Tavis toli (igiveobrivi) rCeba. e.i. dinamiuri samyaro<br />
stabilurobasa da harmonias swored logosSi inarCunebs.<br />
sergi danelias TqmiT, vaJa Slis pirvelyofili azrovnebis<br />
originalur suraTs. am mxriv mas Zveli saberZneTis upirveles<br />
filosofosTa nawerebi Tu Seedreba. `raki mTeli buneba sicocxlisagan<br />
aris Semdgari, cxadia, mas Tan axlavs cvlileba. sicocxle<br />
cvalebadia. myari bunebaSi araferia. yovelive icvleba.<br />
`panta rei~ _ ai, ra SeeZlo eTqva vaJas heraklites msgavsad.<br />
magram msgavseba vaJasa da heraklites Soris kidev ufro Sors<br />
midis. rogorc heraklites, ise vaJasac kargad esmis, rom am<br />
saganTa cvlilebas sababad aqvs brZola movlenaTa urTierTa-<br />
Soris. yvelaferi. Cabmulia am universaluri brZolis ferxulSi~<br />
(danelia 1998:22).<br />
107
heraklites msoflmxedvelobis umTavresi momentebi Semdegia:<br />
samyaro da misi mravalferovneba yovelTvis arsebobda;<br />
samyaro erTia, misi warmoqmnis arsebis safuZvelSi Zevs garkveuli<br />
wesrigi (logosi, cecxli, samarTlianoba da a.S.); erT-erTi<br />
safuZveli dapirispirebaa, mudmivi brZola erTmaneTTan, magram<br />
mainc erTianoba; es winaaRmdegobani erTmaneTSi gadadian,<br />
moZraoben, iseve, rogorc moZraobs samyaro.<br />
brokhauz-efronis enciklopediuri leqsikoni saSualebas<br />
gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT logosis cnebis transformacias<br />
sxavadasxva epoqaSi (brokhauz-efroni 1908: 900-992). am Zvelber-<br />
Znul sityvas enis, metyvelebis, filosofiaSi ki Tadapirvelad<br />
msjelobis, gansjis gageba hqonda. am cnebis damkvidrebas heraklite<br />
efesels miaweren.<br />
misi moZRvrebiT, mTeli buneba mowyobilia `WeSmariti msjelobis~<br />
Tanaxmad, logosi ki samyaros gonieri safuZvelia. eleelebs<br />
sinamdvile tyuilad miuCneviaT. maT sapirispirod, heraklitem<br />
sinamdvile miiRo ara rogorc absoluturi tyuili,<br />
aramed rogorc didi gamocana, romelsac Tavisi gonieri gadawyveta,<br />
Tavisi sityva aqvs. masTan WeSmariteba TviT sicocxlea,<br />
romelic marad moZraobs, ibadeba, yalibdeba. marad mimdinare<br />
cxovreba heraklitesaTvis yovelive arsebulis umaRlesi kanonia.<br />
RmerTi (absoluturi) Tavad gadadis dapirispirebulidan<br />
dapirispirebulSi. brZola, iseve rogorc harmonia, Sinaganad<br />
axasiaTebs RmerTs, saganTa sawyiss, amitom is maTSi cxaddeba.<br />
yovelive aris da arc aris. yvela sagani icvleba, xiluli yofierebis<br />
yoveli momenti ukve Cavlili momentia. yvelaferi<br />
moZraobs, Cveni grZnobebic, aRqmani. moZraobs, icvleba Cveni<br />
cnobiereba, Cveni sxeulni. garduvali cvlilebebis siswrafe<br />
xan agrovebs, xan ganfantavs nivTierebas, erTsa da imave dros<br />
yvelaferi iqmneba da ingreva, modis da midis. erTis sikvdili<br />
meoris dabadebaa. brZolis gareSe araa dapirispireba, dapirispirebis<br />
gareSe _ harmonia.<br />
108
xilul dapirispirebaSi, bunebis uazrobaSi, stiqiis, xalxTa,<br />
adamianuri vnebebis brZolaSi imaleba umaRlesi, zeadamianuri<br />
goniereba, aRmatebuli yovel adamianur cnebas. samyaros gamocanas<br />
aqvs Tavisi sityva, romlis mixedviTac yovelive iqmneba,<br />
miT moZraobs, radgan is yvelafers asxvavebs da yvelafers<br />
aTanxmebs. unda viswavloT bunebisagan: gaviazroT idumali Tanxmoba<br />
xilul uTanxmoebaSi, dafaruli harmonia. Cven bunebaSi<br />
unda veZeboT misi kanoni, misi logosi. heraklitesTan pirvelad<br />
vxvdebiT msoflio logosis anu sityvis gagebas, romelic<br />
Tavis TavSi moicavs pirvel mizezs da gonier safuZvels. logosi<br />
heraklitesTan aRniSnavs msoflios kanons, saganTa safuZvels,<br />
romelic xsnis gamocanas, anu isaa azri, sazrisi samyarosi.<br />
esaa gonebac, simarTlec, amave dros, aucilebeli, sabediswero<br />
kanoni gansazRvravs samyaros moZraobas; igi yovlisSem-<br />
Zlea da yvelafers marTavs. is erTsa da imave dros ganxeTqileba<br />
da mSvidobaa, xolo samyaro umaRlesi simarTlea, romelic<br />
yvela sagans awesrigebs. yoveli gadaxra, yoveli ukanonoba<br />
mis mier isjeba. es is kanoni an wyobaa, aravis mier Seqmnili, romelic<br />
aris da iqneba yovelTvis da ganapirobebs samyaros cxovrebas<br />
mis mdinarebaSi. am cecxlovan logoss veravin daemaleba.<br />
amgvarad, heraklites logosi, rogorc msoflio wesrigi<br />
(kosmosi) mefobs samyaroSi da gansxeuldeba masSi, is, bunebrivia,<br />
TviT samyaros bunebasTan, mis stiqiasTan _ `marad cocxal<br />
alTan~ igivdeba.<br />
azrovnebis, msoflmxedvelobis ganviTarebasTan erTad logosis<br />
cneba sul ufro da ufro ganyenebuli xdeboda.<br />
sofistebi uaryofdnen yovelgvar obieqtur WeSmaritebas,<br />
rogorc Teoriulad, ise praqtikulad. sofistikis daZleva<br />
logikiT SeiZleboda.<br />
sokrate miuTiTebda, rom norma an sawyisi Tavad logikuri<br />
azri, Tavad cnebaa. aq man dainaxa obieqturi codnis wyaro da<br />
kriteriumebi. sokrates Semdeg logosma umetesad cnebis mniS-<br />
109
vneloba miiRo da misi mimdevari mTeli antikuri idealizmi<br />
xasiaTdeba, rogorc cnebis filosofia.<br />
arsebuli ideaa, e.i. Secnobis obieqti _ amgvaria platonis<br />
swavleba _ samyaro grZnobieri movlenaa, ideis anarekli. Tavad<br />
azrs arafris Secnoba ar ZaluZs, azris garda. yovelive arsebuli,<br />
ramdenadac is Cven mier Seimecneba, ganisazRvreba, rogorc<br />
obieqturi azri an idea. is, rac gansxvavdeba azris an ideisagan,<br />
sruliad Seumecnebeli da ganusazRvreli materiaa.<br />
aristotelem gardaqmna es swavleba: misTvis, platonis<br />
msgavsad, cneba an logosi, romliTac ganisazRvreba esa Tu is<br />
sagani, aris WeSmariti arsi am sagnisa, misi obieqturi forma _<br />
morfe, magram namdvil arss ar ZaluZs mis gareSe yofna, risi arsicaa.<br />
logosi ara mxolod formaa, garegnulad rom ganapirobebs<br />
sagnebs, aramed maTi Semqmneli mizezi da, amasTan, saboloo<br />
mizania, Sinaganad rom gansazRvravs saganTa geneziss, maT<br />
evoluciasa da agebulebas.<br />
amgvarad, aristoteles mTeli samyaro warmoudgeba kanonzomierad<br />
erTianad, romelic SemoqmedebiTi azriTaa gamsWvaluli.<br />
logosiT, cnebiT ganisazRvreba yvelaferi is, rac Semecnebadia<br />
sinamdvileSi _ misi forma, misi Semqmneli mizezi,<br />
saboloo mizani. am SemoqmedebiTi Zalis miRma rCeba oden absoluturad<br />
ganusazRvreli sawyisi, romelic TiTqos Secnobadi<br />
sinamdvilis miRmaa _ es materiaa, ganyenebuli yovelgvari<br />
azrismieri formisagan. dualizmi misi filosofiisa, damokidebuleba<br />
materialur da idealur sawyiss Soris, mimarTeba logossa<br />
da konkretul grZnobier sagnebs Soris sabolood ver<br />
ixsneba.<br />
stoelebma Taviseburad gadaWres es winaaRmdegoba da orive<br />
sawyisis erTianoba aRiares: idealuri sawyisi, formis ganmsaz-<br />
Rvreli, an cneba nivTTa, maTi genezisi da saboloo mizani, da,<br />
aseve TviT materialuri sawyisi. stoelebi erTi nabijiT win<br />
wavidnen: logosi rom yofiliyo saganTa arsis gamomxatveli,<br />
110
mas unda moecva Tavis TavSi materiac. amgvarad, logosi stoelTa<br />
filosofiaSi yvelaferia: RvTaeba, buneba, goneba, samyaros<br />
stiqia. grZnobasa da gonebas erTi saerTo wyaro aqvs, suli<br />
fizikuri, sxeulebrivi energiaa, materialuro buneba ki _ cocxali,<br />
gansulierebuli stiqia. rogorc aristotelesTan, buneba<br />
warmodgenilia kibis formiT, magram yvela es forma, metad<br />
Tu naklebad, uxeSi an nazi sxeuliTaa Semosili: yoveli logosi,<br />
ganxorcielebuli materiis umdables formebSi, cocxali da,<br />
amave dros, materialuri Teslia. bunebis kanonebi gonieri<br />
RvTaebrivi kanonebia, WeSmariti aucilebloba providencialuria.<br />
swavleba logosze aq pirvelad iZens religiur elfers,<br />
xdeba zneobriv-saRvTismetyvelo moZRvreba sazrisze, romlis<br />
aRiarebiT filosofosi uzavdeba sicocxlesa da bedisweras.<br />
stoelTa materialisturma panlogizmma ufro gaarTula<br />
antikuri `cnebis filosofia~. is gaakritikes epikureelebma da<br />
skeptikosebma, romelTac Ziri gamouTxares stoikuri panTeizmis<br />
safuZvlebs. RmerTi, romelic materialuri samyaros igiveobrivia,<br />
RmerTi ar aris. logosi, gaigivebuli aracnobier materiasTan,<br />
araa logosi. sinamdvile, rogorc is arsebobs, ara<br />
igiveobrivi Cvens cnebebTan. WeSmariti codnis kriteriumi arc<br />
grZnobebia da arc msjeloba. aqedan erTi nabiji iyo rwmenis<br />
filosofiamde.<br />
es religiuri filosofia ZiriTadad aleqsandriaSi ganvi-<br />
Tarda, sadac dasavluri religiuri swavleba aRmosavleTis religiur<br />
ideebs Sexvda. rwmenis filosofia WeSmarit gnoziss<br />
gamocxadebaSi xedavda. filon aleqsandrielma berZnuli msoflmxedvelobis<br />
postulatebi moses kanonebTan da Zveli aRTqmis<br />
gamocxadebasTan gaaerTiana da logosis cneba dauqvemdebara<br />
erTian, zegonier RmerTs, oden eqstazis gziT rom Seicnoba.<br />
logosi filonTan aris: 1. Tavad RmerTis Zala da goneba, misi<br />
uSualo emanacia; 2. samyaros idea; 3. SemoqmedebiTi pirvel-<br />
111
saxeebis erToblioba; 3. SemoqmedebiTi energia, romelic qmnis<br />
da ansulierebs samyaros stoelTa logosis msgavsad.<br />
samyaro qristecentrulia, Tvlian qristianebi, vinaidan sityva<br />
(logosi, qriste) RmerTia. iudaizmi da qristianoba biblias<br />
`RvTis sityvad~, `wminda werilad~ Tvlian. islamis Tanaxmad,<br />
yuranic RmerTis sityvaa, muhamedis mier gacxadebuli, asevea<br />
Tora da fsalmunTa wignic.<br />
stoelTaTvis samyaro cocxali organizmia, romelsac mar-<br />
Tavs imanenturi RvTaebrivi kanoni _ logosi. adamianuri bediswera<br />
am logosis proeqciaa, amitom beds ar unda edavo. stoelTa<br />
Teologiis centrSi logosia, is ganuyoflad ukavSirdeba<br />
materias, gamsWvalavs, formas aZlevs mas da amiT qmnis kosmoss.<br />
yvelgan gaazrebuli wesrigia, RvTaebrivi nebis realizacia.<br />
maT didi gavlena moaxdines neoplatonizmze. neoplatonikosebi,<br />
romelTac stoicizmis Teoria ganaviTares, logoss aRweren,<br />
rogorc emanacias gonebiT misawvdomi samyarosas, romelic<br />
qmnis grZnobier samyaros. msoflio pirvelsawyisi igiveobrivia<br />
adamianis Sinagan me-sTan.<br />
logosis koncepti daos msgavsicaa. dao _ buneba, obieqturi<br />
samyaro, gza, aseve, saganTa da movlenaTa arsia. dao isaa, rac<br />
sagnebs amoZravebs, misi gza gamoucnobia.<br />
vaJa-fSavela kargad icnobda sxvadasxva epoqis cnobil filosofosTa<br />
memkvidreobas. amas memuaruli literaturac mowmobs.<br />
al. salariZis cnobiT, vaJam Seiswavla heraklite, sokrate,<br />
platoni, epikure, bekoni, kanti da sxv. akaki papava mis nic-<br />
SesTan mimarTebazec werda. Tavad grigol robaqiZe, romelic<br />
1908 wels valerian guniasTan, Jurnal `niSaduris~ redaqciaSi,<br />
Sexvedria poets, aRiarebs mis filosofiur ganswavlulobas.<br />
meoce saukunis literaturaTmcodneebi vaJa-fSavelas<br />
msoflgancdis WeSmariti arsis warmoCenas koniunqturis gamo<br />
xSirad gverds uvlidnen, zogjer cnebaTa da terminTa aRrevac<br />
xdeboda. ramdenime cnobili mkvlevari gvsurs gavixsenoT.<br />
112
dimitri benaSvili wers: `bunebis kanonebze dayrdnobam vaJa,<br />
winaaRmdeg mindiasi, miiyvana daskvnamde, rom bunebis ganusaz-<br />
Rvrel samefoSi da adamianTa cxovrebaSi moqmedebs erTi kanoni,<br />
romelsac materiis moZraobis didi kanoni ewodeba. Cveni<br />
cxovreba sruli gamoxatulebaa bunebisa. yvelaferi, rac xdeba<br />
— mudmivi ngreva da mudmivi Seneba _ aris Tanamgzavri materiis<br />
mudmivi moZraobis kanonisa~ (benaSvili 1961: 489). amasTan,<br />
mkvlevari iZulebulia, vaJa-fSavelas aTeistoba amtkicos.<br />
SesaniSnavi naSromia sergi danelias `vaJa-fSavela da qar-<br />
Tveli eri~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `vaJa bunebaSi sicocxlis gamovlinebas<br />
xedavs. yvelaferi, rac aris, sicocxlisagan aris Semdgari.<br />
absoluturi realoba mxolod sicocxles ekuTvnis. sikvdili<br />
mxolod saxis gamocvlaa, yoveli sagani cocxalia. mTac<br />
ki. fesvebic ki. cocxalia cxovelebi, dedamiwac cocxalia, mas<br />
hyavs Svilebi, emusaifeba kidec, mze, mTvare, varskvlavebi cocxlebi<br />
arian. erTi sityviT, mTeli samyaro cocxalia, is mTlad<br />
sicocxlisagan aris moqsovili. sikvdili moCvenebiTia~ (danelia<br />
1998: 20) amave dros, gamoCenili filosofosi did adgils<br />
uTmobs vaJa-fSavelas warmarTobis mtkicebas.<br />
leila TeTruaSvili erTmaneTs adarebs vaJa-fSavelasa da<br />
goeTes ideur-msoflmxedvelobiT mimarTebas da SeniSnavs, rom<br />
orive Semoqmedis poeturi samyarodan uzarmazari sasicocxlo<br />
energia iRvreba. am vitalur potencias gamoxatavs gasaocari<br />
poeturi xilvebi, romlebic mikrokosmosis `sulis~ uRrmes<br />
Sreebs gvaziarebs. `orive SemoqmedisaTvis samyaro aRqmulia<br />
erTian, cocxal, `damoukidebeli Rirebulebis mqone~ demiurgis<br />
sworfer fenomenad, rogorc `ramed~, iseve `vinmed~. orive<br />
geniosisaTvis samyaroSi moqmedebs da mis `momwesrigeblad~<br />
vlindeba maradiuli ngreva-Seneba, `TeTri da Savi saqme, `dapirispreba<br />
da zeaRsvla~. rac safuZvlad edeba kosmiuri `mTelis~<br />
ukvdavebas, mis Tavbrudamxvev feradovnebasa da cxovelmyofel<br />
siWreles~ (TeTruaSvili 1982: 4).<br />
113
114<br />
vfiqrobT, dasaxelebul naSromebSi mkafiod ikveTeba logosis<br />
konceptis maxasiaTeblebi, Tumca maTSi is pirdapir araa naxsenebi.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas msoflmxedvelobasa da mxatvrul meTodze<br />
arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas Tamar SarabiZe mwerlis mier bunebis<br />
Tavisebur gancdasa da am gancdis sityvier gamoxatvas<br />
ukavSirebs. agreTve, imas, rom `mwerlis mier SemoqmedebiTad<br />
gardaqmnil-gadamuSavebuli miTologiur folkloruli masala<br />
da mwerlis ideur-esTetikuri samyaro ar iqna erTmaneTisagan<br />
gansxvavebuli~ (SarabiZe 2005: 7). gr. kiknaZe ki Tvlis, rom kritikosTa<br />
Secdomis saTave vaJas metyvelebis formisa da Tvalsazrisis<br />
gaigivebaSi mdgomareobda.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas msoflgancdis WeSmarit fesvebTan miaxlebis<br />
dasturia T. SarabiZis wigni `qristianuli motivebi vaJa-fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebaSi~, sadac marTebuli daskvnaa: `folklori da<br />
miTosi masalaa vaJas mxatvruli azrovnebisaTvis, xolo qristianoba<br />
misi msoflmxedvelobaa~ (SarabiZe 2005: 92).<br />
logosis koncepti erT-erTi centraluria qristianobisaTvis.<br />
amas ioanes saxarebis dasawyisic mowmobs. Cveni dakvirvebiT,<br />
vaJa-fSavela axloa logosis rogorc antikur, ise qristianul<br />
gagebasTan. vaJas mravalwaxnagovani da urTulesi msoflaRqmis<br />
erT-erTi gasaRebi am konceptis gaazrebacaa, rogorc amaze jer<br />
kidev 1909 wels grigol robaqiZem miuTiTa.
damowmebani:<br />
benaSvili 1961: benaSvili d. vaJa-fSavela — Semoqmedi da moazrovne.<br />
Tb. `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1961.<br />
brokhauz-efroni 1908: brokhauz-efroni. enciklopediuri leqsikoni.<br />
t. 17, moskovi-peterburgi: 1908. rusul enaze.<br />
danelia 1998: danelia s. vaJa-fSavela da qarTveli eri. Tb.:<br />
`qronografi~, 1998.<br />
evgeniZe 2009: evgeniZe i. narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan.<br />
w. 3. Tb.: 2009.<br />
kiknaZe 1966: kiknaZe gr. vaJas fenomeni. _ vaJa-fSavelasadmi miZRvnili<br />
saiubileo krebuli. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2009.<br />
TeTruaSvili 1982: TeTruaSvili l. vaJa-fSavelasa da goeTes ideurmsoflmxedvelobrivi<br />
urTierTobisaTvis. Tb.: mecniereba~, 1982.<br />
ratiani 2085: ratiani i. fenomenologiuri kritika. _ literaturis<br />
Teoria. Tb.: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2008.<br />
robaqiZe 1989: robaqiZe gr. osvald Spengler (publikacia moamzada a.<br />
CxikviSvilma). _ J. `sabWoTa xelovneba~, № 1, 1989.<br />
robaqiZe 2005: robaqiZe gr. vaJa-fSavela. _ qarTveli mwerlebi vaJafSavelas<br />
Sesaxeb (Semdgenlebi: i. evgeniZe da l. minaSvili). Tb.: 2005.<br />
SarabiZe 2005: SarabiZe T. qristianuli motivebi vaJa-fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebaSi. Tb.: 2005.<br />
Cxenkeli 2009: Cxenkeli T. tragikuli niRbebi. Tb.: memkvidreoba~, 2009.<br />
115
nona kupreiSvili<br />
116<br />
vaJas `suleTi~, rogorc cirkularuli<br />
drois toposi<br />
cnobilia, rom klasikosi metaforaa, romelic sxvadasxva saukuneSi<br />
sxvadasxvanairad vlindeba. vaJas poetur memkvidreobasTan<br />
mimarTebiT Cven lamis iyo davarRvieT es kanonzomiereba.<br />
mizezebze me-20 saukunis ociani wlebis TbilisSi stumrad<br />
myofma da maSindeli Cveni kulturuli orientaciisadmi<br />
arc Tu ise keTilganwyobilma osip mandelStamma ase migvaniSna:<br />
`(vaJa) sityvis namdvili qariSxalia, romelmac xeebi fesvebianad<br />
amoTxara da ise gadauara mTel saqarTvelos.. swored<br />
stiqiasaviT gadaitana igi axalgazrda qarTulma poeziam da<br />
axla arc icis, ra uyos mis danatovars~ (mandelStami 1922: 59).<br />
am sityvebis avtors mxedvelobidan TiTqos mcire detali gamorCa<br />
_ vaJas fenomeni mis gulisyuramde swored axalgazrda<br />
qarTuli poeziis warmomadgenlebma miitanes, romelTa Soris<br />
upirvelesi, cxadia, gr. robaqiZe iyo. 1908 wels `niSaduris~ redaqciaSi<br />
xanmokle Sexvedrisas robaqiZe vaJas `urmenSur~<br />
(urmenS _ germ. pirvandeli) gamoxedvasa da filosofiis, ker-<br />
Zod, hegelis `logikis~ problematuri sakiTxebisadmi, interess<br />
aRmoaCens. xuTi aTeuli wlis Semdeg simon Ciqovani, romelic<br />
gr. robaqiZisagan gansxvavebiT, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs,<br />
`qarTul mwerlobaSi sruliad sxva karidan Semovida~, yurad-<br />
Rebas kvlav vaJas azrovnebis masStaburobaze gaamaxvilebs da<br />
mas, rusTavelisa da baraTaSvilis msgavsad, `filosofiuri<br />
midrekilebis mwerals~ uwodebs (Ciqovani 1963: 275).<br />
vaJas samyarosadmi damokidebuleba, samyaros struqturis<br />
miseuli xedva, marTlac, seriozuli kvlevis sagania da igi kulturis<br />
mraval fenomenTa (enis, istoriuli warsulis, zne-Cve-
ulebebis, miTologiuri warmodgenebisa Tu Tqmulebebis)<br />
Rrmad originalur gadaazrebas efuZneba. gansakuTrebulad<br />
Rirebuli ki isaa, rom `vaJas poeturi kosmogoniiis rTuli da<br />
logikuri sistema~ evropuli dekadansis konteqstSi iqmneboda<br />
da geniosisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli SeRwevadobiT amkvidrebda<br />
`WeSmaritebis, mSvenierebis, socialuri harmoniis, siyvarulis,<br />
sikeTis, bednierebisa da Tavisuflebis~ rwmenas. swored amitom<br />
`fausturi paradigmebis~ avtori, mixeil kveselava, vaJas humanisturi,<br />
fausturi ideebis reintegrators uwodebs (kveselava<br />
1961: 96). vaJas mier samyaros Secnoba bunebasTan kontaqtiT iwyeba.<br />
bunebis unikaluri wignis kiTxva iqceva im umniSvnelovanes<br />
procesad, romlis drosac bunebisave mTlianobis Secnoba, misi<br />
RvTaebasTan SeTanadeba da didi `TvaldamSeulobiT~ miRweuli<br />
ganWvretis safuZvelze samyarosTan damokidebulebis vaJaseuli<br />
koncefcia yalibdeba: `buneba mbrZanebelia, igiv monaa Tavisa~.<br />
es garemos, igive `yovladobis~, ara mxolod esTetikuri,<br />
aramed msoflmxedvelobrivi aRqmis Sedegad SeZenili codnaa,<br />
romelic samyaros mTlianobis im RvTaebrivi sibrZnidan iRebs<br />
saTaves (`...dideba qveynis Semoqmeds, ra kargad dauweria...~),<br />
romlis mixedviT yovelive maradiuli ganaxlebis, maradiuli<br />
wrebrunvis, imave kosmiuri mTlianobis principiTaa amoqmedebuli<br />
(goeTes msgavsado, migviTiTebs `fausturi paradigmebis~<br />
avtori, `yovelgvari arseboba mTlianobis farglebSi moqmedebs.<br />
mTlianoba ki sxva araferia, Tu ara TviTon buneba, rogorc<br />
absoluturoba, romlis gareSe araviTari arseboba ar SeiZleba<br />
iyos~ _ kveselava 1961: 101). am principis qvakuTxedi borotisa<br />
da keTilis, rogorc dapirispirebul ZalTa dialeqtikuri<br />
erTianobis, maT Soris gamarTuli maradiuli brZolis<br />
aucileblobaa: `mtvirTveli ari saqmis TeTris da Savisa, saca<br />
pirimzes axarebs, iqve mTxrelia zvavisa~. g. qiqoZec swored am<br />
erTianobaze migvaniSnebs, rodesac wers: ...es brZola sikeTesa<br />
da borotebas Soris kosmosuri xasiaTisaao. k. gamsaxurdias mi-<br />
117
er Tavis droze deklarirebuli im dakvirvebis kvaldakval,<br />
romlis mixedviTac `vaJa Tavisi msoflio gagebiT goeTes msoflmxedvelobas<br />
uaxlovdeba~ (gamsaxurdia, 1959: 173), germanist<br />
l. TeTruaSvilis monografiaSic (TeTruaSvili 1982: 6) vpoulobT,<br />
imave goeTesa da vaJas ideur-msoflmxedvelobriv dam-<br />
TxvevaTa safuZvelze, bunebis orsaxovnebis moCvenebiTi xasiaTis<br />
damadasturebel argumentebs: erTi mxrivaa, goeTes `Taurfenomenisa~<br />
da `erTia yovelis~ (germ.Einheit des Alles; hen kai<br />
pan) rwmena; meore mxriv, vaJas mier uwyvet, mudmivmoqmed kanonzomierebebs,<br />
maradiul wrebrunvas damorCilebuli bunebis<br />
cikluri monacvleoba, romelic, rogorc s. danelia ityoda,<br />
`vaimareli brZenis msgavsad Carglel geniosSic~ (danelia 2008:<br />
25). ∗ `bunebis keTil da borot saqmeebTan Tanabari damokidebulebis<br />
unars~ avlens. es unari ki `imave bunebis maorganizebeli<br />
da ganmsazRvreli ZaliTaa ganpirobebuli. goeTesTanac bunebisa<br />
da RvTaebis damTxveva maTi identobis SemoqmedebiTi transformaciiT<br />
miiRweva..., anu ikveTeba, rom RmerTi samyaros garsia,<br />
CarCoa, romlis `Sinaarsobrivi faqtori bunebaa~. am ukanasknelis<br />
proporciulobis, balansirebis diad niWs, vaJas azriT,<br />
adamianma, Sesabamisad ki sazogadoebamac, unda mibaZos (TeTruaSvili<br />
1982: 46). sagulisxmoa, rom g. asaTiani baraTaSvilis<br />
`sulis amboxis~ ideis analizisas, miuTiTebda, rom Tu `meranis~<br />
avtori xsnas bedis samZRvris gadalaxvaSi, e. i. trascendentur<br />
samyaroSi xedavs, vaJa misgan gansxvavebiT, harmoniis miRwevis<br />
SesaZleblobad bunebis obieqtur kanonzomierebaTa aqtiur<br />
Secnobasa da misi wesrigisadmi erTgulebas miiCnevs. igive damokidebuleba<br />
mJRavndeba xelovnebisadmi, romlis umaRles<br />
∗ s. danelia iqve SeniSnavs: `goeTe vaimarSi cxovrobda da aRmosavleTis<br />
qveynebSi is mxolod ocnebiT mogzaurobda, vaJam ki Tavisi sicocxle aRmosavleTis<br />
karebTan gaatara. goeTe germaniis geniosia, vaJa saqarTvelos geniosia.<br />
oRond Cven umniSvnelo xalxi varT jer da Cvens genioss msoflio ar<br />
icnobs~.<br />
118
amocanad aRiarebulia zomierebis gancda, is, rom mxatvarma<br />
`bunebis kanons ar umtyunos~, `wres ar gadavides~ (asaTiani<br />
1982: 118). Tavis mxriv, aqedan (urTierTmbrZaneblobis, urTierTmonobis<br />
principidan) iRebs saTaves bunebis mibaZviT `adamianis<br />
mier sakuTari Tavis damdablebiT miRweuli simaRle~, vaJaseuli<br />
adamianurobis koncepti, romelic mis msoflmxedvelobriv<br />
arCevans gamoxatavs da romelic sagangebod gaanaliza m.<br />
kvaWantiraZem werilSi `adamianis koncepti vaJa-fSavelasa da<br />
rediard kiplingis poetur SemoqmedebaSi~ (kvaWantiraZe 2011)<br />
erT-erTma saukeTeso vaJalogma Tamaz Cxenkelma vaJas filosofiuri<br />
TvalTaxedvis Tanmimdevroba, siRrme da originaloba,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, mis mier miTologiuri da fSav-xevsuruli<br />
folkloruli masalis aTvisebis xarisxs daukavSira.<br />
bunebrivia, keTilisa da borotis ambivalenturoba, maT Soris<br />
brZolis TavisTavad universaluri kanoni saTanadod mTis xalxis<br />
warmodgenebSic aisaxa. vaJam am warmodgenebis filosofiuri<br />
da mxatvrul-esTetikuri gaazreba moaxdina, anu, Tu isev<br />
T. Cxenkels davesesxebiT, aRniSnuli masala ,,gamoiyena” imitom,<br />
rom misi `daZleva~ SeZlo (Cxenkeli 1989: 221) anu, rogorc a.<br />
gawerelia aRniSnavda, `folkloruli masala inertuli mdgomareobidan<br />
gamoiyvanao~ (gawerelia 1965: 172). naklebad cnobil<br />
poemaSi `kopala~ (da, cxadia, sxvaganac) T. Cxenkelma miTologiuri<br />
warmodgenebiT nasazrdoebi samganzomilebiani samyaros<br />
suraTi dainaxa, zesknelis, qveynisa da qvesknelis saxiT, Tanac<br />
ise, rom maTi simbolur-metaforuli Sesatyvisebic warmogvidgina;<br />
`poemaSi ganxmuli sami skneli _ zeca, qveyana da qveskneli<br />
_ kacobriuli cxovrebis sam elements _ RmerTs, adamiansa da<br />
diabolur Zalebs gulisxmobs~. amgvari sivrcobrivi dasaz-<br />
Rvris TviT principSi proecirdeba vaJaseuli samyaros harmoniulobis,<br />
amasTan ki socialuri harmoniis sistema, romlis mixedviT,<br />
adamiani-kacobrioba, erTi mxriv, RmerTi-RvTisSvilebis,<br />
igive RvTaebrivi Zalebis, xolo, meore mxriv, eSmauri ele-<br />
119
mentebis anu devuri Zalebis maradiuli dapirispirebiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
adamianma, romelic erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi rgolia<br />
am uwyvet jaWvSi, dedamiwaze `RvTaebrivi baZvis~ ganmaxorcieleblis,<br />
misi erTgvari moderatoris roli unda Seasrulos,<br />
risTvisac gageba-ganWvretasTan erTad diadi moTminebiTac<br />
(swored amgvar moTminebas da ara morCilebas, miT ufro gulgrilobas<br />
an ganurCevlobas swavlobs vaJa mTebisgan) unda aRi-<br />
Wurvos. saboloo da sanukvari mizani ki xom swored kacobriobis<br />
mtrebis, devebis, swrafvis sawinaaRmdegod, RvTisSvilTa<br />
moZmeoba, fSauri `didebis~ Tanaxmad ki, maTi `mode-moZmeoba da<br />
stumar-maspinZlobaa~ (Cxenkeli 1969: 77). gavixsenoT, joyola<br />
da zviadauri am principiT ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da maTi<br />
erTianobis xelyofa avtoris mier destruqciulobis saSiS<br />
gamovlinebad, uzenaesi wesrigis xelyofad aRiqmeba.<br />
sruliad aSkaraa, rom vaJas gansakuTrebuli `vizionebi da<br />
infernaluri xilvebi~, romelTa gamoc g. qiqoZe mis realistobas<br />
seriozuli eWvis qveS ayenebda (`mas ar SeeZlo dawvrilebiT<br />
raime movlenis aRwera, an yovelmxriv raime sagnis daxatva, imitom<br />
rom cxoveli da TavSeukavebeli fantazia stanjavda~ _<br />
qiqoZe 1928: 10), mkvlevarTagan axali mignebebis, axali azrobrivi<br />
Sreeebis gaxsnas iTxovda da iTxovs. am mxriv qarTul literaturismcodneobaSi<br />
araerTi mniSvnelovani mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli<br />
(gr. robaqiZe, t. tabiZe, g. qiqoZe, m. kveselava, s. Ciqovani,<br />
a. gawerelia, r. TvaraZe, g. asaTiani, gr. kiknaZe da sxv), romelTa<br />
didi nawili `SaveT-suleTis~ poetikur axsnasac eZRvneba. sruliad<br />
logikurad am uCveulo da absoluturad zedrouli sivrcis<br />
arseboba vaJaseuli empiriuli da metafizikuri gamocdilebis<br />
sinTezirebis Sedegadaa miCneuli. swored `SaveTis~ aqcentirebiT<br />
(s. makalaTia, rogorc viciT, ase ganmartavs am cnebas:<br />
`fSavelebis warmodgeniT saiqio qveynis SuagulSia da mas<br />
`SaveTs~ eZaxian. Suaze xevi Camoudis Turme da Sig cecxlmodebuli<br />
kupris mdinare modis. mdinareze bewvis xidia gadebuli da<br />
120
xidze marTali uvneblad gadis, codvili ki vardeba da kuprSi<br />
iwvis. saiqioSi kacis madli ar ikargeba da iq yvelaferi zomiTa<br />
da woniT aris~ _ makalaTia 1934: 157) warmodgenebi bunebis, miwisa<br />
da ca-myaris Sesaxeb vaJas mier imdenadaa gafarToebuli da<br />
reorganizebuli (amasTan ki materializebulic, rasac mandel-<br />
Stami `gansacvifrebel sagnobriobas~ uwodebda) , rom mTel rig<br />
leqs-simRerebsa da poemebSi gamokveTili mxatvruli amocanis<br />
gadawyvetis universalur saSualebad aRiqmeba. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi<br />
mxolod sakiTxis am mxaris aqcentireba bolomde zusti<br />
ar iqneboda, radgan `suleTi~ ara sagangebo viTarebisTvis Sesaferis<br />
maradiul, amqveyniuri vnebebisgan daclil, `Cvengan~ samudamod<br />
gamijnul sulTa sadgurad, aramed fSaveli kacis egzistencialuri<br />
arsis erT-erT umTavres, metic, organul komponentad,<br />
misi `myofobis~ ucilobel elementadaa aRqmuli. amitomac<br />
ase gamoeTqmis vaJas Tavisi gulwrfeli daficeba dedis<br />
winaSe: `...Tu giRalato, dedao, / nu davimarxo mTaSia, / nu dasdvan<br />
vaJis fSavlisa / xmali satirlis TavSia. / nu damitiros<br />
qal-rZalma / sakacezeda karSia; S a v e T S i g a m g z a v r e -<br />
bulsa cxeni wameqces gzaSia...~ ra Tqma unda, aq<br />
saxezea ara marto xalxuri warmodgenebiT, aramed qristianobis<br />
gavleniT kavkasielTa cnobierebaSi damkvidrebul Sexeduleba-<br />
Ta gamoZaxili samoTxisa da jojoxeTis Sesaxeb, romelsac aZlierebs<br />
saswaulmoqmedi cxovelebis (vTqvaT, cxenis), sxvagan ki<br />
arwivis, ucxo frinvelis (igi vaJas ganmartebiT arc arwivs<br />
hgavs da arc qors, ix. `mofrinda ucxo frinveli~) an samyaros<br />
xis STambeWdavi saxeebi. es TavisTavad. Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovania<br />
TviT `samzeodan uCinSi da uCinidan samzeoSi~ vaJas<br />
magiuri cnobierebiT ganpirobebuli gadaadgilebis fantastikuri<br />
unari. am gadaadgilebis saukeTeso saSualebad ki sizmar-<br />
Tan erTad (`sizmari sasowarkveTilisa~, aludas sizmari) xilvazmaneba<br />
moCans (`dausrulebeli kvnesa~, `Zvalebi~, `zmaneba~). is,<br />
rom am ganzomilebaSi dro Segnebulad aRreulia (a. gawerelia,<br />
121
T. Cxenkeli), gamowveulia ara marto droTa kavSiris, warsulis,<br />
awmyosa da momavlis erTianobis, maTi urTierTganpirobebulobis<br />
SegrZnebiT, aramed im realobisadmi kritikuli damokidebulebiTac,<br />
romelSic vaJas uxdeboda cxovreba: `...gulze mWirs<br />
sami iara: / warsulze fiqri mawuxebs, / awmyoSi ara yria — ra / da<br />
momavalis fiqrebic / aravin gamimziana!~ an kidev: `ara Tqven sadiaceno,<br />
ro ZroxebiviT sZRebiTa~ da sxv.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare vaJas saiqio _ SaveTi _ suleTi ara materiaSi<br />
danTqmis, masSi ganzavebis, gaqrobis (es maradiuli wrebrunvis,<br />
maradiuli ganaxlebis principis darRvevac iqneboda),<br />
aramed mxolod feriscvalebisa (Sdr. qarT. `gardacvaleba~) da,<br />
rac mTavaria, Cadenili codva-madlis miukerZoebeli `awonvis~<br />
adgilicaa: `...vai, rom saiqiosac /gineba damixvdebao! / aq Cemi<br />
uqmad cxovreba / iq Tvalwin damidgebao...~ sulis ukvdavebis<br />
ideaze dayrdnobiT vaJas mtkiced sjera, rom Rvawlmosili,<br />
`pirofliani~ gmirebi (romelTac igi xSirad `lamazebsac~ uwodebs)<br />
buneba-RvTaebis identobis nebelobiT ki ar ikargebian,<br />
aramed swored `SaveTSi~ transformirebulni `inaxebian~:<br />
`...mwams, ferflni kargis gulisa, / qarm ro gafantos xmelada, /<br />
TviToSi mainc enTeba, / tial-survili cxelada.. /karg guls ara<br />
hklavs buneba, / Tan daaqvs Zvelis-Zvelada!..~ iq ara marto midian,<br />
aramed iqedan gardauvali gamTlianebis molodinSi mudmivad<br />
gvakvirdebian, `saflavebze mavalTa xmebs~ usmenen, Cvenive<br />
`garjis~ adekvaturi wylulebiT gvafaseben, gvegebebian, mfarvelobas<br />
gvicxadeben da a. S. iqneb amitomac vaJasTvis samarTlianobis<br />
(isev imave socialuri harmoniobasTan erTad) aRdgenis<br />
SesaZlebloba ara mxolod yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamJRavnebul<br />
SemarTebas, `kai ymaTa~ `zneobriv Tvalaxelilobas~, aramed<br />
miRmuri samyarodan mkvdrebis (imave `kai ymebis~, brZoliT nawrTobi<br />
gvirgvinosani mefeebis Tu tanjuli Tanamokalmeebis)<br />
aRdgomas, `suleTis“ SeSvelebasac ukavSirdeba (`kidevac vnaxav<br />
gazafxuls~). sxva gamosavali TiTqos arc Cans. istoriuli kon-<br />
122
teqstidan amovardnil vaJas Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi kulturul<br />
paradigmaTa cvlileba, g. qiqoZis zusti SeniSvniT ki,<br />
`sovdagris mier raindis damarcxeba~, TiTqmis formalurad<br />
ganxorcielda, oRond ki ise, rom `moxerxda~ qarTvelTa pirovnuli<br />
mTlianobis sagrZnoblad Selaxva (am TvalsazrisiT saintereso<br />
Cans vaJas lirikaSi gamokveTili xmlisa da Samfuris<br />
antinomia). miuxedavad amisa, maradiuli wrebrunvis moTayvane<br />
vaJas, `kargi gulis~ ukvdavebis moimedes, ar surs eris viTom<br />
siWabukis, simwifisa da xandazmulobis Semdeg misi gaqrobis,<br />
kvdomis (iv. jabadari, l. frobeniusi) maSinac da mogvianebiTac<br />
gavrcelebuli ideebis gaziareba. amis mizezi vaJas mier mxatvrulad<br />
realizebuli da nicSes `maradiuli dabrunebis~ ideiT<br />
provocirebuli `istorizmis` gaazrebis principia, romlis Teoriul<br />
dasabuTebas vxedavT ukve gr. robaqiZis eseSi `osvald<br />
Spengler~. istoriis `sworxazovani~ ganviTarebis koncefciis<br />
uaryofa (sxvaTa Soris, iseve rogorc nicSes samyaros desakralizacisaTvis<br />
gamiznuli interpretaciebisa, romlis kritika<br />
robaqiZis germanulenovan filosofiur eseSi `pirvelSiSi da<br />
miTosia~ gadmocemuli), ∗ romelic Spenglerma me-19 saukunis istoriul<br />
mecnierebaTa sxva ZiriTadi postulatebis, evropocentrizmisa<br />
da panlogizmis, paralelurad ganaviTara, gr. robaqiZem<br />
myari argumentacia daupirispira: `Spengleris aTvisebiT<br />
istoriaSi ar aris logosi. vlena movlenis da meti araferi..<br />
es Sexeduleba TavisTavad mcdaria. Tu logosi ar aris,<br />
maSin ar aris TviT istoriac. istoria ar aris ubralo cvla. igi<br />
viTarebaa. viTarebaSi ki aucilebelia sazrisi~ (robaqiZe 1923:<br />
2). sxva sityvebiT, dasavleTis kultur-filosofiuri azrovnebis<br />
mier `logoss moklebul~, `wminda wylis struqturad~, `cariel<br />
karkasad~ ganxiluli `istorizmi~ robaqiZisTvis `onto-<br />
∗ ix. amis Sesaxeb k. bregaZe _ `nicSes maradiuli dabrunebis ideis kritika<br />
grigol robaqiZesTan~. _ lit. Ziebani, 2011.<br />
123
logiur realobad~ iqna gamocxadebuli. am mosazrebis safuZvlad,<br />
cxadia, robaqiZis mierve mignebuli vaJaseuli `saqarTvelos<br />
sulis sxeulebrivi gancda~ iqca (sagulisxmoa, rom iqmneba<br />
STabeWdileba, TiTqos Tavis kritikul damokidebulebas nicSes<br />
mimarT robaqiZe swored vaJas msoflmxedvelobiT koncefciaze<br />
dayrdnobiT aviTarebs). T. Cxenkelic gvidasturebs: `vaJasTvis<br />
eri ukvdavi fenomenia. igi SeiZleba SeTxeldes, Semcirdes an<br />
daknindes, magram mis uRrmes arsebaSi xelSeuxleblad aris Senaxuli<br />
Tavdapirveli dvrita anu modeli, ganaxlebisa da aRdgomis<br />
dauTrgunveli potencia~ (Cxenkeli, 1989: 227). marTalia,<br />
ukiduresi sulieri da materialuri SeWirvebis dros vaJas<br />
realisturi aRqma gansakuTrebiT uZlierdeba da SaveT-sule-<br />
Tis xatic TiTqos xundeba: `gadavisrole Conguri, / cremliT<br />
mevseba Tvalebi, / netav risaTvis maxaTrebs/ im mama-papaT Zvalebi?!<br />
/ an imaT mogonebaze / rad vxdebi Sasawyalebi?!~, magram<br />
es wuTieri adamianuri sisustea. STagoneba mas maleve ubrundeba,<br />
e. i. kvlav grZeldeba droiTa da sivrciT dausazRvravi<br />
mogzauroba awmyos gavliT warsulidan momavlisaken da piruku.<br />
swored esaa vaJas mier `SaveTis~ is `cocxlad mzera~, romelic<br />
ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio literaturis unikaluri<br />
movlenaa.<br />
124
damowmebani:<br />
mandelStami 1922: MandelStam O. Кое что о грузинскоь искустве. _<br />
избрание в двух томах, т. 2, 1922.<br />
kveselava 1961: kveselava m. fausturi paradigmebi. t. 2. Tb.: 1961.<br />
gamsaxurdia 1959: gamsaxurdia k. vaJa-fSavela. _ rCeuli Txzulebani.<br />
t. 2. Tb.: 1959.<br />
Ciqovani 1963: Ciqovani s. rCeuli werilebi. vaJa fSavelas cxovrebis<br />
elferi da misi poeturi Semoqmedeba. Tb.: 1963.<br />
danelia 2008: danelia s. vaJa fSavela da qarTveli eri. Tb.: 2008.<br />
robaqiZe 1923: robaqiZe gr. osvald Spengleri. gaz. `qarTuli<br />
sityva~, № 1, 1923.<br />
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tb. 1989.<br />
qiqoZe 1927: qiqoZe g. vaJa fSavela. _ vaJas rCeul TxzulebaTa<br />
ortomeuli. t. I. Tb.: 1927.<br />
kvaWantiraZe 2011: kvaWantiraZe m. adamianis koncepti vaJa-fSavelasa<br />
da rediar kiplingis poetur SemoqmedebaSi. _ `klasikuri<br />
realizmis epoqa: me-19 saukunis kulturuli da literaturuli<br />
tendenciebi” (akaki wereTlis dabadebidan 170-e wlisTavisadmi<br />
miZRvnili IV samecniero simpoziumis masalebi). Tb.: literaturis<br />
institutis gamomcemloba, 2011.<br />
makalaTia 1934: makalaTia s. `fSavi~. 1934.<br />
asaTiani 1982: asaTiani g. saTaveebTan. Tb.: 1982.<br />
gawerelia 1965: gawerelia a. vaJa fSavela. _ rCeuli nawerebi. Tb.:<br />
1965.<br />
TeTruaSvili 1982: TeTruaSvili l. vaJa fSavelas da goeTes<br />
ideur-msoflmxedvelobiTi urTierTobisaTvis. Tb.: 1982.<br />
125
usudan canava<br />
126<br />
arqauli ritualis asaxva vaJa-fSavelas<br />
poemebSi<br />
mokluli mtrisTvis marjvena mklavis mokveTa vaJas ramdenime<br />
poemaSi gvxvdeba, esenia: `aluda qeTelauri~, `stumar-maspinZeli~,<br />
`baxtrioni~, `giglia~, `sisxlis Zieba (ambavi CerqezTa<br />
cxovrebidan)~, `gvelis mWameli~, `ivane kotoraSvilis ambavi~<br />
(vaJa-fSavela1960). 1 es ki imaze miuTiTebs, rom mklavis mokveTis<br />
adaTi vaJasTvis konceptualuri problemaa, romelsac Rrma<br />
analizi sWirdeba.<br />
vaJas poemebis mixedviTac Cans, rom mokluli mtrisTvis marjvena<br />
mklavis mokveTa gavrcelebuli yofila kavkasiis mTel<br />
mosaxleobaSi _ amer-imerSi. amas adasturebs CrdilokavkasielTa<br />
cnobili `narTebis eposic~ (diumezili 1976). narTebis<br />
eposis ciklebi Caisaxa Zv. w-is I aTaswleulSi. masSi aisaxa skvi-<br />
Tebis, sarmatebisa da alanebis preistoria. am eposis cnobili<br />
mkvlevaris J. diumezilis dakvirvebiT, narTebis eposis ZiriTadi<br />
birTvebi Seqmnes skviTebma da maTma STamomavlebma; Semdeg es<br />
Tqmulebebi gavrcelda mTel kavkasiaSi. misive azriT, `narTeb-<br />
Si~ dadasturebuli marjvena xelis mokveTis tradicia exmianeba<br />
herodotes cnobas (herodote 1975: IV,62), rom skviTebi RvTaebisTvis<br />
msxverplad Sewirul adamianebs marjvena xels aWridnen.<br />
diumezilis azriT, marjvena mklavis mokveTis adaTi saqar-<br />
TveloSi Crdilo kavkasiidan gavrcelda. 2<br />
Tu am varauds daveyrdnobiT, marjvena mklavis mokveTis<br />
adaTs Soreul warmarTobaSi msxverplSewirvis ritualamde<br />
mivyavarT. me vfiqrob, rom es kvlevis swori mimarTulebaa da<br />
Sevecdebi mis dasabuTebas.
marTalia, Soridan miwevs dawyeba, magram, mokled movWri<br />
(ufro vrclad ix.: canava 2005) msoflios sxvadasxva xalxebSi<br />
gavrcelebuli uZvelesi da universaluri warmodgenis mixedviT,<br />
adamiani moiazreba, rogorc kosmiuri sxeuli, samyaros<br />
modeli (mikrokosmosi). pirveladamianis sxeulis nawilebisgan<br />
warmoiSva samyaro da pirveli saWiroebis nivTebi _ pirvelnivTebi<br />
(miTebi). 3 uZvelesi warmodgenebis mixedviT, pirveladamianebi<br />
da e.w. `danawevrebuli~ (vnebuli) RmerTebi 14 nawilad<br />
(e.i. 14 pirvelnivTad) iglijebian. ritualurad danawevrebuli<br />
msxverplis yoveli nawili sakraluria (wmindaa), magram maT<br />
Sorisac aris ufro `Zlieri~ nawilebi. am sakiTxs seriozuli<br />
gamokvleva miuZRvna r. oniansma (oniansi 1999). misi azriT,<br />
sxeulis nawilebs Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
Tavsa da xelebs _ Tavi (tvini) ganmkargulebelia, xeli _ aRmasrulebeli.<br />
ori xelidan ki ufro mniSvnelovania marjvena<br />
(herci 1960) dapirispireba marjvena _ marcxena, da amasTan,<br />
marjvenis upiratesobis aRiareba uZveles religiur da yofiT<br />
warmodgenebs ukavSirdeba. amas, Tavis mxriv, mivyavarT dapirispirebamde<br />
wminda _ uwminduri (kargi _ cudi). e. i. erT mxarezea<br />
Zalebi, romlebic aniWeben sicocxles, janmrTelobas, gamarjvebas;<br />
meoreze _ yvelaferi sapirispiro. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
marjvena xeli aRWurvilia sakraluri, SemoqmedebiTi funqciiT.<br />
igi Subis, iaraRis mpyrobeli xelia da eZRvneba omis RvTaebas.<br />
simboloebis leqsikonebsa da eciklopediebSi vrclad aris<br />
mimoxiluli xelis funqciebi (bidermani 1999; tresideri 1999;<br />
enciklopedia 1999). xeli ganasaxierebs fizikur Zalas, Zalauflebas,<br />
Zlierebas, moqmedebas, batonobas. Zvel ebraul enaSi xeli<br />
da Zalaufleba erTi sityviT aRiniSneboda. miaCndaT, rom<br />
xels SeuZlia gadasces sulieri da fizikuri energia. igi uZvelesi<br />
droidan iqca Zlier simbolod. ukve paleoliTis xanaSi<br />
gvxvdeba xelis mtevnebis gaSlilTiTebiani gamosaxulebebi<br />
gamoqvabulebis kedlebsa da kldeebze. xeli bedisweris matare-<br />
127
elicaa da imqveyniur samyarosac ukavSirdeba. uZvelesi droidan<br />
arsebobda rwmena, rom gamorCeul pirovnebaTa (mefeTa,<br />
winamZRolTa, beladTa, religiur liderTa) xelebs saswaulmoqmedi<br />
Zala aqvT. simboloebis enaze marjvena xeli gamoxatavs<br />
aqtiur sawyiss, momavals, simarTles, codnas. marcxena xeli<br />
asocirebulia pasiur sawyisTan, warsulTan. marjveniT locavdnen,<br />
marcxeniT _ wyevlidnen. ritualuri datvirTva aqvs xelis<br />
CamorTmevas, Tavze dadebas, ze aRmarTvas da a. S.<br />
pirvelyofili adamianebi samyaros aRiqvamdnen, rogorc niv-<br />
Tebis erTobliobas. isini qmnidnen cocxali bunebis ganivTebul<br />
saxeebs. amitom, maTi azriT, Seqmnili nivTic `cocxalia~,<br />
igi laparakobs, cocxlobs da moqmedebs. movigonoT e.w. `Wkviani~<br />
nivTebi miTebidan da jadosnuri zRaprebidan: molaparake<br />
karebi, Zafis gorgali, sadgisi, qoTani, sufra, xmali, beWedi,<br />
sarke da sxva. pirveli moxmarebis sameurneo da sabrZolo iara-<br />
Rebi sxeulis nawilebis analogiiT Seiqmna. qoTani (qvabi) saSos<br />
imitaciaa; Subi, mSvld-isari `dagrZelebuli xelia~. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
ar SemiZlia, ar movixmo erTi pasaJi vaJas `aluda<br />
qeTelauridan~, sadac poeti, saocari intuiciis wyalobiT, sadad<br />
da martivad ambobs imas, rasac mecnierTa mravalgverdiani<br />
naSromebi daskvnebis saxiT gvTavazoben. aluda dahyurebs<br />
mokluli mucalis moWril marjvenas da ambobs:<br />
128<br />
`raad mindaris, ver mixmlobs,<br />
ar gamodgeba farada,<br />
mTaSi waviRo, ar miTibs,<br />
arc margebs Tivis kavada~.<br />
savsebiT naTelia, rom aluda mokveTil marjvenas sameurneo<br />
iaraRebs adarebs _ xmals, fars, cels, kavs. aludas qvecnobierSi<br />
amotivtivebuli es analogiebi garda zemoT aRniSnulisa,<br />
sxva mizeziTac SeiZleba aRmocenebuliyo. saqme isaa, rom
aludas sofelSi (da yvela sxva TemSi) mokluli mtrebis marjvena<br />
xelebs an qavze (saxlis karibWeze) an saxlis kedlebze amagrebdnen.<br />
saxlis kedlebze ki, Cveulebriv, sabrZolo iaraRi da<br />
sameurneo nivTebic ekida. 4 ratom inaxavdnen moWril xelebsa da<br />
Tavebs?<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, xelebi (Tavi) sxeulis `Zlieri~ nawilebia.<br />
am nawilebis yofili patronebis Zala maT axal mflobels<br />
Seemateba. aqedan gamomdinare, sakralur nivTebad qceul sxeulis<br />
nawilebs damcavis, amuletis funqcia ekisreba. Zvelad<br />
egonaT, rom saiqioSi sulebi iseve ganagrZoben cxovrebas, rogorc<br />
saaqaoSi. samzeodan `gayolili~ mtroba da megobroba im<br />
qveyanaSic grZeldeba. aqedan gamomdinere, xelmokveTili mteri<br />
maradiul qveyanaSi saSiSi aRar iqneba. garda amisa, mtrebis moWrili<br />
xelebi maTi mflobelis simamacis dasturi gaxldaT.<br />
Cven ukve visaubreT marjvena xelis funqciebsa da ritualur<br />
daniSnulebaze. isic vTqviT, rom xelis mokveTa sakraluri<br />
danawevrebis ritualSi Sedioda. axla ufro detalurad Sev-<br />
CerdeT am sakiTxze. sxeulis sakraluri danawevreba uZvelesi<br />
da universaluri ritualia. ritualis detalebze saubrs aRar<br />
gavavrcob (amaze ixileT Cems miTiTebul naSromSi). amJamad yuradRebas<br />
gavamaxvilebT yvelaze mniSvnelovanze _ ratom da<br />
rogor dakarga am ritualma sakraluri (wminda) funqcia da<br />
rogor gadaiqca `sisxlis Ziebad~. sakraluri rituali rom ganxorcieldes,<br />
aucilebelia ramdenime pirobis dacva: Sesawiri<br />
msxverplis mimarT unda gamoiricxos yovelgvari agresia/risxva<br />
(wminda msxverpli ewireba diad RvTaebas. amgvari `Sewirvebi~,<br />
ZiriTadad, nebayoflobiTia). meore _ sakraluri msxverplSewirvebi<br />
xorcieldeba garkveuli periodulobiT (sameurneo,<br />
samonadireo, Tu amindis marTvis ritualebisas; agreTve<br />
omisas). magram, ritualebs axasiaTebT mimetikuroba (mibaZvis<br />
survili). Tu adamianTa sazogadoebam erTxel mainc dauSva<br />
sakraluri ritualis `Semotrialeba~ sakuTari motivaciiT, igi<br />
129
momentalurad kargavs ZiriTad (sakralur) funqcias. ra igulisxmeba<br />
sakuTar motivaciaSi? pasuxi erTia _ rodesac ritualis<br />
Sesrulebas safuZvlad udevs risxva/agresia/Zaladoba.<br />
agresia yvela tipisa da kulturis sxvadasxva donis adamianebSi<br />
msgavsia. araferi ise ar hgavs gaalmasebul katas an adamians,<br />
rogorc meore gaalmasebuli kata an adamiani. swored agresiis<br />
CarTva sakralur msxverplSewirvaSi iwvevs mis profanacias.<br />
amas bunebrivad mosdevs meore elementis moSlac _ irRveva<br />
yovelgvari perioduloba. mkvleloba danawevrebiTurT xorcieldeba<br />
maSin, rodesac SurismaZiebels amisi SesaZlebloba miecema.<br />
Zaladobis survilis gaRviZeba adamianSi iwvevs garkveul<br />
fiziologiur cvlilebebs, romelic pirovnebas ganawyobs or-<br />
TabrZolisaTvis. specialistTa ganmartebiT, Zaladobis survilis<br />
daokeba ufro Znelia, vidre aRZvra. Zaladobas xSirad da<br />
samarTlianadac uwodeben iracionalurs. heraklite werda,<br />
rom Zaladoba aris yvelafris mama da mefe. agresiis realizeba<br />
orgvarad SeiZleba: risxvis gamomwvevi mizezis (pirovnebis) ganadgurebiT,<br />
rac iwvevs SurisZiebaTa dausrulebel jaWvs da<br />
meore _ agresiis CanacvlebiT (SecvliT). am dros risxvis gamomwvevi<br />
arseba Canacvldeba sxviT, romelic arafriT iwvevs moZaladis<br />
dartymas garda imisa, rom sustia (swored am meoridan<br />
gamodis e.w. `gantevebis vaci~) (Jirari 2000).<br />
rogorc vxedavT, sakralur msxverplSewirvasa da sisxlis<br />
Ziebas Soris principuli gansxvavebaa. rac Seexeba marjvenis<br />
mokveTas, igi sakraluri ritualis mibaZviT xorcieldeba. magram<br />
dakarguli aqvs `siwmindis~ funqcia. es aris profanirebuli<br />
rituali, romlis dasabami ar axsovs arc Tems, arc am ritualis<br />
Semsrulebels. igi, ubralod, asrulebs dadgenil adaTs. Temma<br />
icis, rom wesia aseTi. wesis axsna ki ara aqvs. rogor SevamowmoT<br />
Cveni Tvalsazrisis siswore? saqme isaa, rom, erTi mxriv, Cven<br />
gvaqvs universaluri warmarTuli msxverplSewirvis ritualis<br />
mecnieruli aRweriloba da amaSi eWvis Setanis safuZveli ar<br />
130
arsebobs; meore mxriv, gvaqvs ~sisxlis Ziebis~ (blood feud) uamravi<br />
magaliTi realur cxovrebaSi, folklorsa da mxatvrul literaturaSi.<br />
gvaklia maTi damakavSirebeli Sua rgoli. rogorc<br />
aRvniSne, vaJas poemebSi aRaravis axsovs, saidan iRebs dasabams<br />
marjvena xelis mokveTis adaTi. Cemi azriT, maTi damakavSirebeli<br />
rgolis funqcia SeiZleba Seasrulos orma komponentma:<br />
ZvelberZnul tragediaSi moZiebulma masalam da aluda qeTelauris<br />
sizmarma.<br />
daviwyoT tragediiT. Tavidan minda ganvmarto, ratom SeiZleba<br />
Zv. w-is V-IV ss-is teqstebi (esqiles, sofokles, evripides<br />
tragediebi) gamoviyenoT risame dasadastureblad an uarsayofad.<br />
jer erTi, Janrobrivad vaJas poemebi (`aluda qeTelauri~,<br />
`stumar-maspinZeli~) TavianTi struqturiTa da kompoziciiT<br />
ufro dramebia, vidre poemebi. 5 mis TxzulebebSi monawileobs<br />
ramdenime protagonisti da qoro (Temi). moqmedeba viTardeba<br />
Temis Caketil wreSi. poemebSi dasmulia problemebi, romlebic<br />
siRrmiTa da mniSvnelobiT Tavisuflad miesadageba antikur<br />
dramas. es rac Seexeba garegnul mxares. axla ufro Rrmad CavwvdeT<br />
sakiTxis arss. dRes aRaravin davobs, rom antikuri drama<br />
ritualidan aRmocenda. berZnuli dramis personaJebs xSirad<br />
dionises niRbebsac uwodeben, imitom rom dionises winaaRmdegobebiT<br />
aRsavse cxovrebam da misma daglejam (miTi: dionise-<br />
Zagrevsi daglejes titanebma) warmoSva garkveuli yalibi, romlis<br />
safuZvelzec Seiqmna sxvadasxva asli _ niRabi. dionisesTan<br />
misadagebiT, ZvelberZnuli tragediis gmirebi moqmedeben,<br />
cxovroben, uSveben Secdomebs (es ar aris ubralo yofiTi<br />
Secdomebi; es `didi~ Secdomebia: RmerTis daumorCilebloba; an<br />
romelime ritualis darRveva; an ficis gatexa da a.S.) itanjebian<br />
da (umetes SemTxvevaSi) iRupebian. rogorc aRvniSne, ber-<br />
Znul tragediaSi jer kidev kargadaa daculi arqauli plasti<br />
`ritualuri Sre~. amitom, Tu am teqstebSi aRmoCnda CvenTvis<br />
saintereso rgoli, es gaamyarebs zemoT gamoTqmul mosazrebas.<br />
131
Cemi azriT, msxverplSewirvis sakraluri ritualis profanaciis<br />
suraTi TvalsaCinod aisaxa esqiles, sofoklesa da evripides<br />
im tragediebSi, romlebSic troas omis gmiris, mxedarTmTavar<br />
agamemnonis tragikuli aRsasrulia moTxrobili. mokled vityvi:<br />
troaSi gasamgzavreblad agamemnonma didi msxverpli gaiRo<br />
_ sakuTari asuli, ifigenia, Seswira RmerTebs (qalRmerT artemiss).<br />
agamemnonis meuRlis, klitemnestras azriT, es msxverplSewirva<br />
arasworad Catarda (Tavad klitemnestra heras taZris<br />
qurumi iyo da sakralur ritualebs ganagebda). man gadawyvita,<br />
Tavad Seewira msxverplad troas omidan dabrunebuli agamemoni<br />
da es gaakeTa kidec (canava 2005). qurumma klitemnestram<br />
zedmiwevniT Caatara msxverplSewirvis rituali, msxverpls abazanaSi<br />
daniT gamosWra yeli da Semdeg kidurebi moaWra. am ritualuri<br />
qmedebis (mokluli msxverplisTvis kidurebis moWris)<br />
aRsaniSnad berZeni mwerlebi iyeneben specialur ritualur<br />
termins _ `masxaliZo~. berZnul tragediaze saubars aRar gavagrZeleb.<br />
Cemi azriT, rasac veZebdiT, vipoveT. kerZod: qurumi<br />
klitemnestra atarebs msxverplSewirvis rituals _ daniT<br />
klavs da kidurebs aWris agamemnons. es rituali sakralurad da<br />
sworad CaiTvleboda, klitemnestras motivacia risxva rom ar<br />
yofiliyo. klitemnestram Suri iZia ifigenias gamo (mas sxva mizezebic<br />
hqonda, magram amaze saubari Sors wagviyvans). aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, klitemnestras saqciels arc RmerTebi arc adamianebi<br />
ar miiCneven sakralur msxverplSewirvad. es iyo tipuri<br />
SurisZieba, ris gamoc klitemnestrac daisaja (igi sakuTarma<br />
vaJma mokla). amgvarad, berZnuli tragediebi TvalsaCinod warmogvidgenen<br />
msxverplSewirvis sakraluri ritualis profanacias.<br />
meore rgoli da axsna aris aludas sizmari `aluda<br />
qeTelauridan~.<br />
aluda qeTelauri Tavis TemSi vaJkacobiT gamorCeuli `davlaTiani~<br />
kacia. is zedmiwevniT icavs da asrulebs Temis tradiciul<br />
adaT-wesebs. erT-erTi aseTi wesia mokluli mtrisTvis<br />
132
marjvenis mokveTa. man `bevr qists maaWra marjvena~, misi qavis<br />
karze mtris moWrili `xeleb jRrdeebad hkidia~. erT dResac<br />
aludam morigi gmiroba Caidina; mokla soflis jogis gamtacebeli<br />
qisti mucali. mucalTan orTabrZolam SeZra da SeaZrwuna<br />
aluda. gamarjvebulma gmirma `wesi~ daarRvia da marjvena ar<br />
mosWra moklul mters. wesis darRvevam sofeli gaanawyena,<br />
aluda ki daafiqra. fiqrma da wuxilma aluda `CaiTria~. igi ukve<br />
aRar hgavs sxvebs, magram verc Tavisi Tavi Seucnia, igi itanjeba.<br />
Sewuxebuli aluda xedavs sizmars, romelsac SeiZleba `didi~<br />
sizmari vuwodoT. igi intuiciiT mihyveba safiqrals ZirisZirSi.<br />
mecnierebaSi davas ar iwvevs, rom e.w. `didi sizmari~ asaxavs<br />
miTosur droSi ganxorcielebul moqmedebas. sizmriseuli dro<br />
miTosuri drois analogiuria. Cven aq Tavad sizmris biologiur<br />
meqanizmze ar visaubrebT, amaze erTmniSvnelovani pasuxi arc<br />
arsebobs; Tan es ar Sedis Cveni kompetenciis sferoSi. rac Seexeba<br />
`didi sizmris~ fsiqo-socialur mxares, artemidorosidan<br />
iungamde da merec, erTmniSvnelovnad miaCniaT, rom es sizmrebi<br />
adamianis gamouvleneli SesaZleblobebisa da gonebiT miuwvdomeli<br />
maxsovrobis Taviseburi asaxvaa, koleqtiuri qvecnobieris<br />
fantastikuri gamovlenaa. ase rom, aludas sizmari, romelic<br />
tipuri `didi sizmaria~, Tavisuflad SeiZleba dadges miTis<br />
sibrtyeze.<br />
axla vcadoT am sizmris struqturaSi garkveva. Cveni azriT,<br />
aq sami monakveTi gamoiyofa:<br />
aluda aris rigSi.<br />
win devs micvalebuli.<br />
xevsurebi sxedan<br />
yvela SeiaraRebulia (salaSqrod unda wavidnen)<br />
zogi karebis zRurblze dgas<br />
aluda tiris (cremls Rvris),<br />
rogorc wesia kacisa.<br />
133
134<br />
gamoCnda mokluli mucali.<br />
man xanjali Caudo aludas xelSi.<br />
mucals atyvia natyviari, romelSic<br />
Cafenili aqvs “lega safevi brZamisa”.<br />
igi kldesaviT dgas<br />
cremli ar Camosdis.<br />
iTxovs sikvdils,<br />
Tqven dagrCeTo wuTisofeli<br />
me ki wavide im qveynad.<br />
aluda jdeba, Wams.<br />
jamSi adamianis wvniani xorcia.<br />
am SeWamadSi gamoirCeva adamianis Zvliani xel-fexi.<br />
`gaSterebul~ aludas SeWamads umateben _<br />
kacis ulvaSiT Senelebul wvens da xorcs.<br />
Cvens winaSea uaRresad saintereso, ritualiT `datvirTuli~<br />
teqsti. pirvel monakveTSi micvalebulis datirebis tradiciaa<br />
asaxuli. wesiT, amas unda mosdevdes cxedris miwisTvis<br />
mibarebis rituali, magram, moulodnelad gamoCndeba mucalis<br />
suli, rac wyvets dawyebul rituals. mesame nawilSi sruliad<br />
araordinaruli qelexia aRwerili. amJamad swored am nawilze<br />
SevaCerebT yuradRebas.<br />
am qelexSi araferi iqneboda uCveulo, rom ara erTi garemoeba<br />
_ `rigSi~ myofT adamianis xorciT umaspinZldebian. es ki<br />
tipuri kanibalizmia am fenomens mecnierebi sxvadasxvagvarad<br />
xsnian (es msjeloba Sors wagviyvans). axla mivubrundeT teqsts;<br />
vaJasTan `rigi~ micvalebulis sulis pativsacemad gamarTul<br />
purisWamas aRniSnavs. 6 izmari iwyeba Wamis molodiniT da mTavrdeba<br />
Wamis procesiT. WamiT dawyeba da WamiTve dasruleba<br />
kravs ritualur wres. rigad Camwkrivebuli (an wred Sekruli)<br />
adamianebi koleqtiurad Wamen (`eziarebian~) am SemTxvevisaTvis<br />
sagangebod momzadebul Wamads. 7 s SeWamadi ki adamianis danawev-
ebuli nawilebia. aluda kargad arCevs, rom mas jamSi umateben<br />
kacis xel-fexsa da ulvaSebs (gansakuTrebuli ritualuri daniSnulebis<br />
nawilebs). siTxe, romelSic es yvelaferi ixarSeba,<br />
rogorc Cans, sisxlia. 8 ase imitom vfiqrobT, rom amave poemis<br />
sxva epizodSi, kerZod, aludas vizionSi, sisxli purisa da Rvinis<br />
analogiuri ritualuri funqciiTaa warmodgenili:<br />
`visac mteroba maswyurdes,<br />
gaaRos saxlis karia,<br />
sisxl daigubos keraSi,<br />
TviTanac Sigve mdgaria.<br />
Rvinodac imas dahlevdes,<br />
puradac mosaxmaria~.<br />
aluda sxvebTan erTad Wams kacis wvnian xorcs, Zvlian xelfexs,<br />
Tumca amiT SeZrulia:<br />
`vsWamdi, mzaravda Tumca-Ra<br />
kacis xel-fexi Zvliani~.<br />
erToblivad purisWama ritualuri aqtia. puroba sxvadasxva<br />
ritualis aucilebeli komponentia da misi mizania adamianTa<br />
garkveuli jgufis (sociumis) Sekvra-gamTlianeba.<br />
axla mivyveT poemaSi ganviTarebuli moqmedebis logikas:<br />
aluda Temis Sekruli wris gamorCeuli wevria _ lideri,<br />
gmiri.<br />
mas bevri mteri hyavs mokluli, da wesisamebr, yvelas aWrida<br />
marjvenas.<br />
erTxel aludam mokla moZalade mteri da ar mosWra<br />
marjvena.<br />
Temma marjvenis armoWra aludas adaTis darRvevad CauTvala<br />
da cxadad gamoxata ukmayofileba.<br />
135
axla vnaxoT, ra xdeba aludas `SigniT~:<br />
aluda daedevna mtrebs, romlebmac soflis naxiri gaitaces.<br />
erTi gamtacebeli mokla da marjvenac moaWra.<br />
meoresTan gaimarTa seriozuli orTabrZola:<br />
orTabrZola sityvieri 9 da orTabrZola iaraRiT.<br />
Serkinebis orive formam aCvena, rom dapirispirebuli gmirebi<br />
Tanabari Zalisani iyvnen, magram iRbalma sicocxlis wili<br />
aludas arguna. aludas sikvdilma `TmaSi gauara~. man ganicada<br />
Tavisi sikvdili.<br />
aluda am gamarjvebam daamwuxra. man ori wesi daarRvia:<br />
mucals iaraRi ar ahyara da marjvena ar mosWra.<br />
aludam daiwyo fiqri. gauCnda kiTxva _ r a t o m ? ra saWiroa<br />
mklavis moWra?<br />
aludas tragedia swored maSin iwyeba, rodesac mas dadgenili<br />
adaTis gagebis survili uCndeba. sanam es survili gauCndeboda,<br />
e.i. cnobiswadili aitanda, yvelaferi Cveulebriv iyo.<br />
aluda ver poulobs axsnas: ra saWiroa mokluli mtrisTvis marjvenis<br />
moWra?! amaze pasuxs mas Tavisive sizmari aZlevs. sizmarSi<br />
`ixsneba~ ritualis arsi: mucali, iseve rogorc manamde<br />
mokluli mtrebi, msxverplia. masze, rogorc moZaladeze, gadadis<br />
Temis agresia. igi unda mokvdes da Seewiros (vis an ras, es<br />
sxva sakiTxia). am msxverplSewirvisas mucals unda moeWras marjvena.<br />
es iqneba misi msxverplSewirvis damadasturebeli aqti,<br />
rac mucals, rogorc msxverpls, saSualebas miscems, Sesabamisi<br />
adgili daimkvidros suleTSi. swored amitom erTveba mucali<br />
aludas sizmarSi. igi xelSi xanjals (msxverplSewirvis ritualur<br />
iaraRs) aZlevs aludas da iTxovs wesis aRsrulebas. tyviiT<br />
mokluli mucali ar aris sabolood mkvdari (ritualurad<br />
mokluli). roca mucali mokvdeba da danawevrdeba (//marjvena<br />
moeWreba), Temi danayrdeba misi sxeuliT, e.i. Tems mucalis Zala<br />
Seemateba.<br />
136
gaanalizebuli masala da vaJa-fSavelas werilebi erTianoba-<br />
Si rom ganvixiloT, naTeli xdeba, rom poeti Rrmad Cawvda sisxlis<br />
Ziebis arss.<br />
da bolos, kidev erT sakiTxsac Sevexebi. vaJas Semoqmedebis<br />
cnobili mkvlevaris b-ni gr. kiknaZis azriT, mokluli mtris-<br />
Tvis marjvenis moWra ar iyo adaTobrivi norma (kiknaZe 1978:159-<br />
161.) amis dasturad mas mohyavs ivane kotoraSvili, romelic<br />
mters marjvenas ar aWrida. Cemi azriT, aludas (zviadauris,<br />
mindias) samyaro mkafiod unda gavmijnoT ivane kotoraSvilisagan.<br />
aluda, zviadauri, joyola, mindia Temis Caketili wris wevrebi<br />
arian. mwerali `aluda qeTelaursa~ da `stumar-maspinZel-<br />
Si~ dros ar akonkretebs. amiT, rogorc marTebulad SeniSnavs bni<br />
gr. kiknaZe `adreul rwmenaTa da kulturaTa safexuria~<br />
xazgasmuli. ivane kotoraSvili ki erekle mefis Tanamedrove,<br />
misi marjvena xeli da sayvareli gmiria. amas, Cemi azriT, didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan ivane aSkarad `axali drois gmiria~. igi<br />
ara mxolod Tavisi soflis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebis wevricaa.<br />
axali dro axal msoflaRqmas da rwmenasac gulisxmobs.<br />
marTalia, SeiZleba qristianad mogqondes Tavi, magram sisxlis<br />
aRebis principiT cxovrobde. ivanes SemTxvevaSi saqme sxvagvaradaa.<br />
kotoraSvilSi sarwmunoebrivi principebi mis Sinagan<br />
konstituciasTan `SenivTebula~. swored amitom, ivane Zalian<br />
hgavs vaJas im idealur gmirs, romelsac poeti `kai ymaSi~ gvixatavs.<br />
Txistyaosani pirofliani ivane sworedac gmiris idealia<br />
ara mxolod vaJas Txzulebebis, aramed fSauri poeziis zogadi<br />
koncefciiTac. saqme isaa, rom ivanes ara aqvs konfliqti saku-<br />
Tar TavTan winamorbedTa (aluda, joyola) msgavsad. sruliad<br />
logikuria, rom ivane moklul mters marjvenas ar sWris. aluda<br />
da joyolac xom aqeTken iswrafvian.<br />
statiis dasawyisSi aRvniSne, rom mklavis mokveTis adaTs<br />
vaJas SemoqmedebaSi imaze meti mniSvneloba eniWeba, vidre es<br />
SeiZleba erTi SexedviT Candes. mklavis mokveTa ar aris ubra-<br />
137
lod cudi (sastiki) saqcieli. es aris gauqmebuli sakraluri<br />
ritualis atavizmi, romelic sisxlis Ziebis modernizebuli<br />
fsevdoritualis mTavar simaxinjed iqca. bevr sazogadoebaSi<br />
ganagrZobs arsebobas sxvadasxva gauqmebuli rituali. isini, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom funqcia dakarguli aqvT, raki arseboben,<br />
magiuri zemoqmedebiTac xasiaTdebian (gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />
tabu, romelic am ritualebs adevT, rac kidev ufro<br />
aZlierebs maT `Caketvas~). amitom adaTi unda aixsnas; gairkves,<br />
rom moWama Tavisi dro da gauqmdes. swored es procesi mimdinareobs<br />
vaJas gmirebSi. isini emzadebian axali faseulobebis misaRebad,<br />
sadac SurisZiebas Secvlis miteveba, risxvas _ ganurisxveloba.<br />
vaJas gmirebis kaTarzisi WeSmaritad grandiozulia.<br />
swored amitomacaa es kaTarzisi berZnuli tragediis gmirebis<br />
msgavsi. esaa Secnoba `tanjvis gziT~ sicocxlis fasad.<br />
SeniSvnebi:<br />
1. `aluda qeTelauri~:<br />
138<br />
aludam<br />
`bevr qists maaWra marjvena<br />
scada franguli fxiani~.<br />
aluda<br />
`marjvenas ar sWris<br />
mucalsa,<br />
ityoda codva ario~.<br />
aluda ambobs:<br />
`ver gavimete mucali<br />
marjvenis mosaWrelada~.<br />
aluda mindias:<br />
`Tu xelis moWra mdomiyo,<br />
gan ver movsWridi Tavada?~<br />
xevsuri axalgazrdebi aludas<br />
eubnebian:<br />
`mahkal, marjvena ar masWer<br />
ukan misdevdi ma rada?<br />
mindia eubneba Tanasoflelebs:<br />
`Tu ara gjeraT, qistisa<br />
ai, moWrili mklavia~<br />
mindiam<br />
`xeli aludas miarTvis, waiR,<br />
miakar qavada~.<br />
aludas eubnebian:<br />
`... Sens qavze xeleb jRrdesaviT<br />
hkidia, zogi lekisa, sxva qistis,<br />
marjveneebis xidia~.
aluda:<br />
`wesi ar aris mtris mokvla,<br />
Tu xel ar masWer daniTa~.<br />
`baxtrioni~<br />
lelas esizmreba:<br />
`kaci rom modis kupriviT,<br />
daaTrevs kacis Tavebsa;<br />
modis win miwyobs RreWiTa<br />
CemT ZmaT sisxlian<br />
mklavebsa~.<br />
`stumar-maspinZeli~<br />
zviadaurma<br />
`bevrs qists moaWra<br />
marjvena<br />
udrod saflavSi Calala~.<br />
`sisxlis Zieba~<br />
(ambavi CerqezTa<br />
cxovrebidan)<br />
demurma mokla mteri:<br />
`daukidnia taxtaze<br />
wuxel naSovni xelia~.<br />
demurs uxaria, rom<br />
`moaqvs qiCiris xeli<br />
dafasebuli Zvirada~.<br />
demuri ambobs qiCirze:<br />
`qiCirs ki cota mouklav,<br />
cotasa sWrida xelebsa?~<br />
`giglia~<br />
qali omSi mimaval giglias<br />
usurvebs:<br />
`moxvide gamarjvebuli,<br />
gekidos mtrisa xelebi<br />
mxar-iRliv gadagdebuli~.<br />
mokluli zviadauris deda<br />
iTxovs:<br />
`mklavni maCveneT Svilisa<br />
moitaT, CamabareTa!”<br />
coli eubneba qiCirs:<br />
`ar minda, Tvalebs miSinebs<br />
naxva qiCiris xelisa~.<br />
coli wyevlis:<br />
`Seni umsgavsi marjvena<br />
mtersamc miekras qavada~.<br />
139
140<br />
gvelis mWameli~<br />
`yvelas ise aqvs gulSia_<br />
belads vin mohklavs winasa,<br />
Tavsa da marjvenas masWris<br />
Sin miva saxeliani~.<br />
`ivane kotoraSvilis ambavi~<br />
ivanes “ mas ara hqonda wesada<br />
mtrisad moeWra marjvena;<br />
an ki sad daeteoda<br />
mas ergeboda ramdena?!~<br />
2. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom marjvena mklavis mokveTis adaTi sxva<br />
qarTveli mwerlebis nawarmoebebSic aisaxa: magaliTad, k. gamsaxurdias<br />
`xogais mindiaSi~, m. javaxiSvilis `TeTr sayeloSi~.<br />
3. mag.: `vedebis~ mixedviT, pirveladamiani puruSa Seswires Rmer-<br />
Tebs da am msxverplSewirvis Sedegad gaCnda yvelaferi _sulieri<br />
arsebebic da arasulierebic; maT Soris himnebi, simRerebi da saleqso<br />
sazomebic. iranelTa warmodgeniT, haiomartis danawevrebis<br />
Sedegad gaCnda samyaros sxvadasxva elementi: xorcisa da Zvlebisgan<br />
_ miwa, sisxlisgan _ wyali, Tmebisgan mcenareebi, mzerisgan<br />
_cecxli, sunTqvisgan _ qari. aseTive gadmocemebia `edas~ imirze,<br />
rabinTa wignebis adamze, Zvelegviptur ptaxze da a. S. (miTebi 1982).<br />
4. saxlis (sasaxlis, samlocvelos) kedlebze iaraRisa da moWrili<br />
xelebis (Tavebis) dakidebis tradicia dasturdeba msoflios sxvadasxva<br />
xalxebSi. am mxriv sainteresoa berZnuli masala. amaze ix.<br />
canava r. dasax. wigni.<br />
5. xelis gamosaxulebis amuletebad gamoyenebis faqti mTel kavkasiaSia<br />
cnobili. amas safondo masalac adasturebs. unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom kavkasiaSi amuletebad ufro xSirad gaSlili xelis gamosaxulebebs<br />
iyenebdnen. cnobilia, rom gaSlili xelis mtevani simtkicisa<br />
da siZlieris niSnad iyo miCneuli. misi gamosaxulebebi<br />
mravlad aris dafiqsirebuli saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi.<br />
xelis mtevani aucilebeli elementi iyo xevsurul ornamentSi. mas<br />
xeze kveTdnen da atandnen Tixis Selesilobaze; darbazis boZebze,<br />
kidobnebze, saxlis an cixe-koSkebis kedlebze.saqarTvelos samuzeumo<br />
fondSi daculia liTonis uamravi xelis gamosaxuleba.<br />
(xizaniSvili 2007:339-342).
6. vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis mimarTebaze antikur dramasTan ix.<br />
agreTve: (Cxenkeli 1989).<br />
7. micvalebulis sulis mosaxsenebel ritualze Tavad vaJafSavela<br />
mogviTxrobs Tavis eTnografiul werilebSi: `winandels<br />
velur mdgomareobis adamians egona, rom suli, meore `me~ kacisa<br />
ara kvdeboda, rom saiqiosac igive moTxovnileba sma-Wamisa hqonda,<br />
rogorc saaqaos... rogorc es Cveuleba, ise mravali sxva, erTnairs<br />
ganaTlebis simaRleze mdgomare uwindelsa da exlandels xalxsac<br />
erTmaneTs amsgavsebs, miuxedavad erTtomobisa, mibaZvisa, erTisa<br />
da meorisagan gadmoRebisa. gadmoReba Cveulebisa aq arafers SuaSia.<br />
es ufro imis bralia, rom kacTa naTesaobis goneba erTnairad<br />
muSaobda, erTnairad hgrZnobda. TavisTvis Semwyvdeulni, rogorc<br />
amerikis veluri kaci, ise afrikisa, cal-calke daSorebulad<br />
mcxovrebni cal-calke hfiqroben, magram erTnairad ki, agreTve<br />
iqceoda fSavelic (aqve aRvniSnav, rom eTnografiul sakiTxebze<br />
msjelobisas vaJa-fSavela xSirad imowmebs spenseris, tailoris da<br />
sxvaTa naSromebs. r.c.).<br />
8. axali mkvdris patronebi akeTebdnen `rigebs~ saxlSi, ipatiJebdnen<br />
mokeTeebs... mkvdris patroni `rigis~ anu wirvis dros umaspin-<br />
Zldeba guluxvad. daxocili saklavebi anu cxvrebi mzaddeba dids<br />
qvabSi. imasTan erTad aris rZe, erbo da fafa, an flavi... am sazogado<br />
purisWamamde mkvdris patroni satirals gamoitans da micvalebulis<br />
cxens daayenebs satirlis pirzed. yvelani Cveulebrivad<br />
itireben...rodesac tirili gaTavdeba, xalxi `dajdeba~, dasxdeba<br />
rigzed. erT-erTi maspinZlis amorCeuli dadis, moxarSuli xorci<br />
uWiravs xelSi xonCiT da arigebs xorcis naWrebs (wiloba). meore<br />
arigebs purs, mesame moayolebs wvnians xis jamebiT~. (vaJa-fSavela<br />
1964:94-97).<br />
9. vaJa-fSavela Tavis eTnografiul werilSi `laSaris jvris<br />
dReoba anu laSaroba~ wers: `...sisxls Zala aqvs (kulti sisxlisa),<br />
sisxli viTa aiazma, unda esxuros Tasebs, saxato avejeulobas. xevisberma<br />
unda xelmxari `gainaTlos` sisxliTve, mudam weliwads<br />
jer TviTon unda daklas sakuTari saklavi xatSi da imisi sisxli<br />
141
moicxos xelebze, Sublze. am Cveulebas ewodeba `xel-mxaris ganaTvla~.<br />
rogorc zeviTac movixsenieT, sisxls raki es Zala aqvs, ueWvelad,<br />
movaleni varT vifiqroT, rom TviT Cveuleba mTielTa Soris<br />
sisxlis aRebisa, Tu sisxlis Ziebisa, samRvTo movaleobad CasaTvlelia.<br />
Tumca sisxlis amRebs hgonia _ movkali Cemis naTesavis<br />
mkvleli da amiT igi daumone, ymad gauxade Cems naTesavs, raTa<br />
saiqios wyali uzidos mas, jRani gaubandoso da sxva, magram is ki<br />
aRar aqvs Segnebuli, rom amave dros saRmrTo movaleobasac asrulebs<br />
sisxlis daqceviT. adamiani am SemTxvevaSi xdeba xatad da<br />
mas zvarakad, msxverplad adamiani ewirebis... fSauri Cveuleba<br />
sisxliT gawmendisa Zvel ebraul Cveulebas mogvagonebs~ (vaJafSavela<br />
1964:238-239).<br />
10. antikur dramaSi sityvieri Serkineba (agoni) mniSvnelobiT<br />
iaraRiT Serkinebis adekvaturia. antikuri eposidan ki uamravi magaliTis<br />
moxmoba SeiZleba, rodesac orTabrZolamde an brZolis<br />
periodSi gmirebi sityvierad epaeqrebian erTmaneTs. am konteqstSi<br />
Zalian sainteresoa vaJa-fSavelas leqsi `kai yma~. am leqsSi poeti<br />
ayalibebs gmiris ideals, models. omiT gaxelebuli gmiri marto<br />
iaraRiT ki ar ibrZvis, aramed TvalebiTac. igi TvalebiT `gamowvelavs~<br />
mters sasicocxlo energias: `...Tvalebi Tvalebs swvelavdes~.<br />
aqve SeiZleba movigonoT mrisxanebisas metyvelebaSi xSirad<br />
gamoyenebuli gamonaTqvamebi: `SegWam~, `guli SemiWama~, `TvalebiT<br />
SeWama~ da a.S.<br />
142
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1960: vaJa-fSavela. leqsebi, poemebi moTxrobebi,<br />
piesebi. Tb.: sabWoTa mwerali~, 1960.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1964: vaJa-fSavela. publicisturi da eTnografiuli<br />
werilebi. t.IX. Tb.: 1964.<br />
bidermani 1996: Бидерманн Г. Энциклопедия символов. М.: "Республика", 1996.<br />
diumezili 1976: Дюмезиль Ж. Осетинский эпос и мифология. М.: 1976.<br />
enciklopedia 1999: Энциклопедия символов, знаков, эмблем. М.: "Локид",<br />
"Миф", 1996.<br />
kiknaZe 1978: kiknaZe gr. vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema. wignSi: literaturis<br />
Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi. Tb.: 1978.<br />
miTebi 1982: Мифы народов мира. Т. II. М.: "Советская энциклопедия", 1982.<br />
oniansi 1999: Онианс Р. На коленях богов. Перевод с английского. М.:<br />
"Прогресс-Традиция", 1999.<br />
Jirari 2000: Жирар Р. Насилие и священное. Перевод с французского. М.:<br />
"Новое литературное обозрение", 2000.<br />
tresideri 1999: Трессидер Дж. Словарь символов. М.: "Ффгк-прусс", 1999.<br />
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tb.: 1989.<br />
canava 2005: canava r. miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi antikur<br />
mwerlobaSi da qarTuli literaturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi.<br />
Tb.: `logosi~, 2005.<br />
xizaniSvili 2007: xizaniSvili m. amuletebis koleqcia saqarTvelos<br />
muzeumis aRmosavluri fondidan. eTnologiuri Ziebani, III,<br />
Tb.: 2007.<br />
herodote 1975: herodote. istoria. t.I, Zveli berZnulidan Targmna<br />
T. yauxCiSvilma. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1975.<br />
herci 1960: Herts R. The Pre-eminence of the Right Hand /A Study in<br />
Religious Polarity. Aberdeen 1960.<br />
143
eka CxeiZe<br />
144<br />
fausturi paradigma xalxur eposSi `eTeriani~ da<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poemaSi `eTeri~<br />
faustur literaturaSi sagangebodaa aRniSnuli, rom adamianis<br />
mier demonur ZalebTan xelSekrulebis dadeba Suasaukuneebis<br />
qristianul religiaSi ganxeTqilebis anareklia mxatvrul<br />
nawarmoebSi.<br />
Tavis Sedevrs `fausti~goeTem safuZvlad daudo legenda<br />
doqtor faustze, romelic germaniaSi arsebobda XVI saukunidan.<br />
legendis Tanaxmad, fausti Savi magi iyo, man suli mihyida<br />
eSmaks, ris safasuradac eSmaki yvela survilis Sesrulebas Sehpirda.<br />
rogorc mecnierebma gamoikvlies, doqtori fausti istoriuli<br />
pirovneba yofila, swavlobda haidelbergis universitetSi<br />
da erqva iohani. mis Sesaxeb XVI saukunidan mravali ucnauri<br />
ambavia gavrcelebuli. yvela es ambavi Seukrebia vinme<br />
iohan Sipss da 1587 wels wignad gamoucia goeTes mSobliur qalaqSi<br />
_ frankfurtSi. wignis mixedviT, fausti ampartavnebiT<br />
Sepyrobili RvTis moZule swavlulia, jadoqari, uzneo da garyvnili.<br />
sikvdilis Semdeg mis sxeuls eSmakebi daglejen, suls ki<br />
jojoxeTi STanTqavs.<br />
legendaruli doqtori fausti goeTem sxva kuTxiT warmoudgina<br />
sazogadoebas Tavis dramatul poemaSi. dadebiTi TvisebebiT<br />
Seamko goeTem Tavisi gmiri da ar moerida doqtor faustis<br />
Sesaxeb xalxSi gavrcelebul uaryofiT Sexedulebebs.<br />
mefistofelis gamoCeniT ki, romelic Savi ZaRlis pudelis<br />
saxiT Semoparuli faustis oTaxSi adamianebis siZulvili, ampartavneba,<br />
nihilizmi ifrqveva am personaJisagan mTeli Txzulebis<br />
manZilze. is pirdeba fausts yvela survilis asrulebas<br />
da sanacvlod srul morCilebas moiTxovs. fausti ambobs, Tuki
odesme mis cxovrebaSi dadgeba wami, rodesac fausti SesZaxebs:<br />
`SeCerdi, wamo, ra lamazi xar, ra mSvenieri~, maSin fausti uflebas<br />
miscems mefistofels gauyaros borkilebi da gaxdes misi<br />
batoni. mefistofeli sityvaze ar endoba fausts da CamorTmevs<br />
xelwerils (kalandariSvili 2008: 135-136).<br />
xalxur romanul eposSi `eTeriani~ SesaZloa marTlac aRmoCndes<br />
Taviseburi fausturi paradigma.<br />
murmans eTeri Seuyvardeba, rogorc adamians da ara rogorc<br />
av suls. piradad murmani uZluria CaSalos abesalomisa da<br />
eTeris bedniereba, amisTvis mas esaWiroeba damxmare Zala, romelsac<br />
eSmaki macilebis saxiT poulobs kidec. am bednierebis-<br />
Tvis is arafers iSurebs, `TviT sulsac~, e.i. amqveyniuri bednierebisTvis<br />
samudamo tanjvaze Tanxmdeba.<br />
murmani uaRresad saintereso saxea. is ar aris raime ideis<br />
ubralo gansaxiereba. amas mowmobs misi tragikuli gaazreba<br />
xalxis warmodgenaSi. asevea es motivi kanonzomieri faliaSvil-<br />
Tan, xolo kidev ufro metad vaJas poemaSi `eTeriani~.<br />
poemaSi `eTeri~ mefis vezirs Seres Seuyvardeba ufliswulis<br />
goderZis axladjvardaweili coli. `qalis siturfiT dabmul~<br />
da `guldakodil~ Seres `sicocxle eSaveTeba~. Sere, misive sityviT,<br />
`uflisgan gamometebulia~. mas gulSi Ralatiani eSmaki<br />
ujdeba. gurgen mefes gadawyvetili aqvs `ujiSo~ rZlis moSoreba.<br />
saqmis mogvarebas gamijnurebuli Sere kisrulobs. igi<br />
`ucxoeTs~ anu SaveTs miemgzavreba.<br />
cxra zRvasa, cxra mTas iqiTa,<br />
udaburs adgils, mTiansa,<br />
scxovrobda erTi beberi<br />
gamoqvabulsa kldiansa.<br />
gveli, Sxami da boroti,<br />
yvelas is aZlevs ziansa.<br />
qajebSi iyo gasuli<br />
145
146<br />
devTa da alTa Sorisa<br />
zemoTa TavSi CarTuli<br />
qars is aCenda da Rvarsa,<br />
setyvas da delgmas mexiTa,<br />
Tuki erTs daiwivlebda,<br />
an miwas scemda fexiTa.<br />
xmals moxrils zurgze dadgmulis<br />
eSmak-cxenais kexiTa.<br />
Savia, rogor naxSiri,<br />
rogorc fisi da kupria.<br />
`TqmulebaSic da vaJasTanac beberma, gulTmisanTa wesis kvalobaze,<br />
ician mis saufloSi moxvedrilTa gaWirvebis mizezi,<br />
Sere Tavad sTavazobs bebers Tavis suls. TqmulebaSi ki eSmaki<br />
moiTxovs murmanis (dedamisis) suls. eTerisTvis mZime senis Seyris<br />
saswulbrivi saSualeba TqmulebaSic da vaJasTanac fetvia.<br />
es ambavi xdeba cxra mTis gadaRma. setyvisa da delgmis gam-<br />
Ceni beberi am aspeqtiT fSav-xevsureTis dar-avdris gamgebel<br />
mdedrul da mamrul RvTaebebs enaTesaveba. misi gamoqvabulSi<br />
yofna da `gveliviT wivili~ xtonur arsebaTa atributebia, iseve<br />
rogorc siSave, mis qvesknelSi mkvidrobas migvaniSnebs. `avsuli<br />
beberi~ qajebTan, demonur ZalebTan, iyo wilnayari da<br />
swored amitom hqonda moxveWili grZneuleba. am bebers `codvebiT<br />
ver Saedreba qristes gamcemi uria~ da `uflisgan gametebuli~,<br />
e. i. RvTaebrivs ganSorebuli, gulSi eSmakSemjdari Serec<br />
masTan midis (Cxenkeli 1989: 145-146).<br />
fetvs mogcem devTa naTessa,<br />
mosulsa devTa Zvalada,<br />
is urwyavs sisxlsa kacTasa,<br />
devTagan naxmars wyalada.<br />
Sigve dedis rZe urevav
qajTi, macilTi kvalada,<br />
Sigvea ferfli im sulTa,<br />
Cven romelic gvxvda wilada.<br />
vinc Tavis meufesTana<br />
gamoCnda gawbilebuli<br />
Sigve lafia iudis<br />
qristes gamcemi sulisa<br />
da anafxeki sasyidlad<br />
mis miRebulis fulisa.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, warmarTuli demonebis rigs iudas saxe<br />
agvirgvinebs, riTac erTi mxriv, maTi identuroba, xolo meore<br />
mxriv, maTi eSmauroba da jojoxeTTan wilnayarobaa xazgasmuli.<br />
jado-wamlis mopovebis Semdeg SereSi iRviZebs qvecnobieri.<br />
es unda adardebdes am warmatebul kacs. poetma swored am plan-<br />
Si scada gmiris xasiaTis gaxsna, am gziT aCvena misi tragedia.<br />
danaSaulis simZimem unda gansazRvros Seres momavali, misi sasjelis<br />
zoma (qurdovaniZe 2011, 257).<br />
poeti Seres tragizms imiTac amZafrebs, rom cocxals tovebs,<br />
Tumca mxolod fizikuria es sicocxle. codvam Sere Wkuaze<br />
SeSala. misi sulieri drama da misive Semzaravi aRsasruli<br />
Rrma adamianur TanagrZnobas iwvevs mkiTxvelSi.<br />
`Sere goderZisa (poemiseuli abesalomi) da eTeris saflavebs<br />
Soris ki ar daimarxavs Tavs da eklis buCqad ki ar amoizrdeba<br />
miwidan, raTa erTmaneTisaken mimswrafi vardis buCqebi<br />
gahyaros, aramed jer gonebaze gadasuli da glaxakadqceuli<br />
daexeteba tye-RreSi, mere berebTan eZiebs sulier Svebas da,<br />
rakiRa sulis daSoSmineba misTvis samudamod miuwvdomelia,<br />
Tvalebs daiTxris, radganac naTelis xilvis Rirsad ara Tvlis<br />
Tavs:<br />
147
148<br />
mosZagda sinaTlis sinjva,<br />
mosZagda yvelaferia,<br />
dRes mxolod sibnele uyvars,<br />
ver naxos veraferia!<br />
msoflio mwerlobaSi TviTdasja sakuTari Tvalebis daTxriT<br />
_ raTa icocxlos, oRond dausruleblad itanjos _ martooden<br />
sofokles oidiposma gabeda da, ai, amdeni saukunis Semdeg<br />
vaJam es gansacvifrebeli saqcieli Tavis personaJs miawera~<br />
(CxeiZe: 1995, 46-47).<br />
murmanis xasiaTs CamoyalibebaSi rom siyvarulia mTavari<br />
motivi, amas adasturebs nawarmoebis finalic. gaigebs ra igi<br />
eTeris TviTmkvlelobas, TviTonac Tavs iklavs. am finaliT<br />
murmani Cveulebrivi uaryofiTi personaJidan tragikul personaJamde<br />
maRldeba.<br />
eSmakma gaacura murmani, suli gamostyua, siyvaruli ki ver<br />
moapovebina, radgan eSmaki is arseba ar aris, romelsac siyvarulis<br />
gacema SeeZlos. murmanis survili ganuxorcielebeli<br />
rCeba. eTeri misTvis sikvdilSic miuwvdomelia. mis saflavze<br />
amosuli ekali usiyvarulobis niSania. es aris murmanis tragedia,<br />
rasac araferi eSveleba. flobs ganZs da verc flobs<br />
(kiknaZe 2011: 76).<br />
goderZim Seres mouspo ocnebis aRsrulebis ukanaskneli imedi<br />
da amiT umZimes sulier mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. Tavis mxriv,<br />
vaJam Seres, rogorc sulgayiduls, suliT dacemuls, waarTva<br />
fizikuri sikvdilis ufleba da Tavisi pozicia personisadmi<br />
amiT gamoxata.<br />
eSmaki, romelTanac murmanma xelSekruleba dado, esqatologiuri<br />
qorwilis mteria... is xels uSlis axali cisa da axali<br />
miwis Seqmnas. mas surs, samaradisod gagrZeldes dacemuli soflis<br />
JamTa dineba... wuTisofelSi is udarajebs yovel murmans da<br />
ucdis Sesafer Jams, rom gamoiyenos igi Tavisi miznis misaRwe-
vad. eSmaks surs adamianis sulis xelSi Cagdeba. magram ufro<br />
metad mas surs, rom CaifuSos saboloo qorwili da samudamod<br />
gayaros erTmaneTs mefe da sZali. magram sabolood eSmaki uZluri<br />
gamodga. man mxolod murmanis suli Caigdo xelSi. qorwili<br />
ki ver CafuSa...<br />
TiTqos `eTerianis~ dasasruli tragikulia. siyvaruli amqveynad<br />
marcxdeba. magram misi meufeba gaaRwevs am wuTisoflis<br />
miRma, sadac xdeba gayrilTa SeerTeba. amis niSani maT saflavebze<br />
amosuli ia da vardia. amodis maT Soris ekalic... magram<br />
gaivlis vinme gamvleli da amoZirkvavs ekals (kiknaZe 2011: 80).<br />
fausti kvdeba. mefistofeli mouxmobs jojoxeTis Zalebs,<br />
raTa daixmaros faustis sulis jojoxeTSi gasataceblad. mar-<br />
Tlac, ikribebian Winkebi, ixsneba jojoxeTis xaxa, magram gamoCndeba<br />
ciuri mxedroba da cad amaRldeba faustis ukvdavi nawiliTurT.<br />
satana gaognebulia. zecaSi erT-erTi dasjilTagani<br />
uerTdeba monanie qajebis sulebs. es greThenis sulia. ase xvdeba<br />
maradisobaSi greThenis suli faustis suls.<br />
`faustis dasasruli faqtobrivad warmoadgens adamianisadmi<br />
RvTis ndobis gamarTlebas _ tragediis prologis mixedviT,<br />
faustis cxovrebam daadastura RvTis sityvebi, rom `gulmrTeli<br />
adamiani, gindac gaebas eSmakis qselSi, mainc naTel gzas<br />
gaignebs bnelSi~ (kalandariSvili 2008: 153).<br />
149
damowmebani:<br />
bardaveliZe 1969: bardaveliZe j. qarTuli folklori. III, Tb.:<br />
`mecniereba~, 1969.<br />
kalandariSvili 2008: kalandariSvili g. saubrebi msoflio<br />
literaturis Sedevrebze. Tb.: `zani~, 2008.<br />
kiknaZe 2001: kiknaZe z. qarTuli xalxuri eposi. Tb. `logos presi~,<br />
2001.<br />
qurdovaniZe 1974: qurdovaniZe T. eTeriani. Tb. Tsu<br />
gamomcemloba, 1974.<br />
qurdovaniZe 2011: qurdovaniZe T. vaJa-fSavela da qarTuli<br />
folklori. Tb.: universitetis gamomcemloba, 2011.<br />
CxeiZe 1995: CxeiZe r. murmanis tragedia. Tb.: `lomisi~, 1995.<br />
Cxenkeli 1989: Cxenkeli T. mSvenieri mZlevari. Tb.: `merani~, 1989.<br />
xalxuri sibrZne 1964: xalxuri sibrZne. qarTuli eposi. III, Tb.<br />
`nakaduli~, 1964.<br />
<strong>150</strong>
amiran arabuli<br />
mTis, arwivisa da aragvis realuri da simboluri<br />
ganzomilebani vaJa-fSavelas mxatvrul naazrevSi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mxatvrul xilvebsa Tu poetur saxeTa sistema-<br />
Si, sxvasTan erTad, konceptualuri datvirTva eniWeba sam fenomens,<br />
sam sagnobriv ganzomilebas. esenia: mTa, arwivi da<br />
aragvi.<br />
samive maTgans sakuTvno adgili ukavia maRla mxedi mwerlis<br />
TavisTavad poeziasa da prozaSi. maT gareSe vaJas uaRresad<br />
Rrma da saxieri mxatvruli samyaro Zalze Zneli warmosadgenia.<br />
TiTqos TviTeuli _ mTac, arwivic da aragvic _ imisTvisaa mowodebuli,<br />
rom avtors tvirTi Seumsubuqon da Tavad gaaJReron<br />
is tkiviliani saTqmeli, rac qveynisa Tu individis Sinagani<br />
suverenitetis saniazo cnebasTan aris asocirebuli...<br />
modgma da genetikuri kodic Tavisas ambobs: vaJa-fSavela<br />
xom iq daibada da eziara garemomcveli bunebis miuwvdomel<br />
idumalebas, sadac mWmunvare saxis `Saupovari~ mTa, `cis pirT<br />
mavalni~ arwivni da `giJmaJi~ aragvi erT ganuyofel, gamaogneblad<br />
diad sinamdviles qmnian; sinamdviles, romlis Semxedvare<br />
da moyuriade adamianis arsebaSi Zalauneburad iSmuSneba da<br />
iRviZebs wadili da wyurvili sulieri silaRisa, simTelisa da<br />
SeuzRudavi Tavisuflebisken Zalumi swrafvisa.<br />
arwivi da aragvi, garkveuli azriT, mTis pirmSoebi, `monateSarni~,<br />
misi `uZRebi~ Svilebi da aRzrdilebi arian, rac, rasakvirvelia,<br />
amZafrebs da afarToebs maT pasuxismgeblobas<br />
gulmowyale mSoblis mimarT. isini Rirseulad asruleben im<br />
sapatio misias, rac mSobelma ganuwesa: ZalRonis dauzogavad<br />
ibrZvian eSmaur Zalebze sikeTis saboloo gamarjvebisTvis,<br />
pirmetyvelTa sulieri ganwmendisa da amaRlebisTvis...<br />
151
mTa gansakuTrebuli subieqti (mxolodRa mere _ obieqti) da<br />
sididea vaJas poeziaSi. realur sibrtyeSi is unapiro empiriuli<br />
samyaros organiuli nawilia, mxilvels Tavisi `cadawvdilobiT~<br />
rom xiblavs da imonebs, xolo simboluri sazrisiT mas-<br />
Tan madlmosileba, sociumis bedze fiqri, cisa da miwis mekavSireoba,<br />
Suamavloba da adamis modgmis sayovelTao gasulovnebaa<br />
dakavSirebuli.<br />
mTebi vaJas xilvebSi xandaxan meomrebsac emsgavsebian, er-<br />
Tguli ZmebiviT `erTurTze miqadlebulni~ gan-gan rom `daeyrebian~<br />
xolme da SaviT Semosilni saxvalio fiqrs nislis _ TavianTi<br />
`kacobis gvirgvinis~ _ saxiT avlenen da amJRavneben. ∗<br />
mTebisTvis adamianuri niSan-Tvisebebis miwera maTi sidinjis,<br />
gonivrulobisa da seriozulobis gancdas acxovelebs, gancdas,<br />
romelSic dardi da varami Warbobs sicocxlis sixarulsa<br />
da sixalises. isini zogjer `sudaraCacmulni~ dganan da mware<br />
fiqrs maspinZloben; xan kidev pirbades aixsnian da ZiliT gaumaZRarni<br />
`gulgrilad icqirebian~...<br />
uenpiro bunebis cocxlad, moZravad, gansulierebulad xedva<br />
da `sinjva~ vaJa-fSavelas saxismetyvelebiTi azrovnebis Tandayolili<br />
Tviseba da imanenturi niSania. amitomac aRiqmeba<br />
bunebrivad mTebis mimarT SerCeuli da moxmobili tropuli saxeebi:<br />
`pirquSi~, `uStari~, `tiali~, `oboli~, `ubinadro~.<br />
mTebis da mdinaris adamianuri aspeqtis mkveTri konturebis<br />
warmoCenis TvalsazrisiT aseve ubadloa xalxuri poezia, sadac<br />
yovelive moCqare movlenaTa svlisa da cvalebadobis dauoke-<br />
bel dinamikas eqvemdebareba: `mTaTa dawures cremlebi, astexes niaRvario,<br />
midis, miangrevs klde-RreTa, brazobs arxotis wyalio...~<br />
xolo ZiriTadi vizualuri mxare da maxasiaTebeli, rac mTas<br />
reliefis sxva `wevrTagan~ gamohyofs da gamoarCevs, misi simaR-<br />
∗ naamagar meomrebad mTebis warmosaxva aseve Cveuli movlenaa vaJas prozaSi:<br />
`...zeviT utyeo, SiSveli mTebi Tavebs iburavden janRiT, TiTqos naomarni<br />
arian, xmliT daWrilni da wylulebs ixveveno...~<br />
152
lea. `mTis mwvervalis~ sakanTielo simaRle, romlis Sexeba<br />
arwivsac ki uZneldeba xolme, poetis gulSi siamayis aRmaval<br />
gancdas aRvivebs. simaRle, geografiuli gagebiT, is Tvalxiluli<br />
vertikaluri polusia, romelic RvTiuri madlisa da Zalmosilebis<br />
garkveul xarisxs esatyviseba: rac ufro maRalia<br />
mTa, miT metad axloa RvTis sauflosTan.<br />
vaJa `zvavTa naRari~ mTebis ucvalebeli simaRlis momRerali<br />
da apologetia: `Tqveni Wirime, hoi, mTebo, qedawvdilebo<br />
zecada~; `miyvarxarT mitom, rom xarT maRlebi...~<br />
mTa, mTielTa eTnokulturaSi, amqveyniuri didebis xiluli<br />
xatia.<br />
qarTvelTa msoflgancda qarizmatul mTas RmerTebisa da<br />
RvTisSvilebis sabinadrod da sarbielad saxavs.<br />
qarTuli TeogoniiT, morige RmerTma gergetis mTaze `gadmouSvna~<br />
RvTisnasaxni, saidanac moxda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
kuTxeebSi maTi `wargzavna~.<br />
mTebze, sulierebis siWarbiT aRbeWdil udabur adgilebze,<br />
ikideben `koWs~ da arsdebian saTemo Tu satomo salocavebi,<br />
jvar-xatebi, qristianuli taZrebi...<br />
mTa sakraluri siwmindiTaa ganaTluli da gamSvenebuli, vinaidan<br />
mas ukavSirdeba uflis gamocxadeba da feriscvaleba...<br />
vaJa-fSavela utyuari poeturi intuiciiT wvdeboda da ki-<br />
Txulobda mTebis wiaRSi damarxul bevr saidumlos; acnobierebda<br />
mTebis simbolur mniSvnelobas, gonebiT auxsnel transcendentul<br />
Sinaarss da zegardmo niWis wyalobiT qmnida maTi<br />
arsisa da vizualis variaciul saxesxvaobebs.<br />
gr. kiknaZis TqmiT, vaJa `mTaSi mxolod mTas ar xedavs~, mis-<br />
Tvis `mTa amosavalia, raTa didi da sayovelTao mniSvnelobis<br />
sakiTxebi dasvas~.<br />
erTia realuri mTa, Tavisi konfiguraciiT, quCiT, yvaviliT,<br />
wyaroTi Tu niaviT, romelsac vaJa siymawvilidan vidre sicocxlis<br />
miwurulamde Sexaroda, eruduneboda da aRmerTebda<br />
153
(`ram gagaCinaT, netara, Cemferis kacis bedada...~), xolo meore<br />
is, ufro gadataniT-alegoriul gagebas rom iTavsebs da mTel<br />
Tavis upirates Rirebulebriv mniSvnelobas rCeuli personaJebis<br />
cxovrebiseuli gzebis tragikul xveulebTan mimarTebaSi<br />
asacnaurebs.<br />
mTa sivrcis vertikaluri RerZis is myari safexuria, saidanac<br />
SesaZlebelia RmerTTan mokvdavis laparaki...<br />
`mTas viyav, mwvervalze videg, TvalT win mefina qveyana,<br />
gulzed mesvena mze-mTvare, vlaparakobdi RmerTTana...~<br />
uzenaesTan uSualo Sinagani kontaqti erTeulTa, dasaz-<br />
Rvrul adamianur SesaZleblobaTa farglebidan gasul gandobilTa<br />
da iniciaciagavlilTa xvedria. es, erTdroulad, umaRles<br />
bednierebasTan ziarebasac gulisxmobs da udides pirovnul<br />
pasuxismgeblobasac RvTisa da eris winaSe. gulze mzemTvariani<br />
gmiri araa rigiTi persona. is `nawiliania~, wildebuli<br />
samyaros SemoqmedTan da, amdenad, sagangebo sabrZolo mzaoba<br />
da sifrTxile marTebs `Wiriani cxorvebis~ uswormasworo<br />
gzebze siarulisas.<br />
mTa, romlis mwvervalidan leqsis lirikuli gmiri bnel xev-<br />
Si eSveba, kacebrivi aRmasvlisa da warmatebis apoTeozia.<br />
leqsSi ar Cans, `ganumartavia~, ra codvisa Tu Secdomis gamo<br />
daeca da daenarcxa miwas protagonisti. da saTqmeli, rac mcire<br />
moculobis nawarmoebma ver daitia, mravalSriani filosofiuri<br />
gansjis sagnad iqca poema `gvelismWamelSi~: rwmenis Ralati<br />
da gamCenisgan gansazRvrul mowodebasTan Seorgulebaa mizezi<br />
imisa, rasac misani da sulier-usuloTa gulTamxilavi<br />
mindia TviTmkvlelobamde mihyavs...<br />
vaJa-fSavela binadaria im kurTxeuli mTisa, romlis meSveobiT<br />
xSirad mieaxleba qveynierebis mfarvel usxeulo Zalas.<br />
anonim metoqeebTan ukompromiso paeqrobaSi poeti ganacxadebs:<br />
`magram gavigebT erTxelac, vin axlos vdgevarT RmerT-<br />
Tana~. sxva leqsSi ki amas inatrebs: `ar damiSalon mimosvla<br />
154
RmerTTan am grZnobis xidiTa~... sagulisxmoa Tvi stomTa sityvebi,<br />
rwmenagabzarul, avis molodiniT SemsWvalul mindias rom<br />
eubnebian `gvelismWamelSi~: `Cvena gvwam, Senac xom ici, rom hlaparakob<br />
RmerTTana...~ da am kuTxiT qajTa natyvevari ucnauri<br />
gmiri, SeiZleba iTqvas, TviT avtoris alter egoa, vinc movlo,<br />
moixila adamianuri didebis mwvervalebi da imis gamo, rom ver<br />
SeZlo misTvis dadgenili cxovrebis wesis bolomde dacva, axla<br />
`Tav-Tavqve~ eSveba...<br />
gvelsmWamelis, rogorc Tanatomelebisgan gansxvavebuli da<br />
ganapirebuli gmiris saxli `frialo kldis Tavs dga~, baniT `cas<br />
ebjineba~ da irgvliv `srulis taniT~ ayrili didroni mTebi<br />
Semojarulan.<br />
mTebTan mimarTebaSi icdeba da saCinovdeba mindias buneba,<br />
fsiqikuri wyoba da sacxovrebiso orientacia: Tormetwlian<br />
tyveobaSi `Tavisi CamoTovnili mTebi~ agondeboda, xolo umwvavesad<br />
kritikul periodSi, Sinagani gaxleCvisa da gaorebis umZimes<br />
pirobebSi, roca saSveli ar Canda da arc sadme nugeSis natamali<br />
WaWanebda, amgvarad warmoisaxa misi usasoo, gamouvali<br />
mdgomareoba: `mTaT ro Sexeda maRalTa, daiqviTina mwareda...~<br />
mTis gulmkerdze gmiris moZraobis mimarTulebac migvaniSnebs<br />
mis raobasa da rogorobas: mindia daeca da fexs `mowamluli~<br />
xevisken aRirebs, raTa xevsurebi iq dauxvdnen qistebis<br />
laSqars, xolo aluda qeTelauri, vinc, fizikuri marcxisda miuxedavad,<br />
sulierad gaimarjva humanizmis umaRles idealebTan<br />
mwyralad myof konservatiul Temze, jalabTan erTad aRma miuyveba<br />
Tovlian mTas.<br />
`stumar-maspinZelis~ finalSic xom `kldis Tavs~ ikribebian<br />
miRma soflad gardamxdar gmirTa aCrdilebi da cecxlis mkrTal<br />
Suqze vaJkacobisas da `erTurTis dandobisas~ amboben...<br />
zusti da sagulisxmoa Tamaz Cxenkelis dakvirveba: `aluda<br />
zeaRmavali gmiria, mindia qvedaRmavali. aluda titanuri ZalisxmeviT<br />
arRvevs sazogadoebis daxSul moralsa da religiis<br />
155
gaqvavebul dogmebs. universalur RmerTTan ziarebuli igi<br />
zekacur Tavisuflebas ixveWs. xolo zekacur codnasa da bunebis<br />
saidumlosTan wilnayari mindia hkargavs RvTaebriv zecnobas,<br />
raki sazogadoebaSi cxovreba SeuZlebels xdis mis Senar-<br />
Cunebas da Tavissave TavSi tragikulad damarcxebuli Tavs<br />
iklavs~.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poetur wiaRsvlebsa da meditaciebSi mTebis<br />
saxe kidev erTi sayuradRebo rakursiT ikveTeba: es gaxlavT<br />
urTierToba barTan. da aq, mTis da baris uvrces sarbielze,<br />
xalxi ar Cans, Zexorcieli ar iZvris. poeti erTmaneTTan asaubrebs<br />
cocxali samyaros or umSvenieres (gavixsenoT: `mTasa aqvs<br />
Tavis Sveneba, xolo barsa aqvs baruli...~) nawils da am saubarSi<br />
TavisTavad ivaraudeba maT mkvidrTa aqtiuri monawileoba...<br />
mTa, raxan maRalia, upiratesad Tvlis Tavs, qedmaRlobs,<br />
guldidobs da `cerad dahyurebs~ bars, rac neitraluri piris,<br />
anu, am SemTxvevaSi avtoris, ukmayofilebas iwvevs. is Seaxsenebs<br />
mTas, rom safuZvlad bari aqvs, bars eyrdnoba da windauxedavi<br />
dapirispireba saerTo saqmes sasikeTod ver waadgeba...<br />
lirikaSi dasmuli es erovnuli problma JReradobis kulminacias<br />
poema `baxtrionSi~, zezvas danabarebSi aRwevs: `ubarod,<br />
gana ar iciT, mTanic rom vera gvaroben...~<br />
mTa da bari erTi sxeulis ori sruluflebiani nawilia, horizontalur<br />
WrilSi _ marjvena da marcxena, anda piruku, romelTa<br />
harmoniuli Tanaarseboba da SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba winapiroba<br />
da garantia qveynis Seuvalobisa, monoliTuri erTianobisa,<br />
fizikuri simtkicisa da Zlierebisa... amitomac uTvlis<br />
bari mTebs: `erTobis gzaze viaroT, kerZoobis gza finTia...~ da<br />
roca ers danawevrebisa da daZabunebis safrTxe Camouqrolebs,<br />
mwerlis moumcdari alRo da gumani umal agnebs arasaxarbielo<br />
situaciis umTavres mizezs: `...da sworad ar miutanes bars mTisa<br />
danabarebi...~<br />
156
im myar, mdgrad, maradiul fenomenTagan, droTa cvlas rom<br />
ar eqvemdebarebian da rCebian imadve, rac uxsovari drois winaT<br />
iyvnen, vaJas msoflxedvaSi sawinao, saufroso adgili mTebs<br />
aqvT mikuTvnebuli.<br />
buneba warbSeuxrelad dgas da, miuxedavad qveynad arsebuli<br />
didi codva-bralisa, `mainc mSvidi da mSvidia~. nislebic `Zve-<br />
lebriv dian~ TavianTi `ucvalebeli wesiT~... da yovelive es savse-<br />
biT kanonzomieria, vinaidan `vnebaTa igiveoba wesia dedamiwisa...~<br />
samwuxaroa kacTa sicocxlis simokle (`droni wavlen da<br />
Cvenc wavalT, moTqma mohyveba moTqmasa...~), Tumca genioss aqac<br />
SeuZlia ulmobeli realobisTvis Tvalis gasworeba, garduvalobis<br />
miReba, aRiareba da sityvaSi im silamazis ganivTeba,<br />
`Jamis bardabar~ erTsa da aTas wels Tanabari warmatebiT rom<br />
gauZlebs da gadaurCeba: `me waval, aqve darCeba qedi maRlisa<br />
mTisao, sxva yvela cvalebadia, ucvalebia isao, cocxalT<br />
TvalT salaRobeli rogor amyad zisao...~<br />
* * *<br />
lugumi da uferuli iqneboda mTebis yofa, sasurveli arsebani<br />
rom ar amSvenebdnen mis ube-kalTas.<br />
yvelaze xSiri, sanatreli da davlaTiani stumari, romelsac<br />
ZilquSidan gamohyavs mTebi, arwivia.<br />
frTosanTa mefis gamoCena sxvarigi RelviT aCqrolebs<br />
sisxls mTebis ZarRvebSi.<br />
`mTani maRalnis~ mixedviT, arwivia is mamaci, lamazi da Seupovari<br />
Sikriki, RmerTs rom atyobinebs mTaTa ambebs. da roca<br />
arwivi dasTamaSebs Tavze, mTebis gulSi sanTlebi inTeba...<br />
arwivi, xalxis rwmeniT, `RvTis qaTamia~ da, amdenad, dauSvebelia<br />
misi mokvla.<br />
157
miTebsa da arqaul TqmulebebSi is RvTaebaTa da saxelmoxveWil<br />
gmirTa zoomrofuli saxea. arwivi, amasTan, mzis myoli<br />
frinvelia, ganmasaxierebeli gambedaobisa da simamacisa...<br />
samagaliToa misi `sworfroba~ da megobroba monadiresTan.<br />
sarCos ar eZebs iq, sadac wili ar uZevs (`...magram sxvis mokluls<br />
ara sWams...~). samagierod, TanamgrZnobelia xelmocaruli monadirisa<br />
da, misebr uwurTni, ver guobs usamarTlobas.<br />
vaJas moTxrobaSi `Seyvarebuli~ arwivisadmi monadiris swored<br />
amgvari damokidebuleba, didbunebovnad damTmobluri poziciaa<br />
gamokveTili: `...arwivo, arwivo, didebulo frinvelo, ra<br />
mSvenieri rama xar! nuTu ar gaxsovs, ramdenjer nadirobis dros<br />
axlo Semxvedrixar kldeze, muxaze mjdomare da SenTvis Tofi<br />
ar misrolia. ramdenjer nanadirevi mWeria klanWebSi, magram ar<br />
Segcilebivar, _ egec monadireao, miTqvams , rogorc Tavisi<br />
Tavi miyvars, ise Sen; Tu Tavis Tavs gavimetebdi mosaklavad,<br />
egrev Tu Sen...~<br />
svani monadirec xom msgavs tonalobaSi elaparakeba da dastiris<br />
uTur-mTaze uneblied moklul, tandazolil, aborgebu-<br />
li mdinaris Ronis mqone totemur cxovels _ ulamazes vefxvs...<br />
vaJa-fSavelas samyaro, figuralurad rom vTqvaT, mxarkveriani<br />
arwivis frTebiTaa mozomili da SemosazRvruli.<br />
arwivis mzeris badalia poetis xedvac: misi Tvalsawieric<br />
xom mSobliuri mTebis mTel sasrul Tu usasrulo sivrces moicavs,<br />
dawyebuli frialo kldeebiT, mdinareebiT, varskvlaviani<br />
ciT da damTavrebuli uRran tyeSi mosuli Talxkaba iiT,<br />
Svlis nukriT da grili wyaroTi...<br />
calsaxaa poetis gulSematkivruli damokidebuleba nebismier<br />
cocxal arsebasTan, mRilTan da mRoRavTan, gvritTan,<br />
kakabTan, ofofTan Tu wiflisCitasTan, magram sruliad sxvaa<br />
misi mimarTeba arwivTan, vinaidan masSi eguleba is Zala da Se-<br />
marTeba, dabeCavebul kacTaTvis misabaZ magaliTad rom gamodgeba.<br />
158<br />
arwivis TvalebSi `Zala sulisa~ weria.
es xiblavs Semoqmeds.<br />
amitomac ambobs: `aTi aTass sjobs treds, kakabs marto<br />
arwivis Tvalebi...~<br />
ramdenime leqsSi aqcenti arwivis asakzea dasmuli (`mTas<br />
ijda beri arwivi~, `uxdeba bebers arwivsa...~, `erTi beberi arwivi<br />
zeiT WiuxSi wyreboda...~), rac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos:<br />
mas, rogorc frinvelTa Taosans, bevri ram evaleba da moeki-<br />
Txeba. is, Zveli xevisberis darad, sxvaTa Semwecaa, msajulic da<br />
mebrZolic. da yovelive amaSi gamocdileba sWiria... erT-erT<br />
werilSi vaJa aRniSnavs, rom `siberis erTaderTi sikeTe gamocdilebaa~<br />
da arwivs, romelic mTaze zis anda `kldis Tavzed<br />
dasZinebia~, swored es gamocdileba sZens gansakuTrebul simZimesa<br />
da sidarbaisles, anu im savaldebulo Tvisebebs, rac samwysos<br />
patronsa da winamZRols unda axasiaTebdes.<br />
sagmiro xalxur poeziaSic, upirveles yovlisa, kai ymebis<br />
mfarvelobiTi funqciaa pedalirebuli, miTufro maSin, roca<br />
maT epiTetad `arwivi~ figurirebs. arwivi anu mamaci moymea is<br />
nugeSi da cixe-simagre, sakuTari frTebiT rom umyudrovebs<br />
uamindobaSi moxvedrilT: `TqvenTan mewada, arwivno, sma-Wama,<br />
lxini grZelia, ra udaroba dagvidgas, damafarnidiT Tbenia...~<br />
vaJas poetur xilvebSi arwivi maxaroblis funqciasac iTavsebs<br />
da kacobriobas RvTivsaTno aqtis aRsrulebas atyobinebs:<br />
`simarTlis gamarjvebasa mTaze arwivi yiodes, mec mas bans veubnebode,<br />
guli aRara mtkiodes...~<br />
simbolur-alegoriulia leqsi `arwivi~.<br />
mkvlevarTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom es nawarmoebi avtobiografiulia<br />
da peterburgSi realurad momxdar incidents exmianeba,<br />
xolo meoreTa azriT, daWrili arwivi damonebuli samSoblos<br />
mxatvruli saxea.<br />
piraduli SemTxvevis donemde dayvana leqss uqveiTebs da<br />
ukargavs zogadobis muxtsa da rezonanss, rac masSi namdvilad<br />
Zevs da moiazreba. yvav-yornebSi, logikis ZaliT da karnaxiT,<br />
159
saqarTvelos farul Tu aSkara mtrebs unda gulisxmobdes avtori<br />
da ara im SarisTavebs, romlebTanac ZmasTan _ giorgis-<br />
Tan _ erTad, muStikrivis gamarTva mouwia ruseTSi saswavleblad<br />
myofs.<br />
moiarebiTi miniSneba saqarTvelos avbediT yofaze qarTvel<br />
klasikosTa SemoqmedebiTi praqtikis Tanmdevi Taviseburebaa.<br />
datyvevebuli satrfos xatsa Tu kavkasionze mijaWvuli<br />
amiranis saxes `gulispirs sisxliani~ arwivic emateba, rogorc<br />
erTob originaluri da eqspresiuli mxatvruli Sesatyvisi imperiis<br />
`brWyalebSi~ mborgavi qveynisa... Sors rom ar wavideT,<br />
`baxtrionis~ dasasrulic xom raRaciT msgavsi saxismetyvelebiTi<br />
SinaarsiTaa datvirTuli: vaJas erTma uswavlelma fSavelma<br />
hkiTxa, daWril luxumSi, romelsac laSaris gorze `Sadgoma~<br />
unda eRirsos, saqarTvelos Tavisuflebas ara gulisxmobo,<br />
razedac man upasuxa, iqneba vgulisxmobdeo!..<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoebac: lirikuli leqsi,<br />
Zalze xSirad, ambisa Tu movlenis moxdenisTanave, maleve, emociis<br />
ganelebamde, `cxel kvalze~ iwereba.<br />
vaJa-fSavela peterburgidan 1884 wels dabrunda, xolo<br />
`arwivi~ 1887 wliTaa daTariRebuli...<br />
vaJasTvis samwliani intervali sulac ar iqneboda saWiro,<br />
ucxoobaSi nawvnevi simware (Tumc Tavad gaimarjva!) leqsis<br />
striqonebad rom aemetyvelebina...<br />
samSoblos bed-ubedoba da momavali yovelTvis iyo vaJas<br />
mfeTqavi, mduRare, intensiuri fiqris sagani. damoukideblobisaTvis<br />
brZolaSi gabeduli nabijebic gadaudgams, fSav-xevsureTis<br />
winamZRolobac ganuzraxavs da araerovnuli xelisuflebisTvisac<br />
daumaxsovrebia Tavi, rogorc miznisken mimaval gzaze<br />
uSiSarsa da Seudrekel mamuliSvils, saxelovani da saamayo<br />
winaprebis Rirseul memkvidres.<br />
160
daWrili arwivis raobisa Tu vinaobis rkvevis procesSi<br />
mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia 1915 wels dawerili leqsi `pasuxad~,<br />
romelic gandegilsa (d. erisTavs) da Sio mRvimels eZRvneba.<br />
vaJa megobrebsa da Tanamoazreebs mimarTavs, rom maT mier<br />
uwyebulma ambavma _ `gaumTeldao wylulebi arwivs dakodils<br />
mxarSia~ _ ise gaaxara, `fexis frCxilebSi gaJona JrJolam,<br />
dakrulma TavSia~.<br />
saubari exeba RalatiT gzaSi daWril arwivs, droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
wylulebi rom gamTelebia, mklavSi momagrebula, `uWirveliviT~<br />
dauwyia yaSyaSi da `daufantia frinvelni~.<br />
eWvs ar unda iwvevdes, rom dafantul frinvelebSi avznian<br />
yvav-yornebs gulisxmobs poeti. arwivs uwyinar frTosnebTan,<br />
kacma rom Tqvas, gasarCevi da gasayofi ra unda hqonoda!..<br />
rac ar unda konkretuli avtobiografiuli detalebi Candes,<br />
msjelobis xazi iqiTken ixreba, rom sisxliani gulispiriT<br />
yvav-yornebTan meomari arwivi saqarTveloa.<br />
avtors, TanamedroveTa mogonebebis Tanaxmad, gamorCeulad<br />
uyvarda `arwivi~ da, baCanas `muxasTan~ erTad, yvelaze xSirad<br />
am leqss kiTxulobda dReobebSi, sajaro wveulebebze, literaturul<br />
saRamoebze...<br />
mravalnairia arwivis `manifestaciis~ grafikuli forma da<br />
garemoeba vaJas mxatvrul naazrevSi: is xan caSi curavs da edemis<br />
vardiviT hyvavis, xanac Ronieri frTebis farfaSiT ufskrulebs<br />
aTvalierebs, xan kidev gaCqarebuli modis da `mohyefs<br />
gzaze~, raTa misi sabudaris dasakuTrebis gamo erTurTs wakidebul<br />
yvavsa da yorans `Seuwonari~ sibriyve ananos...<br />
poets arwivi warmoudgenia im mgebrad da megzurad, suleTSi<br />
Sesul kai ymas win rom unda wauZRves da marTalTa saukuno<br />
samyofeli miaswavlos.<br />
arwivi, romelsac vaJam winaprebTan pirurcxvnelad warmdgar<br />
moymeTa damxvdurobis pativic arguna wilad, maTive heroikuli<br />
mxatvruli naturis mZerwavi atributia xalxur po-<br />
161
eziaSi: `samuka SiSiaTai arwivi memomario...~ `Coxs daibada arwivi,<br />
amboben cota xnisasa~... `TaTarT TaTara omobda, arwivi<br />
mxarkveriani...~ `kiviliT gadaiares arwivTa daTvisjvario...~<br />
Rirseulia sicocxle arwivisa.<br />
lamazia misi sikvdilic...<br />
`arwivis sikvdilic vaJkacuria, _ vkiTxulobT moTxrobaSi<br />
`arwivi~. _ sulis dalevis dros igi mainc ara hkargavs siamayes,<br />
mamacad abrialebs Tvalebs~.<br />
Rrmaazrovania es moTxroba: Tavis arwivul mrwamsTan Tu<br />
sicocxlis sazrisTan pirSercxvenil da Tavmoyvareobadakargul<br />
arwivs swored im wams imsxverplebs tyvia, roca `maRlis<br />
mTis mwvervalidan~ barad Casuli, damSeuli da dauZlurebuli<br />
leSis Wamas daapirebs...<br />
mZors daxarbebuli frinvelTa mefe, vaJasave naTqvami rom<br />
moviSvelioT, `saeldo sanaxavia~, vinaidan aseTi ram misi moralisa<br />
da zneobis normebSi ar `jdeba~. uniaTo da dabeCavebuli<br />
mebrZolis naxvis survili mwerals aRar aqvs. misTvis meobauqoneli<br />
arseba `sicocxliT sikvdiliani~ kacis badalia. amitomaa<br />
ganaCeni wyevlasaviT mkacri da dammunaTebeli: `...numc minaxia<br />
arwivi, Sno aRar hqondes omisa!..~<br />
aRiniSna, rom arwivi xalxis zepir SemoqmedebaSi RvTaebaTa<br />
zoomorfuli saxea.<br />
vaJa-fSavela ara marto sargeblobda fSav-xevsureTis Zvel-<br />
TuZvelesi miTebiTa da gadmocemebiT, miuyveboda nacnob, nacad<br />
gzas, TviTonac qmnida axal poetur paradigmebsa da arqetipul<br />
mxatvrul sinamdviles.<br />
Tavisi ymisa da msaxuris mfarvel RvTisSvilad arwivis warmosaxvis<br />
mxriv iwvevs interess moTxroba `beriZe gautexeli~.<br />
bunebis stiqiasTan WidiliT daRlil-daqancul xevisbers<br />
uxilavad `Sesjdomia~ mxrebSi `mfarveli arwivi~ da kapas<br />
amindTan brZolas uadvilebs.<br />
162
xolo manamde: `...xalxi beriZeze imasac ambobda, roca gaemar-<br />
Teboda salaSqroda, wauZRveboda win laSqars xelSi droSiT<br />
qisteTis dasarbevad an saxlidan xatSi wavidoda samsaxuris<br />
asasruleblad, mudam xevisbers caSi Tavze dahbrunavs uzarmazari<br />
arwivio da arc daanebebs Tavs, vidre daniSnul alagas ar<br />
miaRwevso...~<br />
Tuki xalxur narativebSi mTianeTis romelime kuTxis, konkretuli<br />
Tem-soflis, saymosa Tu calkeuli individis damxmare<br />
lokalur RvTaebas umTavresad mtredi ganasaxierebs da masve<br />
ukavSirdeba samlocveloTa dasaxvisa da daarsebis andrezebi,<br />
vaJam, Tanamedrove terminologias rom davesesxoT, modernistuli<br />
midgoma gamoiCina tradiciuli folkloruli repertuaris<br />
mimarT da nacvlad mtredad transformirebuli lokaluri<br />
RvTaebisa, arwivi warmogvidgina gansacdelSi Cavardnili<br />
meomrisa da kultis msaxuris Semwed...<br />
soflur jafasa da WapanwyvetaSi, jalabis rCenasa da Senaxvaze<br />
fiqrSi, mudmiv materialur siviwrovesa da uqonlobaSi<br />
gadioda vaJa-fSavelas cxovreba.<br />
xalxSi trialebda da Tavmartoobis gancda tanjavda.<br />
ar Canda garegan `uCnevari~ tkivilis gamgebi.<br />
yvelaze metad maSin umZimda, roca STagonebac miinavleboda;<br />
STagoneba, arwivis metyvel xatad rom warmoedgina da mouTmenlad<br />
eloda mis gamoCenas, fexbednier stumrobas. misTvis arwivi<br />
ganasaxierebda sulis Relvas, mRviZarebas, im arasadag mdgomareobas,<br />
roca Semoqmedi sakuTar Tavs aRar ekuTvnis, amaRlebuli<br />
da aRmatebulia mokvdavobaze; roca RvTaebriv xelTa da<br />
RabuST miemsgavseba da `qveynis sakeTildReo~ fiqriT aRvsili<br />
RmerTTan laparaks iwyebs...<br />
`aRar mestumra arwivi, aRar damyefa Tavzeda, aRarc ro kargi<br />
malaRebs, aRarca vjavrob avzeda...~<br />
aseT dros samyaro bindiT ibureba, Tvalsawiers Ramis siSave<br />
ereva da faravs, iSleba da ixafreba gza da biliki, mZlavrobs<br />
163
dardi da uimedoba, cxovreba azrs kargavs da poetis yofaSi<br />
Zneli periodi dgeba.<br />
madldaleuli kaci da, isic Semoqmedi, moklebulia srulfasovnebas.<br />
arwivis gadakargvis bralia dalaCreba da gaarafreba.<br />
aucilebelia misi gamoCena, raTa poeti sakiresaviT aenTos da<br />
`daiwvas Tavis alzeda...~<br />
da, aqedan, kiTxvanarevi mudara, mozomili da msasoovari,<br />
usasrulo sivrcidan mosuli frTosani rom ar gaanawyenos da<br />
rac SeiZleba didxans darCes mis sanatrel, sanetaro metafizikur<br />
tyveobaSi: `modi, arwivo, sada xar?..~<br />
STagonebis tyve-tusaRad qceuli (rogorc es qadagisa da<br />
RvTisSvilis mistiuri urTierTobisas xdeba xolme) poeti sxeulebrivi<br />
simZimisagan iZarcveba, Tavisufldeba, tovebs dedamiwas<br />
da `caze gadasaxlebuli~ urTierTmonacvle sevdisa da sixarulis<br />
wamlekav stiqias eZleva, emorCileba: `roca arwivi Tan<br />
maxlavs, mazis marjvena mxarzeda, _ mefisa madga gvirgvini,<br />
vzivar samefo taxtzeda!..~<br />
kultmsaxurebis sakraluri sqemiT provocirebul striqonebSi<br />
mokvdavisa da cisieris `zepir~ gacxadebuli siaxlovis<br />
idumali suraTi ixateba. poeturi zeSTagonebis xanmokle momenti<br />
imeorebs moqmedebas, rasac jvar-xatis mkadreTa, qadagTa<br />
da `qandaraTa~ SemTxvevaSi vxedavT: Tavis mowmidar msaxurs<br />
(gamonaklisis saxiT _ saero pirs) RvTisSvili mtredis aRiT<br />
ecxadeba da, rogorc wesi, samkadreodafenil xelze anda mar-<br />
jvena mxarze ajdeba, raTa xorcielTa gasaWiri moisminos, gaigos<br />
da maTi _ `utTa da umecarTa~ _ saTqmeli RvTis karze miitanos...<br />
marjvena mxarze mjdomi arwivi igive angelozia (`Cems angelozebs<br />
venacvle, imaT frTebs, imaT saxesa~, _ wers vaJa Tavis<br />
erT-erT ukanasknel leqsSi); suliwmidaa, Semoqmedis saRvTo<br />
misiis dasturis niSnad rom mofrenila. misi stumroba uflismieri<br />
wyaloba da madlia; metaforuli gansaxebaa poetis sulieri<br />
sisavsisa da aRmafrenisa...<br />
164
arwivis wasvla da gauCinareba `Cvrad~ aqcevs, nalax yoveldRiurobaSi<br />
abrunebs, cxovrebis Cveul ritmSi rTavs, msmenel-<br />
Ta gulis mesaidumlisa da mesityvis prerogativas arTmevs,<br />
saxels Camohyris (gavixsenoT vaJas poeziidan: `mTaTa mTobasa<br />
vervin Camogvyris...~ gulqan razikaSvilis naambobidan: `mamama<br />
RmerTs Camahyara saxeli...~) Semoqmeds, rac misTvis sabnelos<br />
jdomiT dasjis tolfardia: `dammaleT, nu gamomaCenT, ar SescdeT,<br />
damsvaT jarzeda...~<br />
ase rom arwivi vaJas mxatvruli qveynierebis binadar sulierTa<br />
rigsa Tu saTvalavSi is kolorituli figuraa, elvare<br />
fersa da xiblian xmovanebas rom aniWebs am marTlacda sakvirvel,<br />
saocrad saintereso, jerac bolomde waukiTxav qveynierebas...<br />
* * *<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mxatvrul xilvaTa uwyvet kaskadSi mTis statikuri<br />
siCumisa da uZraobis nawilobriv kompensacias axdens<br />
aragvi, jixv-arwivebis binaSi naSobi mdinare, erTianad rom ipyrobs<br />
mkiTxvelis mzeras, yurTasmenas da poetur saxed Tu<br />
simbolod transformirebuli bolomde inarCunebs samomavlo<br />
siaxlis mauwyebeli bunebis TviTkmari movlenis gansakuTrebul<br />
statuss...<br />
xan `adidebuli, aRelvebuli~, xanac dawmendili aragvi bevri<br />
xiluli Tu uxilavi ZafiTaaa `mibmuli~ da dakavSirebuli poetis<br />
pirad cxovrebasTan da SemoqmedebiT wvasTan, moRvaweobasTan.<br />
gamomdinare udavo sulieri da mentaluri siaxlovidan, poetis<br />
survilia, ubeSi Casdiodes aragvis wyali, raTa mudmivad<br />
ifxizlos da misi talRebis Cqefa-zrialiT Zalamomatebulma<br />
ukeTesobaze ifiqros... da gadawyvetilebac, romlis miRebas,<br />
albaT, didi xani ar unda dasWirveboda, amgvaria: `me Tavi Camibarebav<br />
Cemis aragvis wylisada...~<br />
165
wvimis momyoli `pirgaSauli RvarebiT~ da mdinaris `gabezrebuli~<br />
yviriliT kacTa bedis Tanaziari buneba sazogadoebrivi<br />
suliskveTebis gamxmovaneblad gvevlineba. da is, rac ideologiuri<br />
wnexisa Tu sxva ram mizezis gamo moklebulia gamoxatvis<br />
sicxadesa da gamWvirvalebas, Tavis `aplikacias~ simbolur-alegoriul<br />
planSi hpovebs... roca poeti axsenebs aragvis<br />
mier laxtis aRebas, amiT kilokavad mianiSnebs avsulebTan mebrZol<br />
RvTisSvilTa sazeo misiasa da mowodebaze _ alagmon da<br />
Semusron adamianTa mavneblebad gaCenili avseri arsebani.<br />
`naoxar, gaabeCxrebul baRad~ gadaqceul guls siames hgvris<br />
da naTliT mosavs aragvis zvirTTa `laRni Cqerani~.<br />
am dros poetis Tvali da guli isev iq iwevs, sadac aragvi<br />
gaCnda da izarda, visi ZuZuc pirSi sdebia da vis tkivilsac is<br />
gamouCnda Signidan gareT gamomtanad, gamacxadeblad. im molodinsa<br />
da kiTxvaTa mwkrivs, `mTani maRalnis~ siuJetur birTvsa<br />
da dvritas rom Seadgens, aragvma unda gasces pasuxi; aragvma<br />
unda Seasxas xorci poeturi prozis am Cinebul nimuSSi gamJRavnebul<br />
imedovnebas...<br />
mTa dedaa, aragvi _ misi pirmSo.<br />
umTod aragvi ver iaragvebda.<br />
misgan eZleva masuldgmulebeli Zala.<br />
amdenad, maT Soris urRvevi dialeqtikuri kavSiria rogorc<br />
realur sibrtyeze, aseve irealur ganzomilebaSi.<br />
vaJa, erTi mxriv, mTasa da bars mouwodebs erTobisken, siaxlovisken,<br />
xolo, meore mxriv, aragvs mimarTavs (mudaris intonaciac<br />
igrZnoba am mimarTvaSi), rom mtkvari miimxros, moiSvelios<br />
da damwuxrebuli gulis mosafxani ram auwyon: `aragvo,<br />
moiSvelie zlazvniT mdinari mtkvaria, Tqven mainc rame miTxariT<br />
gulisa mosafxania...~<br />
n. baraTaSvilis sityviT rom vTqvaT, `mraval droebis mowameni~<br />
arian rogorc mtkvari, ise aragvi da uJmuri Jamis momswre<br />
vaJa maTgan iTxovs imis Setyobas, sad gaqra qarTvelTa salaS-<br />
166
qro droSa, qari rom aRar sZravs; vin daado samoTxes safarveli<br />
da vin gamojara keraze wyaldasxmuli saxlis kari?..<br />
amave leqsSi (`qebaTa-qeba~, 1893), TiTqos aRsarebaze damdgarao,<br />
kerZo wyeniT da sazogadoebrivi WiriT daWrili poeti<br />
ityvis: `Cems beds Tavs adga avdari, jer ar unaxavs daria...~<br />
aragvi ara marto mis napirebze gazrdil mTielTa saso da<br />
siamayea, zogjer Tavs umZimesi codvis dadebac rom uwevs da,<br />
amisda miuxedavad, `mainc ki lamazi aris~, aramed, uwinares<br />
yovlisa, fasdaudebeli ganZia maTTvis, vis kalTebzec Tvali<br />
gaaxila da muxli moimagra. esenia mTa-kldeni, romelnic, Tuki<br />
ver naxven aragvs, `xo daxdebian avada...~ amis gamoa, rom `Rulis<br />
Zir sali kldeebi aragvs muWaSi swuraven~ da Tanac `gzas<br />
uRobaven~, `qveiT~ rom ar wavides...<br />
aragvis da, zogadad, mdinaris ambivalenturi xasiaTi vaJas<br />
mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi maincdamainc ar Cans. mis gamanayofierebel,<br />
sicocxlis dambad energias (vTqvaT, aseT konteqstSi:<br />
`aragvis napirebze murynebi gabzinebulan...~) Cqmalavs da auCinarebs<br />
yovlis wamlekavi, medini da daudgromeli cxovrebis<br />
metaforul xatad materializebuli Zala, Zvelis amoZirkviT<br />
winareze umjobesi yofis damkvidrebas rom cdilobs da<br />
mieltvis.<br />
vrcel leqsSi `klde da mdinare~ am ori _ myari da moZravi<br />
_ elementis Tavgametebuli Widilia asaxuli. klde savals<br />
uRobavs, gzas ar aZlevs da uperspeqtivobas pirdeba mTis urC,<br />
Semtev mdinares. es ukanasknelic, rac ufro medgaria winaaRmdegoba,<br />
miT met Seupovrobas iCens da misi cda, bolos da<br />
bolos, sasurvel Sedegs iZleva: WapaniviT gaWimuli Walaze<br />
miizlazneba da aremares Tavisi gamoCeniT hfens nugeSs...<br />
`klde da mdinaris~ problema axloa `mTani maRalnis~ satkivarTan.<br />
es qmnilebani orientirebulia momavalze anu im dro-<br />
Jamze, roca eri Tu romelime eTnikuri erTeuli Tavisi suli-<br />
167
eri da fizikuri ZalRonis maqsimaluri gaRebiT eweva sanukvar<br />
Tavisuflebas...<br />
da, bolos: Rrmadsimboluria aragvi, romelic leqsSi `gazafxuli~<br />
(1898) sxva xevebs anu xeobebis patar-patara Senakadebs<br />
karTanaSi ucdis, raTa gaerTianebuli ZaliT gaarRvion wina-<br />
Roba, gadalaxon dabrkoleba da dabeCavebul xalxs, zamTris<br />
susxiT gabezrebul mosaxleobas namdvili gazafxulis morbedebad<br />
da maxaroblebad moevlinon...<br />
karTana (miTologiur gadmocemebSi erT-erTi devi `karTanelad~<br />
ixsenieba) is niSneuli toponimia fSavis aragvis xeobaSi,<br />
sadac, zepirsityvieri siuJetis mixedviT, devebma aragvis dagubeba<br />
gadawyvites, raTa mere moulodnelad gaerRviaT maRali<br />
kedeli da RvTis Tayvanismcemeli xeobis macxovreblebi erTianad<br />
waelekaT.<br />
vaJas aragvi sakuTari nebiT Cerdeba, icdis da izrdeba karib-<br />
WesaviT viwro karTanaSi, kopalas salocavis qvemoT, umcros<br />
moZmeTa mierTebiT momZlavrebulma xma rom aRimaRlos, `ayvirdes~<br />
da samagiero agemos kacTa modgmis mtanjvel ukeTur Zalebs...<br />
samyaros gardaqmnisa da ganaxlebis daucadebel molodins<br />
kidev ufro amZafrebs da aZlierebs RvTaebaTa rangSi amaRlebuli<br />
upirvelesi erovnuli gmiris `dazezeba~ (`amdgara amiranica,<br />
kldeSi dabmuli jaWviTa...~)~.<br />
Snoiani tandemi _ aragvi da amirani _ is yovlismomrevi Zalaa,<br />
`xogais mindis~ calTvala gugulis anu mZlevaris darad<br />
gazafxuli rom mohyavs damzral, nazamTral qveyanaSi...<br />
aragvi mxolod mdinare, wylis talRebis nakrebi da nakadi<br />
rodia. misi danaxva, yuris dagdeba da usityvo xmauris mosmena<br />
saTavea saRi azrebis mozRvavebisa, xalisiani ganwyobisa, sulieri<br />
simxnevisa da sixarulisa, esoden rom esakliseba dReniadag<br />
Rirseul cxovrebaze meocnebe poets: `dawuxebulma, aragvo, ro<br />
gnaxe, gavixareo... sruliad gamovicvale, welSiac avixareo...~<br />
168
ainer kirSi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb<br />
levan bregaZe<br />
gasuli saukunis 60-iani wlebis bolos saqarTvelos ssr<br />
kulturis saministros mowveviT TbilisSi Camovida ori<br />
aRmosavleTgermaneli (gdr) poeti rainer kirSi da adolf<br />
endleri, romelTac pwkaredebis meSveobiT qarTuli poeziis<br />
nimuSebi unda eTargmnaT (maT adolf endleris meuRle mwerali<br />
elke erbic axldaT Tan). anTologia, saTauriT `rvasaukunovani<br />
qarTuli poezia~, 1971 wels gamoica berlinSi (anTologia 1971),<br />
xolo manamde, 1970 wels, am Targmanebis nawili Jurnal `zin und<br />
formSi~ daibeWda, maT Soris rainer kirSis mier Targmnili<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `aluda qeTelauric~, romelsac boloSi erTvis<br />
mTargmnelis statia `realizmi vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi~ (`Realismus<br />
in der Poesie Washa Pschawelas~. — zin und form 1970: 1472-1480).<br />
es statia CvenSi naklebad aris cnobili (yovel SemTxvevaSi<br />
Cven ar Segvxvedria qarTul enaze naSromi, romelSic is citirebuli<br />
an, ubralod, naxsenebi mainc iyos). arada, mas Zalian didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs Tundac im TvalsazrisiT, rom es aris vaJafSavelas<br />
geniis pirveli adekvaturi Sefaseba evropul literaturaTmcodneobaSi.<br />
oriode sityva misi avtoris Sesaxeb:<br />
rainer kirSi _ germaneli lirikosi, prozaikosi, dramaturgi,<br />
eseisti, mTargmneli. daibada 1934 wels diobelnSi. eufleboda<br />
istoriasa da filosofias halesa da ienaSi. 1963-1965<br />
wlebSi swavlobda literaturis institutSi `iohanes r. bexeri~<br />
(laifcigi). 1973 wels komediisTvis `hainrix Slaghandis mogzauroba<br />
jojoxeTSi~ garicxes germaniis erTiani socialisturi<br />
partiidan. 1990 wels gdr-is mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare<br />
gaxda, imave wlidan xelovnebaTa akademiis wevria.<br />
169
Targmnili aqvs jon kitsis, persi biSi Selis, sergei eseninis,<br />
ana axmatovas, osip mandelStamis leqsebi. qarTvel poetTagan<br />
yvelaze adre nikoloz baraTaSvili Targmna (mis mier Targmnili<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsTa krebuli 1968 wels gamomcemloba<br />
`ganaTlebam~ dastamba); qarTuli poeziis anTologiaSi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `aluda qeTelauris~ garda Sesulia r. kirSis<br />
Targmnili aleqsandre WavWavaZis, grigol orbelianis, ilia<br />
WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, galaktion tabiZis da sxvaTa<br />
leqsebi.<br />
dajildoebulia erix vainertis medliT (1965), franc karl<br />
vaiskopfis (1983) da vilhelm miuleris (2001) premiebiT.<br />
rainer kirSs savsebiT Segnebuli aqvs, rom vaJa-fSavelas<br />
saxiT mas msoflio masStabis SemoqmedTan aqvs saqme. vaJa-fSavelas<br />
igi uwodebs `evropuli da msoflio rangis poets, romelic<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris farglebs gareT aqamde TiTqmis sruliad ucnobia~<br />
(zin und form 1970: 1477).<br />
xolo rodesac vaJa-fSavelas realizmis erT-erT Taviseburebaze<br />
laparakobs, aRniSnavs:<br />
`vaJa-fSavela Tavisi poemiT iZleva models, ara parabolas.<br />
misi pozicia mgznebarea (leidenschaftlich), oRond iluziisgan Tavisufali<br />
(illusionslos); amiT is Seqspirs uaxlovdeba~ (zin und form<br />
1970: 1478).<br />
rogor unda gavigoT misi es gamonaTqvami? ra niSniT agonebs<br />
vaJa-fSvela germanel poets Seqspirs?<br />
amaSi ukeT gasarkvevad statiis daskvniT frazas mivmarToT,<br />
sadac igi kidev erTxel axasiaTebs vaJas SemoqmedebiT meTods<br />
rogorc `iluziisgan Tavisufal, mgznebare realizms, romelic<br />
msoflios gardaqmnas isaxavs miznad~ (zin und form 1970: 1480).<br />
Cveni azriT, am gamonaTqvamebiT kirSi msoflios gardamqmneli<br />
(humanizmis principTa gaTvaliswinebiT gardamqmneli) moRvaweobis<br />
sirTulezec migvaniSnebs da imazec, rom Seqspiri<br />
msoflio literaturis korifeTa Soris (metadre Tavis trage-<br />
170
diebSi) yvelaze ukeT axerxebs imas, rom arc cxovrebis xaliss<br />
ukargavs adamians da arc imis imis iluzias uqmnis, TiTqos SesaZlebeli<br />
iyos didi miznis miRweva didi tanjvis gareSe. es ori<br />
tendencia mxatvrul qmnilebaSi Zneli SesaTavsebelia ise, rom<br />
erTma meore ar daCagros. amas axerxebs Seqspiri (es aris erTi<br />
mTavari mizezi imisa, rom Seqspiris aqtualoba rac dro gadis<br />
ki ar klebulobs, _ matulobs) da amasve axerxebs vaJa-fSavelac.<br />
uTuod qarTveli poetis niWis am Taviseburebas gulisxmobs<br />
rainer kirSi, roca mis meTods axasiaTebs rogorc `mgznebare,<br />
magram iluziisgan Tavisufal realizms~.<br />
germaneli mwerlis es Sefaseba miT ufro Rirebuli gamoCndeba,<br />
Tu gavixsenebT, rom im dros mis samSobloSi, germaniis<br />
demokratiul respublikaSi, iseve rogorc CvenSi, erTaderTi<br />
legaluri SemoqmedebiTi meTodi socialisturi realizmi iyo,<br />
meTodi, romlis mixedviT Seqmnil teqstebs mgznebareba namdvilad<br />
ar aklda, magram maTSi iluziebis damnergavi komunisturi<br />
`hefi endi~ batonobda.<br />
sxva adgilas rainer kirSi vaJa-fSavelas meTods `did realizmadac~<br />
moixseniebs. igi wers:<br />
`vaJa-fSavela apologias ki ar gvTavazobs, aramed qronikas;<br />
misi pozicia didi realizmis pozicaa, misi suliskveTeba ganmanaTlebluria~<br />
(zin und form 1970: 1479).<br />
aq erTmaneTs upirispirdeba apologia da qronika.<br />
apologia vinmes an rames dacvas, gamarTlebas niSnavs, da amis<br />
gamo igi iSviaTad aris Tavisufali tendenciurobisgan, calmxrivobisgan,<br />
ideologizebisgan. qronika ki met obieqturobas<br />
gulisxmobs, is nakleb ideologizebulia, xolo `didi realizmis~<br />
meTodiT Seqmnili mxatvruli qronika maqsimalurad aris<br />
deideologizebuli.<br />
magram `didi realizmisTvis~ marto marTebuli meTodologia<br />
xom ar kmara! `did realizms~ didi mxatvruli talantic<br />
sWirdeba, Tanac mravalmxrivi literaturuli talanti. am<br />
171
TvalsazrisiT germaneli mwerlis dakvirvebis obieqtia rogorc<br />
Txrobis formis SerCevis ostatoba vaJas `aluda qeTelaurSi~,<br />
aseve (da upirveles yovlisa) personaJebis, tipebis xatvis<br />
niWi, riTac fSaveli geniosi Tamamad usworebs mxars msoflio<br />
korifeebs, da, cxadia, personaJTa qmedebebis motivacia.<br />
realizmis TvalTaxedviT ganixilavs germaneli mwerali<br />
aludas protestis eskalacias. arsebiTad es aris garkveva imisa,<br />
ramdenad motivirebulia, erTi mxriv, personaJis amboxeba<br />
mTeli Temis winaaRmdeg, da, meore mxriv, Temis sisastike misi<br />
gamorCeuli wevrisadmi.<br />
aludas pirveli nabiji, riTac man tradicias gadauxvia (moklul<br />
mters mklavi ar mosWra) minimaluri Canso, aRniSnavs<br />
rainer kirSi da ganagrZobs: `magram poema gviCvenebs, rom igi (es<br />
nabiji. — l. b.) ideologiurad releventuria: rituali, viTarca<br />
zednaSenis elementi, ganuyofelia [zednaSenisgan], radgan dromoWmul<br />
wesrigSi yvelaferi TiTqos erT Zafzea asxmuli. da<br />
piriqiT, poema gviCvenebs, rom humanuri poziciac ganuyofelia.<br />
gmiris gadaxvevas [tradiciisgan], sazogadoebis reaqciis wyalobiT<br />
eskalirebuls, totalur ganxeTqilebamde mivyavarT.<br />
gabatonebuli ideologia, humanuri azrisgan inficirebuli,<br />
gmirSi didi siswrafiT iwyebs xrwnas~ (zin und form 1970: 1478.<br />
kursivi avtorisaa. — l. b.).<br />
germaneli mwerlis yuradRebas ipyrobs isic, rom aluda<br />
`mkrexelurad svams sakiTxs ritualis praqtikuli sargeblianobis<br />
Taobaze: gamogadgeba mokveTili mklavi omSi, an balaxis<br />
Tibvisas, an Tivis kavad gamoiyeneb mas? amavdroulad acxadebs,<br />
amieridan mters movklav, magram marjvenas ar movWrio. Temisadmi<br />
kuTvnilebis grZnoba da protesti aq erTmaneTs awonasworebs,<br />
amiT aluda sazogadoebas kardinalur kiTxvas usvams:<br />
ra girCevniaT, mamaci mebrZoli Tu rituali?~ (zin und form<br />
1970: 1478).<br />
172
magram vaJa-fSavelas, viTarca WeSmarit realists, aluda<br />
qeTelauri revolucionerad rodi gamohyavs. r. kirSis sityviT,<br />
`rogorc sazogadod eretikosTaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli,<br />
aludac arsebuli wesrigis afeTqebas ki ar isaxavs miznad,<br />
aramed _ mis gonivrul-humanur gardaqmnas, igi berdias _ xucessa<br />
da Tavkacs _ lamis exveweba, mec xevsurTa Soris xevsurad<br />
mimiTvaleo~ (zin und form 1970: 1478. r. aq kirSs aludas<br />
es sityvebi aqvs mxedvelobaSi: `yma var mec gudanis jvrisa, /<br />
xevsuri Tqvenis wylisao~. _ xuTi poema 1975: 71).<br />
am sakiTxs r. kirSi qvemoT kidev erTxel ubrundeba, roca<br />
aRniSnavs, rom arc poemaSi gadmocemuli ambavi da arc poemis<br />
daweris dro (1888 w.) avtors saSualebas ar aZlevs, aluda revolucionerad<br />
gamoiyvanos, da iqve ganagrZobs: `realisti vaJafSavela<br />
warmogvidgens gmirs, romelic protestis miuxedavad<br />
arsebulis erTguli rCeba~ (zin und form 1970: 1479). amis dasturad<br />
igi imowmebs aludas sityvebs, romliTac igi qarbuqSi<br />
gaWirvebiT maval Tavisianebs, mokveTilT da mSobliuri kuTxidan<br />
gaZevebulT, uwyreba, Tems augad nu axsenebTo.<br />
aludas cnobili sizmris Taobaze (roca mas kacis xorcisagan<br />
damzadebul SeWamads aZaleben) bevri dawerila da erTob sagulisxmo<br />
azrebic gamoTqmula (grigol kiknaZis, akaki gawerelias,<br />
mixeil zandukelis, Tamaz Cxenkelis, akaki baqraZis, revaz<br />
siraZis, maia jaliaSvilis, gulnara kalandariSvilis da sxvaTa<br />
mier). rainer kirSsac movusminoT:<br />
`mas Semdeg, rac moklul mucals `cxonebuli~ uwoda da amiT<br />
TanasoflelTa gaogneba gamoiwvia, aluda gaugonar nabijs<br />
dgams _ uaryofs sazogado konsensuss, viTarca WeSmaritebis<br />
kriteriums (`yvelani marTals amboben / gana, vinaca hfician?!~).<br />
es gabatonebuli moralis rRvevaa. misi qvecnobieri mowylulia,<br />
sizmarSi xedavs aluda imas, rasac igi sifxizleSi jer kidev<br />
ver aRiarebs: omi sisxliani da amazrzeni kaciWamiobaa — re-<br />
173
alist vaJa-fSavelas mier genialurad mignebuli mxatvruli<br />
xerxi~ (zin und form 1970: 1478).<br />
diax, genialurad mignebuli mxatvruli xerxi, vinaidan saZraxisis<br />
(am SemTxvevaSi omis) aSkara, sworxazovani gmoba realistur<br />
nawarmoebSi dabla swevs mxatvrulobis xarisxs, uares Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi ki avtoris Canafiqris sapirispiro Sedegs iwvevs (ase-<br />
Ti yofila adamianis buneba — keTili ideebis sworxazovani propaganda<br />
araTu sasikeTo cvlilebebs ar iwvevs masSi, aramed<br />
eWvsac uCens, raRacas xom ar matyuebeno! genios SemoqmedT es<br />
Cinebulad moexsenebaT, amitom isini amgvari saTqmelis moiarebiT,<br />
arapirdapiri gziT gamoxatvis formas irCeven).<br />
erTob sayuradReboa mindias saxis kirSiseuli interpretacia.<br />
statiaSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
`Cinebulad aris daxatuli mindias saxe: es aris dabalansebis<br />
mosurne liberali, romelic yovel gadamwyvet momentSi Tavisi<br />
sazogadoebis mier aRmarTuli barieris winaSe ukan ixevs; magaliTad,<br />
aludas sanaTesaos darbevas igi Tvalcremliani, magram<br />
gulze xeldakrefili Sehyurebs. ra suraTia!~ (zin und form<br />
1970: 1478).<br />
es aRtacebis gamomxatveli SeZaxili (`ra suraTia!~ — `Welches<br />
Bild!~) am strofs miemarTeba:<br />
174<br />
`amis gamgone mindias<br />
mauwyliandis Tvalebi:<br />
veRarasa hSvels aludas,<br />
gulze gadiwyvis mklavebi~<br />
(xuTi poema 1975: 72).<br />
mindias saxis amgvari wakiTxva (`dabalansebis mosurne liberali,<br />
romelic yovel gadamwyvet momentSi Tavisi sazogadoebis<br />
mier aRmarTuli barieris winaSe ukan ixevs~) axleburi unda<br />
iyos. CvenSi mindias saxes calmxrivi interpretacia eZleva, igi
erTmniSvenlovnad dadebiT gmirad aris interpretirebuli<br />
(saSualo skolebisTvis gankuTvnil damxmare saxelmZRvaneloSi<br />
vkiTxulobT: `aluda da mindia `azrisa da simarTlisaTvis~<br />
mebrZoli vaJkacebi arian~. _ vaJa-fSavela 2001: 66). mindias saxis<br />
kirSiseuli wakiTxva, vfiqrobT, ufro srulyofilia; mar-<br />
Tlac, aludas erTguli da gulisxmieri megobari mindia Tavisi<br />
Semdgomdroindeli gaubedaobiT, erTob realisturi saxea, idealizebisgan<br />
Tavisufali, anu iluziisgan Tavisufali realisturi<br />
maneriT daxatuli saxea.<br />
sazogadod, `aluda qeTelauris~ mindias CvenSi naklebi yuradReba<br />
eqceva. Temisa da pirovnebis dapirispirebaze amaxvileben<br />
ZiriTadad yuradRebas am poemis analizisas. es Sualeduri<br />
rgoli, Temisa da pirovnebis Serigebis mowadine mindia, mkvlevarTa<br />
nakleb interess iwvevs. arada, ra saintereso personaJi<br />
yofila _ konceptualuradac da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiTac!<br />
(Sdr.: `SatilSi rCeba mindia, romelic, Cveni azriT, liminalobis<br />
potenciis matarebelia~. _ leTodiani 2011: 149).<br />
ucxoeli mkiTxvelis sworad informirebisTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
is paraleli, rasac r. kirSi avlebs mokluli duSmanisTvis<br />
marjvenis mokveTis da mere moWrili mklavis qavis karze miWedebis<br />
xevsurul tradiciasa da amerikeli indielebis mier mokluli<br />
mtrisTvis skalpis aZrobis Cveulebas Soris, da iqve das-<br />
Zens: Tumca Crdiloamerikeli indielebi xevsurebisgan gansxvavebiT<br />
qristianebi ar iyvneno. amiT (xevsurTa qristianobis xazgasmiT)<br />
igi Cveulebis, tradiciis gamZleobazec mianiSnebs, im<br />
Cveulebisa, romelic rjulze umtkicesia. (ZirZveli Cveulebis<br />
Tavisebureba xom is aris, rom masSi adamiani myudrod grZnobs<br />
Tavs, vinaidan ZirZveloba Cveulebas legitimurobas sZens, xolo<br />
legitimuri qmedebis Cadena sulier simSvides gvaniWebs.<br />
ZirZveli tradiciis mier nakurTxi Cveulebis anaqroniuloba,<br />
droisTvis Seuferebloba, rom igrZno da gaicnobiero, aluda<br />
unda iyo).<br />
175
sainteresod aanalizebs rainer kirSi berdia xucesis samive<br />
monologs, metadre mesames, romliTac `jagaraSlili~ berdia<br />
aludas ojaxisa da sanaTesaos dasarbevad aqezebs xalxs, rac<br />
germanel poets pogromebisken faSistur mowodebas axsenebs<br />
(ase wers: `[berdias mesame monologi] aRmavali gradaciiT pogromebisken<br />
faSisturi mowodebebis winamorbedia~ — `Die dritte<br />
[Rede] nimmt in großer Steigerung die Pogromreden des Faschismus voraus~. —<br />
zin und form 1970: 1479). iq berdia aseT ramesac ambobs:<br />
176<br />
`wadiT umtvrieT Savbnelsa<br />
saxlisad’ cixis karebi!<br />
cecxli mieciT saZnovars,<br />
casa swvdebodes alebi!<br />
saTemod gamoirekeT<br />
cxvari, Zroxa da xarebi!~<br />
(xuTi poema 1975: 72).<br />
am pasaJis gamo kirSi wers:<br />
`gansacvifreblad zustad aris aRwerili Zalauflebis<br />
ekonomika da funqcionireba~ (zin und form 1970: 1479).<br />
ras gulisxmobs kirSi `Zalauflebis ekonomikaSi~? imas, rac<br />
axlaxan citirebuli fragmentis bolo ori striqonidan, berdias<br />
mier TiTqos sxvaTaSoris naTqvami sityvebidan, gamosWvivis:<br />
`saTemod gamoirekeT [aludasa da misi sanaTesos] cxvari,<br />
Zroxa da xarebi!~. aluda da misianebi SeZlebulad, welgamarTulad<br />
cxovroben. Tu maT qoneba CamoerTmevaT da Temis sxva wevrebze<br />
gadanawildeba, ra dovlaTs Caigdeben muqTad xelSi!<br />
vaJas ar aviwydeba migvaniSnos, aludas winaaRmdeg agresiulad<br />
ganwyobilni ekonomikuradac rom arian motivirebulni.<br />
amaSic xedavs rainer kirSi vaJas did realistobas. cota qvemoT<br />
igi wers:
`berdia Sekrebs xevsurebs, raTa maT TavianTi gulis saTqmeli<br />
gamoxaton (aq kirSs berdias es sityvebi aqvs mxedvelobaSi:<br />
`xalxo, mindaris gavigo / pasuxi Tqvenis gulisa~. — xuTi poema:<br />
71) da maTda daukiTxavad acxadebs, ra unda iyos es [gulis saTqmeli]:<br />
mindias, misi sanaTesos, mokveTa, araviTari TanagrZnoba<br />
qalebisa da bavSvebis mimarT, maTi sacxovreblebis gadawva~.<br />
aq kargad Cans zemoT moyvanil citataSi naxsenebi `Zalauflebis<br />
funqcionireba~: Zalis mflobelni jer yasidad mimarTaven<br />
xolme xalxs, Tqveni gulis nadebi gamoTqviT, gagviziareTo,<br />
mere ki _ xalxs vinRa usmens — TviTon karnaxoben `masebs~ ris<br />
gakeTebaa saWiro! _ es aris ilustracia imisa, Tu rogor<br />
funqcionirebs Zalaufleba viTomda xalxis saxeliT. amas<br />
poemaSi iqve mosdevs `Zalauflebis ekonomikis~ ilustraciac,<br />
ris gamoc statiaSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
`mere ekonomikuri sacTuris jeri dgeba: aludas saqoneli<br />
Tems unda darCes, da sanaTesaos winaaRmdeg terorisaken mowodeba<br />
ganmeorebiT gaismis. poemis bolos vgebulobT, rom yovelive<br />
ise momxdara, rogorc xucesma brZana~ (zin und form 1970:<br />
1479).<br />
marto am pasaJis (berdias mesame monologis) analizidanac<br />
kargad Cans raoden dakvirvebiT kiTxulobs germaneli mwerali<br />
qarTul poemas, kargad Cans misi, rogorc literatoris, maRali<br />
kvalifikacia, risi wyalobiTac igi srulad grZnobs Txzulebis<br />
sakacobrio mniSvnelobas. rainer kirSis sityviT, `igi (vaJafSavela.<br />
_ l. b.) gviCvenebs, raoden damaxasiaTebelia realisti<br />
mwerlisTvis drois winaTgrZnoba, winaTgrZnoba misi (drois. —<br />
l. b.) rogorc ugvani, aseve damaimedebeli SesaZleblobebisa~<br />
(zin und form 1970: 1480).<br />
amrigad, `aluda qeTelauri~ rainer kirSis mier ganxilulia<br />
msoflio literaturis konteqstSi, yvelaze maRali kriteriumebis<br />
momarjvebiT, rac ki mxatvrul teqsts SeiZleba mivusadagoT,<br />
da qarTuli poeziis am Sedevrma gauZlo gamocdas Cven-<br />
177
da sasaxelod. erTia, raoden Zvirfasia CvenTvis mSobliuri<br />
kulturis artefaqti, da sul sxvaa, roca aseve mniSvnelovani<br />
xdeba igi ucxo kulturis warmomadgenlisTvisac.<br />
damowmebani:<br />
anTologia 1971: Georgische Poesie aus acht Jahrhunderten. Nachgedichtet<br />
von Adolf Endler und Rainer Kirsch. 1. Auflage: Verlag Volk und Welt/Kultur und<br />
Fortschritt, 1971.<br />
vaJa-fSavela 2001: qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi. vaJa-fSavela.<br />
poemebi. Tb.: 2001.<br />
zin und form 1970: Sinn und Form. Beiträge zur Literatur. Herausgegeben von<br />
der Deutschen Akademie der Künste. 1970, 6. Heft. Berlin: Rütten & Loening.<br />
leTodiani 2011: leTodiani a. `aluda qeTelauris~ gaazrebisaTvis<br />
(`liminalobis~ Teoria da `aluda qeTelauri~) // V saerTa-<br />
Soriso simpoziumi. literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi.<br />
Tezisebi. Tb.: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba,<br />
2011.<br />
xuTi poema 1975: vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema. Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis<br />
gamomcemloba, 1975.<br />
178
kvlav dialeqtizmebis sakiTxisaTvis<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
giorgi cocaniZe<br />
roca qarTul samwerlo enaSi dialeqturi nakadis momZlavrebaze<br />
saubroben, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Seexeba es saubari movlenis<br />
dadebiT Tu uaryofiT mxareebs, upirveles yovlisa va-<br />
Ja-fSavelas fenomens wamosweven xolme wina planze, Tumca yvelam<br />
icis, rom vaJa arc pirveli yofila da arc ukanaskneli<br />
imaTgan, vinc mxatvrul mwerlobaSi xalxur metyvelebas Segnebulad<br />
da gegmazomierad gauxsna gza: dialeqtizms, rogorc<br />
SemoqmedebiTi meTodis mniSvnelovan xerxs, mimarTavdnen vaJas<br />
winamorbedi mwerlebic, misi Tanamedrovenic da Sedmgomi Taobis<br />
warmomadgenlebic. yvela maTganTan am movlenas garkveuli<br />
mxatvruli amocana ekisreboda da asrulebda kidevac igi mas SesaniSnavad:<br />
literaturuli personaJis Sinagani bunebis gasxnisaTvis<br />
misi garegnuli ieris, sacxovrebeli garemos, cxovrebis<br />
wesis da sxvaTa aRwerasTan erTad mniSvnelovani roli ekisreboda<br />
pirovnebis metyvelebasac. dialeqturi metyveleba qar-<br />
Tul literaturaSi fexs ikidebs me-19 saukunis meore naxevridan<br />
da mas Tavisi logika aqvs:<br />
Tu samwerlo enaSi dialeqturi nakadis marTlzomieri Semo-<br />
Wris sakiTxs istoriul perspeqtivaSi gavadevnebT Tvals, ueWvelad<br />
aRmovaCenT erT saintereso kanonzomierebas: misi dasabamidan<br />
me-19 s-is Sua wlebamdis qarTuli mwerlobis TematikaSi<br />
saqarTvelos cxovreba erTiania, mTliania, zogadqarTulia. igi<br />
qveynis calkeul eTnografiul kuTxeebs ar swvdeba. qarTveli<br />
mwerali Tavisi lirikuli gmirebianad zogadqarTul Wirsa da<br />
lxins dastrialebs da Sesabamisad arc romelime kuTxis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
enobrivi movlenebi Cans literaturis enaSi. am dros<br />
179
Tu romelime mweralTan dialeqturi ram gamoCndeba, igi mwerlis<br />
uneblie Secdomis Sedegia da avtoris sadaurobas Tu adasturebs,<br />
Torem misTvis raime mxatvruli mniSvnelobis micema ar<br />
SeiZleba da arc visme ucdia es. Semdeg ki, mecxramete saukunis<br />
meore naxevridan, mwerlis yuradRebis areSi Semodis rogorc<br />
sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenis, ise saqarTvelos sxvadasxva ku-<br />
TxeTa cxovrebis suraTebic da samwerlo enaSic iCens Tavs sazogadoebis<br />
ama Tu fenis an romelime kuTxis metyvelebisTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani. qarTveli mwerali zogadqar-<br />
Tuli poziciidan uyurebs xalxis farTo fenebis satkivars da<br />
literaturaSi Cndebian zogadkacobriulobamdis amaRlebuli<br />
sazogadoebis konkretuli jgufisa Tu kuTxis warmomadgenel-<br />
Ta tipebi da am tipebis xatvaSi arameorexarisxovan rols asrulebs<br />
swored aRniSnuli enobrivi monacemi. ase iqmnebian ukvdavi<br />
literaturuli personaJebi: dabaRovebi, trdatovebi, didebuliZeebi,<br />
lelT Runia, munjaZeebi, ZalaZeebi, uiSvilebi, Semodgomis<br />
aznaurTa mTeli galereebi, aleqsandre yazbegis gmirebi<br />
da sxvani. ase rom xalxuri metyvelebis damkvidreba qarTul<br />
samwerlobo enaSi logikuri, kanonzomieri procesia. vaJa-fSavelas<br />
Semoqmedeba axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis<br />
am magistraluri xazis organuli nawilia. vaJa rogorc<br />
prozaikosi, publicisti, eTnografiuli Txzulebebis avtori<br />
me-19 saukunis meore naxevris mwerlobis uniWieresi warmomadgenelia<br />
da misi enac saukeTeso nimuSia im saliteraturo enisa,<br />
romelic daamkvidra 60-ianelTa, anu igive `Tergdaleulebis”<br />
Taobam. misi am xasiaTis nawerebSi dialeqtizmi, arc leqsikuri<br />
da arc gramatikuli, mkiTxvelis Tvalsa da yurs mkveTrad arsad<br />
moxvdeba. mxolod iseT TxzulebebSi, romelTa siuJetebic<br />
fSavis, an Tundac mTis sxva kuTxeebis fonzea gaSlili, mimar-<br />
Tavs vaJac, sxvaTa msgavsad, dialeqtur metyvelebas im doziT<br />
da daniSnulebiT, rac im periodis literaturaSia dakvidrebuli.<br />
180
Cndeba kiTxva: Tu dialeqturi metyvelebis mxatvrul xerxad<br />
gamoyeneba qarTul mwerlobaSi kanonzomier movlenad iyo mi-<br />
Cneuli, maS ratom atyda mxolod vaJas enis gamo iseTi aJiotaJi<br />
da xmauri. erTni usayvedurebdnen imis gamo, rom saliteraturo<br />
enas moZvelebuli formebiT da kuTxuri sityvebiT amZimebs,<br />
anagvianebs, axorklianebso, meoreni rafiel erisTavis mimbaZvelobaSi<br />
sdebdnen brals, mesameni imis gamo amunaTebdnen, rom<br />
ver gaigeb, sad Tavdeba xalxuri gadmocemebi da sad iwyeba vaJafSavelao.<br />
saqme is aris, rom es sayvedurebi da kiTxvebi vaJafSavelas<br />
poezias Seexeboda, mis lirikasa da eposs da ara mo-<br />
Txrobebsa da sxva xasiaTis nawerebs. im dros gamefebuli poeturi<br />
stilis fonze gamoCnda vaJas poezia uCveulod da koloritulad.<br />
misma xalxurma kilom, literaturisaTvis uCveulo<br />
formam da stilma, amave dros poeziaSic gzagaxsnilma dialeqturi<br />
metyvelebis mZlavrma nakadma aalaparaka literaturuli<br />
kritika da erTimeoris miyolebiT Cndeboda presis furclebze<br />
misi ganmaqiqebeli werilebi. vaJa TviTonve exmaureboda da<br />
aZlevda pasuxs mis kritikosebs yovel kritikul werilsa Tu<br />
dasmul kiTxvebze da mTeli misi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis<br />
manZilze Cndeboda presaSi mokle, lakonuri, magram mravlis<br />
mTqmeli da bevris momcveli werilebi da yovel momdevno werilSi<br />
yalibdeboda misi azri da Sexeduleba mwerlobaze, mwerlobis<br />
Tematikaze, imaze, Tu ra gauxdia mwerals Tavisi Semoqmedebis<br />
obieqtad, rogoria gza mwerlis cnobierebidan mkiTxvel-<br />
Ta gulebisken da rogor xdeba zogjer TiTqos ubralo, viwro<br />
eTnografiul garemoSi datrialebuli dramatuli movlenebi,<br />
niWieri mwerlis `grZnoba-gonebis quraSi~ gamovlis Semdeg, sayovelTaoni,<br />
zogadkacobriuli ideebis matarebelni. vaJas<br />
Semoqmedebis am mcire nawilis kvintesencia, romelsac ganzogadebulad<br />
SeiZleba literaturaTmcodneobiTi vuwodoT, dakvirvebulma<br />
mkiTxvelma SeiZleba ase Camoayalibos: mwerlis ena<br />
da azrovneba ganuyofeli erTianobaa da orive erTad eZleva<br />
181
mkiTxvelis misi mTliani Semoqmedebis saxiT. Txzulebis enobrivi<br />
qsovili materialuri gamoxatulebaa poeturi qmnilebisa.<br />
rac ufro niWieria poeti, miT ufro Sesaferis formas uZebnis<br />
igi saTqmels. esaa nawarmoebis srulyofilebis garantia da gza<br />
mkiTxvelis cnobierebisaken. rac ufro mdidaria poetis enobrivi<br />
arsenali, miT ufro Tavisuflad da marjved gamoxatavs<br />
igi nagrZnob-gancdilis da axedebs mkiTxvels Tavis poetur samyaroSi.<br />
Tu ras dainaxavs mkiTxveli iq da ramdenad moixibleba<br />
nanax-gancdiliT, esec araa calsaxad, mxolod erT maTganze,<br />
poetze an mkiTxvelze, damokidebuli. mniSvnelovania rogorc<br />
erTis, ise meoris individualuri Tvisebebi: aris Tu ara obieqturad<br />
momxiblavi poetis samyaro da SeuZlia Tu ara mas Tavisi<br />
enis saSualebiT srulyofilad gauxsnas mkiTxvels gza am samyarosaken;<br />
aris Tu ara mkiTvxelis suli am poeturi xilvebis<br />
Sesabamisi, e. i. aqvs Tu ara mas yvelaferi imis wvdomis Sinagani<br />
potencia, rasac mas poeti sTavazobs. xalxuri sibrZne rom moviSvelioT,<br />
mwerlisa da mkiTxvelis urTierToba kargi mTqmelisa<br />
da kargi gamgonis urTierTobaa. mTqmelis produqtSi ki<br />
saTqmelisa da naTqvamis gancalkeveba SeuZlebelia. ase rom, va-<br />
Jas enaSi fSauri kilo misi umdidresi enobrivi arsenalis ganuyofeli<br />
nawilia, romelsac saWiroebisdakvalad daubrkoleblad<br />
iyenebs igi da swored amiT aRwevs poeturi qmnilebis TiTqmis<br />
ideular srulyofilebas. vfiqrob, amaSia vaJas genialoba.<br />
dialeqtur metyvelebasTan damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
Tu prozaikos vaJa-fSavelas winaprebic hyavda, Tanamedrovenic<br />
da STamomavlobac, poet vaJas am mxriv arc winapari hyavda<br />
vinme, arc Tanamedrove da arc STamomavali. is erTaderTi<br />
iyo da erTaderTad rCeba dRevandlamdis, Tumca xalxur kiloze<br />
naweri leqsebi bevr poetTan gvxvdeba, bevris poeziaa naferi<br />
xalxuri metyvelebis leqsikiTa da gramatikuli formebis elferiT,<br />
SexvdebiT mTlianad dialeqtze nawer leqsebsac, magram<br />
dialeqtizmebTan es damokidebuleba vaJasnairad sistemad ara-<br />
182
visTan Camoyalibebula. TviT vaJa ki Tavis uSualo winamorbedad,<br />
visi gavlenac mas daexmara Tavisi poeturi enis povnaSi, rafiel<br />
erisTavs Tvlida. amas igi ambobs grigol yifSiZis sapasuxod<br />
daweril werilSi, vinc mas (mis Zma baCanasTan erTad) rafiel<br />
erisTavisadmi mimbaZvelobaSi adanaSaulebda. `CvenSi Zalian<br />
saTakilod da viTom niWis dasamcireblad miaCniaT mweralze<br />
sxvisi gavlena _ werda igi _ me ki es wesier, saR, normalur da<br />
aucilebel movlenad mimaCnia im kanonis ZaliT, romelsac hqvian<br />
kanoni TandaTanobisa~ (`PRO DOMO SUA~). vaJa aRiarebs, rom<br />
rafiel erisTavis poeziam masze marTlac imoqmeda da Zlieradac:<br />
`T. rafielis leqsebma, rogorc saero kiloTi nawerma da<br />
isic Cveneburi mTis kiloTi (vaJa, cxadia, aq poeziis kilos gulisxmobs<br />
da ara sasaubros, dialeqturs), sxvanairad aaCqrola<br />
Cemi guli, sxvagvarad SesZra igi. amasTanave nu daviviwyebT imasac,<br />
rom, Tumc maSin Segirdi gaxldiT, magram xalxuri, fSauri,<br />
xevsuruli leqsebi bevri vicodi, es kilo miyvarda, Cems gulSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli kuTxe eWira... magram am saero kiloze weras vera<br />
vbedavdi, radgan mwerlobaSi leqsebis weris kilod ar iyo<br />
miRebuli, aramed sxva kilo mefobda”. rogorc vxedavT jer kidev<br />
Wabuki vaJas arsebaSi, mis grZnobasa da gul-gonebaSi, rogorc<br />
dedamiwis gulSi mxurvale lava, duRda poeturi genia,<br />
magram gamosavals ver poulobda, radgan maSin gabatonebuli<br />
forma poeziisa, romelsac Zalauneburad vaJac emoneboda, ar<br />
Seesabameboda misi Sinagani xilvebis samyaros, mis grZnobismier<br />
xatebs. da ai moxuci rafielis poeziis kilom misca mas stimuli,<br />
gauxsna gza mis arsebaSi dagubebul umZlavres poetur energias,<br />
romelic marTlac rom vulkanuri ZaliTa amoifrqva da misma<br />
elvarebam erTianad gaanaTa qarTuli literaturuli cis kabadoni.<br />
es kaSkaSa naTeba abrmavebda imaT, visi Sinagani potenciac<br />
ar iyo mzad am umSvenieresi poeturi xatebis aRsaqmelad, xolo<br />
im mkiTxvelis arsebas ki, visi sulic adekvaturad aRiqvamda da<br />
iTvisebda vaJas mier SeTavazebul momxiblav samyaros, poeziis<br />
183
es didebuli sxivebi aTbobda da efineboda mtkivani gulis salbunad.<br />
am ukanasknelTagan upirvelesi ilia WavWavaZe iyo. geniosma<br />
moazrovnem umal dainaxa geniosi Semoqmedi da aRtacebulma<br />
wamoiZaxa: Cven, Zvelebma, kalami unda davdoT, gza vaJas<br />
davuTmoTo.<br />
xalxuri poeziis wiaRSi iSva da amoizarda es poeturi genia.<br />
misgan miiRo mTeli is amouwyavi simdidre, rac mas gaaCnda da<br />
gaaCnia dResac: misi mTeli versifikaciuli sazomi _ silabika,<br />
riTmi, ritmi risganac iqmneba misi leqsis musikaluri hangebi;<br />
umdidresi sityvieri maragi Tavisi gasaocari feradovnebiT,<br />
risganac iqmneba umSvenieresi poeturi xatebi, mxatvruli sura-<br />
Tebi; xalxuri ambebi, gadmocemebi, legendebi, miTebi, rac safuZvlad<br />
udevs misi leqsebis, baladebis, poemebis siuJetebs;<br />
yvelaferma aman gaiara didi Semoqmedebis `grZnoba-gonebis quraSi”,<br />
Seikra da Camoayalibda mis poetur `manganaSi”, gascda poetis<br />
saarsebo garemos, amaRlda zogadsakacobrio ideebamdis<br />
da gadaefina mTel samyaros.<br />
Cven zemoT sistema vaxseneT. diax, vaJas SemoqmedebaSi misi<br />
dialeqtur metyvelebasTan damokidebuleba mwyobr sistemadaa<br />
Camoyalibebuli. dakvirvebulma literatorma ar SeiZleba ar<br />
SeniSnos am damokidebulebis sami safexuri: 1. vaJa wers sufTa<br />
saliteraturo qarTuliT; 2. vaJa iyenebs dialeqtur metyvelebas,<br />
ZiriTadad fSaurs, rogorc mxatvrul saSualebas da 3. vaJa<br />
wers fSaurad. yvelaferi es exeba mis mTlian Semoqmedebas _<br />
prozasac da poeziasac. vaJas enisadmi damokidebulebis es sami<br />
safexuri Camoyalibdeba binaruli Sepirispirebis gziT miRebul<br />
iseT sistemad, rogorsac lingvistebi iyeneben xolme sxvadasxva<br />
donis enobriv erTeulTa struqturuli mimarTebebis<br />
aRsawerad. Sepirispirebis pirvel safexurze gamoiyofa enis<br />
wminda literaturuli da arasaliteraturo doneebi; struqturirebis<br />
me-2 safexurze kvlav ori done gamoiyofa: dialeqturnarevi<br />
da sufTa dialeqturi. vaJasTan samwerlo enis es sa-<br />
184
mive done warmodgenilia erTimeoreze ufro STambeWdavad, koloritulad<br />
imisda mixedviT, Tu, rogorc TviTon ityoda, `ra<br />
movlenani gauxdia mas Tavis mwerlobis sagnad~ (`niWieri mwerali~).<br />
vaJa-fSavela Tavisi moTxrobebis udides nawils im epoqis<br />
saukeTeso literaturuli qarTuliT wers, iseTi qarTuliT,<br />
romelsac mis Tanamedrove qarTvel mweralTagan tols veravin<br />
daudebda, SesaZloa TviT didi iliac ki. es iyo vaJas ena Tavisi<br />
gamokveTili individualobiT, sakuTari leqsikiTa da frazeologiiT,<br />
azris individualuri mimoqceviT, romelsac misive sityvebiT<br />
rom vTqvaT, ori Tavankara wyaro kvebavda: `ZvelTa ni-<br />
Wier mweralTa nawarmoebni, is qarTuli Temebi, sadac dRevandlamde<br />
Senaxulia SeubRalavad, umwikvlod qarTuli ena”. Zvel<br />
niWier mweralTagan vaJa ors asaxelebs: SoTa rusTavels da daviT<br />
guramiSvils. gauryvnelis eniT mosaubreni ki mTielni ariano,<br />
romlebTanac mas hqonda uSualo `damokidebuleba~ (`ena~).<br />
literaturuli qarTuliT, dialeqturi minarevebis gareSe,<br />
wers poemebis erT mcire nawilsac. es is poemebia, romlebSic<br />
Txzulebis Tema da siuJetis samoqmedo areali romelime ku-<br />
TxiT ar aris Semofargluli. aseTTagan SeiZleba davasaxeloT<br />
ori: `moxucis naTqvami~ da `sisxlis Zieba~. pirveli mxatvrulad<br />
SedarebiT sustia, radgan is misi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis gariJraJzea<br />
dawerili (1883 w.), roca vaJas jer kidev ar hqonda napovni<br />
sakuTari poeturi xma, sakuTari kilo werisa da im stils<br />
emorCileboda, rac im dros kanonikurad miiCneoda. meore poemiT<br />
ki vaJa warmogvidgeba Camoyalibebul `vaJa-fSavelad”, rogorc<br />
genialuri sityvieri mxatvari da sityvieri musikosi:<br />
`caze hyvavian Rrubelni,<br />
mzis sxivebs hsvamen diliTa,<br />
mTebs auxsniaT pirbade<br />
SvilebiT, SviliSviliTa;<br />
185
186<br />
gulgrilad icqirebian<br />
gaumaZRarni ZiliTa;<br />
qaTibs uReWavs niavi<br />
brol-minanqaris kbiliTa”.<br />
..................................................<br />
`cxens davafrindi, wamoved,<br />
vceme maTraxis tariTa.<br />
mohqroda Cemi mimino,<br />
fexebs ibanda qariTa”.<br />
vaJa saliteraturo eniT wers Tavisi lirikis udides nawilsac.<br />
oRond misi Semoqmedebis es ubanic, imave sistemis binaruli<br />
mimarTebebis ZaliT, or nawilad unda gaiyos: pirveli _ sadac<br />
lirikuli gmiri Tavad avtoria. misi poeturi suli mTaSi trialebs<br />
da iqve atrialebs mkiTxvelsac. am leqsebis ena Tumc saliteraturoa,<br />
kiloa mTuri, gnebavT fSauri, am sityvis poetikuri<br />
da ara lingvisturi gagebiT. maTSi aqa-iqa gamokrTeba didi<br />
ostatobiT naxmari araliteraturuli formebi, ris ZaliTac<br />
ixateba mTuri poeturi garemo, leqsi mTis surnelebas daikravs.<br />
amgvari leqsebis saukeTeso nimuSebi imdenad bevria, rom saukeTesoTa<br />
dasaxelebac ki gaWirdeba. aviRoT Tundac leqsi<br />
aragvs:<br />
`d a w u x e b u l m a , aragvo,<br />
ro gnaxe, gavixareo,<br />
sruliad gamovicvale,<br />
welSiac avixareo.<br />
ra lamazia, wyeulo,<br />
Sen zvirTTa laRni Cqerani,<br />
gaafrTebulsa talRasa<br />
kldes rom wauvlen Tqerani~.<br />
sityvam `dawuxebulma~ gadastyorcna mkiTxveli fSavis aragvis<br />
xeobaSi (da ara xevsureTis an mTiuleTis da gudamayris),
Torem versifikaciulad araferi daSavdeboda, Tu avtori `dawuxebulis”<br />
magivrad sityva `monatrebuls~ ixmarda, magram es<br />
ukanaskneli ver Seasrulebda im mxatvrul amocanas, rac pirvels<br />
akisria. aseve SeiZleba vnaxoT leqsis `Rame mTaSi~ dasawyisi~:<br />
`daRamda, wvrilni varskvlavni<br />
ayvavden, dasxden cazeda,<br />
mTvare ki jer arsada Cans,<br />
ar d a g v n a T o i s Tavzeda~.<br />
Tavidanve itvirTeba leqsi Sinagani energiiT, raSic mniSvnelovan<br />
rols sityvaforma `dagvnaTois” asrulebs. Semdeg gasaocari<br />
dinamiurobiT cvlis erTmaneTs bunebis mZafrad mSfoTvare<br />
da nazi, mwyazari suraTebi... da am dinamikis logikuri ideuri<br />
finali:<br />
`buneba mbrZanebelia,<br />
igiv monaa Tavisa,<br />
zogjer sikeTes ixveWavs,<br />
zogjer mqnelia avisa,<br />
erTferad mtvirTveli aris<br />
saqmis TeTris da Savisa,<br />
saca pirimzes axarebs,<br />
iqve mTxrelia zvavisa,<br />
mainc ki lamazi aris,<br />
mainc siturfiT hyvavisa~.<br />
meore _ logikuri gmiri zogadad qarTvelia, saerTo saqveyno<br />
Wir-varams dastrialebs misi suli. am rigis leqsebidan saukeTeso<br />
nimuSad SeiZleba davasaxeloT leqsi `Civili xmlisa~.<br />
misi ena Seqmnis dros saliteraturo qarTulis unaklo nimuSia.<br />
avtori iqac ki ar ahyolia cdunebas, sadac, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos<br />
literaturuli gramatikuli formis dialeqturiT Secvla<br />
187
frazas eqspresiulobas Sehmatebda: vTqvaT `uyvarda~ formis<br />
Canacvleba `uyvardis~ formiT da `dasdevda~-si _ `dasdevdis~iT<br />
strofSi:<br />
`omSi win wasvla u y v a r d a,<br />
xelT dabRujvili faria,<br />
aras d a s d e v d a sikvdilsa,<br />
oRomT ar Sarcxves jaria”.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom Sinaarsi aq swored xolmeobiTia da amgvari<br />
xolmeobiTebis xmareba im epoqis literaturisaTvis<br />
ucxo ar iyo.<br />
amave rigs miekuTvneba is leqsebi, sadac lirikul gmirad<br />
personificirebuli buneba an cxovelTa samyaros romelime<br />
warmomadgeneli gvevlineba: `niblias anderZi~, `mercxlis sim-<br />
Rera~, `kurdRlis simRera~ da lirikuli prozis uSesaniSnavesi<br />
nimuSebi, rogoricaa `ia~, `mTis wyaro~, `mTani maRalni~ da sxvani.<br />
dialeqtizmebisagan es Txzulebanic sruliad Tavisufalia.<br />
axla vnaxoT vaJas dialeqtur metyvelebasTan damokidebulebis<br />
meore safexuri, roca mwerali dialeqtizms iyenebs rogorc<br />
mxatvrul saSualebas. rogorc ukve vTqviT, prozis nawilSi<br />
vaJa originaluri araa. misi originaloba poeziaSi, poemebis<br />
enaSi iCens Tavs. aq gansxvavdeba vaJa-fSavela Tavis TanamedroveTagan:<br />
im epoqebis poemebis ena mTlianad saliteraturoa,<br />
iq arsad Cans poemaTa personaJebis daxasiaTebis is xerxi, rasac<br />
farTod aqvs gza gaxsnili prozaul TxzulebebSi. aseTia ilias<br />
da akakis poemebis ena, romelTac vaJa, ueWvelia, icnobda da romelTa<br />
Tavis Semoqmedebaze nawilobriv gavlenasac TviTonve<br />
aRiarebda. vaJas im poemebSi, romelTa siuJetebic mTis garemo-<br />
Si iSleba, mkveTrad upirispirdeba erTmaneTs avtoriseuli da<br />
dailogebSi personaJTa metyveleba: avtoris ena literaturulia,<br />
personaJebisa _ dialeqturi. Tumca prozaikos vaJas da<br />
poet vaJas avtoriseul metyvelebis Soris dialeqtizmebTan<br />
188
damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT sxvaoba mainc aris. poemebis avtoriseul<br />
TxrobaSi araiSviaTad gamokrTis dialeqtizmi im doniT,<br />
rogorc es aris lirikis im nawilSi, sadac lirikuli gmiri<br />
avtoria. amiT axerxebs vaJa mkiTxvelis goneba mimarTos im garemosaken,<br />
sadac drama unda gaiSalos, an mianiSnos gmiris sadaurobaze,<br />
misi xasiaTis raRac Strixze. vnaxoT Tundac `baxtrionis”<br />
lirikuli Sesavali. saukeTeso literaturul TxrobaSi<br />
ucbad gamokrTeba:<br />
`mec migemebav igi rZe,<br />
riTac Tqven daizardeniT~,<br />
da mkiTxvels ar sWirdeba imis Tqma, rom qedebi, romlebsac<br />
poeti miesalmeba da romlebTanac miaqvs `salami gviani~, _ fSavis<br />
qedebia. an da iqve muxa-ifnebiT dafaruli `Subis wvrad” Cadgmuli<br />
gori, sadac: `ramdeni sipebi awyvav, moCans akldamis pirebi~.<br />
`awyvav~ da ara` awyvia~ imitom, rom, rogorc cota qvemoT<br />
vigebT: `es fSavelT salocavia, dRes dReobaa amisa~.<br />
`aluda qeTelauris~ SesavalSi avtori gviambobs, rom `macne<br />
movida Satilsa”, qistebma cxenebi daitaceso. samdevrod aluda<br />
emzadeba, vinac `kacia davlaTiani, safixvnos TavSi dajdebis,<br />
sityva maudis gziani~ da aludam `aisxa iaraRebi, g a a f x a -<br />
v i d i s xmalio, g a u S i n j i d i s vadani~. am leqsikuri da gramatikuli<br />
`xevsurizmebiT~ avtorma mkiTxveli xevsurul garemoSi<br />
Seiyvana, sadac unda gaTamaSdes mTeli Semdgomi drama. ambavi<br />
rom TuSeTSi momxdariyo, gmiri s a a n j m o s TavSi dajdeboda,<br />
xolo Tu igi fSaveli iqneboda, `b e R l i s k a r i d a n~<br />
etyoda xatis s a j a r e S i Sekrebil TanamoZmeebs `gzian~ sityvas<br />
_ vaJas mTis sxva kiloebis masalac uxvad aqvs Tavis enobriv<br />
arsenalSi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi marjved iyenebas mas.<br />
sul sxva suraTia, roca vaJa poemis personaJebs alaparakebs.<br />
ai kviriasa da sanaTas dialogi:<br />
189
190<br />
kviria: `xom ar ayrilan fSavelni,<br />
Cqam ro ar ismis xalxisa,<br />
rogorc minaxav, ar aris<br />
lxini kacis da qalisa.<br />
Senoba minda gavigo,<br />
var Tqveni miwawyalisa”.<br />
sanaTa: `Cem ra ikiTxvis, dedilas,<br />
uklosi, bediT Sevisa?<br />
davkarge yvela Tvistomi,<br />
vinac ki myvanda Tavisa~.<br />
vaJas samwerlo poeturi enis brwyinvale nimuSia poema `giglia~.<br />
esaa pirveli epikuri Txzuleba, romlis saxiTac saocari<br />
elvarebiT amoifrqva vaJas SemoqmedebiTi genia. ambavi Cveulebrivia,<br />
damaxasiaTebeli Zveli drois mTianeTis yofisaTvis: lekebi<br />
daecemian fSavis erT sofels, tyveebs gaitaceben. moZaladeebs<br />
mdevrad fSaveli vaJkaci mihyveba. mniSvneloba ara aqvs,<br />
ambavi namdvilad momxdaria Tu avtoris mier SeTxzuli _ siu-<br />
Jeti realisturia. aq Camoyalibda pirvelad klasikuri saxiT<br />
vaJas enobrrivi meTodi: gegmazomieri monacvleoba literaturuli<br />
da dialeqturi kiloebisa. magram es xom mxolod leqsad<br />
moTxrobili ambavi araa. es momajadoebeli musikaa, gasaocari<br />
simfoniuri poema, romelic naweria ara bgerobrivi, aramed sityvieri<br />
musikiT. poemis eqspozicia deda-Svilis, dis, mezoblis<br />
qalis dialogs warmoadgens, sufTa fSauri kilos damaxasiaTebeli<br />
leqsikiT da gramatikuli formebiT, rac qmnis erTis mxriv<br />
cxad vizualur suraTebs da meores mxriv TiTqos didi musikaluri<br />
qmnilebis uvertiurad xmianobs. aseve, fSauri kiloTi ikvris<br />
poemis kvanZi:
`axadi lekvebs auklav,<br />
iqiT wausxam tyveebi,<br />
su sisxliT gadaubasrav<br />
ukvenafSavis kldeebi~.<br />
Semdeg mihyvebi siuJetis ganviTarebis aRmaval xazs, sadac<br />
erTmaneTs saocari ritmulobiT cvlis mtrisken saomrad gamalebuli<br />
cxen-mxedari, maT kvalze dadevnebuli axadeli qalebis<br />
moTqma da zari, cocxali da aracocxali bunebis dinamiuri suraTebi<br />
_ da TiTqos yurs Caesmis raRac heroikuli musikis hangebi.<br />
ai poemis kulminaciac, moqmedebis ganviTarebis apoTeozi,<br />
gasaocari dinamika da aqac TiTqos beThovenuri musikis maJoruli<br />
xmianoba:<br />
`TiTqos ciT elva, moarda<br />
moyme ram svilisferia,<br />
xmals aprialebs gordasa,<br />
masze naTeli hfenia...<br />
erTi Savardnebr dahkivla:<br />
`axla ki Cemi jeria!”<br />
Suaze gasWra cxen-kaci,<br />
Sambs hkocnis xmlisa wveria”.<br />
magram gigliac mokles. moqmedebis damavali ritmi da aqac<br />
sityvieri musikis minoruli xmebi:<br />
`xevis pirzeda lodebzed<br />
giglia kvdeba xaria,<br />
ar unda gulxeldakrefa,<br />
kldes miubjenav mxaria;<br />
kvdeba gulsuwadinoda,<br />
mtrisa mihyveba javria.<br />
191
192<br />
roca giglia kvdeboda<br />
mTeb satiralze sxdeboda<br />
.................................................<br />
maRliT momfreni mTis wyaro<br />
siboalulisgan Sreboda~...<br />
samwuxaroa, rom statiis formatis gamo ar SemiZlia farTod<br />
gavSalo msjeloba am poeziis enobriv mxareze da kidev ufro samwuxaro<br />
isaa, rom Cemi musikaluri ganaTlebis nulovani donis<br />
gamo ar SemiZlia am poemis musikalur mxareze musikaluri terminologiiT<br />
msjeloba.<br />
vaJas geniis am epikur amofrqvevas mohyva poeturad amave<br />
stilisa da Zalis, oRond ideurad masze buvrad amaRlebuli,<br />
zogadsakacobrio doneebze gasuli kidev xuTi poema: `gogoTur<br />
da afSina~, `aluda qeTelauri~, `baxtrioni~, `stamar-maspinZeli~<br />
da `gvelis mWameli~.<br />
rogorc vTqviT, vaJas dialeqtebTan damokidebulebis mesame<br />
safexuri isaa, rom is Txzulebebis erT nawils marTlac fSaurad<br />
wers, prozas im SemTxvevaSi, roca mTxrobeli fSavelia;<br />
dramas, radgan mTeli moqmedeba fSavis istoriul sinamdvilezea<br />
gaSlili da moqmedi pirebi, cxadia, fSavlebi arian; lirikas<br />
maSin, roca leqsis lirikuli gmiri fSavelia. aseTi leqsebi bevria<br />
mis SemoqmedebaSi, CamoTvla Sors wagviyvanda. sanimuSod SeiZleba<br />
erT maTganze SevCerdeT. leqss `mwyemsis anderZi” hqvia.<br />
esaa (sxva bevris msgavsad) fSauri dialeqtiuri eniT dawerili,<br />
ise, rogorc ityodnen TavianT leqs-simRerebs fSaveli saxalxo<br />
mTqmelebi, imitom rom leqsis lirikuli gmiri fSaveli mecxvarea.<br />
`Tqven Tvalnimc damitireben,<br />
sworebo genacvleniTa,<br />
netavi mena, Tu miwa<br />
meRirsa Tqvenis xeliTa.<br />
..........................................
o SaiyrebiT cixegors<br />
an laSars, davlaTiansa,<br />
fSavlebo momigonodiT,<br />
dids aras mogcemT ziansa~.<br />
amave rigis Txzulebebs unda mivakuTvnoT poema `monadire~,<br />
romlis mTxrobelic da moqmedi piric fSaveli monadirea da misi<br />
samoqmedo arealic fSavis tyeebia.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas am Segnebulad gatarebuli enobrivi poziciis<br />
gamo Tavidanve gamouCnda araerTi gamkritikebel ganmaqiqebeli.<br />
maT kritikas vaJa umalve gamoexmaureboda xolme da aZlevda<br />
dasabuTebul, damajerebel pasuxebs. araiSviaTad, iqiTac<br />
sdebda brals zogs umecrebaSi, zogs mweralTa urTierT gavlenaze<br />
araswor SexedulebaSi, zogs zepirsityvierebis ucodinrobaSi<br />
da sxva. yvelgan vaJa dinji iyo, auRelvebeli. magram ai,<br />
vaJa iRebs didi poetis poeturad naTqvam TiTqos msubuq<br />
sayvedurs:<br />
`enas giwuneb fSavelo,<br />
mgosano maRal mTisao,<br />
Tumc ki gviTesav margalits,<br />
mkiTxvelic amas mkisao~.<br />
es sayveduri emwvava Zalian vaJa-fSavelas. emwvava da daaRona<br />
kidevac uzomod. daaRona da afiqra araerTi da ori weli.<br />
did akakis is ver Sehkadrebda verc saerTo umecrobas, verT poeziis<br />
da poetikis kanonebis ucodinrobas da verc sxvasa da<br />
verc sxvas. ara da upasuxobac ar SeiZleboda, is xom Rrmad iyo<br />
darwmunebuli Tavis simarTleSi. da ai bolos iqmneba vaJas poeziis<br />
kidev erTi Sedevri, `dagvianebuli pasuxi akakis~, romelsac<br />
kacma SeiZleba uwodos poeturi traqtati mwerlis enis Sesaxeb.<br />
mravlismetyvelia am ubadlo leqsis finali:<br />
193
194<br />
`me arc erT kilos ar vwunob,<br />
Tua qarTvelis gvarisa,<br />
moTayvane var yovlisa<br />
imaT tkilis da mwarisa.<br />
sxva ram mawuxebs, isa vsTqvaT,<br />
damxSobi mzis da mTvarisa,<br />
samSoblos damamxobeli<br />
da gamomjreli karisa...<br />
sjobs rom imaze vitiroT<br />
mudam mTqmeli var amisa...<br />
nu SegaSinebsT, ar gavnebsT<br />
mTidan yvirili xarisa~.<br />
mTidan anu poeturi simaRleebidan es xaruli kivili esmoda,<br />
esmis da gaigoneben momavalSic isini, visi guli da gonebac mzad<br />
iyo, mzad aris da mzad iqneba geniosTa mxatvruli naazrevis<br />
adekvaturad aRsaqmelad.<br />
bolos SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saTaveSive mcdari iyo debuleba,<br />
vaJa-fSavela fSaurad werso. Tumca am azrs literator-<br />
Tagan axla veRarsad gavigonebT, magram mkiTxvelTa wreebSi ki<br />
kvlavac boginobs igi. sworia debuleba, rom vaJas samwerlo<br />
enas, mis individualur stils, saliteraturo qarTulis<br />
uwyvet tradiciasTan erTad kvebavs fSauri dialeqturi metyvelebac.<br />
sityvis semantikis Rrma codna, misi feradovnebis,<br />
musikalobis, surnelebis ufaqizesi grZnoba saSualebas aZlevda<br />
poets Seeqmna rogorc ubadlo epikuri tiloebi, aseve, lirikuli<br />
poeziis brwyinvale Sedevrebi, romlebic ver Tavsdeba<br />
verc kuTxur da verc erovnul CarCoebSi, isini sityvieri xelovnebis<br />
zogadsakacobrio nimuSebia.
saarqivo-personificirebuli informacia _<br />
vaJa-fSavelas fsiqologiuri portretis<br />
kvlevis wyaro<br />
esma mania<br />
biografia specifikuri narativia. is moRvawis personaluri<br />
monacemebis Sesaxeb pozitiuri msjelobebis erTgvari nakrebia.<br />
pirovnebis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis asaxvis es forma xSirad<br />
stereotipulia, ris gamoc maTi biografiebi mxolod umniSvnelo<br />
faqtologiiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. es ki am tipis narativis<br />
standartulobasa da mis formalur bunebas ganapirobebs.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom moRvawis utyuari biografiis wyaro misi<br />
piradi arqivia.<br />
saarqivo dokumentebi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, TavisTavad<br />
imuxteba personaluri monacemebiT, moRvawis e. w. `fsiqologiuri<br />
niSnebiT~. saarqivo erTeulis personifikacia ara ZiriTadi,<br />
aramed meoreuli, cnobiersmiRmuri procesia. es ki imas<br />
niSnavs, rom pirovneba azrovnebis produqtis grafologiuri<br />
formiT gadmocemis dros `gascems~ sakuTar Tavs. pirovnebis<br />
rTuli fsiqikis kvaliT _ Tavisi ganwyobebiT, fiziologiuri<br />
mdgomareobebiT, sakuTari unarebiTa da CvevebiT, miswrafebebiT,<br />
cnobierisa da qvecnobieris konfliqtis Sedegad warmoqmnili<br />
atipiuri qmedebebiT, garemomcveli garemodan momdinare<br />
faqtorebiT _ aRibeWdeba TiToeuli avtografuli nimuSi.<br />
personificirebuli informaciis moZieba SeiZleba rogorc<br />
Sinaarsobriv-Janrobriv-Tematur, aseve teqnikur monacemebSi.<br />
is personaluri informaciis e. w. `sarkiseburi variantia~.<br />
rogorc pirovnebis portretis kvlevis wyaro, analitikurad<br />
ufro sandoa da Rrma, vidre biografiebisa Tu avtobiografiebis<br />
masalebi.<br />
195
orive tipis kvleva aramarto moRvawis fsiqologiuri portretis<br />
rekonstruqciis saSualebas iZleva, aramed epoqis Sesaxeb<br />
arapirdapir naTqvam, sxva naTqvamidan gamomdinare realobas<br />
gadmogvcems.<br />
zogjer sazogadoebebi, epoqidan epoqaSi uprotestod imeoreben<br />
erTxel sazogadoebaze Tavsmoxveul stereotipul damokidebulebebs.<br />
es ki, e. w. fasadur imijebs qmnis da simulaciis<br />
maRali xarisxiT erTgvar profanirebul, Sinaarsisagan daclil<br />
trafaretebs gvTavazobs. amitom CvenTvis sruliad ucnobi<br />
rCeba sazogado moRvaweTa realuri saxe. personificirebuli<br />
informaciebi ki am trafaretuli midgomebisagan Tavis aridebis<br />
saSualebas iZleva.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi piradi<br />
arqivi misi fsiqologiuri portretis pirveladi Strixebis-<br />
Tvis sagulisxmo sakvlev wyaroebs gvTavazobs.<br />
sainteresoa, rom, zogadad, finansuri angariSebi da xarj-<br />
TaRricxvebi XIX saukunis moRvaweebTan, ZiriTadad, rusul enaze<br />
warmoebs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom socialur da eTnikur saazrovnos<br />
Tav-Tavisi diferencirebuli ena aqvs. es konkretuli<br />
SemTxveva ki miuTiTebs imaze, rom am tipis yofa da azrovneba<br />
XIX saukunis bolos jer kidev ar ganixileba qarTuli eTnikuri<br />
sivrcis logikur konteqstSi.<br />
fulisadmi, rogorc relatiuri Rirebulebis mqone SesaZleblobisa<br />
Tu nivTisadmi, vaJa-fSavelas saorWofo, gaorebuli<br />
damokidebuleba aqvs. misTvis fuli yofiTi da, miT umetes,<br />
sulieri kulturis organuli nawili ar aris. is drois mier<br />
motanili erTgvari damatebiTi movlenaa, romelsac uxerxuli<br />
diskomfortis Setanac ki SeuZlia socialur movlenebSi. konfliqti,<br />
erTi mxriv, fulis, rogorc aucilebeli sayofacxovrebo<br />
saSualebisa da, meore mxriv, Rirsebis sferodan mis siSores<br />
Soris, qmnis vaJas specifikur damokidebulebas am sakiTxi-<br />
196
sadmi. vaJas mier Cawerili fSavuri eTnografiuli masalis pirveli<br />
gariTmuli dialogi swored am sakiTxs exeba:<br />
`_ foStis ful veRar giSovnav, xan nacval dagdevs, xan gziri,<br />
_ ra fuli, Seni Wirime, saSovn ar aris advili,<br />
iWreba peterburRSia, me iq fulisad sad vivli!~ (xec, vaJafSavelas<br />
piradi fondi № 225).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavisi publicisturi werili `umaduri<br />
gamomcemeli~ misTvis gadaxdil arasakmaris honorars exeba,<br />
mTel Semdgom msjelobas, romelic motyuebuli avtoris gulwrfeli<br />
gulistkiviliTaa gajerebuli, erTgvarad amarTlebs<br />
werilis pirveli abzaci: `Tumca saCoTirod mimaCnia saubari am<br />
saganze, razec dRes momixda mkiTxvelTan, magram ra gaewyoba:<br />
Tqmaca sWirs, uTqmelobac. Tqma imitom Wirs, rom fulze da<br />
angariSebze wera beWdviTi sityvis Seuracxyofad mimaCnia;<br />
gavCumde da araferi vsTqva, esec SeuZlebelia~ (vaJa-fSavela<br />
1964: 278). faqts, rom `fuli peterburRSi iWreba~, socialuri<br />
urTierTobebis es forma sxva geografiasa da sxva kulturaSi<br />
gadaaqvs, Tumca bolo frazaSi: `me iq fulisad sad vivli~, sagulisxmoa<br />
sityva `sad~ da ara `ar~. SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT,<br />
rom avtors geografiuli siSoriT gamowveul sirTulesTan er-<br />
Tad, erTgvari, gakvriTi sinanuli, qvecnobieri konfliqtic ki<br />
aqvs gamoxatuli am frazaSi.<br />
vaJa-fSavela `moambis~ redaqcias 1896 wels swerda: `gigzavniT<br />
poemas `ivane kotoraSvilis ambavi,~ romelic Rirs oTxi<br />
Tumani (str. 5 k.) da vinZlo TibaTvis wignSi dahbeWdoT. Tu vinicobaa<br />
calke wignad dabeWdva moiwadinoT, neba gaqvsT, dabeWdoT.<br />
mxolod im pirobiT, rom momceT xuTi Tumani, da dahbeWdoT<br />
TqvenTvis gasasyidad <strong>150</strong>0 ekz. anarada amdenive dahbeWdoT<br />
da naxevari me Semosavlidam da naxevari Tqven...~ (xec, vaJafSavelas<br />
piradi fondi № 228).<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom teqstSi gadaxazulia CanarTi: `ginaca fulisa<br />
Tqven iciT, rogorc gamoh...~ fraza dausrulebelia. es<br />
197
`moambis~ redaqciisaTvis, da ara sajaro publikaciisTvis, gankuTvnili<br />
werili zemoT xsenebul publicistur werilze 13<br />
wliT adrea dawerili. Tavidan avtori SemdegSi ukve gadaxazuli<br />
striqoniT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebul uxerxulobas erTgvarad<br />
Tavs aridebs, Tumca Semdgom striqons auqmebs. orive<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc sajaro, aseve pirad werilSi, igrZnoba avtoris<br />
diskomforti, is am gadaxazuli fragmentiT srulebiT<br />
icvlis pozicias da, Sinagani konfliqtis miuxedavad, sakmaod<br />
mizanmimarTuli, logikuri da principuli rCeba.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrionis~ avtografuli Savi nusxis (xec,<br />
vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №149) bolo gverdze daweril finansur<br />
xarjTaRricxvebSi Tanxis maqsimaluri odenoba ar aRemateba<br />
50 rubls. savaraudoa, rom metad mwiri finansuri SesaZleblobis<br />
mqone adamians Tavisi saukeTeso nawarmoebis bolo<br />
gverdze es gamoTvlebi misaRebi honoraris savaraudo odenobis<br />
dasadgenad uwarmoebia (rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, `ivane kotoraSvilis<br />
ambavis~ dabeWdvisTvis vaJa-fSavelas oTxi Tumani mouTxovia).<br />
sxvaTa Soris, cnobili faqtia, rom vaJa-fSavela saqarTvelos<br />
raionebs Soris yvelaze kmayofili quTaisidan dabrunebula,<br />
sadac misTvis Coxa da 5 Tumani usaxsovrebiaT. vaJa<br />
am saCuqars uzomod gauxarebia. aqedan gamomdinare, 5 Tumani,<br />
rogorc soliduri sasaCuqre Tanxa da rogorc sakmaod vrceli<br />
mxatvruli nawarmoebis sahonoraro safasuri, ver vityviT, rom<br />
am raodenobis fulis maRal kursze miuTiTebs. Cvens am varauds<br />
ilia WavWavaZis ubis wignakis angariSebic adasturebs. erT-erT<br />
gverdze Cveuli mowesrigebulobiT daxazul cxrils aseTi sa-<br />
Tauri aqvs: `Cemi marTebi _ miviRe~ (igulisxmeba valebi). ilias-<br />
Tvis valebi daubrunebiaT petre gruzinskis — 450, saSa orbelians<br />
282, anton furcelaZes — 75, iakob mansvetaSvils — 15 — rubli~<br />
(xec, ilia WavWavaZis piradi fondi № 62). sainteresoa, rom<br />
sesxad gacemuli Tanxis zeda da qveda zRvars Soris didi amplitudaa.<br />
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom es imdroindeli valutis zed-<br />
198
metad maRal kurszec ar miuTiTebs, amitomac dabali qveda<br />
zRvari (15 rubli) sazogado moRvaweTa mwir finansur SesaZleblobebze<br />
gviqmnis warmodgenas. Tu `baxtrionis~ honorarad 50<br />
rubls vigulisxmebT, iakob mansvetaSvilisTvis 15 rubli umniSvnelo<br />
ar unda yofiliyo.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom vaJa-fSavelas arqivSi es angariSebi iSviaTad<br />
scildeba orniSna cifrebs, maSin rodesac, misi erTi Canaweris<br />
Tanaxmad, `piriqiTlebis gasavali fulebis~ siaSi (xec,<br />
vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 159) arc erTi orniSna ricxvi ar<br />
aris (120-idan 400-mde meryeobs), rac kidev erTxel adasturebs,<br />
rom vaJa-fSavela, am TvalsazriiT, sakmaod mokrZalebulad<br />
cxovrobda.<br />
imis dasadastureblad, rom fuls am eTnikur sivrceSi Tavisi<br />
logikuri adgili ara aqvs, rom is Tavisi zedmetad `specifikuri~<br />
faseulobrivi mniSvnelobiT ver ewereba qarTuli socialur-kulturuli<br />
sivrcis konteqstSi, isic mowmobs, rom qar-<br />
Tul teqstebSi vaJa fulis erTeulis aRsaniSnavad rublis rusul<br />
inicials iyenebs.<br />
erTgan gvxvdeba vaJas mier nayidi nivTebis es sia: `lursmani<br />
_ 20, flostebi _ 60, Sali qarT. _ 160, Sali TuS. _ 50, sakabe<br />
Tamarisa _ 3, waRebi levanisTvis _ 5~ (xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi<br />
fondi № 156). qalaqSi, sayidlebze vaJa-fSavela, bunebrivia,<br />
TviTon dadioda. mis mier nayid nivTTa Soris yvelaze dabalfasiani<br />
Tamaris (qaliSvilis) sakabe yofila. sagulisxmo faqtia,<br />
rom vaJa arsebuli socialuri yofis Sesabamisadac da ojaxis<br />
pativiscemis niSnadac, TviTon arCevda Svilebis _ levanisa<br />
da Tamaris samoss, romelic, fasidan gamomdinare, Zalian ubralo,<br />
sada da upretenzioc unda yofiliyo.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas saarqivo masalis Seswavlis Sedegad mis portrets<br />
Tavisebur Strixebs hmatebs misi avtografebis araTematuri,<br />
ZiriTad teqstTan kompoziciurad daukavSirebeli minawerebi,<br />
romelTagan procentulad didi wili qarTul-rusuli<br />
199
kombinaciiT Sedgenili frazebia: `Я _ pavle razikaSvili, luka<br />
pavles Ze razikaSvili~... (xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №156).<br />
200<br />
gvxvdeba am xasiaTis gariTmuli Canaweri:<br />
`Господин Господин!<br />
ar mwadin, ar mwadin,<br />
aramzadin, aramzadin,<br />
din, din, n...<br />
Колокольчик!~.<br />
(xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 43)<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom es teqsti fonetikuri variaciebiT (ar mwadin,<br />
aramzadin), grafemuli da emociuri TvalsazrisiT, erTgvarad<br />
daRmavali gradaciiT viTardeba. uaryofiTi formebiT<br />
imdenad knindeba hiperbolizebuli biurokratiuli statusi<br />
(`Господин~), rom mTeli sityvisgan rCeba jer bolo marcvali _<br />
`din~, xolo Semdeg ki erTi bgera _`n~. `Господин~ sakuTari<br />
Tavis Semadgenel ukanasknel bgeras utoldeba. sayrdengamoclili<br />
ideologiuri siyalbe erTgvarad kravs mTeli teqstis<br />
qveteqstur formulas: Господин-Колокольчик. swored am proporcias<br />
emsaxureba or rusul sityvas Soris moqceuli damxmare<br />
qarTuli teqsti.<br />
`Господин~ rogorc satiruli socialuri da zneobrivi statusi,<br />
sxva adgilasac gvxvdeba. vaJa-fSavela erT-erT grafikul<br />
Canaxats axlavs minaweri: `Господин _ Книгопрадавец – кролик!~<br />
(xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №143).<br />
rusul-qarTuli kombinaciebi, formis TvalsazrisiT, msubuqad,<br />
Tumca sakmaod principuli da tendenciuri SinaarsebiT<br />
gamoxatuli erTgvari ironizebuli aqcentebia. enis erT monoliTur<br />
sistemaSi sxva enis statistikurad umniSvnelo, magram<br />
sakvanZo elementebis SemoWra cnobierebis marginalizaciacaa<br />
da nacionaluri identobis ryevis xazgasmac. sagulisxmoa, rom
es minawerebi bunebrivi, danarCen monacemebTan absoluturad<br />
daukavSirebeli, TavisTavadi Rirebulebis mqone mTlianobaa,<br />
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, leqsTan da angariSebTan, meore SemTxvevaSi<br />
ki, or sxvadasxva leqss, ucxo piris xelwerilsa da vaJaseul<br />
grafikul portretul Canaxats Soris gvaqvs mocemuli da erTmniSvnelovnad<br />
xsnis avtoris qvecnobier ganwyobebs. `Я _ pavle<br />
razikaSvili, luka pavles Ze razikaSvili~ _ sulac ar aris<br />
uwyinari tolfardoba _ rusuli piris nacvalsaxeli `Я~ leqsikuradac<br />
utoldeba identificirebul gvarsa da saxels da<br />
ideologiuradac. avtori SesaniSnavad grZnobs, rom rusulqarTuli<br />
realobebiT gajerebuli urTierTobebi ukve miRebuli<br />
da danergilia qarTul sazogadoebaSi. amitomac am faqtis<br />
gamo gaCenili protesti, rogorc es qvecnobier gancdas Seefereba,<br />
ase uadgilod, ase moulodneli remarkebis saxiT Cndeba<br />
mis samuSao-saarqivo furclebze.<br />
sayuradReboa, rom vaJas mier Cawerili fSavuri leqsebis er-<br />
Ti krebuli (xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 224) 29 leqss<br />
aerTianebs. misi interesTa sferos konturebis gansazRvra am<br />
xalxur nawarmoebTa Tematikis raodenobrivi analiziTacaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
29 leqsidan 12 omisa da kai-ymobis Tematikas, danar-<br />
Ceni 17 ki qalis gauwonasworebel bunebasa, misadmi undoblobasa<br />
da, amave dros, gemoTmoyvareobas, ufunqciobasa da sulierebas<br />
Soris konfliqts Seexeba. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, fSavur<br />
eTnografiul masalas specifikur xibls aZlevs is emociuri<br />
gaxsniloba da silaRe, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, wyevlasa da<br />
uxamsobebSi gamoixateba da romlebsac, rogorc mTis koloritul-miTosuri<br />
azrovnebis segmentebs, vaJa ar erideba.<br />
vfiqrobT, sainteresoa erTi dakvirveba: miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom rogorc kai-yma-mamakacobis, aseve dedakacobis konceptualuri<br />
sazrisi vaJas zedmiwevniT kargad esmis, is erTi da imave<br />
warmoebis kompozitebs `dedakaci~ da `mamakaci~ pirvelyofil<br />
201
unebas imiT unarCunebs, rom `mamakacs~ erTcnebian kompozitad<br />
aRiqvams da, Sesabamisad, erTad wers, xolo `deda-kacs~ orcnebianad<br />
miiCnevs da cnebaTagamyarad tires iyenebs.<br />
detaluri grafologiuri analizi, bunebrivia, bevr sakiTxs<br />
mohfens naTels, magram Cveni pirveladi dakvirvebiT, SegviZlia<br />
davaskvnaT, rom xelrTva-faqsimiles moyvanilobisa da struqturis<br />
sxvadasxvaoba xSir SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia im nawarmoebTa<br />
Tematikaze, romelTac es faqsimileebi axlavs. vaJas<br />
faqsimiles moxazulobas lirizmi maSin etyoba, rodesac satrfialo<br />
leqszea miwerili, maneruli stili maSina aqvs, roca<br />
sakiTxi simboloebiT, xatsaxovnadaa gadaazrebuli, xveulebi<br />
da rTuli CanarTebi maSin aqvs, roca samyaroSi adamianis bedze<br />
ritorikuli paTosiT saubrobs.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas xelnawerebis arqeografiuli aRweriloba ase-<br />
Tia: is sawer masalad A-4-is formatze didi zomis qaRalds iyenebs,<br />
romlebsac xSirad horizontalurad kecavs. iyenebs Sav,<br />
lurj, zogjer mwvane feris melans. xSirad wers fanqriT, redaqtirebas<br />
akeTebs kalmiT. xSirad acxovelebs teqsts. iyenebs<br />
teqstis dasrulebis ovalur da momrgvalo formis grafikul<br />
niSnebs. erT gverdze moTavsebul yvela calkeul nawarmoebs<br />
calke awers xels. teqstis organizebis TvalsazrisiT, saarqivo<br />
erTeulTa gverdebi qaoturia da SemTxveviTi principiTaa Sevsebuli.<br />
xSirad gvxvdeba erT gverdze teqstis rogorc horizontaluri,<br />
aseve vertilakuri ganlageba. sqolios niSnad<br />
jvars iyenebs. rogorc Sinaarsobrivad, aseve teqnikurad metad<br />
Tamamad asworebs teqsts, ris gamoc mis arqivSi e. w. `Savi~ nawerebis<br />
wili bevrad aRemateba `TeTrs~.<br />
vaJa-fSavela Tavisi miTologizebuli da sakralizebuli azrovnebiT<br />
Zalian bevri Tanamedrove moRvawis yuradRebas ipyrobda.<br />
1909 wels Tavis sanaqsaridan gamogzavnil werilSi episkoposi<br />
kirioni (saZagliSvili) tarasi kandelaks swerda: `Tu vaJa<br />
fSavela mand iyos, hkiTxe, kopaleoba rodis modis? sad aris um-<br />
202
Tavresi misi sadResaswaulo eklesia? rogor dResaswauloben?<br />
kopales saxeliT romel wmidans scemen Tayvans? misi salocavebi<br />
sad da ra adgilas arian? xalxSi ra gadmocemaa kopalezed?<br />
rodis SemouRiaT es dReoba saqarTveloSi? legenda Tu ram<br />
aris am xatis Sesaxeb xalxSi darCenili?~ (xec, kirion saZagliSvilis<br />
piradi fondi № 97).<br />
rogorc Cans, episkopos kirions mudmivi miwer-mowera hqonda<br />
vaJa-fSavelasTan. Tumca yofila SemTxvevebi, roca sasuliero<br />
pirisTvis poetis folklorul Sexedulebebs gansakuTrebuli<br />
siaxle ar mohqonda, xSirad is sakuTar interpretaciebs<br />
amatebda da Sesworebebi Sehqonda calkeul toponimTa, termin-<br />
Ta da cnebaTa warmomavlobisa Tu ganmartebis saqmeSi.<br />
1909 wels episkoposi kirioni isev tarasi kandelaks swerda:<br />
`vaJa-fSavelas werili kopalezed maSin miviRe, rodesac koreqtura<br />
gagzavnili mqonda. me ufro meti cnobebi myavs moyvanili~<br />
(xec, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi fondi №107).<br />
rogorc Cans, episkoposs 1910-iani wlebis dasawyisSi vaJafSavelasTvis<br />
miumarTavs laSarobis dResaswaulis warmomavlobis<br />
axsnis TxovniT. vaJa-fSavelas am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
1888 wels dauweria eTnografiuli werili `laSaroba~<br />
(`laSroba~, rogorc es dedanSia), sadac aRwerilia am saxalxo<br />
dResaswaulis adaTebi. misi avtografuli dedani dRes xelnawerTa<br />
erovnul centrSi inaxeba(xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi<br />
№ 215). 1903 wels gazeT `cnobis furcelSi~ gamoqveynebula<br />
sxva werili: `laSaris jvris dReoba anu laSaroba~. vaJa-fSavelas<br />
TxzulebaTa aTtomeulSi swored am werilis variantul redaqciad<br />
aris miCneuli eTnografiuli werili `saidam warmosdga<br />
laSaroba?~. es ukve mesame werilia am sakiTxze. es ukanaskneli<br />
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi inaxeba da dauTariRebelia<br />
(xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 217). is laSarobis rituals<br />
ki ar xsnis, aramed mis warmomavlobas, momdinareobas, riTac mas<br />
203
saerTo TiTqmis araferi aqvs im ZiriTad teqstTan, romlis<br />
variantul sxvaobadac aris miCneuli akademiur gamocemaSi.<br />
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi kirion meores arqivSi daculia<br />
1913 wliT daTariRebuli misi werili tarasi kandelakisadmi,<br />
am droisaTvis mas ukve miuRia werili vaJa-fSavelasgan, ris<br />
Sexebac is pirad werilSi werda: `wawlobaze swore ara mgonia<br />
azri vaJa-fSavelasi. wawlobas araviTari saerTo ram ara aqvs<br />
raindobasTan. wawloba laSa giorgize adre unda yofiliyo<br />
fSavelebSi. saxelwodeba laSaris jvari rom marTla iyos warmomdgari<br />
laSasagan, maSin Cveni enis kanoniT, laSas jvari iqneboda<br />
da ara laSaris jvari. laSaris jvari, Cemi azriT, swarmoebs<br />
sityvidan `laSqari~. aqedan laSqaris anu laSaris jvari,<br />
romelic omianobis win laSqris win mohqondaT da mSvidobianobis<br />
dros im salocavSi esvena, romelsac xalxi uwodebs laSaris<br />
jvrad. qarTlSic aris salocavebi: mcxeTis jvari, goris jvari,<br />
garejvari...~ (xec, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi fondi №139).<br />
rogorc Cans, werili `saidam warmosdga laSaroba?~ vaJafSavelam<br />
kirion episkoposis argumentebis sapasuxod dawera.<br />
teqtSi TanmimdevrobiT aris pasuxi gacemuli yvela im argumentze,<br />
romlebic saeWvod da aradamajereblad CaTvala episkoposma.<br />
is faqti, rom werili `saidam warmosdga laSaroba?~ namdvilad<br />
kirionis sapasuxo unda iyos, adasturebs werilis gadaSlili<br />
qvesaTauri: `kidev laSarobazed~, romel sakiTxzedac<br />
vaJas mesamed mouwia ganmartebam. rac yvelaze sainteresoa, es<br />
teqsti standartuli TxrobiT ki ar iwyeba, aramed erTgvari<br />
kontrargumentiT, mtkicebiT: `dasamtkiceblad imisa, rom la-<br />
Saroba daerqva dReobas laSa-giorgisgan Sewirulis wmidis<br />
giorgis xatis gamo, SegviZlian moviyvanoT sabuTebi...~ rogorc<br />
vnaxeT, episkopos kirionis mosazrebiT, laSaroba `laSqridan~<br />
unda momdinareobdes da ara laSa-giorgisgan. xolo vaJa-fSavela<br />
am teqsts ase askvnis: `rac zemoT vsTqviT, mkiTxvels iqi-<br />
204
dam SeuZliaT TviTon gamoitanos azri _ laSaroba `laSqroba~<br />
da `laSas jvris dReobaa~.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas fsiqologiuri pirtretis dasaxasiaTeblad,<br />
vfiqrobT, sagulisxmo Strixia is, rom am pasuxs polemikis formas<br />
ar aZlevs, arsad axsenebs misTvis ase pativsacem sasuliero<br />
moRvawes. qvesaTauric ki `kidev laSarobaze~ dedanSi gadauxazavs.<br />
rac Seexeba am werilis daTariRebas, 1913-14 wlebSi unda<br />
iyos dawerili, kirion episkoposis tarasi kandelakisadmi gagzavnili<br />
werilis Semdeg.<br />
es da sxva sakmaod rTuli da mravalSriani sakiTxi saarqivo<br />
erTeulTa specifikaze, personificirebul informaciaze, rogorc<br />
informaciis alternatul wyaroze da maTi kompleqsuri<br />
kvlevis sirTulesa da aucileblobaze miuTiTebs.<br />
saarqivo masala mxolod memorialuri artefaqtebi ki ara,<br />
bevrad mniSvnelovani sakvlevi wyaroebis Semcvelia da iq pirovnebaTa<br />
portretebi bevrad ufro adamianuria da bunebrivi,<br />
vidre bografiebis trafaretuli midgomebi. personificirebuli<br />
informacia megapersonaluri informaciaa Tavisi arabanaluri,<br />
originaluri, winaswarganuzraxveli, sruliad moulodneli<br />
wyaroebiT. Sesabamisad, Tavisi specifikidan gamomdinare,<br />
es masala detalur arqeografiul da kodikologiur kvlevebs<br />
saWiroebs.<br />
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1964: `umaduri gamomcemeli~. vaJa-fSavelas TxzulebaTa<br />
sruli krebuli aT tomad, IX t. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,<br />
1964.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №225: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 225.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №228: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №228.<br />
205
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №149: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №149.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №143: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №143.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №156: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №156.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №159: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №159.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №224: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №224.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №215: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №215.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi №217: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi №217.<br />
xec, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi fondi №97: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi saarqivo fondi №97.<br />
xec, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi fondi №107: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi saarqivo fondi №107.<br />
xec, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi fondi №139: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, kirion saZagliSvilis piradi saarqivo fondi №139.<br />
xec, ilia WavWavaZis piradi fondi №62: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, ilia WavWavaZis piradi saarqivo fondi № 62 .<br />
206
eTer qavTaraZe<br />
vaJa-fSavelas arqivi xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi<br />
bednieria mkiTxveli, romelsac Tavisi didi mwerlis da moRvawis<br />
arqivi SemorCa, radgan arqivi, rogori mwiric unda iyos<br />
dokumentebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, mudam Seicavs araxilul,<br />
siRrmiseul informaciebs. amitom is istoriografiis<br />
erT-erTi Zlieri da cocxali wyaroa. yovel arqivSi wami SeCerebulia,<br />
rogorc fotokadrSi da misi wakiTxvis unarzea damokidebuli<br />
epoqis gacocxlebis xarisxi. istoriis ama Tu im monakveTis<br />
socialur-politikur, fsiqologiur, msoflmxedvelobriv,<br />
kulturul-eTikur fonze ikiTxeba moRvawis cxovreba<br />
da, Sesabamisad, es fonic aisaxeba. amdenad, yoveli arqivi sagaa<br />
epoqaze, oRond gamorCeuli, dokumenturobis ganumeorebeli<br />
xibliT Seferili. siRrmiseuli wakiTxvis Semdeg yoveli arqivi<br />
iseTsave sevdas tovebs, rogorc epoqaluri movlenebiT gajerebuli<br />
didtaniani mxatvruli nawarmoebi. amiT igi mxatvruli<br />
datvirTvis matarebelicaa.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, vaJa-fSavelas arqivic gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas iZens. rTulia vaJas arqivis istoria; igi gabneulia<br />
sxvadasxva sacavSi. misi ZiriTadi nawili inaxeba xelnawerTa<br />
erovnul centrSi, literaturis muzeumsa da centralur<br />
erovnul arqivSi. statiaSi SemovifarglebiT xelnawerTa erovnul<br />
centrSi dacul masalaze saubriT. Tavis mxriv, am arqivsac<br />
Tavisi istoria aqvs. igi Seqmnilia xelnawerTa S, A, H, Q koleqciebidan<br />
amokrebili masaliT 1958 wels, mas Semdeg, rac saqar-<br />
Tvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnawerTa ganyofileba calke<br />
institutad Camoyalibda. es is masalaa, romelic Tavis droze<br />
inaxeboda wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel, saistorio da saeTnografio<br />
sazogadoebebsa da saeklesio muzeumSi.<br />
207
vaJa-fSavelas arqivi 262 erTeulisagan Sedgeba. Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti masala ZiriTadad avtografebs warmoadgens. arqivSi daculia<br />
vaJas leqsebi, poemebi, moTxrobebi, publicisturi werilebi<br />
da Targmanebi. mimoweraSi vaJas mxolod sami werilia. aris<br />
vaJasTan miwerili giorgi baqraZis, dimitri dumbaZis, paolo<br />
iaSvilis, aleqsandre maTurelis, Sio mRvimelis, sandro SanSiaSvilis,<br />
sandro razikaSvilis, siko faSaliSvilis, ivane ciskariSvilisa<br />
da sxvaTa werilebi.<br />
arqivSi SemoqmedebiTi masalis udidesi nawili leqsebia. kodikologiur-paleografiuli<br />
analizis Sedegad dazustda ramdenime<br />
leqsis daweris TariRi. erT xelnawerSi (xec, vaJa-fSavelas<br />
fondi, № 28) moTavsebulia ori leqsi _ `zmaneba~ (movidnen,<br />
modgnen aCrdilni...) da `gazafxuli~ (kidev veRirse gazafxuls...).<br />
1964 wlis akademiur gamocemaSi (vaJa-fSavela 1964: 240,<br />
290). orive leqsi daTariRebulia nabeWdi teqstebis mixedviT,<br />
radgan avtografuli xelnawerebi uTariRoa. `zmaneba~ daibeWda<br />
gazeT `iveriaSi~(`iveria~, 1901 wlis 25 dekemberi, № 280), xolo<br />
`gazafxuli~ _ Jurnal `moambeSi~ 1898 wels ( `moambe~, 1898<br />
weli, № 4). xelnaweri № 28 Sesrulebulia erTnair qaRaldze,<br />
erTnairi melniT, erTi xelweriTa da kalmiT. savaraudoa, rom<br />
orive leqsi erTdroulia. adreul TariRad, ra Tqma unda, 1898<br />
weli unda miviRoT, radgan jerjerobiT sxva informacia ar<br />
gagvaCnia. leqsi `zmanebac~ am TariRze gvian ver daiwereboda.<br />
igive suraTia sxva xelnawerSic (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi, №<br />
42), sadac Sesulia leqsi `mtrisamc gulia aseTi~. es leqsi akademiur<br />
gamocemaSi daTariRebulia nabeWdi variantiT (gazeTi<br />
`cnobis furclis suraTebiani damateba~, 1904 wlis 28 marti, №<br />
205). aqve moTavsebuli meore leqsi `ocnebav Cangi momarTe~<br />
daibeWda imave gazeTSi (gazeTi `cnobis furclis suraTebiani<br />
damateba~, 1903 wlis 2 oqtomberi, № 164). orive leqsis daweris<br />
TariRad 1903 weli unda miviRoT.<br />
208
№ 43 avtograful xelnawerSi (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi, №<br />
43) erT furcelze sami leqsia moTavsebuli: 1. `simRera~ (cxovrebam<br />
ar Semibrala...), 2. usaTauro (RmerTma daswyevlos eSmaki...),<br />
3. usaTauro (uambes bebers berdias...). akademiuri gamocemis<br />
mixedviT, pirveli leqsi daTariRebulia 1904 wliT (literaturis<br />
muzeumis daTariRebuli avtografuli xelnaweris mixedviT),<br />
meore uTariRoebSia gatanili, mesame ki daTariRebulia<br />
1906 wliT. TariRdeba nabeWdi variantiT (gazeTi `iveria~,<br />
1906 wlis 20 agvisto, № 25). kodikologiur-paleografiuli<br />
niSnebis mixedviT, es sami leqsi erTdrouladaa Seqmnili da<br />
1904 wliT unda daTariRdes.<br />
№ 134 (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi, № 134) xelnaweri Seicavs<br />
leqsebs: `gana kacia?!~ da `melias simRera~. xelnaweris meore<br />
gverdze moTavsebulia vaJa-fSavelas gancxadeba Tbilisis TavadaznaurTa<br />
winamZRolis saxelze. sTxovs, mis Svils Tbilisis<br />
saTavadaznauro skolis moswavles levan razikaSvils dauniSnon<br />
stipendia. gancxadeba dawerilia rusul enaze. akademiur<br />
gamocemaSi leqsebi Setanilia uTariRoebSi. am leqsebis daTariReba<br />
SeiZleba levanis saTavadaznauro skolaSi swavlis periodis<br />
garkveviT.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, momdevno arqeografiul-kodikologiuri<br />
analizi kidev axali dazustebebis saSualebas mogvcems.<br />
xelnaweri № 30 (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi, № 30) sainteresoa<br />
im TvalsazrisiT, rom iq moTavsebulia vaJas gamouqveynebeli<br />
Canaweri: `saqarTvelos mwerlaT~. igi ar Sesula 1964 wlis akademiur<br />
gamocemaSi. cnoba mis Sesaxeb gatanilia mxolod SeniSvnebSi<br />
(vaJa-fSavela 1964: 408). xelnaweri dazianebulia, marjvena<br />
gverdi isea Camoxeuli, teqstis nawilic dakargulia. ikiTxeba<br />
Semdegi: `akaki _ ra kargi, ilia _ ucxo xilia, caxeli — calxeli,<br />
iakob _ `deda enasa~ vSob..., grigoli _ muzebis mimyoli,<br />
SoTa _ Sors gaabota, daviT _ guliT mwvaviT~. imave furcel-<br />
209
ze moTavsebuli leqsi `kiTxva-pasuxi~ akademiur gamocemaSi<br />
daTariRebulia nabeWdi variantiT (gazeTi `iveria~, 1901 wlis<br />
20 dekemberi, № 276). xelnaweris erTi ganieri furceli gakecilia<br />
samad. erT-erT dazianebul furcelzea moTavsebuli Cven-<br />
Tvis saintereso `saqarTvelos mweralTa~.<br />
vaJas werili mixeil lobJaniZesTan (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi,<br />
№ 229) akademiur gamocemaSi gamoqveynebulia kupiuriT. koniunqturuli<br />
mosazrebiT amoRebulia abzaci, romelic ilias<br />
mkvlelobas Seexeba. am abzacSi ikiTxeba: `daselebis (igulisxmeba<br />
mesame dasi, e.q.) saqcieli rodi makvirvebs. sxva ra dahrCeniaT<br />
sacodavebs? maS, sxviT riT gamoisyidon Tavis danaSauli, Tu ar<br />
jambazobiT?! ilias mokvliT magaT Tavisi Tavi, Tavis moZRvreba<br />
mohkles da nuTu hgoniaT akakis pativiscemiT daibrunon<br />
kvalad sicocxle? sul tyuilia.~<br />
gamovyofT kidev erT moments, vaJas SemoqmedebiT dainteresebuli<br />
mkiTxvelisaTvis marTlac sagangebos. ramdenime avtograful<br />
nusxaze (xec, vaJa-fSavelas fondi, № № 18, 28, 143) mo-<br />
Tavsebulia grafikuli Canaxatebi. Znelia, eWvi SevitanoT vaJas<br />
avtorobaSi, radgan Sesrulebulia zed teqstze teqstis melniT<br />
da kalmiT (vgulisxmobT kalmis monaxazis zomas).<br />
vaJas arqivi mraval fiqrs aRZravs yvela TvalsazrisiT. maradiuli<br />
sakacobrio problemebis matarebeli misi Semoqmedeba<br />
yoveli Taobis kuTvnilebaa da, Sesabamisad, yoveli Taoba sakuTari<br />
problemebis WrilSi Seiswavlis mas, rac SeuZlebelia<br />
avTenturi masalis momarjvebis gareSe. qarTuli filologia<br />
valSia vaJas arqivis winaSe. arqivTmcodneobis ZiriTadi principi<br />
centralizaciis principia. amitom yovlad saSuri saqmea am<br />
arqivis gaerTianeba mecnieruli aRwerilobis doneze, radgan<br />
arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza misi fizikuri gaerTianebis sa-<br />
Sualebas ar iZleva.<br />
210
vaJa-fSavelas arqivSi aris striqonebs Sua amosakiTxi informaciebi<br />
im epoqasa da garemoze, romelSic fizikur cxovrebaSi<br />
iRvawa poetma. msoflSegrZnebiTi TvalsazrisiT, Semoqmedi<br />
ori samyaros realizebas emsaxureba. erTia is, romelSic realobas<br />
asaxavs yofiT Tu filosofiur WrilSi da meore _<br />
Tavisi sulis moZraobas, sulis realobas aZlevs materialur<br />
saxes sityvaSi. vaJa yovelnairi mkiTxvelis mweralia. Tu mkiTxvelTa<br />
garkveuli wrisaTvis igi isaa, vinc Tqva, mtrisTvis mteroba<br />
RmerTma gaaCinao, an is, vinc aludas Seuqo, rom `bevrs<br />
qists moaWra marjvena~, garkveuli wrisTvis mTlianad isaa vaJa,<br />
visac aRmoxda, `balaxi viyo saTibi, ara mwadian celoba, cxvradve<br />
mamyofe iseva, oRond amSordes mgeloba~. es aris misi sulis<br />
sityvebad amofrqveuli realoba.<br />
vaJam mTlianad SemouSva buneba Tavis arsebaSi da bunebamac<br />
yvela gza gauxsna, ramac samyaros mTlianobis harmoniisa da<br />
maradiulobis gancdas aziara.<br />
vaJas arqivis saSualebiT ikveTeba zneobrivi gmiri ara mxolod<br />
fiqrTa mdinarebiT, aramed cxovrebis wesiT, im didi siyvaruliT<br />
da zrunviT, romelsac garSemo myofTaTvis gaiRebda.<br />
amitom gveZvirfaseba vaJas xeliT Cawerili fermkrTali adamianebis<br />
saxelebi, romelTa samyaroSi arseboba mxolod vaJas kalamma<br />
daafiqsira. meRoreebi basila jangiraSvili da Saqro<br />
RviniaSvili, mariam maTiaSvili, romelsac gancxadeba Seudgina<br />
rusul enaze, abrama akofovi, duSeTis quCa № 25-Si rom cxovrobda.<br />
gveZvirfaseba miT ufro, rom es saxelebi leqsebis avtograful<br />
nusxebzea miwerili.<br />
arqivi sakraluri gancdis matarebelia. Tu beWduri saxiT<br />
mis azrebsa da msoflSegrZnebas veziarebiT, arqivSi sxva vaJas<br />
miveaxlebiT. naTlad davinaxavT, azrTa mdinarebis ra motivaciiT,<br />
ra gausaZlis yofaSi gamoatara Tavisi saTqmeli da moqalaqeobrivi<br />
mrwamsi, rogorc didma moqalaqem da didma Semoqmedma.<br />
211
vaJa-fSavela im gamonklisTa ricxvSia, vinc samyaros marto<br />
awmyodan ki ara, warsulidan da momavlidanac uyurebda. amitom<br />
epoqa ver marTavda mas, piriqiT, Tavisi SemoqmedebiT momavlidan<br />
daiqvemdebara igi. vaJas fenomenis bolomde gageba SeuZlebelia<br />
misi unikaluri Semoqmedebisa da saarqivo masalis mTlianobaSi<br />
gaazrebis gareSe.<br />
am arqivis gacrecil, dalaqavebul furclebze areklili<br />
minawer-Canawerebi ikiTxeba rogorc saga imaze, rogor zneobasTan<br />
ukompromisod ganvlo cxovreba konkretul drosa da<br />
sivrceSi moqceulma erTma mokvdavma luka razikaSvilma da ra<br />
natifad gamoZerwa Tavis TavSi drosa da sivrceze amaRlebuli,<br />
ukvdavebasTan naziarebi fSaveli vaJa. es ar iyo zogadsakacobrio<br />
problemebis fSavSi lokalizeba. es iyo lokaluri fSavis,<br />
zogadad, mTeli im geografiuli arealis, maradiul faseulobebSi<br />
integrireba. vaJa-fSavelam SeZlo erTi kuTxis warmavali<br />
magaliTebi waruval Rirebulebebad gardaeqmna.<br />
damowmebani:<br />
vaJa-fSavela 1964: vaJa-fSavelas TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli aT<br />
tomad. t. I, Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1964.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 18: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 18.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 28: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 28.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 30: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 30.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 43: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 43.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 134: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 134.<br />
212
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 143: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 143.<br />
xec, vaJa-fSavelas piradi fondi № 229: xelnawerTa erovnuli<br />
centri, vaJa-fSavelas piradi saarqivo fondi № 229.<br />
213
ostom CxeiZe<br />
214<br />
mindia _ bedi Semoqmedisa<br />
kopalas salocavTan brtyeli, saflavis qvis msgavsi lodi<br />
egdo.<br />
iseTi mZime, or kacs gauWirdeboda misi gadabruneba.<br />
maS imTaviTve es yofila am qvis adgilsamyofeli da egaa.<br />
arada, Turme saidanRac amoetanaT.<br />
raRac Zveli, miTosuri Jamis Tqmuleba ukavSirdeboda am<br />
lodis amotanas?<br />
Turme ara _ mis amomtans, gogoTurs, XIX saukunis pirvel<br />
naxevarSi ecxovra sofel yofCaSi, didi janis patronsa da gan-<br />
Tqmul monadires, omSic yofiliyo Tu ara, amis xsovna ar SemorCeniliyo<br />
da zepirgadmocema mxolod inaxavda im epizods<br />
Tu rogor daeWira qurdobaSi ori xevsuri, Sin mieyvana da colisaTvis<br />
daevalebina, ZaRlebis salafavi gaukeTeo, raTa mere<br />
gejaSi Caesxa da qurdebisaTvis eTqva: cqlifeT, radganac mxolod<br />
amis Rirsni xarTo.<br />
es epizodi da lodis amotanis legenda inarCunebda gogoTuris<br />
saxebas saymoTa cnobierebaSi da amaRlebul, romantikul<br />
figurad gaiazrebda, patara luka razikaSvilsac mZafrad rom<br />
CaeWreboda SegnebaSi da ver moisvenebda, vidre odesme am galegendebul<br />
pirovnebas sagmiro eposis erT-erT mTavar persona-<br />
Jad ar gardasaxavda.<br />
jeelobisas ki isic, sxva Wabukebisa ar iyos, bevrjer dajajgureboda<br />
gogoTuris motanil qvas da cdilobda im saxelian<br />
kacze meti Rone gamoeCina, magram amaod awydeboda lods _<br />
aramcTu gadabruneba an aweva, qaric ver gaetarebina misTvis.<br />
luka Tavisas _ vera da ver moSveboda.
tyeli qvac Tavisas _ ara da ar aewevineboda, adgils ar<br />
moanacvlebinebda.<br />
da rCeboda da rCeboda gogoTuris yvelaze xelSesaxeb,<br />
TvalnaTliv xsovnad da memorialad. ise gana ra kvarcxlbeki<br />
unda daedgaT mis saxelze, am lodis sidiade rom gadaewona, Sinagani<br />
brwyinvalebiTac rom asxivebda da yvelaze ukeT Sehferoda<br />
kopalas salocavs, rogorc misi saRvTisSvilo Rvawlis<br />
gammeorebeli wuTisoflis mdinarebaSi.<br />
es im dros, rodesac fSavelTa cnobiereba jerac TvalnaTliv<br />
iTavsebda warmosaxviTsa da yofiTs erT harmoniul mTlianobad<br />
da kopalac da iaxsaric, sxva RvTisSvilebisa ar iyos,<br />
kvlavac Cndebodnen xan sad da xan sad, adgils ar tovebdnen<br />
fexdaukarebels _ moulodneladac amohyofdnen Tavs da TavianT<br />
Zvel naterfalzec daiarebodnen, uxilavi kvalis anabeWdebze<br />
materialur garemoSi.<br />
TandaTan imsxvreoda es rwmena-warmodgenebi.<br />
luka razikaSvili mis msxvrevas Seeswreboda da mis naSTebSi<br />
daiwyebda trials, raTa raRacis SenarCuneba mainc moexerxebina,<br />
mTlad SenarCunebac Tu vera, Semonaxva mainc, mxatvrul<br />
sityvaSi gadarCena im sulisa, riTac imTaviTve ganmsWvaluliyo<br />
saymoTa cnobiereba da am cnobierebis daSlis kvalobaze sulic<br />
nawevrdeboda da ifanteboda.<br />
vaiTu saboloodac ganqarebuliyo.<br />
da Wabuki lukas warmosaxva axla am cnobierebas daejajgureboda<br />
_ gadasabruneblad ara, asawevad da Tundac qaris gasatareblad,<br />
raTa im personaJebsa da maT ambebs axali sicocxle<br />
epovnaT mxatvrul sityvaSi.<br />
gauZlebda Tu vera am Widils?!.<br />
aswevda Tu vera sagmiro eposs gamZvinvarebuli aTeizmis, mefistofelis<br />
saukunis Jams, materialisturi doqtrinebi sul<br />
ufro da ufro rom euflebodnen adamianTa Segnebas da, RvTiuri<br />
niSatis daSretis kvalobaze, amaRlebuli ocnebani da misw-<br />
215
afebanic miwaze Camodioda da adamianTa kerpad dasaxva enacvleboda<br />
uzenaesis rwmenas?!.<br />
es rwmenac, es niSatic dromoWmulobad, yavlgasulobad,<br />
uimedo anaqronizmad gamoiyureboda axal TaobaTa TvalSi da<br />
vaJa-fSavelad gardasaxuli luka razikaSvilic sxvas ras miaRwevs<br />
Tavisi amgvari wadiliT, Tu ara CamorCenilis iarliys!..<br />
rogori Sesaguebelia, gardasuli xanis naSTad Tu namsxvrevad<br />
rom gnaTlaven da pirwmindad gaqrobasac giwinaswarmetyveleben,<br />
Tuki axlebur azrovnebaze ar gadaewyobi da amaRlebisaken<br />
swrafvas wuTisoflis moTxovna-survilebsa Tu modur gatacebebze<br />
ar daaxurdaveb.<br />
egeb marTlac aRar iyo amaRlebulis dro?..<br />
egeb miwas mofareboda romantikuli suli?..<br />
da Tu axali drois motanil pirobebs ver Seewyobodi, vaiTu<br />
amjeradac igive ganmeorebuliyo, rac gogoTuris lodTan Widil-jajgurisas<br />
_ amaod damSvraliyavi sakuTar TavSi im cota<br />
meti Ronis aRmoCenis mcdelobisas.<br />
magram Tu drois waRma-ukuRma trials mainc ar Seepuebodi<br />
da wamierebas maradisobidan gamoxedavdi?<br />
viTom dedaSens SemTxveviT enaxa is uCveulo sizmari da gansakuTrebuls<br />
arafers moaswavebda?<br />
marTlac uCveulo, raime sxvas ki ara, sworedac iakobisebur<br />
cxad-moCvenebas Setolebuli.<br />
es maSin, rodesac jer gasaTxovari gaxldaT.<br />
biZaSvil qalTan erTad sofel sxlovanSi gareT eZina, derefanSi,<br />
SuaRame iqneboda, rom iseTi dgandgari da birdgniali<br />
dadgeboda, egoneboda, mTa-bari Tu iqcevao. SeSinebuli wamojdeboda<br />
loginSi, gaxedavda da mTeli ca ganaTebuli daxvdeboda.<br />
ori oqrosferi jaWvi wamosuliyo, erTi Wiauris goridan,<br />
meore ki sxlovnis goridan, gadabmulebi, zed cecxlis balRebi<br />
adiodnen da Camodiodnen da iseT mwkepr (wminda) xmaze galobdnen,<br />
ise tkbilad, imaze kargs ras gaigonebda kacis yuri.<br />
216
am zmanebas jer misi meuRle, pavle razikaSvili, miamgvanebda<br />
dabadebis im pasaJs (28, 12), israelis momavali patriarqis sizmars<br />
rom gvauwyebda, gzad lods rom gamoiyenebda sasTumlad:<br />
_ da Cvenebasa ixilvida. da aha esera, kibeni aRmarTulni queyaniT,<br />
romlisa Tavi miwdomil iyo cad da angelozni RmrTisani<br />
aRvidodes da gardamovidodes mas zeda.<br />
mere ki Svilebic, rodesac wamoizrdebodnen da Zvel aRTqma-<br />
Sic Caixedavdnen, Zaldautaneblad aRmoaCendnen am msgavsebas.<br />
ise ra ucnauria, ara?<br />
rac ebrauli modgmis erT-erT rCeul pirovnebas unda exila,<br />
saqarTvelos miyruebuli kuTxis kidev ufro miyruebuli soflis<br />
mkvidrsac igive zmaneba unda gamoecada, ubir qals, vinc wera-kiTxvas<br />
verc verasodes iswavlida, Tumc bunebiT friad ni-<br />
Wieri ki yofila, meojaxe, mowyale da glaxis gamkiTxveli.<br />
kacma rom Tqvas, wera-kiTxva riRasTvis sWirdeboda, rodesac<br />
misi sizmari bibliur Txrobasac daSvendeboda.<br />
Svilebi rodesac wamoizrdebodnen da raRac-raRacebSic<br />
gaTviTcnobierdebodnen (`mecnierebas cotaodnav vusuneT~),<br />
waTamamebulni aRarc ki ujerebdnen dedis naambobs, magram qali<br />
Tavisas imeorebda daJinebiT da Svilebis Tavs ificebda dasarwmuneblad.<br />
iq ufali gamoecxadeboda iakobs da etyoda:<br />
_ me var RmerTi abrahamisi da RmerTi isakisa mamisa Senisa, nu<br />
geSinin. queyanai ege, romelsa gZinavs, Sen mogce da naTesavsa Sensa.<br />
amxela movaleoba ar dakisreboda luka razikaSvilis dedas.<br />
amitom arc gamoecxadeboda ufali da arc amcnobda: eg miwawyali,<br />
sadac gZinavs, Sen giboZo da SenTa naTesavTao.<br />
magram sul isec, sul unayofodac ar unda Caevlo am uCveulo<br />
xilvas.<br />
da luka Tumc mere da mere odnavi eWviT gaxedavda dedis<br />
sizmars, aRiarebiT mainc aRiarebda am Cvenebis Zalas da ifiq-<br />
217
ebda, Cveni ded-mamisa da misi Svilebis sve-bedSi gangeba monawileobso.<br />
patara luka Tu vinmes edareboda Tavis ocnebaSi, upirvelesad<br />
samson Zliers.<br />
mamamisi imxanad mTavardiakvnad msaxurobda sofel maRaroskarSi,<br />
Carglidan rva versis daSorebiT, da rodesac Sin imyofeboda,<br />
Svilebs mudam uambobda moTxrobebs Zveli saRmrTo istoriidan.<br />
wera-kiTxvas Zvelebur wesze aswavlida _ Caujdeboda<br />
xorcs xinklisTvis sakeflad ficarze, iqve taxtze lukac<br />
daujdeboda pirdapir da gafacicebiT ugdebda yurs imis tkbil<br />
saubars, radganac Zveli aRTqmis zogierTi moTxroba mainc gansakuTrebulad<br />
moswonda da aiyoliebda xolme kidec.<br />
mainc ra izidavda mis yuradRebas? daviTisagan goliaTis damarcxeba,<br />
samson Zlieris moqmedeba, ZmaTa makabelTa Tavdadeba...<br />
maSinaa, sakuTar Tavs samson Zlierad rom warmoidgenda.<br />
imas aki grZeli Tma gamoarCevda TvistomTagan da misi goliaTuri<br />
Zalac am TmaSi ifareboda.<br />
da lukasac dedisagan Seetyo: didi Tma gqonda, roca damebade,<br />
TiTqmis Tvalebs gifaravdao.<br />
patara biWi eSareboda: Tma rad momkriWeTo.<br />
mainc es Tmianoba sakuTar Tavze warmodgenas gaudidebda,<br />
raRac araCveulebriv adamianad moaCvenebda sakuTar pirovnebas<br />
da dausaxavda araCveulebriv momavals.<br />
am ymawviluri warmodgenebidan amoizrdeboda vaJa-fSavelas<br />
msoflgancdac, mxatvruli mrwamsic da xilvanic da is Seupovrobac,<br />
metic, TavzexelaRebulobac, drois msvlelobas rom Seajaxebda<br />
da sagmiro eposis Sesaqmnelad aRanTebda saamisod<br />
TiTqosda sruliad Seuferebel msoflio Zvrebsa da mRelvare<br />
procesebSi.<br />
vaJa-fSavela CamorCenili adamiani iyoo, _ am epiTetsac ar<br />
moerideboda geronti qiqoZe 1915 wels gamoqveynebul eseiSi, _<br />
218
verc seminariis kursma, verc universitetis leqciebma Tanamedrove<br />
suli ver Caudgeso.<br />
da am mosazrebas kidev ufro daazustebda:<br />
_ misi mgrZnobiaroba primitiuli darCa, misi fantazia veluri,<br />
misi morali saSualo saukuneobrivi. mas araferi gaegeboda<br />
arc Cveni utilitarizmisa, arc Cveni racionalizmisa. da<br />
arc eleqtronisa, orTqlmavlisa da manqanebis xanaSi is warsulis<br />
aCrdils hgavda Tavisi CafxutiT da Tavisi raindobiT.<br />
amosavali mTeli am msjelobisa is `CamorCenilobaa~, romelic<br />
miTufro gvWris yurs, rom eseis dasawyisi frazaa, misi<br />
stilistikis kamertoni _ imTaviTve migvaniSnebs, Tu ra SeiZleba<br />
iyos am statiis esTetikuri mrwamsi Tu gamWoli idea, da<br />
gaognebulebs gvtovebs Tavisi daurideblobiT.<br />
gaognebulT dRes, rodesac vaJa-fSavela msoflio rangis<br />
movlenadaa aRiarebuli, misi sagmiro eposi ki erT-erT im savizito<br />
baraTad, romliTac unda warvudgeT dasavleTs da SevaRwioT<br />
im karibWis miRma, sadac am sazogadoebriv-politikuri da<br />
esTetikur-saganmanaTleblo samyaros sruluflebiani nawili<br />
SeviqnebiT.<br />
imJamad ki, rodesac jer iwyeboda vaJa-fSavelas kultis dafuZneba<br />
grigol robaqiZis mier, Zalian uCveulodac ar gamoiyureboda<br />
misi mxatvruli azrovnebis aseTi Sefaseba, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom garegnulad upirispirdeboda vaJas mxatvrulesTetikuri<br />
samyaros robaqiZiseul gaazrebas.<br />
sworedac garegnulad, rakiRa geronti qiqoZisTvisac mTavari<br />
am ucnaurobis mizezTa gamorkveva gaxldaT, vaJa sruliad<br />
amovardnili rom iyo axali Jamis sinamdvilidan da uSualod homerosTan<br />
gaedo xidi, mis sulier STamomavlad warmodgeboda.<br />
mizezTa amocnobis mcdelobisas ki amjobinebda mkveTri<br />
wyalgamyofi gaevlo vaJas Semoqmedebasa da axal realobas Soris<br />
da arc `CamorCenilis~ kiJinas morideboda, raTa ufro ga-<br />
219
eTvalsaCinoebina am uCveulo mxatvruli samyaros movlinebis<br />
aucilebloba.<br />
warsulis aCrdils hgavdao...<br />
azrobrivad es gamoTqmac xom zustad igivea, rac `CamorCenili~,<br />
magram yurs iserigad ara gvWris Tavisi amaRlebuli stiluri<br />
SeferilobiT, naturalisturis nacvlad romatikuli sawyisiT.<br />
azrobrivad ra, grigol robaqiZis is sityvebic amasve ar gulisxmobs,<br />
geronti qiqoZis eseimde oTxi wliT adre gamoTqmuli?<br />
ratom warmodgeboda Tanadroul qarTvel poetTa Soris va-<br />
Ja-fSavela yvelaze idumal da, imavdroulad, yvelaze TviTmyofad<br />
movlenad, yovelgvari literaturuli skolisa da mimar-<br />
Tulebis gareSe mdgarad?<br />
ratom da:<br />
_ Znelad dasajerebelia, rom igi _ miTosuri warsulis<br />
mkvdreTiT aRmdgari Svili _ Cveni Tanamedrovea.<br />
da kidev:<br />
_ am idumali poetis SemoqmedebiTi cnobiereba SeiZleba ganisazRvros<br />
rogorc miTosuri.<br />
anda azrobrivad amasve ar niSnavs vaxtang kotetiSvilis mier<br />
SerCeuli epiTetebic, geronti qiqoZis eseis gamoqveynebidan<br />
Svidi wlis Semdgom aRniSnuli?<br />
vaJa-fSavelasio:<br />
_ mTeli figura _ arqauli. igi ki ar dadioda, _ izlazneboda<br />
rogorc heraldikuri nadiri.<br />
`miTosuri cnobierebac~ da `arqaulobac~ `warsulis aCrdilis~<br />
rigSi dganan _ stilurad, Torem Sinaarsobrivad `Camor-<br />
Cenilsac~ etolebian.<br />
da Tu geronti qiqoZe maincdamainc am naturalistur sityvas<br />
amjobinebda aramarto epiTetad, aramed eseis pirvelive<br />
frazad, mxolod da mxolod kontrastis STambeWdaobis gasaZliereblad.<br />
220
akiRa misTvisac cnobili gaxldaT am mxatvruli xerxis faruli<br />
efeqti.<br />
warsulis aCrdils hgavdao...<br />
_ mTeli misi buneba ucnaurad Taviseburi iyo. is devebsa da<br />
alqajebs hxedavda iq, sadac Cven geologiur formaciebs vxedavT<br />
da sulier Tvisebebs amCnevda iq, sadac Cven mxolod meqanikur<br />
ZalTa moZraoba gvgonia.<br />
es im realobisganacaa gamowveuli, im fSauri garemosagan,<br />
sadac uxdeboda cxovreba.<br />
da pirovnuladac niSneulia misTvis.<br />
igi xom im individualuri TvisebebiTac Semkula, maSinac rom<br />
gamoarCevda garSemomyofTagan, Semoqmedic rom ara yofiliyo.<br />
magram, imavdroulad, saymos cnobierebis sruluflebiani<br />
nawilicaa, misi sisxli sisxlTagani da xorci xorcTagani _ Tan<br />
rom gamorbis am mojadoebuli wridan da Tan adviladac ver eleva.<br />
aluda qeTelaurisa ar iyos, pirovnebagaRviZebulisa saku-<br />
Tar arsebaSi, ukve rom veRar daubrundeba manamdel warmodgenebs,<br />
magram Zalian mtkivneuli ki aris misTvis es sulieri procesi,<br />
mokveTa, gamoSoreba saerTo cnobierebidan.<br />
aludasTvisac kvlav maxlobeli iqneboda saymos Segnebis is<br />
mTavari niSnebi, kopala-iaxsarsa Tu dev-alqajT xelSesaxeb realobad<br />
rom ganacdevinebda da maT kvals yovelTvisac daadasturebda<br />
xevsureTisa Tu fSavis landSaftze. da raRa unda iTqvas<br />
mis Semoqmedze, visi mxatvruli xilvanic Zaldautaneblad<br />
gadajaWvoda saymos cnobierebaSi Cafesvil warmosaxvebs.<br />
am cnobierebis rRvevis xanaSi mouwevda amsofliuri arseboba.<br />
mis nangrevebSi aRmoCndeboda.<br />
Tan rRvevis monawiled.<br />
Tan im Zveli mTlianobis gadarCenis mosurned, Tavs rom gadadebda<br />
im namsxvrevebis Sesakowiweblad da naSTebis aRsadgenad.<br />
esec gogoTuris lodi gaxdomoda!..<br />
221
xolo is, rac rRvevis suraTebad lagdeboda mis heroikul<br />
warmosaxvebSi, ZvelTaZveli rwmenis srulyofil gamoxatulebad<br />
eCvenebodaT mis TanamedroveT, miTufro umcros Taobas, da<br />
ver aexsnaT, ratom acdenoda ase Zalian progresis mZleTamZle<br />
svlas, da mis moWidebasac ki ara lamobda, aramcTu am msvlelobis<br />
SuagulSi moqceuliyo da sxvebiviT Cahyoloda.<br />
esec misi ucnauri Tavisebureba: warsulis aCrdiluri Tu<br />
arqauli Tu miTosuri.<br />
Tumc mimzidvelic uTuod gaxldaT, raRac sxva sinamdvilisaken<br />
gzis gamkvalavi da, Tu geronti qiqoZe ar moerideboda<br />
zogierT, egeb uxerxul gamoTqmas, uTuod imitom, rom sworedac<br />
kontrastis xerxis moSveliebiT gamoekveTa am uCveulobis<br />
gansacvifrebeli zemoqmedebis Zala:<br />
_ misi guli savse iyo saidumloebis grZnobiT da mis Tvalebs<br />
grZneuli leCaqi hqonda gadafarebuli. amitom gviyvarda<br />
Cven es mgosani: Cvens fxizel, darazmul da Wkuadamjdar Taoba-<br />
Si mas SezarxoSebuli adamianis mRelvareba Semohqonda. misi<br />
gulwrfeloba, gulubryviloba da uSualoba gvxiblavda, misi<br />
gmiruli Zaxili ki warsul dReebis mogonebebs gviRviZebda.<br />
es heroikuli Zaxili, sxvaTaTvis warsul dReTa mogonebebis<br />
gamRviZebeli, TviTon mas siyrmidanve aiyoliebda da, Tu raime<br />
eocnebeboda, maT Soris gogoTuris qvis azidvac, raTa imaze meti<br />
Zal-Rone gamoeCina.<br />
ara, aq amotana mainc ra iyo!..<br />
gadmocema gadmocemad da, rodesac `gogoTur da afSina~ Seiqmneboda,<br />
mis SeTxzvaSi piradi gancda Tu SemTxvevac Caereoda<br />
da prototipic orives TavTavisi gamoeZebneboda _ gogoTursac<br />
da afSinasac.<br />
ase unda vigulisxmoT da mxolod ase:<br />
misi uSualo biZgi raRac SemZvreli epizodi unda iyos vaJafSavelas<br />
biografiisa, rakiRa gamJRavnebas moerideboda TviT<br />
iseT viTarebaSic, rodesac saaSkaraoze gamoitanda Tavis Se-<br />
222
moqmedebiT laboratorias. sxvas arafers moerideboda, amjerad<br />
ki:<br />
_ Cemi saidumloebaa da saflavSic Tan Caviyoleb.<br />
dafarvas im motiviT gaamarTlebda: Tqma arafers Sehmatebs<br />
saqmes da uTqmelobac arafers daaklebso, _ Tumc Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti fsiqologiis TvalsazrisiT am personaJTa prototipebis<br />
gamJRavneba uTuod sagulisxmo garemoebas Sematebda saqmes.<br />
Cemi saidumloebaao...<br />
TiTqos gvakldes literaturuli saidumloebani, esec rom<br />
ar mimateboda.<br />
ras izam _ avtoris (Tanac rogori avtoris!) nebas sad wauxval.<br />
am orTagan erTi usaTuod TviTon vaJa unda iyos.<br />
zigmund froidi an misi romelime mimdevari daufiqrebladve<br />
miitanda eWvs afSinaze _ poetma sakuTari tkivili, marcxis<br />
aRiareba Tu monanieba mis saxeSi gaanivTao. Tumc Cven ase iolad<br />
nu avyvebiT amgvar Teoriebs da... saidumlodve davtovoT is piradi<br />
gancda Tu SemTxveva.<br />
asea Tu ise, `gogoTur da afSina~ erTgvarad avtobiografiulia<br />
da esec vaJam migvaniSna, Torem CveniT verafrisdidebiT<br />
ver amovicnobdiT mis avtobiografiul safanels.<br />
ai, sxva poemebis xsenebisa Tu maTi xalxuri marcvlis (sworedac<br />
marcvlis, meti ki ara!) gamJRavnebisas ki arsad migvaniSnebs<br />
raime avtobiografiul garemoebaze.<br />
`stumar-maspinZeli~ im ambavze aSenebuliyo, rom: xevsuri<br />
zviadauri SemTxveviT Cauvardeboda qistebs xelSi. maT hyoliaT<br />
axali micvalebuli, viRac xevsurisagan mokluli da, Cveulebis<br />
Tanaxmad, sisxli unda aeRoT. amas Txoulobda TviT da-<br />
Rupuli da, raTa misi SurisZiebis grZnoba daeSoSminebinaT, qistebi<br />
zviadaurs hklavdnen zed saflavze. am dakvlisas xevsuri<br />
did vaJkacobasa da guladobas gamoiCenda da, samsxverplod wamoqceuli<br />
qistebis yovel CaZaxilze: iyav saiqios mona-mosamsaxure<br />
darlasi, uzide wyali, gaubande jRani, rasac samsaxuri<br />
223
moiTxovs Sengan, TavgamodebiT, erTgulad aRusruleo, _ yel-<br />
Si xrialiT amoTqvamda: ZaRl iyos Tqveni mkvdrisadao, _ riTac<br />
ar Seewireboda qistebis mkvdars, vinc darCeboda gawbilebuli,<br />
xolo zviadauri _ qedmoudrekel, Tavisufal xevsurad Semor-<br />
Ceboda STamomavlobis mexsierebas.<br />
`aluda qeTelauris~ siuJeti im martiv ambavs efuZneboda,<br />
rom: aluda qeTelaurs qistebi cxens mohparavdnen, maT mdevrad<br />
gamoudgeboda, erTs TofiT moklavda, meore ki vaJkacurad dauxvdeboda.<br />
da Tumc isic emsxverpleboda aludas, xevsuri ise<br />
moixibleboda misi vaJkacobiT, rom rodesac Camovardeboda saubari<br />
mucalis mokvlaze, aluda Sesandobars dalevda xolme<br />
qistisas _ ludiT an aryiT.<br />
`baxtrioni~ im Zvel gadmocemaze amoSenebuliyo: mTeli pankisis<br />
xeoba matan-marlisis adgilebis naxevari fSav-xevsurT mefem<br />
uwyaloba, radganac baxtrionis cixis aRebiT saqarTvelos<br />
didi samsaxuri gauwieso. vaJasTvis marto is garemoeba kmaroda,<br />
rom mTis xalxi, sxvadasxva Temebi, xandaxan erTmaneTsac<br />
rom laSqravdnen da ar indobdnen, imJamad SeerTebuliyvnen, er-<br />
Tsulovneba gamoeCinaT da Zmurad miSvelebodnen bars gasaWirisas.<br />
isic ambad gaegona, TiTqos fSavSi TaTrebTan brZolisas<br />
mamakacebi TiTqmis sul gaJletiliyvnen da xatSi, salocavSi<br />
dedakacebs moenToT sanTeli. zepirgadmocema ar azustebda am<br />
ambis dros, amitomac poeti iolad daukavSirebda baxtrionis<br />
laSqrobis istoriul epizods.<br />
xolo `gvelis-mWamelis~ araki, razedac poema amozrdiliyo,<br />
im gadmocemas gulisxmobda, rom: xevsuri mindia tyved Cavardnoda<br />
qajebs. maT Soris cxovreba ki ise Zalian daaRonebda,<br />
rom Tavis mosaklavad gvelis xorcs SeWamda, qajebi riTac ikvebebodnen.<br />
arada, mindias moqmedeba sruliad sxva nayofs gamoi-<br />
Rebda _ igi gadaiqceoda brZenkacad, es sibrZne ki gamoCndeboda<br />
mcenareebis cnobaSi _ Tu romeli mcenare ra satkivars wamlobda,<br />
radganac yvela mcenare TviTonve iZaxda, rasac mkurna-<br />
224
lobda, da mindiamac maTi ena aki kargad icoda. am codnis Sedegad<br />
igi gaeqimdeboda, misi wamali uebari gaxldaT.<br />
es iyo da es mTeli is ambebi, rasac ratomRac gadamwyvetad<br />
miiCnevdnen mis SemoqmedebaSi da veRarc gaerCiaT, ra iyo xalxuri<br />
da ra _ sakuTriv misi, TviTon ki swyinda da Zalianac<br />
swyinda, ratom eniWeboda upiratesoba misi nawerebis gansjisas<br />
imas, naklebmniSvnelovani rac gaxldaT: marTla da marTla ufro<br />
mcire masala raRa unda gamoeyenebina.<br />
upiratesoba, Torem TavisTavad yvela istoriuli, folkloruli<br />
Tu literaturuli wyaros migneba sagulisxmoa, yvelaze<br />
Rirebul mxatvrul qmnilebaTa SeTxzva-srulyofaSi rom miu-<br />
Ria monawileoba, Tund sul erTibewo.<br />
da amjeradac aki guls dagvaklda, gogoTurisa da afSinas<br />
prototipebi rom dagvimales. da rarig gagvaxarebda Tund am<br />
oTx poemaSi avtobiografiuli realiebis mikvlevac.<br />
amis Taobaze vaJa-fSavela srul dumils amjobinebs _ saidumlosa<br />
da saflavSi Catanasac ki aRar axsenebs.<br />
egeb imitom, rom ase aSkarad am epikur qmnilebebSi arc araferia<br />
avtobiografiuli?<br />
an egeb aRar surs yuradRebis gamaxvileba?<br />
bolosdabolos, aluda qeTelauric da joyola alxastais-<br />
Zec zogadadamianuri TvalsazrisiT Zalian Camohgvanan TavianT<br />
Semoqmeds _ Tan veRar emwyvdevian adaT-wesebis CarCoebSi, Tan<br />
uimisod sicocxlec ver warmoudgeniaT da joyola kidec nebayoflobiT<br />
wiravs Tavs sasikvdilod (raRa TviTmkvleloba da<br />
raRa martodmarto Sebma xevsurTa laSqarTan!), xolo aludasaTvis<br />
Temisagan mokveTa daRupvis tolfasia uzomo sulieri<br />
tkivilis gamo.<br />
da fiqric ar geSveba, iqneb romelime epizodi am poemebSi piradi<br />
cxovrebidanac iyos CarTulio.<br />
an kidev `baxtrionSico~.<br />
225
yvelaze nakleb amgvari sinamdvilis gamovlenas, avtobiografiul<br />
realiebs `gvelis-mWamelSi~ elodebi.<br />
qajebio, maTgan datyvevebao, gvelis xorcis WamiT brZenkacad<br />
gadaqcevao, mcenareTa enis Secnobao...<br />
miTosis naSTi _ zRapruli motivebiTa da saxeebiT Sezavebuli.<br />
da XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze mcxovreb pirovnebas amgvar samyarosTan<br />
gana ra siaxlove SeiZleba hqondes, garda fantaziis<br />
gaqanebisa da misgan Sobili mxatvruli warmosaxvebisa?<br />
Tu Tavisi cxovrebis epizodebs anda bedisweras romelime<br />
personaJis TavgadasavalSi Seurevda, raRa qajTa tyveobaSi Cavardnili<br />
kacisa?<br />
legendaze metad misTvis gana savsebiT realistur garemos<br />
ar unda gamoewvia aseTi survili Tu ganzraxva?<br />
magram vaJa-fSavela aki warsulis aCrdils ufro hgavda... mi-<br />
Tosur epoqaSi Sobils.<br />
da geologiur formaciaTa nacvlad devebsa da alqajebs<br />
Wvretda...<br />
amitomac mindias legenda aranakleb maxlobeli da sisxlxorceuli<br />
unda yofiliyo misTvis, vidre zviadauris, aluda qe-<br />
Telauris, gogoTurisa Tu baxtrionis gmirTa _ zezva gafrindauli<br />
iqneboda, luxumi Tu sxvani _ ambebi, savsebiT realisturni,<br />
romeli samzeridanac unda SexedoT.<br />
besik xaranauls `aranakleb~ ki ara, bevrad ufro sisxlxorceulad<br />
warmoudgeboda vaJasTvis mindias xvedri da pirovneba,<br />
vidre danarCen personaJTa da, maT Soris, TviT joyolasa da<br />
aludas bediswera da sulieri feriscvaleba.<br />
Tavis am Sexedulebas poemaSi (`vaJa-fSavela cxeniT midis<br />
Carglidan TbilisSi da gzad Tavis cols ebaaseba~) CarTavda<br />
da... dae mkvlevarebs Tund narkvevis mTavar idead anda Tezisad<br />
moemarjvebinaT da Tund ugulisyurod gadaetarebinaT, rogorc<br />
martoden poeturi pasaJi, vaJas poemis sazrisis gasaxsnelad<br />
rom ar waadgebodaT.<br />
226
gvelis mWameli Semoqmedis bedze davwere,<br />
magram mere filosofiad gadamiqcies,<br />
yvelaferi mimiweres, rac ar mefiqra!<br />
me ki mxolod imis Tqma msurda,<br />
rom Tvisi niWi poets unda kbiliT eWiros,<br />
radgan CumCumad yvela lamobs imis waglejas.<br />
mecnierebs wahkravda qimunjs: an filosofiad ratom aqcieT<br />
am poemis Sinaarsi anda Tqveni Sexedulebani poets ratom miawereT<br />
da ararsebuli Sreebis `aRmoCeniT~ savsebiT naTeli mxatvruli<br />
mrwamsi da gmiris xasiaTi ZalisZalaTi ratom gaabundovaneTo.<br />
filosofiuri ganzomileba yvela mxatvruli qmnilebisTvis<br />
rom aris niSandoblivi, cxadia, uamisod verc `gvelis-mWameli~<br />
darCeboda, magram mTavari am polemikur CanarTSi im gadametebis<br />
uaryofaa, poemis dedaazrs rom agvacdens da mindias Tavgadasavals<br />
filosofiur ideaTa ilustraciad mogvaCvenebs, TiTqos<br />
es raRac Rirseba iyos.<br />
arada, Turme raoden martivi (erTi SexedviT!) yofila es<br />
dedaazri:<br />
_ Tvisi niWi poets unda kbiliT eWiros, radgan CumCumad<br />
yvela lamobs imis waglejas.<br />
poetis ganzogadebuli saxe... mindiaa.<br />
es mindias uWiravs Tavisi niWi kbiliT.<br />
es mindias upirebdnen niWis CumCumad waglejvas.<br />
besik xaranauli isea darwmunebuli, rom `gvelis-mWameli~<br />
ase da mxolod ase unda ganimartos, rom am sityvebs TviTon va-<br />
Jas aTqmevinebs, mkvlevarebsac piradad mas gaakilvinebs da poemis<br />
mxatvrul mrwamssac am literaturul formulaSi mas<br />
moaqcevinebs:<br />
_ gvelis mWameli Semoqmedis bedze davwere...<br />
227
Tuki marTla asea, egeb mere miamata Zvel araks iseTi arsebi-<br />
Ti realiebi, rom xalxuri Tqmulebis iqiT gasvlisas mindia<br />
sworedac poetad warmodgeboda?<br />
am saxisa da misi biografiisaTvis vaJas SeeZina dacolSvilebis<br />
epizodic, colTan baasisac, xorcis uWmelobac, mxedarTmTavruli<br />
niWic, Citebis enis codnac da, rac mTavaria, misi sulis<br />
dramatizmic, magram es yovelive ver Tavsdeba `Semoqmedis<br />
bedad~ nagulisxmev ganzomilebaSi.<br />
viTom marTla ase rom yofiliyo da mindia Semoqmedis bedis<br />
simbolod egulisxma, vaJa-fSavela Tavis gmirs poetad ver<br />
warmosaxavda?<br />
Tomas mani rom moindomebda Semoqmedis bedis gaazrebas<br />
RmerTsmoklebul sinamdvileSi, `doqtori faustusis~ mTavar<br />
gmirad musikoss gamoiyvanda.<br />
konstantine gamsaxurdia rom moindomebda Semoqmedis bedis<br />
gaazrebas tiranul garemoSi, `didostatis marjvenis~ mTavar<br />
gmirad xuroTmoZRvars SearCevda.<br />
jek londoni `martin idenSi~ mTavar gmirad mwerals<br />
amjobinebda.<br />
somerset moemi `mTvare da eqvspenianSi~ _ mxatvars.<br />
oTar CxeiZe `landebSi~ _ moqandakes.<br />
da TviTeuli maTgani ase ufro iolad Caaqsovda maT saxeebSi<br />
TavianT pirovnul Tvisebebsa da beds.<br />
Tumc ra aucilebelia mindiac Semoqmedad gardasaxuliyo da<br />
leqsebi SeeTxza _ is madli, riTac gvelis xorcis WamiT aRivso,<br />
gana poetur niWze naklebad gamoacalkevebs TvistomTagan?<br />
igi xom iseTive ucnaurobas iCens, rogorsac poeti gamoiCenda.<br />
isevea amovardnili yofiTi realobidan, rogorc poeti iqneboda<br />
amovardnili.<br />
iseve aTvalwunebiT uyureben Tanasoflelni, rogorc poets<br />
Sexedavdnen.<br />
228
platonma aki ar dautova adgili poetebs Tavis warmosaxviT<br />
saxelmwifoSi.<br />
yvelas, yvela xelobis adamians SeiZleba ecxovra im idealur<br />
garemoSi, rogorc Zvel berZen filosofoss warmoedgina sauke-<br />
Teso saxelmwifoebrivi wyoba, garda... Semoqmedisa.<br />
es gaxldaT platonis piradi Sexedulebac da is sayovelTao<br />
Tvalsazrisic, romelsac iTvaliswinebda.<br />
vinc gairiyeboda TvistomTagan, barem saxelmwifodanac gamoeZevebinaT,<br />
iq viTom ratom unda darCeniliyo, misgan gana ra<br />
xeiri da sikeTe iyo mosalodneli, arevdarevis mets xom verafers<br />
Seitanda sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi.<br />
ager mindiac gasariyadaa ganwiruli, Tuki gons ar moegeba da<br />
sxvebs ar daemsgavseba, anu: nebayoflobiT ar amoiSrets im<br />
madls, romelmac saymos Segnebasac mowyvita da safrTxec Seqmna,<br />
rom xval _ mimdevarTa gamoCenis kvalobaze _ SesaZloa<br />
sulac moeSala sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba.<br />
joyola alxastaisZe da aluda qeTelauri sakuTari magali-<br />
TiT Tu moaxdendnen `mavne~ zegavlenas Tvistomebze.<br />
mindias xelT _ garda magaliTisa _ sityvacaa, is yovelwamieri<br />
Segonebani, riTac aforiaqebs TanamoZmeebs da `saxifa-<br />
To~, maTTvis sruliad miuRebeli fiqrebisa da gancdebisaken<br />
ubiZgebs.<br />
dagvemgvaneo, _ SesTxoven Tvistomni, radganac enanebaT TanamoZme<br />
mosakveTad, arada, verc Seguebian mis momnusxvel gavlenas.<br />
da imisaTvis, raTa Tavi imarTlon, moZmes zeciuri madlis<br />
uaryofas rom sTxoven, Tan crupentelobasac abraleben,<br />
aTasnairi tyuilis agebas yored, Torem Tuki daujereben da mis<br />
rCevaTa kvalobaze moawyoben yofiT cnobierebas, TviTonac masaviT<br />
usaTuod CixSi moemwyvdevian.<br />
rogor ginda, rom aRar moWra xe.<br />
aRar mokla nadiri.<br />
229
da amitomacaa, rom xevsurTa krebas im dResac aRSfoTebis<br />
talRam unda gadauaros da yovelTvisac ase iqneba, Tuki mindia<br />
an ar gaerideba maT da an sruliad ar gadakeTdeba maTi moTxovnebis<br />
Sesaferisad.<br />
230<br />
is rad vicodvoT, uflisgan<br />
raic ar gvecodvebisa?!.<br />
TemT ro gvarigebs magaze,<br />
Zalian cudad Svrebisa.<br />
kargTagan imedi gvaqvis<br />
mudam Svelis da rgebisa<br />
da ara Cveni daRupvis,<br />
Cvenis cxovrebis vnebisa!..<br />
raoden mkacria xevsurTa ganaCeni: Cveni daRupvis da Cveni<br />
cxovrebis vnebisao.<br />
daemgvaneo, _ SesTxovs meuRlec.<br />
uamisod, sxva rom araferi, balRebi daemSeodaT da<br />
daeyinebodaT.<br />
ase Seexleboda am poemaSic yofiTi cxovreba da amaRlebuli<br />
ideali _ aserigad momxiblavi, aRmtaci, zeciuri sinaTliT<br />
gabrwyinebuli, magram... yofaSi gamousadegari.<br />
mindia aramarto damfasebelia bunebis sidiadisa da idumalebisa,<br />
aramed Signidan ganicdis mis dafarul Sreebs, ismens<br />
mis metyvelebas da wvdeba im arss, rac SeuRwevelia sxvaTaTvis.<br />
magram igi mainc rom ar aris Semoqmedi?<br />
Tumc ratomac ara.<br />
vaJa-fSavelac xom Signidan ganicdida bunebis dafarul Sreebs,<br />
ismenda mis metyvelebas da wvdeboda im arss, rac SeuRweveli<br />
gaxldaT sxvaTaTvis.<br />
amitomac SeeZlo mindiad sakuTari Tavi egulisxma da `gvelis-mWameli~<br />
sworedac Semoqmedis bedze daewera.
da Tund poemis mxatvruli koncefcia mTlad esec ar yofiliyo:<br />
poets Tavisi niWi kbiliT unda eWiros, radgan CumCumad<br />
yvela lamobs imis waglejaso, _ koncefciis erT-erT ganStoebad<br />
egeb esec gvegulisxma. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ar SevdavebodiT<br />
besik xaranauls: es raRam gafiqrebinao!..<br />
Semoqmedis bedze davwereo...<br />
es ki udavoa.<br />
da vaJa-fSavela yofiT realobas rom exleboda da garemodan<br />
amovardnili moCanda, sad gamoeTqva guliswuxili, Tu ara<br />
`gvelis-mWamelSi~, mindias sulac avtobiografiul portretad<br />
rom gamohkveTda.<br />
Tavis sulier Tavgadasavals imis garegnul biografias SeuTanabrebda<br />
da personaJad gardasaxuli xalxuri Tqmulebis<br />
gmiris tkivilebSi Tavis pirad tkivilebs Seurevda, Tavis<br />
swrafvas, ase amovardnili darCeniliyo yofiTi sinamdvilidan<br />
da sxvebs arafrisdidebiT ar damgvaneboda.<br />
ramdeni ramisaTvis unda gaeZlo, pirovnuli TviTmyofadoba<br />
rom gadaerCina.<br />
ramdenjer unda damdgariyo gadawyvetilebis winaSe _ dae<br />
mec sxvebiviT CaverTo wuTisoflis mdinarebaSi da gavTavisuflde<br />
am sulieri tanjvisagan, jer mxatvruli Ziebebi rom iwvevs<br />
da mere kidev sxvagvari xedvisa da fiqris morevio.<br />
ramdenjer unda uareyo es gancda _ dae vitanjo da pirovnuli<br />
konstitucia ki arafrisdidebiT ar davTmoo.<br />
magram gulisWidilic ar moeSveboda, sikvdil-sicocxlis<br />
zRvarze Seayenebda da ha, erTi wakvra da sulac ufskrulSi aRmoCndeboda<br />
_ TviTmkvlelobis Jini sxva ki ara yofila ra, Tu<br />
ara ufskrulisaTvis Tavis mindoba.<br />
da swored amgvari Widilisas gamoikveTeboda mindias saxeba,<br />
xalxuri araki sruliad axal ganzomilebas SeiZenda mis xelSi,<br />
axali sicocxliT aRivseboda da personaJi Semoqmeds rom gau-<br />
231
igivdeboda, im mtanjvel gancdebsac pirwmindad itvirTebda da<br />
TviTmkvlelobis Jinsac miisakuTrebda.<br />
SemTxveviTi ki ar aris `gvelis-mWamelis~ finaluri suraTi,<br />
aserigad SemZvreli xatovanebiTac da im mxatvruli logikiTac,<br />
mindias bedisweris wre ase da mxolod ase rom unda Sekruliyo:<br />
232<br />
quds ixdis... sityva veRar sTqva,<br />
xmlis tars Saexo ceriTa,<br />
amoiwvada qarqaSiT,<br />
guls miibjina wveriTa.<br />
mkerdidan sisxli, viT wyaro,<br />
gadmouvida CqeriTa,<br />
mTvaremac gadmoaSuqa<br />
sajixveebis seriTa<br />
da daaSterda Tavis-mkvlels<br />
mozare qalis feriTa...<br />
vaJa-fSavela TviTmkvlelobis ganzraxvas Tavis personaJs<br />
gadaabarebda da kidec aRasrulebinebda, raTa TviTon gaTavisuflebuliyo<br />
amgvari fiqrisa da gancdis gaunelebeli<br />
satanjvelisagan.<br />
fsiqologiuri sawyisi aseTi moqmedebisa ar aris Zneli asaxsneli<br />
da mis klasikur nimuSad iohan volfgang goeTesa da mis<br />
personaJs moixmoben xolme, im verters (`axalgazrda verteris<br />
vnebani~), romelmac mTlianad itvirTa mwerlis mwvave sulieri<br />
gancdebi, gadaibara TviTmkvlelobisaken miswrafeba da kidec<br />
aRasrula, riTac goeTe gadaarCina garduvali daRupvisagan.<br />
romanis avtobiografiuloba raRac amgvars isedac gulisxmobda,<br />
da mxcovani goeTe uTuod kmayofili gamoxedavda `axalgazrda<br />
verteris vnebebs~, rogorc erTaderT gzas xsnisas: meyo<br />
vaJkacoba, raTa sicocxles ar gamovTxovebodio.
arc arasodes uaruyvia, verterSi sakuTar Tavs rom<br />
gulisxmobda.<br />
ise xom SeiZleba es personaJi ara mizanswrafuli ganzraxviT,<br />
aramed uneblieT Seeqmna, didad arc Cakvirveboda, Tu ratom<br />
miawerda gmirs Tavis pirad fiqrebsa da gancdebs da ratom<br />
ubiZgebda TviTmkvlelobisaken. da mkafiod veRarc gaecnobierebina,<br />
TviTon ratom da rodis aeRo xeli amgvar Canafiqrze.<br />
gadarCeboda ki...<br />
xolo rodesac anton Cexovi andrei vasileviC kovrinis saxes<br />
gamokveTda `Savi beris~ mTavar gmirad, Tavidan egeb marTlac<br />
ar fiqrobda, avtobiografiul xasiaTs vqmnio, da, rasakvirvelia,<br />
arc es moTxroba esaxeboda avtobiografiuli yaidis<br />
Txzulebad.<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi TviTon ase irwmuneboda: gandidebis maniaze<br />
msurda moTxrobis dawera, esaa da eso.<br />
yofiT cxovrebas Seejaxeboda da mZlavradac Seejaxeboda<br />
kovrini.<br />
ver CaiTrevda sofluri yofis simSvide, ver moxiblavda bunebis<br />
idilia, ver gamoamwyvdevda Tavis artaxebSi baRis jadosnuri<br />
mSveniereba, idumalebiTa da SigniT RvTiuri xelis datrialebiT<br />
edemsac rom gaaxsenebs mkiTxvels.<br />
raRac sxva surda, sxva samyaro ufro eZaxda, sakuTari Tavis<br />
srulyofilad gamoxatvas eswrafoda, amisaTvis ki usaTuod unda<br />
gamorideboda yofiTobis garegnul mimzidvelobas da xsnis<br />
gza eZia im fiqrebsa da warmosaxvebSi, rac axloblebisTvisac ki<br />
arafriT ar gansxvavdeboda avadmyofuri fantaziebisagan.<br />
da amitomac moindomebdnen mis gankurnebas sneulebisagan,<br />
raTa gadaerCinaT amao miswrafebaTagan.<br />
saukeTeso eqims monaxavdnen da kovrins gaufantavdnen im<br />
avadmyofur fantaziebs. da SvebiT rom amoisunTqebdnen, Cven-<br />
Tvis Zvirfasi pirovneba aserigad mtanjvel sneulebas gamovtaceTo,<br />
swored mas Semdeg unda daiwyos kovrinis namdvili tra-<br />
233
gedia, romelTan SedarebiTac misi manamdeli sulieri SfoTva<br />
da mRelvareba monagonic aRaraa.<br />
da `gankurnebuli~ kovrini brals sdebs meuRlesac da simamrsac,<br />
ratom gamomarkvieT Cemi fiqrebidan da gancdebidan da<br />
damabruneT im garemoSi, romelsac verafrisdidebiT ver Seveguebi<br />
da SeveTvisebio.<br />
_ ra bednierebi arian buda, muhamedi da Seqspiri, keTil na-<br />
Tesavebsa da eqimebs eqstazisa da STagonebisagan rom ar ganukurnavTo,<br />
_ aseTi mkacri aRmoCndeboda misi ganaCeni Tavisi ke-<br />
Tili mfarvelebis mimarT, _ muhameds nervebis dasamSvideblad<br />
kaliumis bromidi rom mieRo, ori saaTi emuSava dRe-RameSi da<br />
esva rZe, am araCveulebrivi adamianisagan iseve mcire ram darCeboda,<br />
rac misi ZaRlisagano.<br />
da misi sinanulnarevi sityvebis mamxilebeli paTosi mTels<br />
kacobriobas unda gadawvdes:<br />
_ eqimebi da keTili naTesavebi bolosdabolos imas miaRweven,<br />
rom kacobrioba daClungdeba, uniWo geniosad Seiracxeba<br />
da civilizacia daiRupeba.<br />
TiTqos bibliuri winaswarmetyveli moTqvamdes da SeaCvenebdes<br />
erTsa da imave dros.<br />
es ar aris martoden andrei kovrinis mgznebareba da mkacri<br />
munaTi.<br />
es ar aris mxolod misi mowodeba gamofxizlebisaken.<br />
TviTon anton Cexovs miudevnebia Tavisi fiqrebic sakuTar<br />
personaJisaTvis.<br />
asec aRiqvamdnen am moTxrobas col-qmari severinebi (upirvelesad<br />
coli, qmari rom mxolod gaiziarebda mis dakvirvebas)<br />
da kidec amcnobdnen avtors TavianT Sexedulebas: kovrinSi sakuTari<br />
Tavi gyavs gamoxatulio.<br />
Cexovi aramarto dabejiTebiT uaryofda am Tvalsazriss,<br />
cota ar iyos ganawyendeboda kidec, rasac mowmobs 1894 wlis 25<br />
ianvars gagzavnili baraTis kilo:<br />
234
_ fsiqikurad TiTqos janmrTeli var.<br />
sxvac rom araferi daewera, es erTi frazac savsebiT amJRavnebs<br />
mis ganwyobilebas, es saidan ra momawereTo!..<br />
Tumc CavyveT am striqonebsac:<br />
_ marTalia, gansakuTrebuli survili sicocxlisa ar gamaCnia,<br />
magram es jer mainc ar niSnavs sneulebas Tavisi namdvili<br />
azriT, aramed raRac gardamavali da cxovrebiseulad bunebrivia.<br />
asea Tu ise, rodesac avtori fsiqikurad avadmyofs warmosaxavs,<br />
es ar gulisxmobs, rom igi TviTonac sneulia. `Sav bers~<br />
yovelgvari faruli azrebis gareSe, civi gonebiT vwerdi, egaa,<br />
survili momeZala, gandidebis mania gameazrebina, beri ki, mindvrad<br />
rom mihqroda, me TviTon mesizmra.<br />
viTom ratom urevdnen erTmaneTSi Tund severinebi Cexovis<br />
pirovnul bunebas gandidebis maniiT Sepyrobili personaJis<br />
xasiaTTan?<br />
SesaZloa moCvenebiTi msgavseba marTlac iCenda Tavs avtorsa<br />
da mis gmirs Soris, magram gana es moCvenebiToba aserigad unda<br />
ganzogadebuliyo da mwerali sulac gaenawyenebinaT?<br />
amitomac anton Cexovi imTaviTve Seecdeboda ZirSive Caekla<br />
misTvis es miuRebeli Tvalsazrisi.<br />
arada, mis pirad werilebSi _ Tund imave severinTan miwerili<br />
baraTi 1893 wlis 28 ivliss _ aSkarad mJRavndeboda mwerlis<br />
mZime sulieri yofa, Torem sxvagvarad arc `martoobis momakvdinebel<br />
sevdaze~ daiCivlebda da arc `sazarel fsiqopaTiur<br />
ganwyobilebaze~.<br />
sxvebic atyobdnen mZafr Sinagan Relvas, SfoTvas, cxovrebisagan<br />
daukmayofileblobis grZnobas. sxvaTaTvis idiliuri garemo<br />
masze damamSvideblad ki ara, Semawuxeblad ufro moqmedebda<br />
da uTuod dauyovnebliv gavardeboda peterburgSi, oci<br />
metris iqiT Savi Wiri rom ar gamZvinvarebuliyo da amas ar<br />
daefrTxo.<br />
235
Zma misi, mixail Cexovi mogvianebiT gaixsenebda, melixovoSi<br />
anton pavloviCs gadaRlilobisagan nervebi Ralatobdao.<br />
_ TiTqmis ar eZina. sakmarisi iyo Tvali mielula, maSinve<br />
krToda da erTbaSad SeZruli iRviZebda, raRac ucnauri Zala<br />
wamoagdebda xolme loginSi, Signidan raRac `fesvebianad~ eglijeboda,<br />
wamoxteboda da mere didxans veRar iZinebda.<br />
kovrinsac sxva ki araferi sWirs!..<br />
is saSineli sizmaric Sav berze aki maSin ixila mweralma.<br />
_ Savi beris STabeWdileba imdenad mZlavri iyo, antoni kidev<br />
didxans ver dawynarda da gauTaveblad am xilvaze laparakobda,<br />
vidre bolosdabolos Tavis cnobil moTxrobas dawerda masze.<br />
neta fsiqiatriisadmi mwerlis gansakuTrebuli interesi<br />
uneblieT daemTxva am xanas Tu swored Savi beris molandebam<br />
ubiZga am samyarosaken?<br />
Segonebadac ki Camoayalibebda:<br />
_ Tu gnebavT namdvili mwerali gaxdeT, fsiqiatria<br />
SeiswavleT!..<br />
aseTi rCeva mTlad uneblie ar unda iyos da sworedac Savi<br />
beris xilvas unda Caegonebina adamianis xasiaTis Sreebze dakvirveba<br />
maincdamainc fsiqiatriuli meTodebis momarjvebiT,<br />
raTa mxatvrul ganzogadebebs raRaciT waSveleboda. an iqneb<br />
bevrad ufro metiTac, vidre es `raRaca~ gaxldaT.<br />
zmanebis STabeWdileba ki marTlac gamaognebeli aRmoCndeboda.<br />
Savi beris simboluri saxeba sakuTar oreulad warmoudgeboda<br />
da moTxrobac am qargaze aigeboda, pirovnul oreulad _<br />
sneuli fantaziis nayofad, oRond iseTi sneulis, romlisgan<br />
TavdaRwevac arafrisdidebiT ara surda.<br />
ra bednierebi arian buda, muhamedi da Seqspiri, keTil naTesavebsa<br />
da eqimebs eqstazisa da STagonebisagan rom ar<br />
ganukurnavTo...<br />
andrei kovrins gankurnavdnen da... misi piradi tragediis mizezic<br />
es Seiqneboda.<br />
236
Tavs ar iklavs, magram ise mizandasaxulad miabijebs aRsasrulisaken<br />
keTil axlobelTa da eqimTa mier gankurnebuli da<br />
amiT sasowarkveTili da mizandakarguli, rom misi gamoTxoveba<br />
wuTisofelTan didad arc gansxvavdeba TviTmkvlelobisagan.<br />
da gadadis Tu ara miRma samyaroSi, aq mis neSts saxeze netari<br />
Rimili aRebeWdeba, ramac xelSesaxebad unda daadasturos personaJis<br />
sxeulisa da sulis SeuTavsebloba yofiT sinamdvileSi.<br />
bevric emtkicebina anton Cexovs, kovrinad sakuTari Tavi ar<br />
gamomixatavso.<br />
dabejiTebiT emeorebina, moTxrobaSi gandidebis mania gaviazre<br />
mxatvrulad, egaa da ego...<br />
Tavdapirveli ganzraxva SesaZloa esec yofiliyo, an raRa SesaZloa<br />
_ rakiRa Cexovi ase gvamcnobs, ra ufleba gvaqvs, rom ar<br />
davujeroT... magram, mogexsenebaT, erTia pirvandeli Canafiqri<br />
da meorea misi aRsruleba, rac xSirad sruliad acdenila Tavdapirvel<br />
ganzraxvas da mTavari gmiric sul sxvagvarad gamokveTila<br />
da Txzulebasac sul sxva mizandasaxuleba da suliskve-<br />
Teba SeuZenia, vidre avtori varaudobda.<br />
da `Savi beric~ da andrei kovrinic maT rigSi unda vigulisxmoT,<br />
ganzraxva da Sesruleba rom daSorebula erTimeores.<br />
an... iqneb arc daSorebula da Cexovs Zalian kargad moexseneboda,<br />
andrei kovrinad sakuTari Tavi rom warmoesaxa.<br />
maS sapirispiros ratomRa amtkicebda?<br />
snoburi sazogadoebis azrs ufrTxoda, vaiTu sulSi damiwyon<br />
xelebis faTuri, rogorc sCveviaT, anda zedapirulad<br />
aRiqvan es yovelive da Cemi amaRlebuli swrafvani da wuTisoflisa<br />
da xelovanis SejaxebiT gamowveuli tragizmi damixurdavon,<br />
damikninon da gandidebis manias miawerono.<br />
amitomac erCivna, rom maT TvalSi gamijvnoda Tavis<br />
personaJs.<br />
ar daujerebdnen da mainc gaaigivebdnen?<br />
TviTon xom ar adasturebda da...<br />
237
diax, an ase unda gaviazroT es yvelaferi da an pirvandeli<br />
ganzraxvisa da Sesrulebis daSoriSorebad.<br />
da virwmunoT, rom andrei kovrinis prototipi TviTonvea<br />
anton Cexovi.<br />
mxolod ase, Torem codvaa es moTxrobac da misi mTavari gmiric,<br />
aserigad Tu SevukvecavT frTebs da miviCnevT gandidebis<br />
maniis mxatvrul xorcSesxmad. kovrinis xasiaTic gacilebiT<br />
rTulia da mravalSriani da `Savi beric~ ramdenime plans moicavs,<br />
did sulier tragizmamde rom maRldeba, RvTiuri aRmafrenisa<br />
da amqveyniuri yofis mZafr Sejaxebamde, moazrovne adamianis<br />
gulisWidilis ukidures warmosaxvamde, saerTod ki misi<br />
dedaazri am formulaSi SeiZleba Caiwuros: Semoqmedis bedi wu-<br />
TisofelSi.<br />
`Savi beris~ sworad wakiTxvis Semdeg amitomac vaRiarebT<br />
kovrinis prototipad TviTon avtors, eneba mas es Tu ar eneba.<br />
fsiqikurad TiTqos janmrTeli var, marTalia gansakuTrebuli<br />
survili sicocxlisa ar gamaCnia, magram es jer mainc ar niSnavs<br />
sneulebaso...<br />
fsiqikuri janmrTeloba sulac ar uSlis xels imgvar gancdebsa<br />
da warmosaxvebs, kovrins rom dauflebia.<br />
es xom upirvelesad xelovanis miswrafebaa wuTisoflis artaxebis<br />
gasaglejad da im harmoniis aRsadgenad, edemis baRTan<br />
erTad rom dasrulda, bibliur abelTan erTad samudamod rom<br />
ganqarda, magram datovebiT dagvitova STagonebis, RvTiuri aRmafrenis<br />
fragmentebi, romelTa Sesakowiweblad zrunvacaa sulier<br />
pirovnebaTa amqveyniuri misia da... maTi tragediis saTavec<br />
aq Cabudebula.<br />
zogi uZlebda am gausaZlis sulier tkivils, zogic veRar<br />
da... gadarCenis gzad TavianT personaJebs moixmobdnen, maT gadaabarebdnen<br />
TavianT sulier SfoTvasa da tanjvas da am da mxolod<br />
am gziT Tavs aRwevdnen TviTmkvlelobaze fiqrs.<br />
ase Seefareboda anton Cexovi andrei kovrins.<br />
238
ase Seefareboda vaJa-fSavela mindias.<br />
amitomacaa `Savi beri~ avtobiografiuli moTxroba _ sworedac<br />
Semoqmedis bedze.<br />
da `gvelis-mWamelic~ avtobiografiuli poema amitomacaa _<br />
isic swored Semoqmedis bedze.<br />
msjeloba mere Tugind filosofiuri kalapotiTac warmar-<br />
Te, es ukve didi ram codva aRarc iqneba.<br />
ejajgureboda luka razikaSvili gogoTuris lods da... daZvriTac<br />
ver daeZra.<br />
sagmiro eposs daejajgureboda da... ahkravda da aitacebda,<br />
azidavda iseT simaRleze, Tamamad gausworebda mzeras am Janris<br />
didostatT da iqiT homerosTan rom ipovnida sulier Zafebs,<br />
aqeT goeTes `faustsac~ sul sxva TvaliT Caukvirdeboda _ ukve<br />
ara mkiTxvelis, aramed sulieri memkvidris TvaliT, jer imis<br />
dros miaCndaT eposi yavlgasulad, da saukunis Semdeg xom ra-<br />
Ra!.. magram vaJas, sakuTari sulieri mzaobisa da mxatvruli<br />
warmosaxvebisa da mrwamsis garda imedad `faustic~ eguleboda,<br />
ager axlaxan goeTe Tu ar Sepueboda gabatonebul literaturul<br />
azrs, kvlavac SeiZleboda mdinarebis aRma aWra, Tanac im<br />
zogadi stilistikis gaTvaliswinebiT ki ara, sagmiro eposs maincdamainc<br />
erTi gabmuli siuJeti rom unda hqonoda, aramed Sumeruli<br />
`gilgameSianiviT~ _ damoukidebeli ambebi, damoukidebeli<br />
siuJeturi xazebi erTmaneTs rom miedgmoda da mere gind<br />
epikuri qmnileba dagerqmia da gind simRerebis cikls.<br />
amitom rogorc geneba, ise daalagebdi am simRerebs, romel<br />
ambavsac gindoda daawinaurebdi, romelsac gindoda _ moadevnebdi,<br />
yvelas Tavisi sakuTari dro hqonda da araviTar qronologiur<br />
Tanmimdevrobas ar emorCileboda.<br />
vaJas sagmiro eposic am Sinagan struqturas daeyrdnoboda.<br />
rogorc geneba, ise ganalagebdi im poemebs, romelTac Turme<br />
erTiani eposi unda SeedginaT.<br />
neta imTaviTve ase ganezraxa?<br />
239
240<br />
Tu TandaTan gamoikveTeboda es idea, poemaTa Seqmnis kvalobaze?<br />
Tumc... amis dazusteba naklebmniSvnelovania.<br />
mTavari ufro isaa, zustad gamoirCes is ZiriTadi birTvi va-<br />
Ja-fSavelas 27 poemidan, sagmiro eposi romelTac Seadgines da<br />
Tanac am JanrisaTvis aserigad Seuferebel Jams.<br />
oTar CxeiZe sagangebod aRniSnavda goeTes sifrTxiles, `fausts~<br />
tragedia rom miawera da ara sagmiro eposi, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom swored eposad Caefiqrebina. magram ise moxdeboda,<br />
rom aRorZinebisa da ganmanaTleblobis epoqaSi amaod Sealevdnen<br />
TviT TvalsaCino poetebi Zal-Rones am Janris ganaxlebas,<br />
gameorebiT `iliadasa~ Tu `eneidas~ yvela mxatvrul xerxs gaimeorebdnen,<br />
magram verafers miaRwevdnen da STamomavloba sruliad<br />
miiviwyebda maT im Tavgamodebul cdebs.<br />
da Tu goeTe ifrTxilebda,<br />
_ miTufro sifrTxile marTebda vaJasa, goeTe saukunis dasawyisSi<br />
Camdgariyo, vaJa boloSi, oRond boloc aris da boloca,<br />
_ simbolistebma lirika azides umaRles mwvervalze, lirika<br />
gamoacxades umaRles Janrada, lirika modad iqca da epika,<br />
sxva rom ara iyos ra, CamorCenilobadRa iTqmoda. vaJas mimarT<br />
amitomac wamoscdaT kritikosebsa, CamorCeniliao. gasakviric<br />
ar aris. cxovrebas moda uyvars, literaturamac icis Tavisi moda,<br />
magram eposi xom didixnis micvalebulad iTvleboda, es moda<br />
rodia, istoriuli sinamdvile iyo.<br />
es istoriuli sinamdvile ras gamoewvia?<br />
_ eposi miTologiuri azrovnebis nayofi gaxldaT da materialisturi<br />
epoqebi veRar iguebda.<br />
magram mxatvrul azrovnebas, literaturul mdinarebas Tavisi<br />
wes-kanonebi moepoveba, romelic agrerigad ar emorCileba<br />
sazogadoebriv-politikur formaciaTa msvlelobas da amjeradac<br />
ase moxdeboda.<br />
materialisturi epoqebi veRar iguebdao da:<br />
iguebda Turme.
aba, tyuilubralodac xom ar ganisazRvreboda vaJa-fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebiTi cnobiereba rogorc miTosuri.<br />
da kidec:<br />
_ es goeTem daamtkica `faustiTa~, es vaJam daadastura Tavisi<br />
eposiTa, romelsac poemebi Serqmevia da ramdenime saTauri aqvs.<br />
Cven ganvsazRvravT ase, Torem TviTon vaJas arsad mouxsenebia<br />
sagmiro eposad Tavis epikur qmnilebaTa is mTavari birTvi,<br />
da arc am birTvis dazustebuli sia mouwvdia.<br />
miniSnebiT ki migvaniSna, Segnebulad anda sulac qveSecneulad.<br />
rodesac Seecdeboda gaemijna Tavis SemoqmedebaSi ra iyo<br />
xalxuri da ra _ sakuTriv misi, sanimuSod aki im xuTi poemis<br />
arakebs moixmobda, xalxSi rac gaegona da zed Tavisi warmosaxva<br />
mieSvelebina:<br />
`stumar-maspinZeli~,<br />
`gvelis-mWameli~,<br />
`aluda qeTelauri~,<br />
`baxtrioni~,<br />
`gogoTur da afSina~.<br />
da raki mxolod eseni gamoerCia, miniSnebac swored es gaxldaT<br />
_ es igulisxmeT Cems eposad, am xuTi poemis nakrebio.<br />
pirobiTi Tanmimdevrobac ase warmoedgina, Torem _ `gilgame-<br />
Sisa~ ar iyos _ TviTeul poemas Tavisi Sinagani dro hqonda da er-<br />
Ti saxelwodebis qveSac amitomac SeinarCunebdnen damoukideblobas.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas am miniSnebas usaTuod gaiTvaliswinebdnen<br />
mkvlevarebi, magram zog SemTxvevaSi TavTavis arCevansac SemogvTavazebdnen.<br />
grigol kiknaZe xuTive poemas miuCenda adgils Tavis sqema-<br />
Sic, magram `eTeriansac~ daumatebda.<br />
arc Tamaz Cxenkeli gamotovebda arcerTs (Tumc `gvelismWamels~<br />
mxolod ideuri TvalsazrisiT Seracxavda didmniSvnelovan<br />
poemad, Torem mxatvruli srulyofis mniSvnelobiT da-<br />
241
narCenebs ver gautolebda), magram Tavis mxrivac Sematebda erT<br />
nimuSs da es nimuSi aRmoCndeboda ara `eTeriani~, aramed `kopala~.<br />
mxolod oTar CxeiZe gaiziarebda pirwmindad vaJaseul Sefasebas<br />
sakuTari epikuri qmnilebebisa da mis mier aziduli sagmiro<br />
eposis Janris qveS mxolod im xuT poemas gaaerTianebda.<br />
egaa, Tu vaJa `gogoTur da afSinas~ siis boloSi moaqcevda,<br />
oTar CxeiZe TavSi gadmoitanda, da gadmoitanda imitom, rom mis<br />
avtografiul TxzulebebSi CarTul `lodis pasaJs~ simbolursa<br />
da gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas mianiWebda da Sesaferisadac<br />
ganazogadebda:<br />
_ jeelobaSive erCoda guli, gogoTuris lods eWideboda<br />
da ver daeZra, ver aewia, javrad CarCenoda, Tavisi eposi `gogo-<br />
Tur da afSinaTi~ daewyo da lodic, imisi mitanilic, erTbaSad<br />
daeZra, maRla aetana, eWira dauSveblada.<br />
da Tu es poema dawinaurdeboda CamonaTvalSi, sxva yovelive<br />
dae iseve darCeniliyo, vaJas rogorc daelagebina.<br />
pirobiToba pirobiTobad, TavTavisi dro TavTavis drod,<br />
magram egeb mainc `gvelis-mWameli~ mogveqcia siis saTaveSi.<br />
viTom ratom?<br />
ratom da:<br />
jer erTi, barem avtobiografiul Txzulebas gaexsna es cikli.<br />
meorec, garegnuli ieriT yvelaze arqauli is moCans, bolosdabolos,<br />
misi araki gacilebiT ufro Zveli Jamidan modis, vidre<br />
sxva poemaTa siuJeturi pirvelbiZgebi.<br />
da mesamec, TiTqos kompoziciuri rkali ikvris _ marjved<br />
da TavisTavad.<br />
gaxsovT `baxtrionis~ finaluri suraTi?<br />
gveli rom ulokavs luxums Wrilobas, cremliT ulbobs, saWmels<br />
uzidavs, wyaros wyals asmevs da mkurnaladac moevlineba<br />
gmirs qveynis didi gasxivosnebis winare Jams: laSaris gorze<br />
luxumis Sedgomis simbolur-eqstazur suraTSi.<br />
242
mindiasac gvelis xorcis WamiT axilvoda mesame Tvali da<br />
samyaros idumalebaSic Caexeda.<br />
da barem am simbolur saxebas _ sikeTed gardaqmnil mters<br />
kacTa modgmisa _ moeqcia sakuTar wreSi vaJas sagmiro eposis<br />
Tavi da bolo _ rac iwyebda, imasve gaesrulebina.<br />
SuaSi, mesame adgili uTuod `aluda qeTelaurs~ Sehferis,<br />
rogorc am ciklis mwvervals.<br />
aqeT-iqidan ki amoudgebian `gogoTur da afSina~ da `stumarmaspinZeli~.<br />
vera, ver moTavsdeboda verc `eTeri~ da verc `kopala~ am<br />
ciklSi, vercerTi ver aRmoCndeboda sagmiro eposis erT-erTi<br />
sayrdeni. zegavlenani _ erTgan mwignobruli da meoregan folkloruli<br />
_ aq orivegan sagrZnobi iqneboda da frTebs Seukvecavda<br />
vaJas poetur aRmafrenas. eposis damatebaSi, Tuki aseTi<br />
ram SeiZleba arsebobdes, ratomac ara _ orives SeiZleba moe-<br />
Zebnos adgili da oriod kidev sxva nimuSsac, raRac niuansebs<br />
rom mainc SesZenen am erTian qmnilebas, romlis saerTo saxelwodebac<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SeurCeveli darCa.<br />
magram am xuTeuls nurafers CavurevT, raTa sagmiro eposma,<br />
isedac dromoWmulad da amao mcdelobad gamocxadebulma, XIX-<br />
XX saukuneTa mijnaze, SeinarCunos mxatvruli STambeWdaoba da<br />
Zalmosileba da Sig xarvezismagvari araferi gaerios.<br />
lodic, imisi iq mitanilic, erTbaSad daeZra, maRla aetana da<br />
eWira dauSvebladao...<br />
xolo yofiTi cxovreba...<br />
yofiTi cxovreba ZiZgnida, Wamda da xravda vaJa-fSavelasac,<br />
gasaqans ar aZlevda da lamis daeTrguna kidec, rakiRa gauTaveblad<br />
STanTqavda im wuTebs: gulze mesvena mze-mTvare, vlaparakobdi<br />
RmerTTanao!..<br />
Tavs egre adviladac ar daaTrguninebda, magram is SemZvreli<br />
fiqric rom aekviateboda, vaiTu Seupovroba da nebisyofa ar<br />
meyoso, mindias saxes moiZiebda zepir gadmocemebSi, amozidav-<br />
243
da, siuJetur qargas mouqsovda, gadaiazrebda da Semoqmedis bedisweras<br />
Seutolebda, amis simbolod aqcevda da Tavis arsebas<br />
Sig gamoaxvevda.<br />
dae imas ezida TviTmkvlelis tvirTi, personaJi Senacvleboda<br />
avtors.<br />
samagierod, vaJa-fSavela gadaerCina amisTana miswrafebisagan.<br />
da sxvaTaTvisac gzamkvlevi gamxdariyo da edemis baRisa da<br />
abeluri sulis gamonaTebad damkvidrebuliyo sazogadoebriv<br />
SegnebaSi erTxel da samudamod.<br />
ise mainc ram amoatanina gogoTurs is lodi?!.<br />
kopalas salocavTan daagdebda, imas swiravda, imas udasturebda<br />
sakuTar Zal-Rones da... uneburad sajildaodac aqcevda,<br />
axal-axali Taobebi zed rom awydebodnen, nuTu Cvens Sorisac<br />
ar gamoereva gogoTuris badalio?!.<br />
verc gadaeTriaT, Torem awevasa da qaris gatarebas vin Civis!..<br />
luka razikaSvilic am lodTan WidiliT daiwyebda cxovreba-<br />
Si Semosvlas, mis azidvaSi dainaxavda Tavis bed-iRbals da... mere<br />
ki am Widils mxatvrul ZiebebSi gadaSlida, sagmiro eposs<br />
rom mietaneboda asazidad...<br />
mainc warsulis aCrdils Camohgavda...<br />
mainc miTosuri cnobierebiT ganmsWvaluliyo da uSoresi<br />
warsulis mkvdreTiT aRmdgar Svils damsgavseboda...<br />
***<br />
mindia xmlis tars unda Sexeboda ceriT.<br />
qarqaSiT amoewvada da wveriT guls miebjina...<br />
da mkerdidan sisxli wyarosebr gadmoCqerebuliyo.<br />
mTvares ki gadmoeSuqa sajixveebis seriT da TviTmkvlels<br />
mozare qalis feriT daStereboda.<br />
***<br />
ara, mainc ram aatanina is lodi gogoTurs kopalas<br />
salocavTan!..<br />
244
nawili III<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
rCeuli anotirebuli bibliografia<br />
245
246
vaJa-fSavela<br />
rCeuli anotirebuli bibliografia<br />
(dabadebidan <strong>150</strong>-e da gardacvalebidan 96-e wlisTavi)<br />
2011 wels Sesrulda didi qarTveli mwelisa da sazogado<br />
moRvawis, vaJa-fSavelas (luka razikaSvili) dabadebidan <strong>150</strong> da<br />
gadacvalebidan 96 wlis iubile.<br />
vaJa-fSavelam, rogorc qarTvel samocianelTa umcrosma Tanamedrovem<br />
da TanamebrZolma, samwerlo asparezze gamosvlis<br />
dRidanve miiqcia rogorc mkiTxveli sazogadoebis, ise literaturis<br />
kritikosTa yuradReba. imdenad farTo da yovlismomcveli<br />
aRmoCnda vaJas, rogorc moazrovnis, Tvalsawieri, rom<br />
misi Semoqmedeba dRemde Seunelebel interess aRZravs ara<br />
mxolod literaturis istorikosTa Tu TeoretikosTa, aramed<br />
enaTmecnierTa, filosofosTa, eTnografTa Tu folkloristTa<br />
Soris; am `qarTuli sulis ganmasaxierebeli geniosis~ (art.<br />
laisti) qmnilebebs udidesi interesiT ecnobian Cveni qveynis<br />
farglebs gareTac.<br />
XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebis,<br />
Semoqmedebisa da mravalferovani literaturuli memkvidreobis<br />
kvleva. ganvlili wlebis manZilze araerTi monografia<br />
Tu narkvevi daiwera rogorc qarTul, ise _ ucxo enaze.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas saiubilo TariRis aRsaniSnavad SoTa rusTavelis<br />
qarTuli literaturis institutSi momzadda winamdebare<br />
rCeuli anotirebuli bibliografia, raTa mkvlevrebs, pedagogebs,<br />
student da moswavle axalgazrdobas; agreTve vaJas SemoqmedebiT<br />
dainteresebul nebismier pirovnebas gauadvildes<br />
orientireba didi mwerlis Sesaxeb Seqmnil didZal samecniero<br />
literaturaSi.<br />
masalis SerCeva da anotireba dasrulda 2011 wels. mecnierkonsultanti:<br />
iuza evgeniZe; koordinatori — nana fruiZe.<br />
247
institutis mecnier-TanamSromlebisa garda, anotaciebis<br />
SedgenaSi monawileoba miiRes Tsu literaturis Teoriisa da<br />
literaturaTmcodneobis mimarTulebis samagistro programis<br />
studentebma.<br />
anotaciebis avtorTa inicialebi<br />
anbanuri rigiT<br />
a.a. — amiran arabuli<br />
n.m. — nana mrevliSvili<br />
n.f. — nana fruiZe<br />
q.S. — qeTevan Sengelia<br />
e.C. — eka CikvaiZe<br />
st. — T. TvalWreliZe, e. kuraspetiani, T. maxaraSvili,<br />
n.xaraSvili, T. cincaZe<br />
248
I. vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba<br />
a) vaJa-fSavela, TxzulebaTa sruli krebulebi<br />
vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 5 tomad (red. g.<br />
abzianiZe; winasityvaoba g. jiblaZis). Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo,<br />
1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 10 tomad (mT. red.<br />
g. leoniZe). Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1964.<br />
b) vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani. Seadgina m. lebaniZem. saredaqcio<br />
sabWo: gr. abaSiZe da sx.) Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1985 (seria<br />
mlb).<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani (axalgamovlenili nawarmoebebi).<br />
saredaqcio kolegia: a. WinWarauli, z. WumburiZe, j. WumburiZe<br />
(red)), Tsu, vaJas kabineti, t. I, t. II, Tsu gamomcemloba, 2003.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani: leqsebi, moTxrobebi, poemebi,<br />
publicistika, werilebi (Seadgina da ganmartebebi daurTo g.<br />
bojguam). Tb.: ganaTleba, 1990.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani 5 tomad (Semdg.: x. gagua, j. Rvinjilia,<br />
v. jafariZe), Tb.: saqarTvelo, 1992.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani (Semdg.: g. leoniZe), Tb.: sabWoTa<br />
saqarTvelo, 1987.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebebi (axlad gamovlenili nawarmoebebi).<br />
erTtomeuli. gamomc. l. WrelaSvili, Tsu gamomcemloba,<br />
1979.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani 2 tomad (Semdg.: a. WinWarauli).<br />
Tb., sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1979.<br />
249
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebebi (Seadgina, SeniSvnebi da leqsikoni<br />
daurTo nik. kecxovelma. sared. kolegia: n. alania). qarTuli<br />
saymawvilo literaturis biblioTeka, nakaduli, Tb.: 1972.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani (red.: al. abaSeli da ak. SaniZe). t.<br />
1, tf.: saxelgami, 1946; t.2, tf.: saxelgami, 1950.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani (red.: al. abaSeli; winasityvaoba<br />
a.abaSeli, v. kotetiSvili, g. qiqoZe). t. 1, tf.: saxelgami, 1928; t.<br />
4, 1932; t.5, 1936. t.6, 1939; t. 7, 1956.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani (winasityvaoba a. abaSeli, v. kotetiSvili,<br />
g. qiqoZe). t. 1, tf.: saxelgami, 1922; t. 3, 1930;<br />
Txzulebani vaJa-fSavelasi. tf., q. S. w/k gamavrcelebeli<br />
sazogadoeba, 1899.<br />
250<br />
g) rCeulebi<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli 2 wignad (red. v. WeliZe). Tb.: sabWoTa<br />
saqarTvelo, 1970 (w. 1 _ leqsebi; w. 2 _ poemebi).<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli. Tb.: sablitgami, 1957.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli erTtomeuli. Tb.: saxelgami, 1953.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli leqsebi. Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo,<br />
1959.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli leqsebi da poemebi. Tb.: sablitgami,<br />
1938.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli leqsebi da poemebi. saq. alkk c.k.<br />
sabavSvo da axalgazrduli literaturis gamomcemloba, Tb.:<br />
1938.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli moTxrobebi. Tb.: sablitgami, 1948.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. rCeuli nawerebi. red. g. qiqoZe. teqsti dadgenilia<br />
al. abaSelis mier. tf.: federacia, 1936.
d) calkeuli Txzulebebi<br />
vaJa-fSavela. sami saymawvilo ambavi rva suraTiT da avtoris<br />
mokle biografiiT. Tb.: q. S. w/k g. s., 1889.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. lirika. Semdgeneli e. kvitaiSvili. Tb.: merani,<br />
1986.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. eTnografiuli werilebi. redaqtori da<br />
winasityvaobis avtori g. qiqoZe. ssrk mecn. akad. saqarTvelos<br />
filialis gamomcemloba, 1937.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. moTxrobebi, dramatuli nawarmoebebi or<br />
tomad. Tb.: nakaduli, 1972.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. poemebi. Tb.: nakaduli, 1990.<br />
vaJa, Tedo, baCana. saymawvilo Txzulebebi. Tb.: merani, 1994.<br />
e) krebulebi<br />
vaJa-fSavela. aforizmebi. amokriba g. saiTiZem. Tsu, 1961.<br />
vaJa-fSavela. aforizmebi da gamonaTqvamebi. Semdg. m. mTvareliZe,<br />
red. j. WumburiZe. Tsu, 1988.<br />
vaJa-fSavela literaturis da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Tb.: 1967.<br />
vaJas-Rimili. Tb.. 2008.<br />
251
252<br />
II. vaJa-fSavelas cxovreba, Semoqmedeba da<br />
sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba<br />
a) bibliografiuli krebulebi<br />
T. nakaSiZe, i. gorgaZe<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
biobibliografia 1879-1979, Tb., 1987<br />
krebulSi warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa da<br />
Semoqmedebis amsaxveli masala, romelic moicavs erT saukunes<br />
(1879-1979). bibliografiaSi aRnusxulia rogorc vaJa-fSavelas<br />
nawarmoebebi, ise literatura poetis Sesaxeb (qarTulsa da sxva<br />
enebze); wignSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba Semdeg rubrikebs: vaJafSavela<br />
mxatvrul literaturaSi, mwerlis TxzulebaTa Targmanebi<br />
sabWoTa kavSirisa da sazRvargareTis xalxTa enebze,<br />
beWduri gamoxmaurebani vaJas TxzulebaTa mixedviT Seqmnil<br />
speqtaklebze, kinosuraTebsa Tu saxviTi xelovnebis<br />
nawarmoebebze.<br />
wignSi gaTvaliswinebulia 1979 wlamde Seqmnili yvela bibliografiuli<br />
naSromi vaJas Sesaxeb. wigni Sedgeba sami ganyofilebisa<br />
da saZieblebisagan. I. vaJa fSavelas nawarmoebebi; II.<br />
literatura vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb; III. vaJa-fSavela mxatvrul<br />
literaturaSi; IV. saZieblebi: vaJa-fSavelas fsevdonimebi da<br />
kriptonimebi; vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebTa gamocemebis saZieblebi;<br />
vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebTa anbanuri saZiebeli; saxelTa<br />
saZiebeli; dawesebuleba-organizaciebis saZieblebi;<br />
n.f.
vaJa-fSavela<br />
cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis matiane<br />
(Semdg.: sol yubaneiSvili), saxelgami, 1940<br />
naSromi Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. pirveli Seicavs vaJa-fSavelas<br />
cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis matianes; meore — bibliografias<br />
da mesame _ dokumentebsa da masalebs.<br />
naSromis pirveli nawili miznad isaxavs warmogvidginos<br />
vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis TariRebi. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
gamoyenebulia rogorc sando pirTa mogonebebi, ise —<br />
saarqivo masala. piradi werilebidan SerCeulia mxolod iseTebi,<br />
romlebSic kargad Cans vaJa, rogorc Semoqmedi da sazogado<br />
moRvawe.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Txzulebebis gamoqveynebis TariRebTan erTad<br />
mocemulia fsevdonimebic. TariRebi naCvenebia Zveli stiliT.<br />
bibliografiaSi warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb dawerili<br />
wignebi da publikaciebi. masala jer dalagebulia qronologiurad,<br />
mere _ Cveulebrivi wesiT anbanze avtorebis mixedviT<br />
(mTavrdeba 1936 welis monacemebiT);<br />
wignis mesame nawilSi mocemulia is dokumentebi da masalebi,<br />
romlebic iZleva cnobebs vaJas ganviTarebisa da im socialurpolitikuri<br />
wyobis Sesaxeb, romelSic aRizarda poeti. wigns<br />
erTvis avtorTa saZiebeli, dokumentebi da masalebi, cenzuris<br />
mier akrZaluli vaJas nawerebi, pirobiTi niSnebi da poetis<br />
genealogia.<br />
n.f.<br />
253
254<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
(dabadebis 100 wlisTavi)<br />
literaturis mokle sarekomendacio sia (araanotirebuli);<br />
red.: s. euli-quriZe, Semdg.: n. akermani, l. egoraSvili,<br />
n. laiSvili, k. ramiSvili<br />
Tb., 1961<br />
sarekomendacio saZiebelSi warmodgenilia rogorc vaJafSavelas<br />
nawarmoebebi, aseve literatura misi cxovrebisa da<br />
Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. krebuli Sedgeba 4 ganyofilebisagan: 1.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba; 2. literatura vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa<br />
da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb; 3. leqsebi — miZRvili vaJasadmi;<br />
4. musikaluri nawarmoebebi, dawerili vaJa fSavelas sityvebze.<br />
masala rogorc qarTul, ise rusul enebze dawyobilia anbanuri<br />
rigiT: jer aRnusxulia poetis Txzulebebi, Semdeg —<br />
vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb calkeuli<br />
gamokvlevebi da bolos Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli masala.<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
(dabadebis 125 wlisTavi)<br />
literaturis sarekomendacio saZiebeli (araanotirebuli),<br />
Semdg.: t. sapatova, v. nanaZe, q. botkoveli, c. sadaRaSvili.<br />
Tb., 1986<br />
n.f.<br />
sarekomendacio saZiebeli ramdenime ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba:<br />
1. Semdgenlebisgan; 2. biografiuli cnobebi; 3. vaJa-fSavelas<br />
gamocemebi; 4. literatura vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa da<br />
Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb;<br />
sarekomendacio saZieblis meoTxe ganyofilebaSi mkiTxveli<br />
gaecnoba litertauras vaJa-fSavelas biografiis Sesaxeb, wignebsa<br />
da statiebs, romlebSic ganxilulia mwerlis Semoqmedeba,
agreTve calkeuli Tematikisadmi (vaJa-fSavela da rusuli<br />
sinamdvile; vaJa-fSavelas poemebis inglisuri Targmanebi; vaJafSavelas<br />
sazogadoebriv-politikuri Sexedulebebi; vaJafSavela<br />
ekransa da scenaze) miZRvnil masalas.<br />
saZiebeli Sedgenilia qarTul da rusul enebze. masalis Ser-<br />
Ceva dasrulda 1986 wlis ivnisSi.<br />
n.f.<br />
s. yubaneiSvili<br />
b) cxovreba da moRvaweoba<br />
cxovreba vaJa-fSavelasi<br />
Tb., sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1961<br />
naSromi Seicavs vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis<br />
amsaxvel Sevsebul da gadamuSavebul masalas, romelic specialurad<br />
am mizniT organizebulma ramdenime eqspediciam moipova.<br />
wigni Sedgeba Semdegi Tavebsagan: vaJa-fSavelas winaprebi,<br />
vaJa Telavis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, vaJa Tbilisis samoqalaqo<br />
saswavlebelSi, vaJa goris saostato seminariaSi; xelnaweri<br />
Jurnali `riJraJi~; vaJa xalxosanTa wreSi; vaJa maswavleblad<br />
sof. amtnixevSi, peterburgSi, vaJa Sinamaswavleblad sof.<br />
oTaraSenSi. vaJas daojaxeba; vaJa sof didToneTSi, vaJa CargalSi;<br />
vaJa monadire; urTieroba Zmebs Soris, literaturuli<br />
kamaTi vaJasa da baCanas Soris; vaJas oxunjobani, vaJas galeqsebani,<br />
rogor werda vaJa, vaJa deklamatori, ilia da vaJa, vaJas<br />
Sexvedrebi; damokidebuleba revoluciur moZraobasTan, vaJas<br />
fsevdonimebi, mefis cenzura da vaJa-fSavela, vaJas iubile;<br />
vaJa da misi gamomcemlebi, avadmyofoba da gardacvaleba, vaJa<br />
fSavelas ukanaskneli werili.<br />
naSroms erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
n. f.<br />
255
g. xornauli<br />
256<br />
cxovreba vaJa-fSavelasi<br />
Tb., erovnuli mwerloba, 2008<br />
narkvevi moicavs ramdenime qveTavs. masSi gaerTianebulia<br />
rogorc mwerlis biografiuli detalebi, aseve razikaSvilTa<br />
gvaris warmomavlobis Sesaxeb vrceli informacia. wignSi aRwerilia<br />
vaJas Tanamedrove saqarTvelos istoriul-kulturuli<br />
mdgomareoba, saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxis, fSavis, kerZod ki<br />
Carglis imdroindeli yofa-cxovreba. mwerlis ganaTlebisa da<br />
adreuli SemoqmedebiTi periodis Sesaxeb saubrisas avtori gansakuTrebiT<br />
gamoyofs im detalebs, romlebmac vaJas pirovnebisa<br />
da msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsis CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani<br />
roli iTamaSes. naSromSi gamoyenebulia dokumenturi<br />
masala mwerlis piradi mimoweridan. dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili<br />
vaJas, rogorc sazogado moRvawis zrdis etapebi. avtori<br />
saubrobs im motivebzec, romlenic vaJas zogierTi poemis safuZveli<br />
gaxda (`aluda qeTelauri~, `stumar-maspinZeli~, `gvelis<br />
mWameli~). narkvevSi vrcladaa asaxuli 1905 wlis revolucia,<br />
saqarTvelos ruseTis monobisagan gaTavisufleba, erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli<br />
brZola, ilias mkvleloba da akakis<br />
gardacvaleba; gamocemebis: `droeba~, ì`iveria~, `kvali~, `Teatri~,<br />
`jejili~ da `mrwamsis~ furclebze gaSlili polemika.<br />
naSromSi saubaria vaJasa da akakis polemikaze enasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT. aseve, vaJas kritikosebsa da qomagebze. avtori exeba<br />
vaJas avadmyofobas, iubilesa da aRsasrulsac.<br />
wigns erTvis damowmebuli literaturis sia da leqsikoni.<br />
aRniSnuli wigni aris mesame Sevsebuli gamocema.<br />
st.
i. evgeniZe<br />
vaJa-fSavela da qarTveli sazogadoeba<br />
wignSi: narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, I<br />
Tb., 2000 (gv. 5-97)<br />
wigni ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb saubaria<br />
pirvel nawilSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sam nakveTadaa gayofili:<br />
I. aq warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelasa da qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />
damokidebulebis kvlevis cda. avtorma scada eCvenebina<br />
vaJasa da misi drois sazogadoebriv-literaturuli atmosferos<br />
urTierTmimarTebis procesi (presisa da sxva dokumenturi<br />
masalis mixedviT); II. meore nakveTSi saubaria imis Sesaxeb, Tu<br />
rogor aRiqva didi mgosani misma TviTmxilvelma, umcrosi Taobis<br />
saxelovanma mweralma grigol robaqiZem da III. mesameSi ki<br />
aRwerilia, socialur-politikuri presingis miuxedavad, mecnieruli<br />
TvalsazrisiT ra doneze ganixila poetis Semoqmedeba<br />
Cveni drois gamoCenilma mecnierma grigol kiknaZem.<br />
narkvevSi TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili vaJas grigol robaqiZiseuli<br />
recefcia (kerZod, saubaria Semdeg sakiTxebze: vaJafSavelas<br />
mrwamsis sakiTxi, miTiuris sakiTxi, qarTul xalxur<br />
sityvierebasTan da klasikur literaturasTan vaJa-fSavelas<br />
mimarTebis sakiTxi grigol robaqiZis naazrevSi da grigol<br />
robaqiZe fSauri dialeqtis poeturi funqciisa da vaJa-fSavelas<br />
enobrivi samyaros Sesaxeb);<br />
mkvlevari mimoixilavs gr. kiknaZis Rvawls vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
kvlevis saqmeSi da askvnis, rom avtori kompleqsurad<br />
ikvlevs vaJas Semoqmedebis problematikas, Cinebulad imarjvebs<br />
mosazRvre disciplinaTa — filosofiis, esTetikis, sociologiis,<br />
pedagogika-fsqologiis, eTnografiis da a. S. monapovars<br />
da aRZrul problemaTa sruliad axlebur interpretacias<br />
gvaTavazobs.<br />
n.f.<br />
257
i. evgeniZe<br />
258<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
(cxovrebisa da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis sakiTxebi)<br />
Tb. universitetis gamomcemloba, 1989<br />
mkiTxveli naSromidan Seityobs, Tu `rogor aRiqva da Seafasa<br />
qarTveli sazogadoebis yvelaze mgrZnobiare da faqizma<br />
nawilma _ qarTuli mxatvruli sityvis warmomadgenlebma —<br />
vaJas pirovneba da Semoqmedeba~. avtoris azriT, am Sefasebas<br />
poetis SemoqmedebiTi istoriis TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda. werili ramdenime nawilisgan Sedgeba: I nakveTi zogadia<br />
da im SesaZlo tendenciaTa winaswari varaudis saxiT warmoCenas<br />
isaxavs miznad, rogorc SeiZleba ganviTardes sazogadoebisa<br />
da geniis urTierToba. II nakveTSi avtori cal-calke<br />
ganixilavs 20 qarTveli mwerlis SemoqmedebiT Sexvedras vaJas-<br />
Tan (ilia, akaki, sofrom mgalobliSvili, d. kldiaSvili, baCana,<br />
v. barnovi, t. tabiZe, p. iaSvili, v. gafrindaSvili, S. afxaiZe, g.<br />
leoniZe, m. javaxiSvili, k. gamsaxurdia, a. abaSeli, d. Sengelaia,<br />
s. Ciqovani, gr. da ir. abaSiZeebi, T. WilaZe, r. jafariZe). avtori<br />
faqtebis Sefasebas dialeqtikuri ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT warmoaCens da xSirad ukve miRebul<br />
Tvalsazrissac argumentirebulad cvlis (mag.: akakisa da vaJas<br />
gapaeqreba). mkvlevari sakiTxs tradiciuli xaziT ganixilavs<br />
(ama Tu im moRvawis azri vaJaze), Tumca axali da metad saintereso<br />
aspeqtic ikveTeba: vaJas gavlena qarTuli literaturuli<br />
azris ganviTarebaze. werili sainteresoa yvela asakisa da sxvadasxva<br />
interesis qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis, radgan literaturuli<br />
azris ganviTarebis istoriis metad mniSvnelovan furclebs<br />
warmoaCens.<br />
e.C.
eTer TaTaraiZe<br />
mamama RmerTs Camahyara saxeli<br />
(gulqan razikaSvilis naambobi)<br />
II Sevsebul-Sesworebuli gamocema;<br />
Tb., gulani, 1991.<br />
wignSi warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas qaliSvilis, gulqan<br />
razikaSvilis, mogonebebi. mkiTxveli gaecnoba didi Semoqmedis<br />
cxovrebis dRemde ucnob detalebs, Svilis TvaliT aRqmul<br />
mamas: vaJas ojaxSi da ojaxis wevrebTan. mkiTxvels SesaZlebloba<br />
eZleva dainaxos, riT hgavs da gansxvavdeba vaJa-Semoqmedi<br />
vaJa _ ojaxis mamisa da yofiT problemebTan pirispir dar-<br />
Cenili adamianisgan. daakvirdes mama-Svilis urTierTobis detalebs,<br />
didi Semoqmedis piradi cxovrebisa Tu fSavelTa saojaxo-eTnografiuli<br />
yofis araerT saintereso epizods. mogonebebs<br />
sicxadesa da STambeWdavobas matebs fSavuri kilo, rac<br />
bunebrivad gvabrunebs vaJas Semoqmedebis wiaRSi, xolo mogonebaTa<br />
fragmentulad gadmocemiT wignis avtori TiTqos uSualod<br />
gvasmeninebs cxovrebiT daRlili moxuci gulqan razika-<br />
Svilis nafiqrsa da naambobs. pauzebiani, gawyvetili Txrobis<br />
Sedegad gulqanisTvis Sinaurad qceul eTer TaTaraiZesTan<br />
erTad Seecdeba mkiTxveli gaigos didi moazrovnis qaliSvilis<br />
wuxili, fiqri, xvedri, amoikiTxos, riT amsgavsebs gulqani mamas<br />
Tavs: `me da mamas erT kalapotSi gvidga fexebi da erTnairad<br />
vberdebiTo~, rom Cioda.<br />
mogonebebs erTvis amiran arabulis bolosityva `gulqani~<br />
da mwerlis qaliSvilisa da fSavelTa yofis amsaxveli 20-ze<br />
meti foto.<br />
e.C.<br />
259
artur laisti<br />
260<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
wignSi: saqarTvelos guli, w. 2.<br />
Tb., 1927<br />
krebuli qarTveli eris megobris _ artur laistis - mogonebaTa<br />
da werilebis krebulia, romelTa Tematikac saqarTvelos<br />
istoria da qarTuli kulturaa. `Soreuli Tvisiani~ uwoda<br />
jer kidev ucxoeTSi moRvawe artur laists ilia WavWavaZem~.<br />
artur laisti qarTul kulturul procesTa SesaniSnavi Semfasebelia.<br />
krebulSi vaJas Sesaxeb ori mcire werilia warmodgenili.<br />
mkiTxveli gaecnoba `Soreuli Tvisianis~ emociur Sefasebebsa<br />
da daskvnebs: `vaJa umagaliTo movlenaa kacobriobis<br />
istoriaSi... ilias CemTvis uTqvams, vaJa-fSavela aris genialuri<br />
poeti da yvelafriT ganirCeva Tanamedrove poetebisgano~<br />
(gv. 76). ra qmnis, artur laistis TvalsazrisiT, vaJas genialurobas<br />
da riT ganirCeva TanamedroveTagan `mTis poeti _ vaJa~?<br />
avtori vaJas fenomenis Camoyalibebis gzis mokle mimoixilvis<br />
Semdeg gamokveTs, ra ganasxvavebs mas al. yazbegisa Tu mTis sxva<br />
warmomadgenelTagan. TviTganviTareba, fSavur lokalur ares-<br />
Tan organuli kavSiri artur laistisTvis is ori niSia, rac<br />
qmnis vaJas Taviseburebas da ganuzomlad zrdis mis mniSvnelobas,<br />
erTi mxriv, qarTveli erisa da, meore mxriv, zogadad<br />
kacobriobisTvis. `rogorc frigiis mefe midasi yvelafers oqrod<br />
aqcevda, ise vaJac yvelafers poeziad aqcevs... igi poetia,<br />
romlisTvisac arsebobs mxolod poezia, yovelgvari `izmisgan~<br />
Tavisufali~ (gv. 73). iSviaTia, ucxo qveynis Svilma ase igrZnos<br />
sxva qveynis kultura, rogorc artur laistma. amitom, miuxedavad<br />
drois msvlelobisa, mis Sefasebebs Rirebuleba ar<br />
daukargavs.<br />
e.C.
v. razikaSvili<br />
mamaCemi vaJa-fSavela<br />
Tb., 1977<br />
avtori garda sakuTarisa, WignSi warmogvidgens mis mier<br />
Caweril vaJas TanamedroveTa _ arjalaanT RvTisos, Wrela<br />
molodinaSvilis, JamieraanT pavles, goderZis, xexeras, petriaanT<br />
lukasa da sxvaTa mogonebebs. avtoris TqmiT, man masala<br />
SerCeviT Seitana wignSi. kerZod, rac ar Seefereboda vaJas<br />
xasiaTs, miiCnia xalxis SeTxzulad da ugulebelyo. wignSi<br />
mkiTxveli gaecnoba vaJas ojaxur cxovrebas, mis urTierTobas<br />
naTesavebTan, mezoblebTan; agreTve poetis sazogadoebriv<br />
saqmianobas.<br />
wigni Svidi Tavisagan Sedgeba. pirvels ewodeba `rac maxsovs~;<br />
masSi avtoris adreuli siyrmis mogonebebia mocemuli;<br />
meore nakveTSi dedis, Tamaris, naambobs gadmogvcems avtori<br />
(daojaxebidan moyolebuli, poetis gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis<br />
CaTvliT). mesame TavSi dawvrilebiTaa moTxrobili,<br />
rogori iyo vaJa ojaxur garemocvaSi. rogor axsovT Svilebs<br />
vaJas pirveli meuRlis, kekes gardacvaleba da a.S. Semdeg TavebSi<br />
mkiTxveli gaecnoba: IV. vaJa naTesavebSi; V. vaJa da mezoblebi;<br />
VI. Carglidan Tbilisisken.; VIII. vaJa da sazogado moRvaweebi<br />
(niko sulxaniSvili, nino furcelaZe, akakis iubile, vaJa<br />
qarTvel mweralTa da JurnalistTa wreSi da a. S).<br />
n.f.<br />
261
q. Sengelia<br />
262<br />
qarTvel mweralTa mimarTeba vaJa-fSavelasadmi<br />
Tb., 2005<br />
mkvlevris mizani iyo, erTi mxriv, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
arsis wvdoma, misi mxatvrul-filosofiuri Taviseburebebis<br />
gamovlena, xolo, meore mxriv, am TaviseburebaTa iradiaciebis<br />
Seswavla qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis momdevno<br />
etapze. vaJasTan qarTvel mweralTa mimarTeba mravalganzomilebiania<br />
da rTuli; misi met-naklebi sisruliT ganWvreta ara<br />
erTi mkvlevris Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.<br />
vaJa fSavelas Semoqmedebam bevr qarTvel mwerals gauRviZa<br />
introspeqciuli Ziebis survili; am mravalspeqtrian SemoqmedebiTi<br />
mimarTebis procesidan mkvlevari miyveba erT konkretul<br />
saxes, romelic mindias saxismetyvelur aspeqtebs gulisxmobs<br />
qarTul literaturaSi. es maRalzneobrivi gmiri qarTuli<br />
prozis did warmomadgenelTamxatvruli azrovnebis organul<br />
nawilad iqca.<br />
wignSi Seswavlilia XX saukunis sami didi xelovanis _<br />
grigol robaqiZis, konstantine gamsaxurdiasa da mixeil<br />
javaxiSvilis _ SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebebis zogierTi aspeqti<br />
vaJa fSavelas naazrevTan.<br />
naSromi oTxi Tavisa da daskvnisagan Sedgeba. I. zogierTi ram<br />
vaJa-fSavelas fenomenis gancda-gaazrebisaTvis XX saukunis<br />
qarTul literaturaSi; II. XX saukunis II saxevris qarTuli<br />
kritika vaJa-fSavelas mrwamsis Sesaxeb (`gvelismWamelis~ mixedviT);<br />
III. vaJa-fSavelas femomenis mxatvruli formebi XX<br />
saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi (`gvelismWamelisa~ da `lamaras~<br />
ideuri msgavseba-gansxvavebani; IV. vaJa-fSavelas eTnografiuli<br />
werilebis eqo qarTvel mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi (`xogais mindia~).<br />
wigns erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
n.f.
g) Semoqmedeba da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba<br />
k. abaSiZe<br />
vaJa-fSavela wignSi: etiudebi me-19 saukunis<br />
qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. 2<br />
quTaisi, 1912, gv. 185-241<br />
werilis Sesaval nawilSi avtori msjelobs literaturul<br />
mimarTulebaTa ganviTarebis zogad tendenciebze, ganixilavs<br />
naturalizmis, realizmis, simbolizmisa Tu romantizmis Taviseburebebs.<br />
statia Tematikis mixedviT dayofilia oTx Tavad.<br />
pirvel TavSi avtori vaJas bunebisadmi damokidebulebaze, poetisaTvis<br />
bunebis mniSvnelobaze saubrobs da warmoaCens im<br />
konkretul mxatvrul saxeebs, romlebiTac vaJa acocxlebs<br />
bunebis suraTebs. Tematurad pirveli Tavis gagrZelebaa meore<br />
Tavic, romelSic avtori cdilobs warmoaCinos bunebasa da<br />
adamians Soris kavSiris kanonzomiereba, adamianis adgili samyaroSi.<br />
avtors Semoaqvs zekacis Tematikac, romelsac ganixilavs<br />
`gvelis mWamelis~ magaliTze. meoTxe TavSi mkvlevari warmoaCens<br />
individisa da sazogadoebis urTierTmimarTebis problemebs<br />
`aluda qeTelaurisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ magaliTze,<br />
saubrobs siyvarulis motivebze vaJas SemoqmedebaSi. mkvlevari<br />
askvnis, rom vaJa-fSavelas poezia kanonieri memkvidrea<br />
Cveni literaturis ganviTarebisa, vaJa `Seiqmna CvenSi simbolizmis<br />
damwyebi da ganmamtkicebeli.~ aqve statiis avtori SeniSvnas<br />
gamoTqvams vaJas poeziis teqnikuri mxaris Sesaxeb, romelic,<br />
misi azriT, ver aris iseTive unaklo, rogoric prozaSi.<br />
n.m.<br />
263
a. arabuli<br />
264<br />
vaJa-fSavelas poetur samyaroSi<br />
Tbilisi, 1990<br />
wignSi ganxilulia xalxur sityvierebasTan vaJa fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebiTi damokidebulebis rigi sakiTxebi; naCvenebia poetis<br />
Sinagani siaxlove fSav-xevsureTis uZveles miTologiur<br />
warmodgenebTan.<br />
avtori exeba vaJas poeziis rCeul nimuSebs, yuradRebas<br />
amaxvilebs e.w. TviTgameorebis mxatvrul xerxze da saTanado<br />
analizis gziT midis daskvnamde, rom leqsi `mTas viyav~ poema<br />
`gvelis mWamelis~ winare literaturuli saxea, anu, sxvagvarad,<br />
xsenebul leqsSi gatarebuli azri misi Seqmnidan erTi aTeuli<br />
wlis Semdgom gaRrmavda da gaiSala filosofiuri ganzomilebis<br />
epikur nawarmoebSi; avtorisaTvis Tanamimdevruli gansjis<br />
obieqtad iqca lirikul qmnilebaSi dasmuli da Camoyalibebuli,<br />
yoveli epoqisaTvis faseuli da aqtualuri problema adamianis<br />
saamsoflo daniSnulebisa, garesinamdvilesTan misi<br />
mimarTebisa.<br />
mkvlevari faqtobrivi monacemebis safuZvelze warmoaCens<br />
Tamar mefis saxes qarTul zepirsityvierebasa da vaJa fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebaSi; miuTiTebs, rom Tamaris pirovnebis hiperbolizebas<br />
vaJas naazrevSi myari niadagi moeZeveba, erTi mxriv, mravalferovani<br />
folkloruli wyaroebis, xolo, meore mxriv,<br />
istoriuli matianeebisa da Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Tvalsa-<br />
Cino Zeglebis saxiT.<br />
Seswavlilia zviadauris araordinarulobis gadmosacemad gamoyenebuli<br />
metaforis _ `ciT Camosuli svetada~ _ miTosuri Zirebi.<br />
garda amisa, wigni moicavs kidev ramdenime werils, romelTa<br />
mizania, folklorul-literaturuli urTierTobis dRemde<br />
naklebad yuradRebuli sakiTxebis win wamoweva da gaSuqeba.<br />
a.a.
g. asaTiani<br />
`vefxistyaosnidan~ `baxtrionamde~<br />
Tb., 1974, gv. 336-402<br />
wignSi avtori saubrobs im mwerlebze, romelTac arsebiTad<br />
gaamdidres qarTuli poeturi azrovneba XIX saukuneSi. cxadia,<br />
maT Sorisaa vaJa-fSavelac. mkvlevris azriT, sinamdvilis<br />
`materialisturi xilva~ jer kidev ar aris mTeli sisruliT<br />
realizebuli saxeTa Sinagan struqturaSi iliasa da akakis SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
am mxriv vaJa-fSavelas poezia axali nabijia qarTuli<br />
realizmis ganviTarebis gzaze. `mxatvruli materializmi~ aq<br />
Tavis mwvervals arwevs. iseve, rogorc `vefxistyaosanSi~,<br />
vaJasTan qveyana ametyvelebulia `uTvalavi feriT~. aq kvlav<br />
aRorZinebulia sicocxlis kulti, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT,<br />
ra Tqma unda, bevrad ufro farToa, bevrad ufro saRi da yovlismomcveli,<br />
vidre al. WavWavaZis hedonizmi da am farTo<br />
mniSvnelobiT sakuTriv klasikur msoflgancdas uaxlovdeba.<br />
mkvlevris azriT, vaJa fSavelas poetur azrovnebaSi mTavaria<br />
ara TavisTavad es Tviseba, kidev ufro didi mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs im garemoebas, rom mis mier Seqmnil poetur sistemaSi genialuri<br />
naTelxilviT ganWvretilia `realurisa~ da `idealuris~<br />
urTierTganmsWvalavi erTianoba. es aris arsebiTad gansuldgmulebuli~,<br />
frTaSesxmuli materializmi.<br />
vaJas poetur memkvidreobaSi Tavis zenits aRwevs gasuli saukunis<br />
qarTuli realisturi mwelobis heroikuli SemarTebac.<br />
vaJas memkvidreoba, rogorc damagvirgvinebeli safexuri<br />
epoqis literaturuli ganviTarebisa, savsebiT cxadyofs am procesis<br />
Sinagan azrs: vaJa-fSavelas realizmi heroikuli realizmia.<br />
mkvlevris azriT, swored vaJam aswia poeturi azrovnebis<br />
evoluciis axal safexurze Svidsaukunovani intervalis Semdeg<br />
rusTveluri renesansuli harmonia.<br />
n.f.<br />
265
g. asaTiani<br />
266<br />
saukunis poetebi<br />
Tb., `merani~, 1988 245-315<br />
wignSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba avtoris uaRresad saintereso da<br />
originalur xedvas, Rrma da safuZvliani analizis Sedegad<br />
miRebul daskvnebs. mkvlevari, erTi mxriv, afasebs vaJas Semoqmedebas,<br />
rogorc qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis kanonzomier<br />
safexurs, romelic iliasa da akakis SemoqmedebaTa bunebrivi<br />
gagrZelebaa. meore mxriv ki, vaJas Semoqmedebis originalobisa<br />
da Taviseburebebis axsnisas mis literaturul Sexedulebebze<br />
amaxvilebs yuradRebas. vaJas esTetikuri mrwamsis, meTodis,<br />
poeturi azrovnebis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb qarTul kritikaSi<br />
arsebuli problemuri sakiTxebis gadaWrisas g. asaTiani pirvelxarisxovan<br />
mniSvnelobas TviT mwerlis mosazrebebs aniWebs.<br />
mkvlevari vaJas esTetikuri Tvalsazrisis TandaTanobiT ganvi-<br />
Tarebasa da literaturaSi maT asaxvas uTuod gasaTvaliswinebel<br />
garemoebad Tvlis, Tumca mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi kredos<br />
gamTlianebis umniSvnelovanes faqtorad xalxur Semoqmedebas-<br />
Tan siaxloves miiCnevs.<br />
mkvlevari sayuradRebo daskvnebs gvTavazobs vaJas werilebis<br />
(`gmiris ideali fSaur poeziis gamoxatulebiT~, `fiqrebi~,<br />
`niWieri mwerali~, `mcire ram `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb~) ganxilvis<br />
Semdeg: `xalxuroba da realizmi ori qvakuTxedia vaJas<br />
mxatvruli msoflgagebisa~ (gv. 248). amave dros, romantikulisa<br />
da realisturis SeuRlebas fSaur poeziaSi vaJas samwerlobo<br />
kredosTvis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTeblad da gasaTvaliswinebel<br />
faqtorad warmoaCens. vaJas mkvlevari realisturi azrovnebis<br />
umaRles safexurad da kanonzomier dasasrulad Tvlis.<br />
e.C.
d. benaSvili<br />
vaJa-fSavela. Semoqmedi da moazrovne<br />
Tb. 1961<br />
monografia moicavs Sesavalsa da 11 Tavs. SesavalSi mecnieri<br />
mimoixilavs vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis Seswavlis sxvadasxva<br />
etapebs: k. abaSiZis, iv. gomarTlis, j. WumburiZis, mix. zandukelis,<br />
s. daneliasa da sxvaTa samecniero kvlevebs. mecnieri rusuli<br />
da franguli simbolizmis gaanalizebis safuZvelze miiCnevs,<br />
rom vaJa-fSavelas arc SemoqmedebiTi meTodi da arc es-<br />
Tetikuri koncefcia ar enaTesaveba simbolizms. mkvlevari<br />
mwerlis Semoqmedebidan gamoricxavs animizmsa da panTeizmsac;<br />
d. benaSvili ganixilavs vaJa-fSavelas Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa<br />
Sexedulebebs; emijneba mosazrebas, rom mwerlis Semoqmedeba<br />
kamerulia da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis sociokulturul<br />
konteqsts ver scildeba.<br />
d. benaSvili detalurad mimoixilavs mwerlis biografias,<br />
radgan miiCnevs, rom yofiT detalebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
Semoqmedebis analizisas. Semdeg TavSi mecnieri saubrobs<br />
mwerlis poemebis qarTul miTosTan mimarTebis sakiTxebze, pirovnulisa<br />
da zepirovnulis dialeqtikaze vaJa-fSavelas epos-<br />
Si; d. benaSvili gansazRvravs mwerlis poeturi teqstebis<br />
ZiriTad Senakadebs. misi azriT, poeti mxatvrulad gadaamuSavebs<br />
rogorc maradiul, metafizikur, aseve drois adekvatur,<br />
aqtualur problematikas. Semdeg nakveTSi mecnieris mTavari<br />
msjelobis sagania adamianisa da bunebis ZalTa damokidebuleba<br />
samyaroSi. vaJas dramaturgize msjelobisas ki mecnieri aanalizebs<br />
calkeuli gmirebis xasiaTebs, tipizaciis meTods; siuJeturi<br />
qargisa da kompoziciis, dialogebisa da monologebis<br />
organizebis teqnikur sakiTxebsac.<br />
mkvlevari sagangebo yuradRebas uTmobs mwerlis eTikuresTetikuri<br />
Rirebulebebis analizs, Tematurad da Tanmimdev-<br />
267
ulad ganixilavs mwerlis eTnografiul da folkloristul<br />
naSromebs; msjelobs vaJa-fSavelas damokidebulebebze fSavxevsuruli<br />
wes-Cveulebebisadmi; calkeuli adaTebis Camoyalibebisa<br />
da ganviTarebis istoriebze;<br />
naSromis bolos mkvlevari ganixilavs vaJas teqstebis variantebs<br />
da im droisaTvis arsebuli gamocemebis xarvezebidan<br />
gamomdinare, svams vaJa-fSavelas meore akademiuri gamocemis<br />
momzadebis sakiTxs.<br />
z.c.<br />
i. bocvaZe<br />
268<br />
vaJa-fSavela da misi kritikosebi<br />
sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1965<br />
ioseb bocvaZe am naSromSi Tanamimdevrulad mimoixilavs<br />
yvela im mosazrebas, rac ki gamoTqmula qarTul sinamdvileSi<br />
dRidan vaJas literaturul sarbielze gamosvlidan poetis<br />
gardacvalebamde (i. mansvetaSvili, iv. gomarTeli, gr. yifSiZe,<br />
il. nakaSiZe, k. abaSiZe, i. varTagava da sxvani);<br />
kritikosebi xSirad urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebs<br />
gamoTqvamen. maT Sexedulebebs axlavs Tavad ioseb bocvaZis mosazrebebic<br />
ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT; kerZod, ra damokidebuleba<br />
gaaCnia vaJa-fSavelas enisadmi; ras gulisxmobs<br />
poeti patriotizmis cnebaSi; romel literaturul mimdinareobas<br />
miakuTvneben mwerals; raa misTvis samSoblo, buneba da<br />
rogor axerxebs mis asaxvas SemoqmedebaSi da sxva;<br />
z.c.
g. buaCiZe<br />
waxnagebi<br />
Tb., 1983 (gv. 54-72)<br />
krebulSi Sesulia werilebi da narkvevebi qarTul da frangul<br />
literaturasa da literaturul urTierTobebze. avtori<br />
aSuqebs poeziisa da prozis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs,<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs 70-iani wlebis literaturuli<br />
procesebis ganxilvas.<br />
krebuli Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli nawili exeba poezias,<br />
sadac Sedis Svidi werili; `bodleris civi mze~, `TeTri<br />
malarme~, `vaJa-fSavelas poemebis kompozicia~, à`apolineria~,<br />
`Tavis qala, samkauli da yvavilebi~, `sen-Jon persi~ da `poezia<br />
jinsebSi~. meore nawilSi ki Sesulia werilebi Jan-Jak rusos,<br />
marsel prustis, romen rolanisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb;<br />
poeziis nawilSi erTi werili exeba vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebas,<br />
sadac avtori ganixilavs vaJas poemebis kompozicias<br />
`stumar-maspinZlis~ da `gogoTur da afSinas~ magaliTze. avtori<br />
iZleva poemis Sinaarsis ganmazogadebel sqemas da askvnis,<br />
rom siuJetur RerZs warmoadgens orTabrZola. sxva personaJebis<br />
monawileoba, Tundac msxverplis, RerZs ar cvlis. kvanZs<br />
xsnis sikvdili. moqmedebis dro zogadad warsulSia gadatanili.<br />
avtori sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom poemis suraTebi xSirad<br />
Ramis fonze ikveTeba. vaJa warmogvidgens personaJTa Tavgadasavals<br />
dilidan daRamebamde. amis miRma ikveTeba farTo alegoria:<br />
dabadebidan sikvdilamde. cikli mravalgzis meordeba. mas<br />
xan dasawyisi aklia, xan _ bolo, magram igi TiTqmis yovelTvis<br />
igulisxmeba mTlianobaSi;<br />
st.<br />
269
k. gamsaxurdia<br />
270<br />
xuTi leqcia<br />
Tb., 2005, gv. 63-89<br />
wignSi Tavmoyrilia gamsaxurdias xuTi leqcia: `vefxistyaosani~<br />
rusTavelisa~, è`erisa da istoriis Sesaxeb~, `vaJa-fSavela,<br />
kavkasionis diadi sulis mesityve~, `mTargmnelobiTi xelovnebisaTvis~,<br />
`saqarTvelos damsxvreuli gvirgvini~.<br />
werilSi `vaJa-fSavela, kavkasionis diadi sulis mesityve~<br />
avtori aRniSnavs, rom me-19 saukune epikis saukunea da vaJas<br />
epikuri qmnilebebi TavianTi ganwyobilebiTa da aRnagobiT sul<br />
sxvagvaria, vidre me-19 saukunis evropuli drama an romani.<br />
vaJas leqsebSi, SesaZloa, yovelTvis ar iyos mkacrad garanduli<br />
riTmebi, rTuli tropika da metaforaTa sistema; misi poezia<br />
dinamikuri da mZlavria. vaJasTan sagrZnobia xalxuri idumalTmetyveleba,<br />
miTosi, mistika. vaJas SemoqmedebaSi TiTqos sun-<br />
Tqavs winasokrateseuli xanis idumalTmetyveluri skolebis<br />
cxovreba, romlis wiaRSic xelovneba, religia da mecniereba<br />
jer ar iyo diferencirebuli da erT mTlianobas warmoadgenda.<br />
Semdeg avtori saubrobs vaJas poetur enaze. jer ganixilavs<br />
qarTul saliteraturo enas da mis im tradiciebs da normebs,<br />
romelic vaJas daxvda. fSav-xevsuruli metyveleba, gajerebuli<br />
Zveli qarTuli intonaciiT, Tanamedroveobis qarTulze ufro<br />
metadac gadmoscems spiritualuri samyaros gancdebs.<br />
werilSi saubaria vaJaseul Tavisuflebaze. vaJasTan Tavisufleba<br />
eTikuri gmirobis gziT moipoveba da amis magaliTia<br />
mindia, aluda, joyola, luxumi, kviria. es is gmirebi arian, romlebSic<br />
Tavis gamarjvebas zeimobs vaJas genia. amis Semdeg avtori<br />
saubrobs bunebis rolze vaJas SemoqmedebaSi da aRniSnavs, rom arc<br />
erT did poets msoflio literaturaSi ar gauSuqebia buneba<br />
iseTi saRvTismetyvelo filosofiuri optikiT, rogorc vaJas.<br />
st.
ak. gawerelia<br />
rCeuli nawerebi<br />
t. II, Tb., 1978.<br />
wigni Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. pirvel nakveTSi warmogenilia<br />
ori monografia grigol orbeliansa da nikoloz baraTaSvilze.<br />
meore nakveTSi Tavmoyrilia literaturuli werilebi,<br />
romelTa Sorisaa statia `vaJa-fSavela da qarTuli miTosi~ (gv.<br />
190-201). masSi aRniSnulia, rom vaJa-fSavelas STagonebis wyaroa<br />
sakuTriv fSauri nakadi qarTuli miTologiisa. es nakadi ki<br />
Taviseburi simbiozia warmarTuli da qristianuli warmodgenebisa.<br />
mkvlevris azriT, vaJa dgas qarTvel mTielTa uZveles<br />
SexedulebaTa da warmodgenaTa niadagze, amodis qarTuli mi-<br />
Tologiis uRrmesi fenebidan, sakvirveli mxatvruli ZlierebiT<br />
axdens Tavisi poeturi xilvebis fiqsacias, ki ar yveba aramed<br />
aCvenebs; yvelaferi mkiTxvelis Tvalwin mimdinareobs - ki<br />
ar momxdara, aramed xdeba. vaJas Semoqmedeba qarTvel Semoqmed-<br />
Tagan yvelaze mdidaria miTiuri elementebiT, rac qmnis misi<br />
lirikisa da eposis umaRlesi realizmis Taviseburebas. vaJafSavelas<br />
lirikasa da eposSi miTologiuri warmodgenebi absolutizirebulia,<br />
isini naCvenebia rogorc realobani. amitomaa,<br />
rom yvelaferi fantastikuri (RvTaebani, devebi, SaveTi, wera<br />
mwereli) ise iWreba gmirebis Segnebasa da cxovrebaSi, rogorc<br />
sinamdvilis sruluflebiani nawili.<br />
wignis mesame nawils ki ewodeba `portretebi, mogonebani~.<br />
igi moicavs masalas saxelovan qarTvel mecnierebsa da sazogado<br />
moRvaweebze (g. tabiZe, k. kekeliZe, g. qiqoZe, z. faliaSvili<br />
da a. S.).<br />
n.f.<br />
271
s. danelia<br />
272<br />
vaJa-fSavela da qarTveli eri<br />
Tb., 1927<br />
mkvlevari mimoixilavs poetis Semoqmedebas da gvTavazobs<br />
Semdeg daskvnebs: vaJas poezia pozitivur niadagze dgas da is<br />
absoluturad gansxvavdeba simbolisturi poeziisagan. is ufro<br />
uaxlovdeba primitivul hiloZoizms an animizms. bunebas Zlier<br />
sentimentaluri (da ara sentimentalisturi) ieri gadahkravs.<br />
vaJas poezia apolitikuria da es garemoeba dakavSirebulia<br />
vaJas msoflmxedvelobasTan, is anti-individualistia. is Tavis<br />
rwmeniT umal warmarTia, vidre qristiani. aseTi msoflmxedvelobis<br />
kacs fSavur kilokavze unda ewera da kidec ase werda.<br />
literaturuli qarTuli ar Seefereboda mis suls da am enaze<br />
is Tavisuflad ver gamoTqvamda Tavis grZnobebs.<br />
avtoris azriT, vaJa iyo warmarTi. warmarTs romaelebic<br />
uwodebdnen paganus-s. pagus niSnavs sofels, kuTxes; paganus-i<br />
aris `soflis mcxovrebi~, `sofleli~. roca qristianobam gaimarjva,<br />
miyruebul kuTxeebSi, soflebSi darCa kidev warmar-<br />
Toba da amitom `sofleli~ iqca romaelTaTvis warmarTis aRmniSvnelad.<br />
vaJa-mgosani iyo paganus-warmarTi, radgan is iyo<br />
sofleli.<br />
n.f.<br />
b. doborjginiZe<br />
miTosi da vaJa-fSavela, Semoqmedi da moazrovne<br />
Tb.1961<br />
monografia Sedgeba Sesavalisa da xuTi Tavisagan. SesavalSi<br />
avtori sxvadasxva aspeqtiT ganavrcobs msjelobas miTosis<br />
Sesaxeb, gansazRvravs mis ZiriTad plastebs: logikurs, esTetikursa<br />
da religiurs. kritikosi ganixilavs miTosuri cnobi-
erebis specifikas misi sinkretulobidan gamomdinare; mimoixilavs<br />
sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavlis misTvis Tanamedrove<br />
mdgomareobas evropel da qarTvel mkvlevarTa Soris.<br />
pirvel TavSi mecnieri saubrobs uZvelesi adamianebis<br />
cxovrebisa da azrovnebis wesis Sesaxeb, risi analizis Sedegadac<br />
ganixilavs miTosuri, daunawevrebeli cnobierebis<br />
Taviseburebebs..<br />
meore TavSi mkvlevari detalurad ganixilavs zoomorfuli<br />
da anTropomorfuli azrovnebis modelebis specifikas. miTebis<br />
analizis saSualebiT igi cdilobs, ganazogados miTismqmneli<br />
adamianis cnobierebis Taviseburebebi, garda amisa, gamoyofs<br />
adamianis bunebasTan damokidebulebis ZiriTad etapebs: utilitaruls,<br />
eTikursa da esTetikurs.<br />
mesame TavSi mecnieri skrupulozurad mimoixilavs miTis<br />
yvela ZiriTad definicias (levi strosi, losevi, meletinski,<br />
lifSici), cdilobs, daadginos miTis sazRvrebi da ganasxvavos<br />
igi xelovnebisgan. mkvlevari emijneba Teorias vaJa-fSavelas<br />
miTismqmnelobis Sesaxeb da aRniSnavs, rom mxatvruli azrovnebis<br />
etapze miTisqmnis Sesaxeb saubari meTodologiurad<br />
umarTebuloa, vaJa-fSavelas saqmianoba ki am kuTxiT miTologiuri<br />
masalebis gadamuSavebiT amoiwureba.<br />
meoTxe Tavi eTmoba samyaros Semecnebis orgvari, mxatvruli<br />
da mecnieruli, formebis Sesaxeb msjelobas. mecnieri warmogvidgens<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Teoriul naazrevsac am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
mexuTe TavSi mkvlevari ki ganixilavs miTosuri<br />
cnobierebis Semdgom safexurs _ samyaros esTetikuri modelis<br />
formirebis process..<br />
z.c.<br />
273
i. evgeniZe<br />
274<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
Tb., 1989.<br />
naSromSi Tavmoyrilia masala, romelic avtors sxvadasxva<br />
samecniero sesiebsa da sxdomebze waukuTxavs. wigni Sedgeba<br />
eqvsi Tavisa da ramdenime qveTavisagan. naSromSi Seswavlilia<br />
vaJa-fSavelas ramdenime Txzulebis SemoqmedebiTi istoria da<br />
gamokveTilia poetis xelovnebis zogierTi specifikuri mxare.<br />
avtori vaJas Semoqmedebis analizis safuZvelze adgens folkloruli<br />
wyaroebisa da individualuri Semoqmedebis urTierTmimarTebis<br />
sakiTxs. avtori saubrobs vaJas mrwamsze. am<br />
aspeqtiT msjelobisas misTvis amosavali Tavad poetis Sexedulebebia;<br />
SemoqmedebiTi istoriis kvlevis zogad viTarebaze<br />
msjelobis Semdeg wignis avtori gamokveTs vaJa-fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebiT interess, romelic ZiriTadad eTikuri problemebiT<br />
ganisazRvreba, xolo fons patriotuli, socialuri, gmiruli,<br />
zneobrivi da humanuri aspeqtebi uqmnis.<br />
wignis avtori vrclad saubrobs vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
motivebsa da maT urTierTkavSirze. amasTan, cdilobs gaarkvios<br />
vaJas SemoqmedebiTi procesis wyaro da niadagi. vaJas<br />
SemoqmedebiTi istoriis kvleva avtors warmodgenili aqvs sami<br />
aspeqtiT: 1. lirika, romlis gaanalizebis safuZvelzec mkvlevari<br />
gamokveTs miTosur motivebs — sikeTesTan dapirispirebul<br />
demonur Zalas, rac Tavsi mxrov qmnis heroikuli gmiris ideals<br />
da vaJas leqsebs xalxuri lirikis ganayofad aqcevs. 2. poemebi<br />
(`gogoTur da afSina,~ `eTeri,~ `stumar-maspinZeli,~ `gvelis<br />
mWameli~); 3. prozauli Txzulebebi (`patara mwyemsis fiqrebi,~<br />
`xmeli wifeli,~ `bunebis mgosnebi~). am Txzulebebis mixedviT<br />
mkvlevari gvesaubreba im ZiriTad Temebsa da motivebze, romlebic<br />
poetis Semoqmedebis safuZvels warmoadgenen.<br />
n.m.
i. evgeniZe<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
(cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis sakiTxebi)<br />
Tb. 1989; gv. 1-486<br />
wigni warmoadgens sakmaod vrcel monografiul naSroms,<br />
romelSic avtoris mravalwliani dakvirvebebia warmodgenili.<br />
Sedgeba Sesavlis, aTi Tavisa da saxelTa saZieblisagan. avtoris<br />
mizania warmoaCinos vaJa-fSavelas saarsebo garemo, vaJasadmi<br />
qarTuli sazogadoebis, upiratesad ki mxatvruli sityvis ostatTa<br />
damokidebuleba-Sefaseba, romelic imTaviTve gavlenas<br />
axdenda mgosnis SemoqmedebiTi procesebis mimdinareobaze.<br />
vaJas moRvaweobisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb mocemulia ilia<br />
WavWavaZis, ak. wereTlis, d. kldiaSvili, v. barnovis, t. tabiZis<br />
da sxvaTa azrebi.<br />
mkvlevari Seecada vaJas pirovnul cxovrebasTan kavSirSi<br />
gamoekveTa misive mxatvrul interesTa sayrdeni, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
istoriis aspeqtSi ganexila vaJa-fSavelas lirika, poemebi da<br />
prozauli Txzulebebi. calke Tavi aqvs daTmobili sabavSvo TxzulebaTa<br />
specifikisa da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis zogierT sakiTxs.<br />
n.m.<br />
S. varazaSvili<br />
vaJa-fSavelas dramaturgia<br />
Tb., 2010<br />
wignSi monografiuladaa Seswavlili vaJa-fSavelas dramaturgia<br />
naSromSi mwerlis dramatuli memkvidreoba Sefasebuli<br />
da danaxulia ara mxolod literaturis istorikosis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
aramed Catarebulia Rrma mecnierul-Teoriuli kvleva.<br />
naSromi 6 karisa da daskvnisagan Sedgeba: I. problemis kvlevis<br />
istoriisaTvis; masSi aRniSnulia, rom vaJas dramaturgiis<br />
275
kvleva ZiriTadad Semofarglulia `mokveTilis~ SeswavliT da<br />
rom es sfero monografiuli Seswavlis sagani aqamde ar gamxdara;<br />
II. vaJa-fSavelas mcire dramaturgia; aq ganxilulia `scena<br />
mTaSi~, `scenebi~ (fSavlebis cxovrebidan), `scenebi~ (xevsurebi<br />
qalaqSi), `tyis komedia~; III. konfliqtTa ganviTarebis Tavisebureba<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `mokveTilSi~. IV. xasiaTebis warmosaxvis<br />
xerxebi vaJa-fSavelas `mokveTilSi~. V. `mokveTilis~<br />
kompoziciuri struqtura; V. ~mokveTilis~ scenuri sicocxle.<br />
naSromis siaxlea `mokveTilis~ siuJeturi ganviTarebisa da<br />
kompoziciuri struqturis gamowvlilviT Seswavla.<br />
mkvlevris azriT, vaJa-fSavelas mcire piesebi problemaTa<br />
siRrmiTa da mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiT ar gamoirCevian, magram<br />
vaJas dramaturgiisa da, zogadad, me-19 saukunis dramaturgiis<br />
Sesafaseblad maTi gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia.<br />
mkvlevari Tvlis, rom me-19 saukunis literaturaSi ar aris<br />
Seqmnili baxas xasiaTze ufro rTuli xasiaTi, vinaidan mas<br />
brZola uwevs ara marto Temis, aramed, pirvel rigSi, sakuTari<br />
Tavis winaaRmdeg. garda amisa, mkvlevris azriT, `mokveTili~<br />
rogorc ideur-Tematurad, ise arqiteqtonikis Tvalsazrisi-<br />
Tac axali movlenaa XIX s. qarTuli dramaturgiis istoriaSi.<br />
naSroms erTvis wyaroebisa da gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
n.f.<br />
T. vasaZe<br />
276<br />
orgvari cnobiereba<br />
Tb., 2001<br />
naSroms win uZRvis winasityvaoba _ individualizmi Tu egocentrizmi.<br />
mkvlevris azriT, qristianobaSi qarTvelebisTvis<br />
gansakuTrebiT maxlobeli da mimzidveli aRmoCnda misi erTerTi<br />
Rrma sawyisi _ individuumis TavisTavadi faseulobis<br />
ganmtkiceba. mogvianebiT ki mizezTa gamo gabatonda individu-
alizmis egocentrizmad gadagvarebis tendencia; es tendencia<br />
gansakuTrebiT Znelad SesazRudavi saqarTvelos ruseTis imperiaSi<br />
moqcevis Semdeg gaxda. swored am WrilSi aris wignSi ganxiluli<br />
qarTvel klasikosTa Semoqmedebis aspeqtebi. erT-erT<br />
nakveTSi _ `gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocxlis mimarT~ara<br />
marto mindias damokidebulebaa gansakuTrebuli sicocxlis<br />
mimarT, aramed SeniSnulia, rom swored aseTivea vaJas<br />
prozaSi gamoxatuli bunebis samyaro. vaJas prozaSic bunebis<br />
arsi sicocxlis wyurvili da sikvdilisgan ganzidvaa. `mowiweba<br />
sicocxlis mimarT~ _ albert Svaiceris moZRvrebis fundamenturi<br />
frazaa. es fraza, mkvlevris azriT, vaJasTvisac Zireuli<br />
WeSmaritebaa.<br />
n.f.<br />
j. kaSia<br />
gvelismWameli, gagebis cda<br />
parizi, 1989<br />
naSromi dayofilia Tavebad, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, Seicavs<br />
qveTavebs.<br />
avtoris azriT, `gvelismWamelis~ wakiTxva vaJas Semoqmedebis<br />
fonze gvarwmunebs, rom vaJas arseboba gansakuTrebuli Sepyrobiloba<br />
iyo. vaJam qarTul enaSi dainaxa yofierebis maradiuli<br />
arseba da dagvixata yofierebis arsebobis tragedia sawuTroSi.<br />
vaJas Tematika aris Tavisufleba, martooba, patriotizmi,<br />
siyvaruli, sikvdili, pirovneba, RmerTi, samyaro, buneba,<br />
kultura da maTi kavSiri.<br />
`gvelismWameli~ yofierebis da arsebobis, droisa da droulobis,<br />
maradiulobisa da warmavalobis, yofnisa da aryofnis,<br />
sicocxlisa da sikvdilis, siyvarulisa da siZulvilis, sixarulisa<br />
da tanjvis, namdvilisa da moCvenebiTis simetriul saxeze<br />
277
myofobas gvixatavs. am simetriaTa velSi aRmoCenilma individma<br />
imisaTvis, rom SeZlos arseboba, unda airCios Tavisi gza.<br />
avtoris azriT, `gvelismWamels~ mkveTrad gamoxatuli ricxvTa<br />
simbolika udevs formaTwyobis principad. sul nawarmoebSi<br />
12 Tavia (3+4+5=12). yoveli ricxvi da maTi jamebi sakralur<br />
sityvebs warmoadgens 3+4=7; 3+5=8; 4+5=9. pirveli nawili 3 nawilisagan<br />
Sedgeba, meore _ oTxisgan, xolo mesame _ xuTisgan.<br />
mkvdari kaci ar gardaicvleba. igi kvdeba, rogorc `xmeli~<br />
fiCxi, rogorc `leRvis xe~. icxovros Tugind ori aTasi weli.<br />
imisTvis, rom sikvdils gadaabijos, man unda Seignos, gaacnobieros<br />
da moinanios Tavisi codvebi. man Tavisi Tavi unda dawvas<br />
bunebisaTvis adgilis gasaTavisufleblad, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi<br />
mas ara aqvs sicocxlis gagrZelebis ufleba. igi kvdeba.<br />
mindiam TviTmkvlelobiT gasca pasuxi mis winaSe dasmul<br />
uZiriTades kiTxvas: aqvs Tu ara ufleba sicocxlisa adamians,<br />
romelmac Tavis arsebas, Tavisi arsebobis princips, Tavis<br />
Sesaqmes uRalata da miT Seiqmna yoveli bunebis mkvleli.<br />
amitom aris `gvelismWameli~ miToeqsistencialuri naqmni, anu<br />
miTurqmna.<br />
mkvlevari Tvlis, rom amgvarad ixsneba gza `WirTa aqimobisa~,<br />
gza Tavnebobis macdurobis daZlevisa da gamofxizlebisa,<br />
gza `meored Sobisa~. miTurqmnis esTetikur da eTikur misteriaSi<br />
CaZirviT adamiani ixilavs Tavis WeSmarit mdgomareobas<br />
da amieridan mis xelTaa yovelive. misma arCevanma unda gansaz-<br />
Rvros misi gza da pirovnuli Sesaqme.<br />
wigns axlavs SeniSvnebi.<br />
st.<br />
278
m. kveselava<br />
fausturi paradigmebi<br />
wigni II. Tb. 1961, gv. 66-668.<br />
mixeil kveselavas ortomeulSi `fausturi paradigmebi”<br />
erT-erTi nakveTi, `laSaris gori”, eTmoba vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebis<br />
ganxilvas. mkvlevari, Cveuli mxatvruli maneriT, romelic<br />
qveTavebis saTaurebSic gamovlindeba (pirimze, metyveli<br />
buneba, bunebis guli, mzis saTave, luxumis gazafxuli da a.S.),<br />
ganixilavs vaJa-fSavelas koncepciebs bunebrivi da demiurguli<br />
Zalebis Sesaxeb. mecnieri sagangebod Seiswavlis sinaTlis,<br />
mziuri sawyisis funqcias vaJa-fSavelasa da goeTes SemoqmedebaSi;<br />
mkvlevari Tvlis, rom goeTesa da vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
mzes religiuri datvirTva ar eniWeba, igi kosmiuri<br />
mTlianobis nawilia, Tumca mis centrSi moiazreba.<br />
mkvlevari saubrobs vaJa-fSavelasa da goeTes im gmirebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebSic xedavs `mSvenier” (goeTe) / `didebul” (vaJafSavela)<br />
adamians. gansakuTrebiT uRrmavdeba faustisa da<br />
mindias gmirebs, romelTa Soris Sedarebis safuZvels poulobs.<br />
m. kveselava miiCnevs, rom fausturi ideebis reintegraciis<br />
TvalsazrisiT vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba specialur analizsa<br />
da did yuradRebas saWiroebs. mkvlevari uaryofs azrs, rom<br />
vaJa-fSavela ver scdeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis<br />
kulturul areals, rom misi Semoqmedeba kamerulia Tavisi<br />
bunebiT.<br />
mecnieri ganixilavs vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiT meTodebs<br />
da adarebs mas goeTes mxatvrul meTodologias. asabuTebs<br />
mosazrebas, rom bunebis elementTa gapirovneba vaJa-fSavelas-<br />
Tan aris ara TviTkmari esTetikuri movlena, aramed SemoqmedebiTi<br />
meTodi emyareba avtoris msoflaRqmas.<br />
m. kveselavas naSromSi ar aris gaziarebuli vaJa-fSavelas<br />
simbolistobis, anTropomorfistobis, animistobis, an haloZo-<br />
279
istobis idea. mkvlevaris azriT, bunebis vitaluri gadmocema<br />
ganpirobebulia ara romelime zemoxsenebuli mizeziT, aramed<br />
mwerlis poeturi fantaziiT. meore mxriv, mecnieri umarTebulod<br />
miiCnevs vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi panTeisturi plastebis<br />
sruliad ugulebelyofas.<br />
st.<br />
280<br />
gr. kiknaZe<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba<br />
`saxelgami~, 1957<br />
gr. kiknaZis monografia `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~ Sedgeba<br />
Sesavlis, bolosityvisa da sami nawilisagan: I. patriotuli<br />
nakadi vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi, pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis<br />
urTierTobis problema, bunebis grZnoba, bunebis vaJaseuli<br />
gagebis sakiTxi, `gvelis-mWameli~; II. vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
xalxuroba, weris manera, mxatvruli proza, dramatuli<br />
Txzulebani, gmirTa daxatvis xerxebi vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi;<br />
III. vaJa-fSavela _ qarTvel mweralTa memkvidre da<br />
winapari, vaJa-fSavelas portreti.<br />
gr. kiknaZis naSromis gansakuTrebul Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos,<br />
rom miuxedavad naxevarsaukunovani siZvelisa, is rCeba<br />
vaJas cxovrebisa da SemoqmedebiTi gzisa Tu aspeqtebis erTerT<br />
mniSvnelovan gamokvlevad.<br />
mkvlevari vaJas Semoqmedebis ganxilvas patriotuli TematikiT<br />
iwyebs, radgan Tvlis, rom swored patriotul grZnobas<br />
daukavSirda misi weris TaviseburebaTa sakiTxi. masalis SerCevis<br />
Sesaxeb mkvlevari konkretul mosazrebas gvTavazobs: misi<br />
azriT, XIX saukunis II naxevarSi wamyvani tendenciis (erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
brZolis) Sesaxeb Camoyalibebulma Tvalsazrisma<br />
bunebrivad gansazRvra ukeTesi momavlis jansaRi<br />
survili, ramac ganapiroba samSoblos mdgomareobasa da moma-
valze fiqri vaJas SemoqmedebaSi. aSkarad patriotuli sakiTxebis<br />
gverdiT pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis problemis<br />
saxiT warmoCnda vaJas interesi adamianTa sazogadoebrivi<br />
urTierTobis sakiTxisadmi. amave dros, mkvlevari jerovan<br />
yuradRebas uTmobs vaJas Semoqmedebis aspeqtebs, sadac ikve-<br />
Teba mwerlis fiqri bunebis mravalsaxianobis, raobis, misadmi<br />
adamianis damokidebulebis, TviT mwerlis mimarTebis Sesaxeb.<br />
aqve ikveTeba monaTesave sakiTxTa mTeli wyebac, romelTa<br />
safuZvliani analizis Sedegs TiToeuli Tavis bolos daskvnis<br />
saxiT gvacnobs avtori. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania vaJas<br />
Semoqmedebis qarTvel mweralTa SemoqmedebiT naazrevTan kav-<br />
Siris gamokveTa, rac ucnaur tendencias (vaJas Semoqmedebis<br />
arasworad Sefasebisa, damcrobisa Tu damaxinjebisa) argumentirebulad<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />
monografias asrulebs bolosityva, romelSic avtori axleburad<br />
afasebs vaJas Semoqmedebis SemfasebelTa mosazrebebs da<br />
amkvidrebs axlebur midgomas: vaJas ena SesaniSnavi saliteraturo<br />
qarTulia, Tavisebureba ki poetis samwerlobo poziciiT<br />
ganpirobebuli. avtori `fSavis viwro xeobaSi Caketili~ (erTerTi<br />
braldeba) mwerlis Rirsebad Tvlis, rom `Cveni qveynis es<br />
mxarec moaqcia sazogadoebrivi interesebis sferoSi~.<br />
e.C.<br />
gr. kiknaZe<br />
literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi<br />
Tb., 1978, gv. 5 -184<br />
gr. kiknaZis wignSi `literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis<br />
sakiTxebi~ vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmededebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva<br />
dros gamoqveynebuli gamokvlevebia Tavmoyrili. mkiTxveli<br />
gaecnoba gr. kiknaZis eqvs werils: vaJas fenomeni, vaJa-fSavela<br />
literaturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb, vaJa-fSavela zigmund<br />
froidis winaaRmdeg, vaJa-fSavelas prozis stili, vaJa-fSave-<br />
281
las poema `baxtrioni~: zogadi daxasiaTeba, metafora, gapirovneba<br />
anu personifikacia, riTma; vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema.<br />
I. mkvlevari vaJas fenomens da Taviseburebebs warmoaCens mis<br />
saxelTan uSualod dakavSirebuli Temebisa da motivebis, gare<br />
da Sina samyarosadmi misi midgomis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
gr. kiknaZe vaJas Rirsebad da fenomenis gansazRvris-<br />
Tvis mniSvnelovnad Tvlis diad grZnobaTa samyaros, romelic<br />
mweralma iq aRmoaCina, sadac mas aravin eloda. ZvelTaZveli da<br />
istoriuli masalisadmi interesi ki vaJasTan siZvelisadmi<br />
interess ar emTxveva, radgan mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom humanurobis<br />
Zlier nakadad momdinare vaJas Semoqmedeba Cvens Tanamedroveobas<br />
Soridan erTvis, rogorc Sinaarseulad misi miucilebeli<br />
elementi.<br />
II. krebulSi gr. kiknaZe yuradRebas miapyrobs vaJas xedvas<br />
literaturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. mkvlevari Tanmimdevrulad<br />
warmoaCens vaJas literaturuli mrwamsis Camoyalibebis<br />
rTul process, gamokveTs rogorc vaJas adreul TxzulebebSi<br />
(ZiriTadad, leqsebSi), ise publicistikisa da Teoriuli msjelobis<br />
saxiT TavCenil Sexedulebebs;<br />
III. froidizmi, `klasikuri fsiqoanalizi~ da am meTodis moSvelieba<br />
xelovnebis aRsaqmelad (gasaanalizeblad) uaRresad<br />
saintereso sakiTxia, radgan avtori, erTi mxriv, warmoaCens<br />
vaJas sidiades da, meore mxriv _ froidis meTodis (Tu mimdevarTa<br />
cdas, mxatvruli teqstis froidiseuli sistemiT aRqmisa)<br />
tendenciurobasa da simcdares. gr. kiknaZe froidis fsiqoanalizis<br />
meTodiT ikvlevs vaJas Semoqmedebas. Sedegad cxadi<br />
xdeba, rom vaJas gmirebis moqmedebaTa gasaanalizeblad fsiqoanalizis<br />
meTodi uZluria. vaJas SemoqmedebaSi sruliad ar aris<br />
is safuZveli, rac adamianis konfliqtis mizezad da am konfliqtis<br />
gamovlenad miuCneviaT froidistebs<br />
IV. mkiTxvelisTvis mniSvnelovania ara mxolod Txzulebis<br />
gacnobiT gamowveuli gancda-emocia, aramed isic, Tu rogor, ra<br />
282
saSualebebiT aRZravs mwerali am grZnobebs. avtori vaJas<br />
prozaSi gamokveTs moTxrobaTa erT wyebas, romelTa Txrobis<br />
stilic erTgvarovnebiT gamoirCeva (`ia~, `xmeli wifeli~,<br />
`kldem mxolod erTxel sTqva~, `mTis wyaro~, `Svlis nukris naambobi~).<br />
vaJa ar iCens Tavs gmirTa gancdaSi. Caurevloba TxrobaSi<br />
da gamoucdeloba gamoiyena miznis misaRwevad. detalizacia,<br />
uwyveti kavSiri mkiTxvelTan, intimizacia, lirikuloba,<br />
stilur-enobrivi saSualebebi, lirikuli leqsika, mxedvelobi-<br />
Ti xatebiT dasuraTxateba, romlebic moZraobas Seicaven,<br />
enobrivi saSualebebiT ganmtkicebuli subieqtis aqtivoba, kontrastebiT<br />
Txroba, enobrivi saSualebebiT miRweuli stilisturi<br />
mTlianoba. swored erTian stilistur rkalSi am gamomsaxvelebiTi<br />
saSualebebiT ikveTeba realisturi stili da humanisturi<br />
Tvalsazrisi: Seitanos humanurobis idea adamianis<br />
SegnebaSi da aqcios misi moqmedebis warmmarTvel principad.<br />
V. baxtrioni. gr. kiknaZis es werili mkiTxvels poemas ramdenime<br />
aspeqtiT acnobs da oTxi qveTavisgan Sedgeba. Tavis mxriv,<br />
es qveTavebi Tematur punqtebs aerTianebs: 1. poemis mimoxilva;<br />
2. metafora; 3. gapirovneba, anu personifikacia; 4. riTma.<br />
avtori `baxtrionis~ miiCnevs ara mxolod istoriul an sagmiro,<br />
aramed sagmiro-istoriul Txzulebad; warmoaCens Temasa<br />
da ideas; mkiTxveli gaecnoba poemis mxatvruli analizis ramdenime<br />
aspeqts: kompozicia, fabula, siuJeti; personaJebi; bunebisadmi<br />
mimarTeba; gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobani da a.S.<br />
rac aZlevs avtors saSualebas ganacxados, rom formaluri<br />
xerxebis kvlevis Sedegad gamoricxulia, vaJa im avtorebs gavu-<br />
TanabroT, romlebic TviTon qmnian CarCoebs.<br />
VI. vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema. 37 poemis avtoris Semoqmedebidan<br />
es gamokvleva gr. kiknaZem vaJas mxolod xuT poemas miuZRvna.<br />
es poemebia `gogoTur da afSina~, `stumar-maspinZeli~,<br />
`aluda qeTelauri~, `eTeri~, `gvelismWameli~. pirveli nawili<br />
mimoixilavs Temisa da ideis TvalsazrisiT tradiciul (mono-<br />
283
Tematur) poemebs, meore da ZiriTadi nawili ki eZRvneba xuT<br />
poliTematur poemas. mkvlevari amgvari poliTematurobis mizezs<br />
`sulis poetis~, vaJas, mizansa da am miznis SemoqmedebiT<br />
gardasaxvaSi eZebs. mkvlevari wamoWris sakiTxs: mizanSewonilia<br />
Tu ara vaJas am poemebis kvleva `dayvanis meTodiT~, radgan arc<br />
Tema, arc motivi da idea am poemebSi calsaxa ar aris. vaJas xuTi<br />
poliTematuri poemis analizis Sedegad mkvlevari askvnis, rom<br />
xelovneba vaJasTvis asaxavs sinamdviles, magram aq sinamdvilis<br />
asaxvis xerxi naqcevia sinamdvilis xilvad. msoflmxedvelobiTa<br />
da socialuri SexedulebebiT vaJa ilia-akakis xazis gamgrZelebelia,<br />
xolo poeturi TaviseburebebiT didad gamoirCeva<br />
maTgan, radgan misi xatovaneba `warmtacis, sasiamovnosa da<br />
gasaxarelis fonze akmayofilebs sibrZnismoyvareTa sulier<br />
moTxovnas~.<br />
e.C.<br />
v. kotetiSvili<br />
qarTuli literaturis istoria (XIX saukune)<br />
284<br />
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb. 1959, gv. 581-614)<br />
naSromi XIX saukunis qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis<br />
ZiriTad etapebs asaxavs. monografias asrulebs vaJa-fSavelas<br />
cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis ganxilva.<br />
mkvlevari vaJas im mcirericxovan avtorTa rigs miakuTvnebs,<br />
romelTa `piradi cxovreba da Semoqmedeba garegnuladac erTi<br />
da igivea da es maSin, rodesac TviT avtori Tavis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
moqmedi piria.<br />
avtori exeba vaJas samwerlobo kredos da mis Tavisebur<br />
xedvas, sinamdviliT gawbilebuli Semoqmedis protestad miiCnevs.<br />
sayuradReboa avtoris mosazreba adamianis pirovnuli<br />
meobis, altruizmisa da kosmiuri siyvarulis vaJaseuli gaazrebis<br />
Sesaxeb. mkvlevari TiTqos Semoqmedis wuxils grZnobs
adamianis mier ori udidesi Rirsebis: Tavisi meobisa da sxvisi<br />
siyvarulis dakargvis Sesaxeb. vaJas Rirsebad miiCnevs universaluri<br />
qadagebis: `Tavisufleba Tandayolili niWia~ bunebis<br />
wiaRSi aRmoCenas.<br />
v. kotetiSvili sagangebod miapyrobs yuradRebas ara mxolod<br />
TemaTa mravalferovnebas, aramed mxatvrul ostatobas,<br />
fantazias da warmodgenis unars. mkvlevris azriT, vaJas Semoqmedebas<br />
kargad axasiaTebs misive sityvebi: `tanjuli gulis<br />
nacremli~, `javriT nakvebi~, `sneuli~, magram ara `beCavi~.<br />
e.C.<br />
l. sulxaniSvili<br />
vaJa-fSavelas sabavSvo moTxrobaTa<br />
zogierTi Tavisebureba<br />
Tb., 1964<br />
naSromSi Seswavlilia vaJas sabavSvo moTxrobebi da ganxilulia<br />
ramdenime arsebiTi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi, kerZod: vaJas<br />
emociuri damokidebuleba masalisa da personaJebisadmi, siuJetis<br />
Taviseburebebi, distancia avtorsa da personaJs Soris,<br />
personaJi da mkiTxveli, fantastikuri vaJas moTxrobebSi,<br />
Txrobis dinamiuroba; vaJas iumori da misi gamosaxvis xerxebi.<br />
saanalizo masala moicavs vaJas 65 moTxrobas, romelTagan,<br />
cxadia, yvela Tanabari Rirebulebis ar aris. mkvlevars sagulisxmod<br />
miaCnia, rom vaJa sabavSvo TxzulebebisTvis iyenebs ara<br />
marto dadebiTi xasiaTis masalas, aramed uaryofiTi emociebis<br />
gamomwvevsac. man cxovelTa, mcenareTa da frinvelTa samyaro<br />
bavSvis sulier sferos daunaTesava; niSandoblivis isec, rom<br />
vaJas yvela personaJs axasiaTebs cxovelmyofeli, intensiuri<br />
gancda sicocxlis siyvarulisa.<br />
mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, vaJa yovelTvis gamoxatavs Tavis<br />
damokidebulebas personaJisadmi. xSiria mowonebisa Tu sibra-<br />
285
lulis gamomxatveli epiTetebi da Sedarebebi. personaJebi<br />
TanagrZnobiT ekidebian erTmaneTs. SerCeuli obieqtis Tvisebebidan<br />
vaJa gamoyofs yvelaze dasafasebels da cdilobs, TanagrZnoba<br />
aRZras mkiTxvelSi.<br />
naSromis bolos gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom vaJa-fSavelas<br />
sabavSvo prozis Taviseburebas gansazRvravs ara masala, aramed<br />
am masalisadmi da personaJebisadmi avtoris midgoma, rameTu<br />
swored am damokidebulebaSi mJRavndeba vaJas eTikuri mrwamsi<br />
_ idea humanurobisa.<br />
n.f.<br />
g. qiqoZe<br />
286<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
Tb., 1946<br />
naSromi Seiqmna vaJa-fSavelas gardacvalebidan sami aTeuli<br />
wlis Semdeg. mkvlevari sayuradRebod miiCnevs, rom ganvlilma<br />
drom ucxo da gaugebari ki ar gaxada mkiTxvelisaTvis vaJas<br />
Semoqmedeba, piriqiT, man axleburi sixcocxle SeiZina. narkvev-<br />
Si mocemulia vaJas cxovrebis da misi Semoqmedebis Tematikis<br />
mokle mimoxilva. avtori saubrobs vaJas ojaxur garemoze, mis<br />
mamaze, romelic sasuliero piri iyo da mniSvnelovani gavlena<br />
moaxdina vaJas pirovnebis formirebaze.<br />
avtori saubrobs vaJas poeziisa da xalxuri zepirsityvierebis<br />
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxze. misi Semoqmedebis motivebidan<br />
upirvelesad bunebis Tematikas gamokveTs da vaJas msoflio<br />
literaturis erT-erT udides peizaJistad warmogvidgens; avtori<br />
ganixilavs vaJas patriotuli lirikis ramdenime nimuSs;<br />
pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis urTierTdapirispirebis Tematikas<br />
ki warmoaCens `aluda qeTelaurisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~<br />
magaliTze. dasasrul, msjelobs vaJa-fSavelas prozauli<br />
Txzulebebis Sesaxeb da SeniSnavs, rom `am moTxrobebSic poetis
msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTadi ideaa asaxuli... adamiansa da bunebas<br />
Soris Rrma naTesauri kavSiri arsebobs, mxolod es<br />
msoflmxedveloba bavSvisTvis advilad misawvdom formebSia<br />
gadmocemuli.<br />
n.m.<br />
T. qurdovaniZe<br />
zepirsityvieri vaJa-fSavelas prozaSi<br />
Tb., 2010<br />
wignSi Seswavlilia vaJa-fSavelas mimarTeba folklorTan.<br />
poetis moTxrobebSi daZebnilia mTis zepirsityvierebis nimu-<br />
Sebi, romlebic safuZvlad dasdebia didi mwerlis originalur<br />
Txzulebebs. naCvenebia maTi gardaqmnis xarisxi da konkretuli<br />
funqcia.<br />
naSromi ramdenime Tavisagan Sedgeba. esenia: fSav-xevsuruli<br />
sinamdvile da vaJas SemoqmedebiTi interesebi; opozicia: adamiani<br />
_ buneba; dabrkolebaTa tragikuli gadaulaxavoba; mi-<br />
Tur personaJTa demiTologizacia; `uZmos Zmis~ idealizacia;<br />
maradiuli muxti; literaturuli zRaprebi; alegoriuli<br />
Txrobis adresatebi; monaTxrobis xiluloba;<br />
wigns erTvis gamoyenebuli lietarturis sia.<br />
n.f.<br />
287
i. CaxmaxaSvili<br />
288<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mistikur-zRapruli samyaro<br />
gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 2006<br />
wignSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavalas mxatvruli prozis zogierTi<br />
is Tavisebureba, romliTac vaJa ara Tu esatyviseba dasavlur<br />
modernizms da CarTulia evropul literaturuli<br />
cxovrebis mimdinare procesebSi, aramed rig SemTxvevebSi<br />
uswrebs kidec mas. vaJa Sedarebulia uiliam batler leits. avtoris<br />
azriT, es ori, erTmaneTisaTvis ucxo, Semoqmedi erTsa<br />
da imave istoriul droSi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad erTi<br />
da imave xedviT Wvretda samyaros.<br />
wignSi warmoCenilia is aspeqtebi, romelic axasiaTebs vaJafSavelas<br />
mxatvrul warmosaxvas mistikuri da zRapruli samyaros<br />
xedvisas. naSromi sami Tavisagan Sedgeba. pirvel Tavad<br />
gamoyofilia `mistika~. kerZod, sizmari — mistikuri gamocxadebis<br />
karibWe. meore Tavis saerTo Tema aris à`angelozi~. am<br />
WrilSi ganxilulia vaJas moTxrobebi: `xelmwifis danabarebi~,<br />
`saaxalwlo sizmari~, `moCveneba~ da sxva. mesame Tavs ki warmoadgens<br />
`zRapari~. vaJasTan am Janris tendencia uaRresad fsiqologiuri<br />
da filosofiuri formiT aris ganzogadebuli. avtorisaTvis<br />
zRapari mxatvruli simarTlis gamosaxvis marjve<br />
da originaluri formaa.<br />
naSroms win uZRvis Sesavali werili, xolo boloSi erTvis<br />
gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
st.
m. Ciqovani<br />
vaJa-fSavela da xalxuri poezia<br />
Tb., 1956<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis kavSiri zepirsityvierebasTan<br />
mkvlevarTa yuradRebis sagania. m. Ciqovanis winamdebare narkvevi<br />
aris cda, monaxos vaJas poemebis folkloruli wyaroebi,<br />
`baxtrionisa~ da `gvelismWamelis~ xalxur-poeturi wanam-<br />
ZRvrebi. saTanado mravalferovani folkloruli masalebis<br />
moxmobiT, SedarebiTa da analiziT mecnieri arkvevs am poemaTa<br />
ZiriTad motivebs da gvTavazobs Sesabamis daskvnebs: `giglia~<br />
mTlianad fSav-xevsurul xalxur wyaroebs eyrdnoba, `gvelis<br />
mWamelis~ ZiriTadi qarga qarTuli folkloridanaa aRebuli,<br />
Tumca es motivi araa TavisTavad qarTuli movlena; is farTodaa<br />
gavrcelebuli kavkasiaSi, evropis, aziisa da afrikis xalxebSic.<br />
`baxtrionSi~ ki gansxvavebul mdgomareobasTan gvaqvs<br />
saqme: istoriuli xedvis kuTxea gadanacvlebuli _ istoriuli<br />
gmirebis nacvlad poetma asparezi dauTmo saxalxo gmirebs,<br />
daeyrdno xalxis mexsierebas, waSala drois zRvari, uSoresi<br />
wiaRidan gamoixmo fSav-xevsurTa gmirebi, gverdSi amouyena Tu-<br />
Sebs da Seqmna baxtrionis brZolis epopea gasaocari miTosuri<br />
finaliT.<br />
amave narkvevSi mecnieri gvacnobs vaJas, rogorc xalxuri<br />
poeziis Semkrebsa da mkvlevars _ orasamde xalxuri leqsis<br />
Camwersa da mravali eTnografiuli statiis avtors.<br />
bolos ki mecnieri exeba metad faqiz da erTgvarad uxerxul<br />
Temas _ vaJas qarTuls. is zustad xsnis da asabuTebs, ratomaa<br />
gansxvavebuli vaJas poeziisa da prozis ena. misi TqmiT, vaJafSavela<br />
xalxuri masalis safuZvelze cdilobs, gaamdidros<br />
literaturuli ena, misces mas ufro meti mxatvruli Zala da<br />
moqniloba.<br />
st.<br />
289
T. Cxenkeli<br />
290<br />
tragikuli niRbebi<br />
Tb. 1971, gv. 1-331<br />
aRniSnuli monografia, romelic vaJas dabadebis 110-e wlis-<br />
Tavs mieZRvna, Sedgeba Sesavali nawilisa da eqvsi Tavisagan.<br />
naSromSi avtori cdilobs vaJas individualuri poeturi da<br />
miTosuri samyaros urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis garkvevas,<br />
tragikuli gmirebis fericvalebisa da amaRlebis (zogjer dacemis)<br />
garegani Tu Sinagani mizezebis dadgenas, im eTnikurmiTosuri<br />
masalis warmoCenas, romlis transformaciis meSveobiTac<br />
dagvixata vaJam personaJTa miswrafebani zneobrivi<br />
idealisaken. avtori ganixilavs samyaros models miTosuri<br />
warmodgenebis mixedviT da miuTiTebs, rom vaJas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
mxatvrul-miTosur elementebs pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba.<br />
pirovnebis Sinagani fericvalebis, gardaqmnisa da zneobrivi<br />
axalSobis sakiTxs avtori gamokveTs `aluda qeTelauris~ magaliTze,<br />
romelic, misi azriT, mxatvruli struqturis srulyofiT,<br />
erTiani percepciiT da eqspresiuli ZalmosilebiT<br />
gamorCeuli poemaa. avtori detalurad ganixilavs poemis personaJTa<br />
qmedebis motivebs, gamokveTs im fazebs, romlebsac<br />
isini fericvalebis procesSi gadian, daZebnis paralelebs mi-<br />
Tosur gmirebsa da poemis personaJebs Soris. fericvalebis<br />
TematikasTan mimarTebaSi mkvlevari ganixilavs poema `gvelis<br />
mWamels,~ warmoaCens mTavari personaJis, mindias mxatvrul<br />
saxes da saubrobs misi miTosuri prototipis Sesaxeb.<br />
n.m.
T. Cxenkeli<br />
mSvenieri mZlevari<br />
1-li gamocema, Tb., 1981<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebas Tamaz Cxenkeli TiTqmis oTxi<br />
aTeuli welia ikvlevs. am gamocemaSi Sesulia 70-ian wlebSi<br />
gamoqveynebuli `tragikuli niRbebi~ (1970) da `mSvenieri mZlevari~<br />
(1970). SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom vaJaseuli mSvenieri mZlevari<br />
wignis saTauricaa da Tamaz Cxenkelis es damoukidebeli<br />
naSromi erTgvari Sesavlis _ winasityvaobis _ funqciasac<br />
asrulebs `tragikuli niRbebisaTvis~. vaJas poemebSi pirovnebis<br />
gardaqmnis miTosuri safuZvlebis Ziebis avtoriseuli gasaRebi<br />
swored masSi devs.<br />
qarTul mecnierebaSi dResac dominirebs ori urTierTgamomricxavi<br />
azri qarTuli mTisa da qristianobis genezisis Sesaxeb.<br />
Tamaz Cxenkeli Tavisi gamokvleviT, sailustracio masalis<br />
moxmobiT zurab kiknaZiseul Tvalsazriss uWers mxars:<br />
saqarTvelos mTaSi qristianobis TandaTanobiT `paganizacias~,<br />
anu `qristianul warmarTuls~ da ara tradiciuls _ `warmar-<br />
Tul qristianuls~.<br />
`filologiuri etiudebi~ qarTul anbans, mis warmoSobas,<br />
asomTavrulis grafikasa da `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ dacul cnobebs<br />
exeba, magram es avtoris mTavar saTqmels ki ar emijneba,<br />
organuladaa CarTuli wignis saerTo qsovilSi da avtoris _<br />
mecnieris, mkvlevris, poetis, mTargmnelis _ Semoqmedebis,<br />
misi naRvawis ganuyofeli nawilia _ erT-erTi saintereso da<br />
mniSvnelovani Tvalsazrisi qarTuli paleografiis Seswavlis<br />
istoriaSi.<br />
st.<br />
291
T. SarabiZe<br />
292<br />
qristianuli motivebi vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
Tb., 2005, gv. 1-271<br />
wigni Sedgeba Sesavali nawilis, eqvsi Tavisa da daskvnebisagan,<br />
naSroms darTuli aqvs gamoyenebuli literaturisa da<br />
wyaroebis CamonaTvali. monografiaSi ganxilulia is qristianuli<br />
motivebi, romlebic dasturdeba vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
wignis avtoris miTiTebiT, Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT<br />
vaJa qristianul niadagze dgas da es faqtori mkveTrad vlindeba<br />
mis SemoqmedebaSi: bunebasTan harmonia aRiqmeba, rogorc<br />
RmerTTan Tanaziaroba, samyaros kanonzomieri wesrigic, vaJas<br />
msoflmxedvelobiT, uflis nebiT xorcieldeba. avtoris miTi-<br />
TebiT, ara mxolod samyaros modelis axsna, sikeTis vaJaseuli<br />
gagebac sikeTis arsis qristianul gagebas ukavSirdeba, romlis<br />
mixedviTac boroteba uarsoa, TiToeuli adamianis mier Cadenili<br />
sikeTe amcirebs borotebas. mkvlevari amave aspeqtiT ganixilavs<br />
siyvarulis motivs vaJas SemoqmedebaSi. vaJa moyvruli siyvarulis<br />
aucilebel pirobad miiCnevs ara mxolod axloblebisaTvis<br />
zrunvas, aramed Rvawls ucxo adamianTa sakeTildReod,<br />
maTi bednierebisaTvis Tavganwirvas. qristianuli siyvarulis<br />
umaRles gamovlinebad vaJa mtris siyvaruls saxavs. qristianul<br />
motivTagan erT-erTi umTavresi poetisaTvis aris codvamadlis<br />
sakiTxi _ madli RmerTTan miaxlebaa, codva — masTan<br />
dacileba. mkvlevari saubrobs simboluri azrovnebisa da konkretuli<br />
saxe-simboloebis Sesaxeb. avtori aqve dasZens, rom Tavisi<br />
msoflmxedvelobiT vaJa ilias memkvidrea. mkvlevari<br />
vrclad ganixilavs vaJas SemoqmedebaSi warmoCenil sinanulis<br />
motivs, romelic qristianuli azrovnebis safuZvelia. dasasrul,<br />
avtori gvesaubreba poetis Semoqmedebis miTologiur Zirebze<br />
da SeniSnavs, rom miTosi da qristianoba vaJasTan originalurad<br />
aris dakavSirebuli. n.m.
q. Sengelia<br />
damabneveli sidiade<br />
(vaJa-fSavelas mrwamsis Sesaxeb `gvelismWamelis~ mixedviT)<br />
Jurnali `mnaTobi~ 1-2, 2001.<br />
naSromSi warmodgenilia qarTvel mweralTa da mkvlevarTa<br />
mosazrebebi vaJa-fSavelas mrwamsis Sesaxeb. werili iwyeba<br />
grigol robaqiZis poziciiT, romelic vaJa-fSavelas panTeistad<br />
miiCnevda. Semdeg mocemulia qarTveli simbolistebis<br />
msjeloba vaJa-fSavelas filosofiuri naazrevis Sesaxeb. isini<br />
mwerals xan simbolistad, xan warmarTul SexedulebaTa mimdevrad<br />
moiazreben; maT mosazrebebs ufro emociuri da lirikuli<br />
dasayrdeni aqvs; s. danelia ki poemas ganixilavs idealisturi<br />
aTeizmis poziciidan. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom poetis azrovnebaSi<br />
vxedavT warmarTuli individualizmis gamovlinebas. g. qiqoZes,<br />
g. jiblaZis da S. radianis dakvirvebebsa da naSromebSic<br />
vaJas warmarTul SexedulebaTa msoflmxedvelobrivi analizia<br />
dadasturebuli. maTi argumentacia gulisxmobs vaJa-fSavelas<br />
panTeistobas, animistobas da anTropomorfizmsac.<br />
avtori miuTiTebs, rom grigol kiknaZe kategoriulad emijneba<br />
aRniSnul mosazrebebs da miiCnevs, rom `gvelismWamelSi~<br />
naCvenebia bunebis wvdomis grZnobiTi gza (instinqtis gza) da<br />
adamianis yovlismcodneobis unari. naSromSi vrclad aris warmodgenili<br />
mecnieris mier moyvanili argumentebi, ris safuZvelzec<br />
mis mier uaryofilia yvela is mosazreba, romelic qar-<br />
Tul literaturul kritikaSi gamoiTqva am sakiTxTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT. qeTevan Sengelias mier gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom<br />
`gvelismWamelSi~ sagrZnobia siaxlove bibliur motivebTan.<br />
axsnilia, ras unda niSnavdes poemaSi `axalad sulis Cadgma~ da<br />
ra kavSiri aqvs mas (arqimandrit rafaelis naSromze dayrdnobiT)<br />
sulis feriscvalebasTan. saubaria agreTve, samyaros<br />
uxilav siRrmeTa wvdomis SesaZleblobebisa da adamianuri in-<br />
293
tuiciis Sesaxeb, rac, bibliis mixedviT gulisxmobs, rom `codviT<br />
dacemamde~ adamma yvela suldgmulis Sinagani buneba icoda<br />
da adami da eva saxelebiT uxmobdnen cxovelebsa da mcenareebs.<br />
naSromSi amis mixedviT ganxilulia mindias qmedebis arsi.<br />
q.S.<br />
d. wowkolauri<br />
vaJa-fSavelas eposis wyaroebis da<br />
mxatvruli struqturis Sesaxeb<br />
Tb., 1982<br />
wignSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelas eposis wyaroebisa da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
istoriis sakiTxebi. cxovrebiseul da folklorul<br />
masalasTan Sedareba-Sepirispirebis gaTvaliswinebiT daxasiaTebulia<br />
vaJas poemaTa mxatvruli struqtura, Sefasebulia<br />
maTi fabulebis, siuJetebisa da saxe-xasiaTebis TviTmyofadoba,<br />
socialur-zneobrivi Rirebuleba.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Tanamedrove qarTulma saliteraturo kritikam<br />
erTgvarad gaazviada poetis nawarmoebebze xalxuri Semoqmedebis<br />
ideur-mxatvruli zemoqmedebis diapazoni. naSromis<br />
mizania, warmoaCinos vaJa-fSavelas eposis, kerZod, `gogoTur<br />
da afSinas~, `baxtrionis~, `stumar-maspinZlis~ da `gvelis<br />
mWamelis~ wyaroebis, siuJetebisa da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis<br />
Taviseburebebi. didi poetis literaturul-esTetikuri naazrevi<br />
mis intuiciur TviTdakvirvebazea amozrdili, amitomac<br />
vaJas Teoriuli xasiaTis yovel moTxovnas (iqneba es SemoqmedebiTi<br />
procesis specifikis sakiTxi, individualuri da koleqtiuri<br />
Semoqmedebis urTierTmimarTebisa Tu sazogadoebaSi xelovnebis<br />
rolis adgilis problema da a. S) didi damarwmunebloba<br />
aqvs SeZenili, raki igi nasazrdoebia uSualod poetis<br />
SemoqmedebiTi praqtikiT, misi poeturi `me~-s TviTanaliziT.<br />
294
naSromi 6 Tavisagan Sedgeba: I. vaJa-fSavela SemoqmedebiTi<br />
wyaroebisa da poeturi individualurobis Sesaxeb; II. vaJafSavelas<br />
poemis _ `gogoTur da afSina~ _ SemoqmedebiTi masalisa<br />
da siuJetis sakiTxisaTvis; III. `baxtrionis~ siuJeti da<br />
xalxuri wyaroebis problema; IV. `stumar-maspinZlis~ wyaroebis,<br />
siuJetis da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis sakiTxebi; V. `gvelis<br />
mWamelis~ wyaroebisa da mxatvruli struqturis Taviseburebis<br />
Sesaxeb; VI. poetur tradiciebTan vaJa-fSavelas leqsis mimar-<br />
Tebis erTi aspeqti.<br />
wigns axlavs gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
n.f.<br />
al. WeiSvili<br />
mxatvruli saxis dinamika vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi<br />
wignSi: kritikuli werilebi (gv. 56-193)<br />
Tb.,1948<br />
wigni ramdenime narkvevs Seicavs, romelTa Sorisaa werili<br />
`mxatvruli saxis dinamika vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi~.<br />
mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom Tumca qarTveli mecnierebis er-<br />
Tma nawilma sworad igrZno vaJas Semoqmedebis Zala da siRrme,<br />
magram es Zala TiTqmis mTlianad vaJas Semoqmedebis pirvelwyarod<br />
dasaxul xalxur poezias miawera. vaJa im poetTa ricxvs<br />
miekuTvneba, romelTac ar uyvarT mxatvruli resursebis, poeturi<br />
tyvia-wamlis tyuil-ubralod xarjva. udidesi ekonomia,<br />
damzogveloba axasiaTebs mis stils. Seuneleblad miiswrafvian<br />
misi poemebis siuJetebi mTavarisa da ZiriTadisaken. kontrastze,<br />
bnelisa da naTlis TamaSze amyarebs mwerali sakuTari koncefciis<br />
warmoCenas. vaJas poemebSi gmiris sulieri ganwmenda,<br />
sulieri aRorZineba xdeba gancdili didi zneobrivi Seryevis<br />
Sedegad. grafikulad Tu warmovidgenT mxatvruli saxis dinamikas,<br />
Cven davinaxavT, rom Tu poemis dasawyisSi vaJa gamalebiT<br />
295
miaqanebda gmirs gamxecebis ufskrulisaken, axla mwerals<br />
aseTive Seunelebeli dinamikurobiT mihyavs igi maRali humanisturi<br />
msoflmxedvelobis mwvervalisaken. zviadauris mokvdinebis<br />
scenas avtori akavSirebs gogolis `taras bulbadan~ ostapis<br />
dasjasTan. aseve, saintereso paralelia daZebnili n. maris<br />
mier Caweril eTnografiul masalasTan _ `ZaRl iyos Tqveni<br />
mkvdrisada~ - am magiur formulasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
n.f.<br />
a. xucurauli<br />
mTis eTnografiuli yofis suraTebi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mogonebaTa furclebze<br />
Tb., 2008<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis eTnografiul yofaze,<br />
fSavsa da vaJa-fSavelaze uamravi ram dawerila da gamoqveynebula,<br />
magram am ori fenomenis bolomde amocnob-amowurva SeuZlebelia.<br />
amaSi gvarwmunebs winamdebare wigni, romelsac avtori<br />
or nawilad yofs.<br />
pirvelSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli yofis<br />
suraTebi, wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi aRwerilia fSavisa da<br />
mTiuleTis aragvis auzebs Sua moqceuli xorxis xeobis mimdebare<br />
soflebis magaliTze. es xeoba eTnografiulad mTlianad<br />
Seuswavlelia da amdenad mas qarTuli eTnografiis Sevsebagamdidrebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, mTliani suraTis Sesaqmnelad, didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs. avtori Seecada mkiTxvels mTielTa yofis<br />
is mxareebi gaacnos, romelTac naklebad Sexebia mkvlevarTa<br />
xeli.<br />
wignis meore nawili mogonebebia vaJa-fSavelaze. esaa sruliad<br />
axali, cocxali masala da ara arsebulis Tavmoyra da<br />
kidev erTxel ganmeoreba. informatorebi da eTnoforec sruliad<br />
axalia _ vaJas Svilebi, SviliSvilebi, razikaSvilTa STa-<br />
296
momavalni da is adamianebi, romlebic uSualod vaJas Tanamedroveni<br />
iyvnen an winaparTa gadmocemiT maTs mexsierebas saintereso<br />
mogonebebi SemorCa. am monakveTSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba<br />
vaJa-fSavelas _ mamas, meuRles, meojaxes, meurnes, sazogado<br />
moRvawes, mTieli kacis qomags da, rac mTavaria, genialur<br />
poets _ mis SemoqmedebiT laboratorias, rogor da ra pirobebSi<br />
iqmneboda vaJas Sedevrebi.<br />
st.<br />
g. jiblaZe<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
wignSi: kritikuli etiudebi<br />
Tb., 1955<br />
wigni Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 6 Tavisagan: besarion belinski,<br />
nikoloz CerniSevski, d. WonqaZe, `suramis cixe~, vaJa-fSavela,<br />
gogla leoniZe.<br />
narkvevis me-5 TavSi saubaria vaJa-fSavelas literaturulesTetikur<br />
Sexedulebebze. mocemulia vaJas poeziis zogadi<br />
daxasiaTeba. naCvenebia, rogoraa warmodgenili momavali vaJas<br />
poeziaSi. mkvlevari vrclad saubrobs vaJas anTropormorfizemis<br />
socilur xasiaTze, vaJas peizaJebze. afasebs vaJas kritikuli<br />
werilebis mniSvnelobas; sagangebod mimoixilavs werils `Pro<br />
domo sua~; msjelobs tolstoisa da vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiT<br />
Tanxvedraze; calke qveTavi eTmoba originalursa da xalxurs<br />
vaJas qmnilebebSi; Tavmoyrili da Sefasebulia rusTvelis,<br />
Seqspiris, servantesis, puSkinisa da goeTes Sesaxeb vaJas mier<br />
gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi; naSromSi warmoCenilia vaJas realisturi<br />
koncefcia, misi damokidebuleba tendenciis sakiTxisadmi<br />
xelovnebaSi;<br />
297
mkvlevarma vaJas axali homerosi uwoda; romantikuli ieriT<br />
damSvenebuli realisti mwerali, geniosi mxatvari, romelmac<br />
msoflio poeziis saganZurSi margalitebi Seitana.<br />
n.f.<br />
298<br />
g) literaturuli urTierTobebi<br />
l. TeTruaSvili<br />
vaJa-fSavelasa da iohan volfgang goeTes<br />
ideur-msoflmxedvelobrivi urTierToba<br />
Tb. 1982<br />
wigni exeba vaJa-fSavelasa da goeTes Semoqmedebas, maTs<br />
msoflmxedvelobriv da mxatvrul-esTetikur problematikas.<br />
samecniero gamokvleva moicavs winaTqmas, or ZiriTad nawils<br />
(bunebis (RmerTis) gageba; mimesisis problemebi) da reziumeebs<br />
rusul da germanul enebze..<br />
avtori axleburad iazrebs vaJas panTeistobis problemas,<br />
`eresis~ sakiTxs. mecnieri saubrobs vaJa-fSavelasa da goeTes<br />
SemoqmedebaSi zebunebrivi Zalebisa da samyaros Semecnebaze.<br />
mkvlevari siRrmiseulad mimoixilavs RvTaebisa da bunebis,<br />
adamianisa da RvTaebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebs. safuZvlianad<br />
Seiswavlis da warmoaCens goeTes Semoqmedebas panTeizmis<br />
konteqstSi; mimoixilavs vaJa-fSavelas panTeistobis<br />
Teoriasac da saubrobs am sakiTxiT gamowveul polemikaze.<br />
avtorTa msoflmxedvelobis warmosaCenad mkvlevari eyrdnoba<br />
goeTesa da vaJa-fSavelas lirikuli gmirebis xasiaTebsa<br />
da damokidebulebebs. l. TeTruaSvili krebs da warmogvidgens<br />
did interteqstualur masalas mweralTa mxatvruli memkvidreobidan.<br />
saubrobs ra mSvenieri adamianis panTeistur mo-
delze, mecnieri ganixilavs faustisa da mindias msgavsebis<br />
sakiTxs; ganmartavs `kai ymis~ cnebis Sinaarss da miiCnevs, rom<br />
goeTe da vaJa-fSavela qmnian RvTaebis sworfer, mis metoqe<br />
gmirebs.<br />
meore TavSi mkvlevari ganixilavs goeTesa da vaJa-fSavelas<br />
SemoqmedebiT meTodebs, romelTa saSualebiTac isini realobis<br />
mxatvrul reprezentacias axdenen. mecnieri samyaros `gardaTqmis~<br />
goeTesa da vaJa-fSavelaseul xerxebs ganixilavs aristoteles<br />
da lesingis terminologiuri instrumentebis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
mimesisis arsis ganxilvisas naSromis avtori eyrdnoba aristoteles<br />
obieqtur-realistur gagebas da Sesabamisi masalis<br />
moxmobiT warmogviCens goeTesa da vaJas aristoteles esTetikuri<br />
mrwamsis SemoqmedebiT memkvidreebad;<br />
st.<br />
e. kvitaiSvili<br />
d) leqsTmcodneobis sakiTxebi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas riTma<br />
Tb., 1971<br />
naSromSi qarTuli leqsis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentis<br />
_ riTmis _ TvalsazrisiT Seswavlilia vaJa-fSavelas<br />
poezia.<br />
vaJas riTma qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis fonzea ganxiluli<br />
mraval aspeqtSi; mkafiodaa gamovlenili is ZiriTadi Taviseburebebi,<br />
rac poetis riTmas axasiaTebs.<br />
wignSi TvalsaCino adgili aqvs daTmobili xalxur poezias-<br />
Tan, kerZod, xalxur riTmasTan, vaJas mimarTebas. naSromis Zi-<br />
299
iTadi mizania vaJas adgilisa da rolis Cveneba qarTuli riTmis<br />
ganviTarebis istoriaSi.<br />
naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 5 Tavisagan, romlebic, Tavis<br />
mxriv, ramdenime qveTavadaa dayofili: 1. riTmis sigrZe-simokle;<br />
2. aritmvis xerxebi; 3. vaJas riTmis evfonia; 4. vaJas riTmis<br />
morfologia; 5. `stumar-maspinZlis~ riTma;<br />
naSromis bolos mkvlevari askvnis: vaJam mravalsaukunovan<br />
qarTul saleqso teqnikas, kerZod, qarTul riTmas, xalxur poeziaze<br />
dayrdnobiT axali elvareba SeZina. man aaRorZina da Tvisebrivad<br />
gaamdidra rusTvelisa da guramiSvilis tradiciebi.<br />
z.c.<br />
g. kalandariSvili<br />
qarTuli poeziis tradicia da vaJa-fSavela<br />
wignSi: tradicia da Tanamedroveoba axal qarTul<br />
literaturaSi<br />
Tb., 2006<br />
wigni Sedgeba 4 damoukidebeli nawilisagan; Tavi I. bibliis<br />
literaturuli adaptacia qarTvel romatikosTa Semoqmedeba-<br />
Si; II. XIX saukunis 70-iani w.w. `mamaTa~ da `SvilTa~ polemikis<br />
zneobriv-religiuri aspeqtebi; III. qristianuli tradiciebi<br />
ilias SemoqmedebaSi; IV. qarTuli poeziis tradicia da vaJafSavelas<br />
poeturi xilvebi;<br />
narkvevSi Seswavlilia rogorc vaJas epikuri qmnilebebi, ise<br />
lirika; mecnieris azriT, vaJas poeziaSi gaerTianda qarTuli<br />
sulierebis ori nakadi _ miTosuri da qristianuli; vaJam dagvarwmuna<br />
poeziaSi maTi Tanaarsebobis SesaZleblobebSi da adgili<br />
moupova Tavis Tanamedrove mTielTa warmodgenebsac, rogorc<br />
eris sulieri istoriis mniSvnelovan dokuments. vaJas,<br />
rogorc poets, izidavda miTosuri samyaro Tavisi kosmiuri<br />
masStabiT, magram arc qristianuli grZnobebiT STagoneba ak-<br />
300
lda mis lirikas. axali qarTuli mwerlobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia<br />
Rrma istorizmi, risi upiratesi niSani tradiciebisadmi<br />
gansakuTrebuli erTguleba da interesia. am periodis literaturaSi<br />
Tanabari ZaliT aRniSnulia Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis<br />
da zepirsityvierebis tendenciebi.<br />
mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom literaturul-wignieri tradiciebi<br />
vaJas SemoqmedebaSi bevrad ufro mkrTaladaa gamoxatuli,<br />
vidre tradiciebi xalxuri poeziisa da qarTuli miTosisa.<br />
Tumca mis poemebSi `eTeri~ da `monadire~ mocemulia `vefxistyaosnis~<br />
intriga _ mefisTvis micemuli sityvis gatexva (gurgeni<br />
_ farsadani). vaJas poeturi stili sakmaod daSorebuli<br />
qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobis stilisagan da fSavur kiloze<br />
wera rom ver gaebeda, mkvlevris azriT, ideur, magram usaxo<br />
poetad darCena eloda.<br />
naSromis bolos mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom vaJas poeziaSi<br />
miTologiuri fantazia uSualod da bunebrivad efuZneba mxatvrul<br />
fantazias, xolo umTavresi msgavseba vaJas poetikasa da<br />
ziepirsityvierabas Soris plastikurobaa: vaJas xedvis udidesi<br />
energia aqvs.<br />
z.c.<br />
e) enis sakiTxebi<br />
i. imnaiSvili<br />
vaJa-fSavela da Zveli qarTuli ena<br />
Tb., 1968, gv. 1-240<br />
naSromis mizania vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi warmodgenili<br />
Zveli qarTuli leqsikisa da gramatikuli formebis Seswavla.<br />
avtoris miTiTebiT, vaJas SemoqmedebaSi uxvad gvxvdeba Zveli<br />
qarTuli saliteraturo enis masalebi. SeiZleba gadauWarbeb-<br />
301
lad iTqvas, rom me-19 saukunis (II naxevris) mwerlebs Soris<br />
vaJas am mxriv veravin Seedreba. mis nawerebSi (poeziasa da prozaSi)<br />
Warbadaa imgvari Zveli qarTuli leqsikuri erTeulebi,<br />
romlebic dRes daviwyebulia. aseve, xSiria saxelisa da zmnis<br />
sxvadasxva gramatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic mxolod Zveli<br />
qarTulis safuZvelze aixsneba.<br />
TavSi _ leqsikuri Sexvedrebi _ avtori ganmartavs konkretul<br />
formebs anbanuri Tanmimdevrobis dacviTa da Sesabamisi<br />
teqstebis damowmebiT. Semdeg TavSi _ gramatikuli Sexvedrebi<br />
_ avtori ganixilavs fonetikur da morfologiur saki-<br />
Txebs. morfologiuri sakiTxebidan igi Seexeba brunvaTa sistemas,<br />
ganixilavs konkretul magaliTebs vaJas Semoqmedebidan,<br />
warmoaCens ormagi brunebis nimuSebs, saubrobs narTaniani mravlobiTis,<br />
nawevarisa da msazRvrel-sazRvrulis gamoyenebis<br />
Taviseburebebze.<br />
zmnis kategoriis ganxilvisas mkvlevari yuradRebas amaxvilebs<br />
xolmeobiTis formebis gamoyenebaze. es sakiTxi Zveli da<br />
axali qarTulis erT-erTi ganmasxvavebeli niSania. xolmeobi-<br />
Tis mwkrivebi, romelTa simravlec damaxasiaTebelia Zveli<br />
qarTulisTvis, axalSi ar dasturdeba. igive iTqmis pirdapiri<br />
obieqtis mravlobiTobis zmnaSi gamoxatvis Sesaxebac, romelic<br />
aseve, gansxvavebiT axali qarTulisagan, gvqonda ZvelSi da<br />
gvxvdeba vaJas SemoqmedebaSic. poeti saubrobs zmnuri kategoriis<br />
sxva arqaul formebzec, sintaqsisa da droTa Tanmimdevrobis<br />
sakiTxebze, vrclad da detalurad mimoixilavs metrikisa<br />
da ritmis regulaciis enobriv-mxatvrul saSualebebs, mokled<br />
exeba poeturi xelovnebis sxva xerxebsac, romlebic<br />
damaxasiaTebelia vaJas mxatvruli metyvelebisaTvis.<br />
n.m.<br />
302
S. ZiZiguri<br />
vaJa-fSavelas enis probleba<br />
wignSi: `qarTvel klasikosTa enobrivi memkvidreoba~<br />
Tb., 1971, gv. 166-200<br />
naSromSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelas samwerlobo enis problema.<br />
avtoris miTiTebiT, vaJas samwerlobo ena diferencirebulia<br />
Janris mixedviT. poeti prozaSi saliteraturo enas, xolo<br />
poeziaSi mis dialeqtur variants iyenebs. naSromis avtori<br />
ganixilavs literaturis kritikaSi miRebul formulirebas,<br />
romlis mixedviTac vaJa enobrivi partikularizmis tipuri<br />
warmomadgenelia, enobrivi naturalizmis damnergavia qarTul<br />
literaturaSi da aqve gvTavazobs p. mirianaSvilis, i. nakaSiZis,<br />
a. wereTlis, k. abaSiZis, ip. varTagavas, t. tabiZis, arn. Ciqobavas<br />
da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisebs vaJas enasTan dakavSirebiT. vrclad<br />
warmoadgens Tavad vaJa-fSavelas damokidebulebas sakuTar<br />
samwerlobo enasa da stilze. mkvlevaris miTiTebiT, vaJa mxars<br />
uWers enobrivi konservatorizmis Teorias, amasTan, poetis<br />
azriT, fSavur kilos gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba axali<br />
qarTuli saliteraturo enis formirebis procesSi. werilis<br />
avtori msjelobs dialeqtizmebis nakadze vaJas samwerlobo<br />
enaSi da, amasTan, gvTavazobs vaJas dialeqtizmebis analizs,<br />
ganixilavs konkretul nimuSebs. dasasrul, avtori askvnis, rom<br />
vaJa-fSavela ar SeiZleba miviCnioT enobrivi naturalizmis<br />
tipur warmomadgenlad da vaJas fSavur dialeqtTan mimarTebis<br />
problemac garkveuli SezRudviT unda ganvixiloT, radgan<br />
vaJas poeturi metyvelebis arsebiTi nawili saliteraturo enas<br />
eyrdnoba, dialeqtizmebs vaJas nawerebSi stilistikuri funqcia<br />
aqvs dakisrebuli, xolo mTlianobaSi poetma didi wvlili<br />
Seitana qarTuli saliteraturo enis formirebaSi.<br />
303
werili dayofilia Tavebad: 1. zogadi mimoxilva 2. vaJas enis<br />
sakiTxi literaturul kritikaSi 3. vaJas Sexedulebebi enaze 4.<br />
dialeqtizmebis adgili vaJas enaSi 5. vaJas dialeqtizmebis<br />
analizi..<br />
n.m.<br />
304<br />
III. saiubileo krebulebi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas dabadebidan 100 wlisTavisadmi<br />
miZRvnili krebuli, 1861-1961<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba.<br />
red.: g. leoniZe, Tb., 1961<br />
krebulSi Setanilia 18 statia. wigni ixsneba akaki SaniZis<br />
mogonebebiT. giorgi abzianiZe statiaSi `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis<br />
sakacobrio mniSvneloba~, miuTiTebs, rom vaJa-fSavelas<br />
udidesi istoriuli damsaxureba Tavisi Semoqmedebis centrSi<br />
im didi socialuri, filosofiuri da eTikuri problemebis<br />
moqceva, romlebic aRelvebda misi drois mowinave kacobriobas.<br />
am problemebs genialurma xelovanma mouZebna Rrma originaluri<br />
forma, novatoruli ideur-mxatrvruli gadawyveta, riTac<br />
Tavisi Semoqmedeba msoflio literaturis simaRleze aiyvana.<br />
al. baramiZe werilSi `vaJa-fSavela rusTvelologi~, miuTi-<br />
Tebs poetis mier gamoTqmul rusTvelologiur ideebze. kerZod,<br />
gamoyofs vaJa-fSavelas mier al. xaxanaSvilis ZiriTadi<br />
mosazrebis _ `vefxistyaosnis~ xalxuri tarielianidan warmo-<br />
Soba _ darRvevas. mkvlevars agreTve mniSvnelovnad miaCnia<br />
vaJas mier `vefxistyaosnis~ siuJetis originalurobis problemis<br />
gadaWrac. vaJam dagmo maris werilebSi gamoTqmuli pozicia
da Tavisi midgomiT miuaxlovda e.w. `siuJeturi SeniRbvis~<br />
koncefcias.<br />
mix. Ciqovani statiaSi `vaJa-fSavelas `stumar-maspinZlis~<br />
folkloruli Zirebi~, aRniSnavs, rom marTalia, vaJas SemoqmedebaSi<br />
ar moiZebneba erTi TvalsaCino poemac ki, romelic<br />
uSualod kavSirSi ar iqneba folklorTan, magram, amave dros,<br />
TiToeuli maTgani Rrmad individualuri da originaluria<br />
gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
qs. sixaruliZe werilSi `vaJa-fSavelas~ folkloruli Sexedulebebi~<br />
mimoixilavs ra vaJas werilebs xalxuri sityvierebisa<br />
da literaturis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnavs,<br />
rom vaJas Sexedulebebs didi Teoriuli Rirebuleba gaaCnia da<br />
rom poetis mier xalxuri wyaroebis gamoyenebis principi<br />
samagaliToa yvela WeSmariti xelovanisTvis.<br />
g. kalandariSvili werilSi `vaJas metaforuli metyveleba<br />
da Tanamedrove qarTuli poezia~ poets metaforebis jadoqars<br />
uwodebs da acxadebs, rom rusTvelis Semdeg qarTul poeziaSi<br />
mas badali ar moepoveba da rom man me-20 s. qarTuli poeziis<br />
ganviTarebaze didi gavlena moaxdina.<br />
a. gaCeCilaZis azriT, `mokveTili~ pirveli qarTuli dramatuli<br />
nawarmoebia. igi Rrma konfliqtiis niadagze Seqmnili<br />
fsiqologiuri dramaa, romelic adamianis sulieri samyaros<br />
moZraobas saocari sizustiT gvaCvenebs. mkvlevari miiCnevs,<br />
rom Tavisi fsiqologizmiT `mokveTili~ axlos dgas ilias dramatul<br />
poemasTan `deda da Svili~.<br />
d. ramiSvils werilSi `gvelis mWamelis~ mTavari gmiris _<br />
mindias _ saxe qarTul literaturul kritikaSi~, arsebiTad<br />
miaCnia, rom vaJa icnobda da iziarebda mindias k. abaSiZiseul<br />
Sefasebas: `poema aris mewvrilmanuri, praqtikulis fiqrebis,<br />
usaxo utilitarizmis sazizRari saxis damgmobi... mSvenieri<br />
mindia, gonebiTa da grZnobiT laRi, iRupeba viwro haerasa da<br />
atmosferoSi~.<br />
305
l. sulxaniSvili Tavis werilSi msjelobs vaJas sabavSvo<br />
prozis erT Taviseburebaze. kerZod, `crupentela aRmzrdelis~<br />
magaliTze ganixilavs rogor, ra saSualebebiT axerxebs<br />
vaJa mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis moxdenasa da masTan uSulo<br />
kontaqtis damyarebas.<br />
ap. canava msjelobs vaJa-fSavelas mimarTebaze fSaur kafiasTan.<br />
avtori ganixilavs, ra aris kafia da rogoria misi specifika;<br />
axasiaTbs vaJa fSavelas, rogorc fSauri kafiis mkvlevarsa<br />
da Semkrebs; aseve, gviambobs vaJas damokidebulebaze<br />
fSauri kafiis ostatebisadmi.<br />
garda zemoxsenebulisa, krebulSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba Semdeg<br />
statiebs: l. WrelaSvili _ `zogierTi cnoba razikaSvilebis<br />
urTierTobidan~, T. izaSvili _ `vaJasa da baCanas urTierTobidan~,<br />
r. kusraSvili _ `vaJas erTi honoraris istoria~;<br />
s. caiSvili _ `paralelebi da SeniSvnebi~; l. sanaZe _ `vaJafSavelas<br />
`soflis suraTebi~; T. Cxenkeli _ `vaJa-fSavelas<br />
poemebis zabolockiseuli Targmanebi~; i. megreliZe _ `n. mari<br />
da vaJa—fSavelas SefasebiT~; g. barnovi _ `vaJa-fSavelas<br />
poeziis xalxuri wyaroebis Sesaxeb~.<br />
n.f.<br />
306<br />
Tematuri krebulebi<br />
qarTveli mwerlebi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb<br />
Tb., 2003<br />
krebuli mieZRvna vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis damaarseblisa da<br />
xelmZRvanelis, prof. grigol kiknaZis dabadebis 90-e wlisTavs<br />
(Semdg.: i. evgeniZe, l. minaSvili, j. WumburiZe). krebuli moicavs<br />
709 gverds. erTvis Sesavali narkvevi (avtori iuza evge-
niZe), komentarebi, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi (Semdg.: l. minaSvili).<br />
krebulis redaqtoria j. WumburiZe.<br />
wignSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba qarTvel poetTa da prozaikosTa<br />
mier vaJas Temaze Seqmnil leqsebs, mxatvrul eskizebs, eseebs.<br />
kritikul werilebs, narkvevebs, memuarebsa da pirad werilebSi<br />
dacul cnobebs mgosnis samoRvaweo asparezze gamosvlis<br />
dRidan XX saukunis 80-ian wlebamde.<br />
krebulSi ar Sesula qarTvel emigrant mweralTa naazrevi.<br />
gamonaklisia mxilod grigol robaqiZe, Salva amirejibi da<br />
akaki papava, radgan isini emigraciaSi wasvlamdec aqveynebdnen<br />
werilebs vaJas Sesaxeb.<br />
krebulSi aseve ar Sesula rogorc moculobiT, ise Sinaarsobrivi<br />
TvalsazrisiT gamorCeuli da sayovelTaod cnobili<br />
naSromebi: akaki gawerelias `vaJa-fSavela~, T. Cxenkelis `tragikuli<br />
niRbebi~ da `mSvenieri mZlevari, e. kvitaiSvilis `vaJafSavelas<br />
riTma~.<br />
krebulSi Sesulia sxvadasxva dros presaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
masalac. Semdgenlebma Tavi mouyares 140-mde publikacias. maT<br />
Sorisaa iseT avtorTa nawerebi, rogorebic arian: ilia WavWavaZe,<br />
akaki wereTeli, d. kldiaSvili, d. megreli, g. ServaSiZe, gr.<br />
robaqiZe, s. SanSiaSvili, i. ekalaZe, l. bzvaneli, g. quCiSvili,<br />
g.tabiZe, t. tabiZe, p. iaSvili, v. gafrindaSvili, g. leoniZe,<br />
k.gamsaxurdia, v. barnovi, m. javaxiSvili, i. griSaSvili, s. Ciqovani,<br />
n. nakaSiZe, d. Sengelaia, l. goTua, ak. beliaSvili, gr. aba-<br />
SiZe, T. WilaZe da sxvani.<br />
SemdgenelTa mizani iyo Tavi moeyaraT yvela im poeturi<br />
formiT warmodgenili Tu wminda kritikul-Teoriuli xasiaTis<br />
masalisaTvis, rac ki vaJas Sesaxeb Seqmnila. rasakvirvelia, krebuls<br />
ar aqvs sisrulis pretenzia, magram is qarTul samecniero<br />
sivrceSi Seqmnili am tipis pirveli krebulia da, amdenad, metad<br />
faseulic.<br />
n.f.<br />
307
308<br />
vaJa fSavela qarTul literaturul kritikaSi<br />
(Semdg. i. bocvaZe)<br />
qrestomaTia, I, Tb., 1955<br />
qrestomaTiaSi Setanilia vaJa fSavelas SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
Seqmnili kritikuli werilebi, romlebic 1886-1925<br />
wlebSia dawerili. wigns win uZRvis Semdgenlis, i. bocvaZis,<br />
vrceli werili `vaJa fSavela qarTul literaturul kritika-<br />
Si~, romelSic avtori kritikulad ganixilavs krebulSi mis<br />
mierve Setanil werilebs. aqve i. bocvaZe warmogvidgens sakuTar<br />
subieqtur Sexedulebas vaJa fSavelas SemoqmedebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
qrestomaTiaSi Setanili pirveli kritikuli werili - `bibliografiuli<br />
SeniSvna~ _ ekuTvnis iakob mansvetaSvils.. aq ganxilulia<br />
sabavSvo Jurnal `nobaTis~ III, IV da V nomrebi. Semdeg<br />
wignSi mocemulia ivane jajanaSvilis (i. kavTeli) `bibliografiuli<br />
SeniSvna~, romelic aseve Jurnal `nobaTis~ mimoxilvas warmoadgens.<br />
aq sayuradReboa is faqti, rom i. jajanaSvili vaJa fSavelas<br />
`Svlis nukris naambobs~ mxolod sityvebis grovad miiCnevs.<br />
vaJa fSavelas enis Taviseburebas exeba petre mirianaSvilis<br />
werili `saero ena da saTemo kilo~, romelSic avtori aRniSnavs,<br />
rom vaJas kuTxurma metyvelebam `mTlad aria enis taZari~. am<br />
publicistur werils mosdevs vaJas sapasuxo werili `mcire<br />
SeniSvna~, romelSic avtoris mier dasabuTebulad aris Sefasebuli<br />
xalxuri metyvelebis roli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
ioseb bocvaZis mier qrestomaTiaSi Setanilia petre mirianaSvilis<br />
sapasuxo werili `b-ni vaJa fSavela da b-ni urbneli~;<br />
aseve, Teofile xuskivaZis publikacia `sabibliografio SeniSvna~,<br />
gr. yifSiZis literaturul-kritikuli xasiaTis werilebi:<br />
`saliteraturo mimoxilva~, `T-di raf. erisTavi da misi saliteraturo<br />
moRvaweoba~ da isev `saliteraturo mimoxilva~.
CamoTvlil werilebSi avtori met-naklebad kritikulad afasebs<br />
vaJa fSavelas Semoqmedebas.<br />
qrestomaTiaSi warmodgenilia vaJa fSavelas werili `Pro<br />
domo sua~, masSi mkafiod Cans mwerlis literaturul-kritikuli<br />
da esTetikuri Sexedulebebi.<br />
krebulSi i. bocvaZem Seitana ilia nakaSiZis publicisturi<br />
werilebis seria: `vaJa fSavelas poezia~, `vaJa fSavela~ da `vaJa<br />
fSavela~ (l. razikaSvili). sayuradReboa, rom am werilebis<br />
avtori ver axerxebs ganaviTaros erTi mwyobri Tvalsazrisi<br />
vaJas Semoqmedebaze da garkveul winaaRmdegobaSic vardeba.<br />
qrestomaTiaSi aseve warmodgenilia Semdegi werilebi: l.<br />
bocvaZis `kritika da bibliografia~, kita abaSiZis `vaJa fSavela~,<br />
i. gomarTelis `kritikuli SeniSvna~ da `saliteraturo<br />
SeniSvnebi~, iv. gomelauris `bibliografia~; gr. rcxilaZis publikacia<br />
`vaJa fSavelas lirikis axali hangi~. yvela CamoTvlili<br />
werili warmoadgens vaJa fSavelas Semoqmedebis Sefasebisa da<br />
kritikuli analizis cdas.<br />
wignSi aseve warmodgenilia al. xaxanaSvilis werili `luka<br />
razikaSvili (vaJa fSavela)~, ip. varTagavas kritikuli etiudi<br />
`simRera mTis Svilis vaJa fSavelasadmi~. unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
ip. varTagavas es werili im periodis yvelaze vrceli da safuZvliani<br />
ganxilvaa vaJa fSavelas Semoqmedebisa. aq avtori<br />
svams saintereso kiTxvas: Tu ra ekuTvnis vaJas poemebSi xalxis<br />
geniosobas da ra TviT mgosans. am werils logikurad mosdevs<br />
vaJa fSavelas sapasuxo sityva `kritika b-n ip. varTagavasi~.<br />
ioseb bocvaZis mier qrestomaTiaSi aseve Setanilia Semdegi<br />
werilebi: ilia feraZis `baxtrioni~ da `gogoTur da afSina~,<br />
ioseb imedaSvilis `bunebis mesaidumle~, daviT kasraZis eskizi<br />
`vaJa fSavela~, vl. b-Zis `vaJa fSavela~ da bolos nar-donis werilebi:<br />
`vaJa fSavela~ da `mTebis amayiSvilis _ vaJas xsovnas~.<br />
qrestomaTiis Semdgeneli ioseb bocvaZe publicisturi<br />
werilebis warmoCeniT Seecada erTianobaSi warmoedgina vaJa-<br />
309
fSavelas SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT dawerili kritikuli<br />
Sefasebebi.<br />
qrestomaTiaSi axlavs SeniSvnebi da saxelTa saZiebeli.<br />
st.<br />
310<br />
vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrioni~<br />
(monografiuli krebuli)<br />
Tb., 1974<br />
aRniSnuli krebuli qarTul samecniero sivrceSi dRemde<br />
rCeba am tipis erTaderT da originalur gamocemad. wigni gr.<br />
kiknaZis redaqtorobiT momzadda. SesavalSi saubaria ori komisiis<br />
muSaobis Sedegebze (pirvelma Seiswavla `baxtrionis~<br />
teqstis sakiTxebi; meorem _ poema gaaanaliza mxatvrulgamomsaxvelobiTi<br />
saSualebebis TvalsazrisiT). Sesavals mosdevs<br />
grigol kiknaZis vrceli werili, romelSic zogadadaa<br />
daxasiaTebuli poema `baxtrioni~. Semdeg nakveTSi dabeWdilia<br />
poemis mecnierulad dadgenili teqsti.<br />
iv. gigineiSvilis statiaSi `baxtrionis~ teqstisTvis~ saubaria<br />
poemis wyaroebsa da avtografebze. agreTve, teqstis dadgenasTan<br />
dakavSirebul problemebze.<br />
krebulis mesame nakveTi Seicavs 15 samecniero werils<br />
`baxtrionis~ poetikis sakiTxebze (kompozicia, strofika, metafora,<br />
gapirovneba, epiTeti, Sedareba, ritorikuli figurebi,<br />
hiperbola, ritmi, deskrifcia, inversia, anafora, gadatana,<br />
evfonia, riTma). am werilebis avtorebi arian: a. xinTibiZe, gr,<br />
kiknaZe, s. xuciSvili. j. WumburiZe;<br />
krebulis meoTxe nakveTSi warmodgenilia iv. gigineiSvilis,<br />
al. WinWaraulisa da T. oCiauris werilebi `baxtrionis~ enobrivi<br />
Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
krebuls erTvis s. yubaneiSvilis mier Sedgenili bibliografia.<br />
n.f.
vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema<br />
(monografiuli gamocema)<br />
Tb., 1975<br />
aRniSnuli wigni Sedgeba oTxi nawilisagan. pirveli nawili<br />
gr. kiknaZis narkvevia, `vaJa-fSavelas xuTi poema~, romelSic<br />
avtori mimoixilavs poetis sxva poemebsac (`giglia~, `monadire~,<br />
`sisxlis Zieba~, da sxva). mkvlevris azriT, vaJa simbolizmis<br />
warmomadgenelia. igi mimoixilavs saanalizod aRebuli poemebis<br />
teqstis dadgenis istorias. miuTiTebs, rom bevri detali<br />
nebsiT Tu uneblieT aris Secvlili, meore nawilSi mocemulia<br />
vaJas xuTi poemis teqsti.<br />
wignis mesame nawilSi _ `stili. poetika~ _ warmodgenilia<br />
g.buaCiZis, gr. farulavas, ak. xinTibiZisa da sxvaTa narkvevebi.<br />
es werilebi exeba xuTive poemis tropis saxeebs (Sedareba, epi-<br />
Teti, metafora, gapirovneba, poemebis evfoniur mxares (ritmi,<br />
riTma), avtoris enis xalxurobas.<br />
wignis meoTxe nawili moicavs leqsikons, komentarebs, Ziri-<br />
Tad literaturas. yovelive amas axlavs reziume rusul enaze,<br />
xolo sarCevi qarTulsa da rusul enebzea Sedgenili.<br />
st.<br />
vaJa-fSavelas xsovnisadmi miZRvnili krebuli<br />
Tsu gamomcemloba, Tb. 1966<br />
krebuli eZRvneba vaJa-fSavelas gardacvalebis 50-e wlis-<br />
Tavs. masSi warmodgenilia qarTveli, rusi da ukraineli literaturaTmcodneebis,<br />
agreTve xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis<br />
warmomadgenelTa samecniero da popularuli naSromebi. krebuli<br />
Sedgeba eqvsi nawilisgan. romelTac uZRvis gr. kiknaZisa da<br />
n. asaTianis samecniero werilebi. gr. kiknaZis naSromSi `vaJas<br />
fenomeni~ ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelas cxovrebiseuli detalebi,<br />
romlebic mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi biografiisaTvis mniSvnelo-<br />
311
as iZens. gamokvlevaSi saubaria agreTve poeturi tardiciebisa<br />
da stiluri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. n. asTiani warmoadgens mravalmxriv<br />
samecniero gamokvlevas, romelSic warmodgenilia fSavis<br />
kulturuli, ekonomikuri, socialuri, geografiul-administraciuli<br />
diaqroniuli suraTi.<br />
krebulis pirvel nawilSi warmodgenilia ucxoeli mecnierebis<br />
rusulenovani samecniero gamokvlevebi. p. berkovi Tavis<br />
statiaSi mogviTxrobs sakuTari damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb<br />
vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebisadmi. mkvlevari mimoixilavs mwerlis<br />
esTetikis mimarTebas folklorTan, saubrobs keTilisa da<br />
borotis maradiuli problemis asaxvaze vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
igi sainteresod aanalizebs aRazas gancdebs poemaSi<br />
`stumar-maspinZeli~. `gvelismWamelis~ ganxilvisas mecnieri<br />
gamoTqvams mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom mindias TviTmkvleloba,<br />
romelic mtris gamarjvebis fonze xdeba, ar SeiZleba<br />
codvis gamosyidvad iqnas miCneuli. d. blagoi saubrobs kavkasiis<br />
Tematikaze puSkinis SemoqmedebaSi. igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs<br />
sazogadoebisa da humanisti, martosuli gmiris dapirispirebis<br />
motivebze puSkinisa da vaJa-fSavelas TxzulebebSi.<br />
amasTanave, mimoixilavs qarTveli mwerlis calkeul gamonaTqvamebs<br />
puSkinis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. e. kiriliukis, b. meilaxisa<br />
da b. reizovis samecniero gamokvlevebSi ganxiluli problemebi<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiT memkvidreobas ar exeba,<br />
Tumca isini miZRvnilia mwerlis xsovnisadmi.<br />
krebulis meore nawilSi warmodgenilia qarTveli mecnierebis<br />
statiebi vaJa-fSavelas mxatvruli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb. m.<br />
zandukelis samecniero gamokvleva eZRvneba sizmris funqcias<br />
vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi. mkvlevari mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
sizmrebis stilisturi analizis safuZvelze miiCnevs, rom sxva<br />
mwerlebisagan gansxvavebiT, vaJa-fSavelas teqstebSi sizmars<br />
ara mxatvruli, aramed TavisTavadi datvirTva aqvs. ak. gawerelias<br />
gamokvleva exeba vaJa-fSavelas teqstebis qarTul mi-<br />
312
TosTan mimarTebis sakiTxs. mkvlevari aanalizebs miTologiur<br />
elementebs vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi da saubrobs maT genezisze.<br />
gr. kiknaZe ganixilavs froidis fsiqoanalizis gamoyenebis<br />
marTebulobis sakiTxs vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis kvlevisas<br />
da amtkicebs, rom am Teoriis universalur literaturul<br />
meTodad aRiareba meTodologiurad gaumarTlebelia. p. bera-<br />
Zis samecniero gamokvlevis sagania vaJa-fSavelas strofika.<br />
mkvlevari saubrobs ritmul da enobriv sakiTxebze, aanalizebs<br />
calkeul teqstebs da gamoyofs maTSi im metrul Taviseburebebs,<br />
romelic mwerlis poezias ganasxvavebs xalxuri Semoqmedebisgan.<br />
l. menabdis werilSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelas damokidebuleba<br />
Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisa da mwerlebis mimarT,<br />
Sekrebilia citatebi, romlebic vaJas aqvs damowmebuli Zveli<br />
da axali aRTqmidan, gaanalizebulia mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Tematika (gmirebi, movlenebi). didi<br />
adgili eTmoba mwerlis `vefxistyaosnisadmi~ damokidebulebis<br />
sakiTxze msjelobas. c. SariqaZis werilSi vaJa-fSavelas poezia<br />
ganxilulia akaki wereTlis poeturi memkvidreobis konteqstSi.<br />
mkvlevari aRmoaCens mniSvnelovan msgavsebebs akakis poezias-<br />
Tan, rac garkveul etapze vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiT gavlenebs<br />
warmoaCens. n. tabiZis gamokvleva exeba vaJa-fSavelas, rogorc<br />
polemistis ostatobas. mkvlevari ganixilavs mwerlis<br />
publicistur memkvidreobas, ris safuZvelzec miiCnevs, rom<br />
vaJa-fSavela, rogorc polemisti, gamoirCeva maRali profesiuli<br />
eTikiT. igi fokusirebulia mxolod problemis da ara<br />
calkeul pirovnebaTa kritikaze. b. foCxuas werilSi ganxilulia<br />
vaJa-fSavelas leqsikis wvlili qarTuli enis ganmartebiT<br />
leqsikonSi. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli<br />
saliteraturo ena dafuZnebulia swored ilias, akakisa da vaJafSavelas<br />
leqsikur fondze da, Sesabamisad, Tvlis, rom vaJafSavelas<br />
leqsika qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi saTanadod<br />
aris gaTvaliswinebuli. krebulSi warmodgenilia al. Win-<br />
313
Waraulis ori samecniero gamokvleva. erT-erTi exeba xevsuruli<br />
dialeqtis arsebobis sakiTxs vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom mwerlis eTnografiul-publicistur<br />
werilebSi mis mxatvrul teqstebTan SedarebiT dialeqti<br />
avTenturad aris SenarCunebuli. mecnieris meore statia eZRvneba<br />
mwerlis zogierTi fsevdonimis problemas. mkvlevari<br />
ganixilavs maTs warmomavlobas da gamoarkvevs, rom ramdenime<br />
maTgani realurad arsebuli pirebis saxelebia. T. oCiauris<br />
werilSi gaanalizebulia vaJa-fSavelas mier Sekrebili miTologiuri<br />
gadmocemebi, gansazRvrulia mwerlis Rvawli qarTuli<br />
miTosis Seswavlis saqmeSi, ramdenadac vaJa-fSavela ara<br />
mxolod Semgroveblis, aramed ramdenime sakiTxis mecnierulad<br />
gaazrebis magaliTsac iZleva. s. xuciSvilis da v. Jvanias gamokvlevebSi<br />
warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas biografiuli cnobebi. s.<br />
xuciSvili eyrdnoba samson fircxalavas `mogonebaTa wigns~,<br />
xolo v. Jvania _ axlad mopovebul masalebs, ris Sedegadac<br />
azustebs zogierT, manamde bundovan sakiTxs mwerlis biografiidan.<br />
statiebSi Sekrebilia mwerlis cxovrebiseuli da misi<br />
literaturuli saqmianobis amsaxveli informacia.<br />
mesame nawilSi warmodgenili samecniero-popularuli statiebi<br />
gvawvdis informacias, Tu rogor aris aTvisebuli mwerlis<br />
mxatvruli memkvidreoba qarTuli Teatris, musikis, kinoxelovnebisa<br />
da saganmanaTleblo sistemis mier.<br />
meoTxe nawilSi warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas Targmanebis<br />
samecniero analizi. winaTqmaSi T. Cxenkeli zogadad da sqematurad<br />
mimoixilavs mwerlis mTargmnelobiT meTods. samecniero<br />
gamokvlevebSi ganxilulia vaJa-fSavelaseuli Targmanebis<br />
enobrivi, stiluri, redaqciuli da wyaroebTan mimarTebis<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
mexuTe nawilSi warmodgenilia vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebis<br />
Targmanebis analizi. samecniero gamokvlevebSi saubaria Targmanebis<br />
Rirsebebsa da xarvezebze; stilur saSualebebze, enob-<br />
314
iv variaciebze, Targmnis istoriebsa da originalTan mimarTebis<br />
sakiTxebze.<br />
meeqvse TavSi warmodgenilia vl. minaSvilis samecniero werili<br />
`vaJa-fSavelas TxzulebaTa ukanaskneli gamocemebis gamo~.<br />
mkvlevari mimoixilavs SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli<br />
literaturis institutis mier momzadebul akademiur gamocemebs<br />
(1961 w., 1964 w..), romlebsac adarebs avtografebsa da<br />
pirvelnabeWd wyaroebs, Seaqvs koreqtivebi rogorc mxatvrul,<br />
aseve publicistur teqstebSi.<br />
krebuls erTvis vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebis gamocemebisa<br />
da masze arsebuli qarTuli da ucxoenovani samecniero literaturis<br />
bibliografia, romelic dalagebulia qronologiuri<br />
principiT (Semdg.: T. nakaSiZe); agreTve, mwerlis TxzulebaTa da<br />
mis Sesaxeb arsebuli somxuri da azerbaijanuli samecniero literaturis<br />
bibliografia (Semdg.: l. meliqseT-begi da s. xuciSvili).<br />
krebuls axlavs katalogi `vaJa-fSavela qarTul saxviT<br />
xelovnebaSi~ (Semdg.: m. karbelaSvili da l. SaniZe), informacia<br />
vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis saqmianobis Sesaxeb da statiebis<br />
anotaciebi rusul da inglisur enebze.<br />
z.c.<br />
kai yma, mogonebebi vaJa-fSavelaze<br />
(Seadgines m. beJitaZem da s. caiSvilma)<br />
Tb., 1986<br />
qarTuli literatura arcTu ise mdidaria memuaruli literaturiT.<br />
aseTi tipis literaturasTan axlos dgas da, samwuxarod,<br />
siuxviT ar gamoirCeva mogonebebi qarTvel mwerlebsa da<br />
sazogado moRvaweebze.<br />
wigni erT-erTia seriidan `mogonebani qarTvel mwerlebze~,<br />
romelsac aqveynebs gamomcemloba `merani~ da eZRvneba vaJa-<br />
315
fSavelas dabadebis 125 wlisTavs. krebulSi Setanili masalebi<br />
ibeWdeba SemoklebiT.<br />
krebuls win uZRvis s. caiSvilis Sesavali werili `vaJafSavela<br />
TanamedroveTa xsovnaSi~. wignSi Tavmoyrilia TiTqmis<br />
6 aTeuli mogoneba. masala raodenobrivad arcTu ise cotaa,<br />
magram, cxadia, yvela Tanabari Rirebulebis ar aris. mogonebebis<br />
dalagebisas uaryofilia raime saxis Tematuri principi,<br />
radgan am SemTxvevaSi bevri mogoneba Tematuri CarCos miRma<br />
darCeboda. TiToeul maTgans damoukidebeli saxe aqvs da warmoaCens<br />
avtoris damokidebulebas didi Tanamedrovisadmi.<br />
redaqtori moerida sworebas, Tumca mexsierebiT aRdgenil<br />
bevr mogonebaSi SeimCneva aSkara uzustoba. zogi TiTqmis<br />
legenduri xasiaTisaa, magram mainc mizanSewonilad CaiTvala<br />
maTi dabeWdva. mogonebaTa avtorebi arian rogorc cnobili<br />
mwerlebi, mecnierebi, sazogado moRvaweebi, ise poetis axloblebi,<br />
mezoblebi, Tanamokalmeni da, ubralod, Tanamedroveni.<br />
avtorebi anbanis rigze arian gawyobilni. mkiTxveli gaecnoba<br />
ak. wereTlis, daviT kldiaSvilis, eqvTime TayaiSvilis, niko<br />
kecxovelis, art. laistis, i. mansvetaSvilis, S. mRvimelis, m. safarovas,<br />
ak. SaniZisa da sxvaTa mogonebebs.<br />
krebuls axlavs m. beJitaZis mier Sedgenili mokle cnobari,<br />
romelSic miTiTebulia pirvelwyaroebi. kerZod, Tu sad inaxeba<br />
xelnaweri an romeli nabeWdi teqsti udevs safuZvlad krebulSi<br />
warmodgenil masalas.<br />
n.f.<br />
316
vaJa-fSavelas krebuli, I<br />
red., gr. kiknaZe, Tsu, 1970<br />
krebulis pirvel nawilSi dabeWdilia j. WumburiZis, i.<br />
evgeniZis, l. sulxaniSvilisa da d. wowkolauris werilebi. mki-<br />
Txveli saintereso informacias miiRebs yvela im publikaciisa<br />
Tu gamoxmaurebis Sesaxeb, romlebic vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb<br />
gamoqveynda revoluciamdel qarTul kritikaSi; gaecnoba<br />
mwerlis SemoqmedebiT `laboratorias~, Seityobs, rogor iqmneboda<br />
sayovelTaod cnobili Sedevrebi; Tvals gaadevnebs vaJas<br />
weris stilis Taviseburebebs da Seityobs, rogoraa dasmuli da<br />
gadaWrili `baxtrionisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ wyaroTa saki-<br />
Txi folkloristikaSi.<br />
krebulis meore nawilSi SemoTavazebulia n. abesaZis, l. avalianis,<br />
l. grigolaSvilis, m. karbelaSvilis, n. kotrikaZis, T.<br />
koplataZis, s. yubaneiSvilisa da n. wereTlis werilebi. maTSi<br />
dainteresebuli mkiTxveli gaecnoba vaJas Targmanebis avkargs.<br />
statiebSi dakvirvebis sagnadaa qceuli vaJas poemebis<br />
mTargmnelTa _ derJavinis, ivnevis, cvetaevas, serebriakovis,<br />
zabolockis, spaskisa da sxvaTa Rvawli.<br />
krebulis mesame nawils xsnis l. WrelaSvilis statia `vaJafSavelas<br />
miviwyebuli publikaciebi~. aqvea moTavsebuli e.w.<br />
enobrivi formulebis leqsikoni. es am tipis masalis moZiebis<br />
pirveli cdaa. masala amokrebilia vaJa-fSavelas xuTtomeulidan<br />
(1961); dalocvisa da wyevlis formulebi anbanis rigze<br />
gaawyves izabela zaaliSvilma da cisana wiqariSvilma. leqsikons<br />
wamZRvarebuli aqvs farnaoz erTeliSvilis winasityva.<br />
krebuli mieZRvna pof. mix. zandukelis xsovnas.<br />
z.c.<br />
317
318<br />
vaJa-fSavelas krebuli, II<br />
Tsu, 1982<br />
krebuli eZRvneba vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis damaarseblisa da<br />
xelmZRvanelis, grigol kiknaZis dabadebis 70 wlisTavs. krebuls<br />
win uZRvis redaqtoris, j. WumburiZis, Sesavali werili,<br />
romelSic saubaria vaJas mudmivmoqmedi seminaris muSaobis<br />
Sesaxeb. Semdeg ki dabeWdilia grigol kiknaZis vrceli narkvevi<br />
`qarTuli xelovnebis niadagTan~.<br />
krebulSi warmodgenilia i. evgeniZis, v. minaSvilis, s. Jordanias,<br />
l. grigolaSvilis. d. wowkolauris, m. beJitaZis, s. yubaneSvilis,<br />
l. avalianis, al. WinWaraulis, f. makalaTias, n. kontriZis,<br />
r. xvedeliZis, p. xubutias werilebi. maTSi avtorebi<br />
exebian iseT mniSvnelovan da aqtualur sakiTxebs, rogoricaa<br />
vaJas `simReraTa~ specifika da buneba, aleqsandre yazbegisa da<br />
vaJas urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi, poeturi xatebis sakiTxi,<br />
vaJas poemaTa fabulis originaloba, SurisZiebis motivebi vaJas<br />
SemoqmedebaSi; vaJa `iveriis~ furclebze _ polemika daviT<br />
soslanTan; mkiTxveli gaenoba cisferyanwelTa TvaliT danaxul<br />
vaJas, mis TxzulebaTa axal rusulenovan Targmanebs da a.S.<br />
krebuli gvawvdis cnobebs vaJas zogierTi ucnobi nawarmoebis<br />
Sesaxeb. aqve warmodgenilia mwerlis erTi personaJis saxelis<br />
etimologia da Carglis toponimika; ori werili exeba vaJa<br />
fSavelas TxzulebaTa Targmanebs rusulsa da ukrainul enebze;<br />
krebuls Tan erTvis mogonebebi vaJaze da recenzia gr. kiknaZis<br />
wignze `literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi~ ( i. evgeniZe,<br />
l. minaSvili).<br />
z.c.
vaJas krebuli, III<br />
Tsu, 1991, red. j. WumburiZe (395 gverdi)<br />
krebuli eZRvneba vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis damaarseblisa da<br />
xelmZRvanelis, grigol kiknaZis dabadebis 80 wlisTavs. krebuls<br />
win uZRvis redaqtoris Sesavali werili, Semdeg ki dabeWdilia<br />
grigol kiknaZis vrceli narkvevi `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~.<br />
masSi sruliad axali argumentaciis safuZvelze sistemuri<br />
saxe aqvs micemuli vaJas Semoqmedebidan momdinare problemebze<br />
msjelobas.<br />
krebulSi dabeWdil werilebSi mocemulia vaJa-fSavelas<br />
Semoqmedebis rogorc saerTo daxasiaTeba, ise mwerlis SemoqmedebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis analizi. ker-<br />
Zod, d. wowkolauris werilSi ganxilulia sindisis, xolo m. be-<br />
JitaZis werilSi _ SurisZiebis motivebi vaJas poemebSi. i. evgeniZis<br />
statiaSi daxasiaTebulia mwerlisa da sazogadoebrivi<br />
azris urTierTmimarTebis zogierTi aspeqti. k. gewaZe aSuqebs<br />
vaJas dramaturgiul interesebs. l. minaSvilis werilSi saubaria<br />
vaJas poemis, `ivane kotoraSvilis~, ekranizaciis Sesaxeb.<br />
g.javaxiSvilis werilSi axleburadaa gaazrebuli vaJas leqsis,<br />
`arCilianis~, Sinaarsi. al. WinWaraulma Tavis satatiaSi gaarkvia<br />
zogierTi sityvis (qorbudiani, TeTri qora xari) etimologia.<br />
l. TeTruaSvilma ki ganixila vaJas TxzulebaTa Targmnis<br />
sakiTxi germanul enaze. al. quTaTelaZe gvTavazobs mwerlis<br />
faunuri samyaros warmomadgenelTa daxasiaTebas da Tvlis,<br />
rom aucilebelia maTi saxelebis adekvaturad gadatana rusul<br />
enaze.<br />
krebulSi ibeWdeba saarqivo masala. kerZod, ip. varTagavas<br />
`Cemi dagvianebuli pasuxi vaJa-fSavelas~, romelic exeba literaturis<br />
Teoriis zogierT aspeqts. sergo zaqariaZis arqividan<br />
amokrebili masala ki vaJas cxovrebis calkeul epizodebs<br />
hfens naTels.<br />
319
krebulSi yuradRebas iqcevs i. evgeniZisa da vl. minaSvilis<br />
werili, romelSic daxasiaTebuli grigol kiknaZe, rogorc<br />
vaJa-fSavelas mkvlevari. krebulis bolo nawilSi dabeWdilia<br />
vaJa-fSavelas TxzulebaTa da misi Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb arsebuli<br />
literaturis bibliografia (1980-1085), romelic d. wowkolaurma<br />
Seadgina.<br />
n.f.<br />
320<br />
IV. leqsikoni<br />
vaJa-fSaeelas mcire leqsikoni<br />
(Semdgeneli aleqsi WinWarauli, red. arn. Ciqobava)<br />
eZRvneba Tsu 50 wlisTavs<br />
Tsu,1969<br />
gamocema ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis tips miekuTvneba. leqsikons<br />
erTvis redaqtoris, arnold Ciqobavas, winasityvaoba,<br />
sadac mecnieri saubrobs gamocemisa da Sesrulebuli kvlevebis<br />
didmniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb. aqve mimoxilulia qarTveli klasikosebis<br />
leqsika-frazeologiis mecnieruli Seswavlis Tanamedrove<br />
mdgomareoba.<br />
meore winastyvaobis avtoria Tavad leqikonis Semdgeneli,<br />
romelic mimoixilavs winamorbedi mecnierebis mier am mimarTulebiT<br />
warmarTul saqmianobas. a. WinWarauli, aseve, gagvacnobs<br />
vaJa-fSavelas teqstis dadgenis istoriebs sxvadasxva, popularuli<br />
Tu akademiuri, gamocemebis momzadebisas. winasityvaobaSi<br />
Semdgeneli saubrobs im ZiriTad principebze, ris mixedviTac<br />
aris sistematizebuli saleqsikono erTeulebi. Semdgeneli<br />
azustebs zogierT gamonakliss, raTa momxmarebeli gaarkvios<br />
specialur SemTxvevebSi.
leqsikoni moicavs 6615 saleqsikono erTeuls. masSi gaerTianebulia<br />
yvela metyvelebis nawili, zmnebi mocemulia awmyo<br />
drois mxolobiTi ricxvis fuZis saxiT. leqsikoni dokumentirebulia,<br />
ganmartebebs erTvis TiTo an meti winadadeba Sesabamisi<br />
nawarmoebis konteqstidan, teqstis saTauris miTiTebiT.<br />
Semdgeneli definirebisas eyrdnoba akaki SaniZis, qarTuli enis<br />
ganmartebiTi leqsikonisa da Tavad mwerlis ganmartebebs. leqsikonSi<br />
xSirad damxmare sailustracio masalebia mocemuli.<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs wes-CveulebaTa, ritualebis<br />
aRmniSvneli erTeulebi, romelTa Sesaxeb leqsikonSi<br />
saintereso informaciebia Sekrebili.<br />
leqsikonis ZiriTad nawils darTuli aqvs SemoklebaTa ganmarteba,<br />
agreTve, adamianebisa da cxovelTa sakuTari saxelebi,<br />
geografiuli saxelebi da bolos, vaJa-fSavelas teqstebis<br />
gamocemebis uzustobebis CamonaTvali saTanado marTebuli<br />
formebiTurT.<br />
z.c.<br />
321
a. a. (ix. arabuli amiran)<br />
abaSeli aleqsandre 250, 258<br />
abaSiZe grigol 249, 307<br />
abaSiZe irakli 258<br />
abaSiZe kita 263, 267, 268, 303,<br />
305, 309<br />
abesaZe n. 317<br />
abzianiZe giorgi 249,<br />
abzianiZe zaza 39<br />
abulaZe iustine 80, 81, 82<br />
avaliani lali 317, 318<br />
akaki (ix. wereTeli akaki)<br />
akermani n. 254<br />
akofovi abrama 211<br />
alania nodar 250<br />
aleqsandrieli filon (ix.<br />
filon aleqsandrieli)<br />
aleqsi-mesxiSvili lado 60<br />
amilaxvari oTar 44, 45<br />
amirejibi Salva 307<br />
arabuli amiran 151, 248,264<br />
aristotele 110, 111, 299<br />
artemidorosi 133<br />
asaTiani guram 71, 103, 118, 119,<br />
120, 125, 247, 248, 265, 266<br />
asaTiani n. 311, 312<br />
afxaiZe SoTa 258<br />
aRniaSvili lado 42<br />
axmatova ana 170<br />
axnazarovi artem 51<br />
baraTaSvili nikoloz 106,<br />
116,118, 166, 170, 271<br />
baramiZe aleqsandre 304<br />
barbaqaZe Tamar 76<br />
bardaveliZe jondo <strong>150</strong><br />
barnovi guram 306<br />
barnovi vasil 275, 307<br />
barti rolan 93<br />
baqraZe akaki 173<br />
baqraZe giorgi 208<br />
baSliari gaston 80<br />
baCana (ix. razikaSvili niko)<br />
322<br />
pirTa saZiebeli<br />
beThoveni ludvig van 7, 191<br />
bekoni 112<br />
beliaSvili akaki 307<br />
belinski besarion 297<br />
benaSvili dimitri 76, 82, 113,<br />
114, 249, 267beJitaSvili m. 298<br />
beJitaZe marina 315, 316, 318, 319<br />
beraZe p. 313<br />
berkovi p. 312<br />
beti uiliam bitler 270<br />
bexeri iohanes 169<br />
bzvaneli lado 307<br />
bidermani g. 127, 143<br />
blagoi d. 312<br />
botkoveli q. 254<br />
bocvaZe ioseb 268, 308, 309<br />
bocvaZe luarsab 309<br />
bojgua g. 249<br />
bregaZe konstantine 123<br />
bregaZe levan 169, 172, 177<br />
brokhauzi 108, 114<br />
buaCiZe gaston 8, 269<br />
buberi m. 86, 103<br />
buda 234, 236<br />
buqurauli ivane 41, 50<br />
gabidauri 40<br />
gagua xuta 249<br />
gamsaxurdia zviad 81, 82<br />
gamsaxurdia konstantine 117,<br />
125, 140, 228, 258, 262, 270, 307<br />
gandegili (ix. erisTavi<br />
dominika)<br />
garsevaniSvili aleqsandre 43<br />
gafrindaSvili valerian 24, 258,<br />
307<br />
gaCeCilaZe a. 287<br />
gawerelia akaki 78, 82, 119, 120,<br />
121, 125, 173, 271, 307, 312<br />
gewaZe klara 319<br />
gigineiSvili ivane 310<br />
giorgi (ix. razikaSvili giorgi)
gogebaSvili iakob 209<br />
gogoli nikalai 296<br />
goderZi 243<br />
goeTe iohan volfgang 117, 118,<br />
144, 232, 239, 240, 241, 279, 297,<br />
298, 299<br />
goTua levan 307<br />
gomarTeli ivane 267, 268, 309<br />
gomelauri ivane 309<br />
gorgaZe i. 252<br />
grigolaSvili laura 317, 318<br />
griSaSvili ioseb 307<br />
gruzinski petre 198<br />
gulqani (ix. razikaSvili<br />
gulqan)<br />
gunia valerian 112<br />
guramiSvili daviT 185, 300<br />
daviT soslani 318<br />
danelia sergi 107, 113, 114, 118,<br />
125, 267, 272, 293<br />
demuria mariam 52<br />
derJavini 317<br />
didebaSvili giorgi 56<br />
didebaSvili Tamar 56, 57<br />
diumezili J. 126, 143<br />
doborjginiZe beno 272<br />
dumbaZe dimitri 208<br />
dutu megreli (ix. xoStaria<br />
dimitri)<br />
egoraSvili l. 254<br />
evgeniZe iuza 71, 105, 114, 247,<br />
257, 258, 274, 275, 306, 307 317, 318,<br />
319, 320<br />
evdoSvili irodion 50<br />
evripide 131, 132<br />
ekalaZe ia 307<br />
endleri adolf 169<br />
epikure 112<br />
erbi elke 169<br />
erTeliSvili farnaoz 317<br />
erisTavi dominika 161<br />
erisTavi rafiel 181, 183, 308<br />
esenini sergei 170<br />
esqile 131, 132<br />
euli sandro 254<br />
efroni 108, 114<br />
e. C. (ix. CikvaiZe eka)<br />
vainerti erix 170<br />
vaiskopfi franc karli 170<br />
vaJa-fSavela 7, 8, 11, 39, 40, 41,42,<br />
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,<br />
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,<br />
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,<br />
73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83,<br />
84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 94, 97, 98, 99,<br />
101, 102, 104, 105, 107, 112, 113,<br />
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,<br />
121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 131,<br />
137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146,<br />
148, <strong>150</strong>, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156,<br />
157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,<br />
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,<br />
171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178,179,<br />
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,<br />
188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195,<br />
196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202,<br />
203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,<br />
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,<br />
218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225,<br />
226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 238,<br />
239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245,<br />
247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254,<br />
255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,<br />
262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268,<br />
269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,<br />
276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282,<br />
283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,<br />
290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296,<br />
297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303,<br />
304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310,<br />
311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317,<br />
318, 319, 320, 321<br />
varazaSvili S. 275<br />
varTagava ipolite 268, 303, 309,<br />
319<br />
vasaZe Tamaz 103, 276<br />
vl. b.-Ze 309<br />
zaaliSvili izabela 317<br />
zabolocki 317<br />
323
zandukeli mixeil 173, 267, 312,<br />
317<br />
zaqariZe sergo 319<br />
z. c. (ix. cxadaia zoia)<br />
TaTaraiZe eTer 259<br />
Tamari (ix. razikaSvili Tamar)<br />
TayaiSvili eqvTime 316<br />
Tedo (ix. razikaSvili Tedo), 301<br />
TeTruaSvili leila 113, 115,<br />
118, 125, 298, 319<br />
TvalWreliZe T. 248<br />
TvaraZe revaz 71, 120<br />
iakobi (ix. gogebaSvili iakob)<br />
iakobi (bibliuri) 217<br />
iaSvili paolo 39, 62, 208, 307<br />
ivnevi 317<br />
izaSvili T. 306<br />
ilia (ix. WavWavaZe ilia)<br />
imedaSvili ioseb 50, 52, 62, 291,<br />
309<br />
imnaiSvili i. 301<br />
ieso 65, 69<br />
ioane mociquli 91, 114<br />
ioane naTlismcemeli 69<br />
ioane oqropiri 65, 69<br />
ioane Rvismetyveli 72<br />
isaki 217<br />
iungi karl gustav 133<br />
kavTeli i. (ix. jajanaSvili<br />
ivane)<br />
kalandariSvili gulnara 145,<br />
149, <strong>150</strong>, 173, 300, 305<br />
kalandariSvili eliso 63<br />
kandelaki tarasi 202, 204, 205<br />
kanti emanuil 112<br />
karbelaSvili mariam 315, 317<br />
kasraZe daviT 309<br />
kaSia janri 277<br />
kvataia manana 104<br />
kvaWantiraZe manana 83, 119, 125<br />
kveselava mixeil 117, 120, 125,<br />
279<br />
kvitaiSvili emzar 251, 299, 307<br />
324<br />
kekeliZe korneli 271<br />
kecxoveli niko 250, 316<br />
kiknaZe grigol 71, 104, 114, 115,<br />
120, 137, 143, 153, 173, 257, 280,<br />
281, 282, 283, 293, 306, 310, 311,<br />
313, 317, 318, 319, 320<br />
kiknaZe zurab 71, 148, 149, <strong>150</strong>,<br />
273, 291<br />
kiplingi rediar 119, 125<br />
kiriliuki e. 312<br />
kirioni (ix. saZagliSvili<br />
kirion)<br />
kirSi rainer 169, 171, 173, 175,<br />
176, 177<br />
kitsi jon 170<br />
kldiaSvili daviT 275, 307, 316<br />
kontriZe n. 318<br />
koplataZe T. 317<br />
kotetiSvili vaxtang 220, 250,<br />
284, 285<br />
kotrikaZe n. 317<br />
kupreiSvili nona 116<br />
kuraspetiani e. 248<br />
kurdRelaSvili niko 50<br />
kusraSvili rusudan 306<br />
laisti artur 49, 260, 316<br />
laiSvili n. 254<br />
laSa-giorgi 186<br />
l. b. (ix. bregaZe levan)<br />
lebaniZe murman 249<br />
levani (ix. razikaSvili levan)<br />
levi-strosi klod 107, 273<br />
leTodiani ana 175, 178<br />
leiti uiliam 288<br />
leoniZe giorgi 42, 249, 258, 297,<br />
304, 307<br />
leoniZe niko 42<br />
lesingi gothold efraim 299<br />
lifSici 273<br />
lobJaniZe mixeil 210<br />
lomiZe gaga 73, 75<br />
londoni jek 228<br />
losevi aleqsei 273
maTiaSvili mariam 211<br />
maTureli aleqsandre 208<br />
makalaTia sergi 120, 121, 125<br />
makalaTia f. 318<br />
mandelStami osip 116, 121, 125,<br />
170<br />
mani Tomas 228<br />
mania esma 195<br />
mansvetaSvili iakob 49, 62, 198,<br />
199, 268, 308316<br />
marTa (ix. razikaSvili marTa)<br />
mariam dedofali 80<br />
mariami (ix. razikaSvili mariam)<br />
mari niko 76, 278, 286, 304, 306<br />
maxaraSvili T. 248<br />
mgalobliSvili sofrom 42, 258<br />
megreliZe d. 306, 307<br />
meilaxi b. 312<br />
meletinski e. 273<br />
melqiseT-beki levan 315<br />
menabde levan 313<br />
mesxi sergei 43<br />
mTvareliZe murad 251<br />
midasi 260<br />
minaSvili vladimer 288, 289,<br />
297, 300, 301, 302, 306, 307, 315,<br />
318, 319, 320<br />
mirianaSvili 51, 303<br />
mirianaSvili petre 285, 308<br />
miuleri vilhelm 170<br />
miqaberiZe aleqsandre 53<br />
moemi somerset 210<br />
molodinaSvili Wrela 243<br />
mociquli ioane (ix. ioane<br />
mociquli)<br />
mrevliSvili nana 248, 263, 274,<br />
287, 290, 292, 302<br />
muhamedi 112, 234, 236<br />
mRvimeli Sio 42, 50, 161, 208, 316<br />
nakaSiZe T. 252, 315<br />
nakaSiZe ilia 268, 303, 309<br />
nakaSiZe nino 234, 307<br />
nanaZe v. 254<br />
nar-doni 309<br />
nebieriZe ekaterine 44, 45, 48, 54,<br />
55, 56, 57, 243<br />
niko (ix. razikaSvili niko)<br />
nicSe fridrix 123<br />
n. m. (ix. mrevliSvili nana)<br />
n. f. (ix. fruiZe nana)<br />
oniansi r. 127<br />
orbeliani aleqsandre 79<br />
orbeliani grigol 170, 271<br />
orbeliani saSa 198<br />
orbeliani sulxan-saba 8, 105<br />
oqropiri ioane (ix. ioane<br />
oqropiri<br />
oCiauri TinaTin 314<br />
pavle mociquli 65, 66, 72<br />
papava akaki 112, 307<br />
paraskeva 40<br />
petriaanT luka 243<br />
platoni 110, 112, 229<br />
prusti marsel 269<br />
puSkini aleqsandr 297, 312<br />
JamieraSvili (JamieraanT) pavle<br />
243<br />
Jvania v. 314<br />
Jirari rene 130, 143<br />
Jordania s. 318<br />
radiani Salva 293<br />
razikaSvili giorgi 40, 160,<br />
razikaSvili gulqan 55, 62, 165,<br />
259<br />
razikaSvili vaxtang 261<br />
razikaSvili Tamar 48, 54, 199<br />
razikaSvili Tedo 41, 54, 251,<br />
razikaSvili levan 54, 55, 199, 209<br />
razikaSvili luka (ix. vaJafSavela)<br />
razikaSvili marTa 41<br />
razikaSvili mariam 54<br />
razikaSvili mixa 41<br />
razikaSvili niko 40, 41,43, 56, 57,<br />
161, 183, 251, 255, 258, 306<br />
325
azikaSvili pavle 40, 200, 201,<br />
217<br />
razikaSvili sandro 41, 50, 208,<br />
ramiSvili klara 254<br />
ramiSvili d. 305<br />
ratiani irma 104, 115<br />
rafaeli (arqimandriti) 275<br />
reizovi b. 312<br />
robaqiZe grigol 57, 76, 94, 98,<br />
105, 106, 112, 114, 115, 116, 120,<br />
123, 125, 219, 220, 257, 262, 293, 307<br />
rolani romen 269<br />
rusTaveli SoTa (ix. SoTa<br />
rusTaveli)<br />
ruso Jan Jak 269<br />
rcxilaZe grigol 291<br />
saba (ix. orbeliani sulxan-saba)<br />
sadaRaSvili c. 254<br />
savle (ix. pavle mociquli)<br />
saiTiZe gela 251<br />
samonovi 59<br />
samsoni 218<br />
sanaZe leila 307<br />
sandro (ix. razikaSvili sandro)<br />
sapatova t. 254<br />
safarova mako 316<br />
saZagliSvili kirion 202, 203,<br />
204, 205, 206<br />
severini 234, 235<br />
semionovi dimitri 42, 43<br />
serebriakovi 317<br />
servantesi 297<br />
siraZe revaz 71, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80,<br />
82, 173<br />
sixaruliZe qsenia 305<br />
sokrate 109, 112, 252<br />
soslani daviT (ix. daviT<br />
soslani)<br />
sofokle 131, 132, 148<br />
spaski 317<br />
sulxaniSvili leila 268, 285,<br />
288, 306 317<br />
sulxaniSvili niko 261<br />
stivensi uoles 93, 253<br />
326<br />
tabiZe galaktion 170, 271, 307<br />
tabiZe nodar 313<br />
tabiZe tician 120, 258, 275, 303,<br />
307<br />
tolstoi lev 297<br />
tresideri jek 127, 143<br />
uilraiti f. 93<br />
urbneli (ix. xizaniSvili niko)<br />
faliaSvili zaqaria 271<br />
farulava griver 311<br />
faSaliSvili siko 208<br />
feraZe ilia 309<br />
filon aleqsandrieli 111<br />
fircxalava samson 296<br />
foCxua b. 313<br />
frobeniusi l. 123<br />
froidi zigmund 223, 313, 281,<br />
282<br />
fruiZe nana 247, 252, 253, 254, 255,<br />
257, 261, 262, 265, 271, 272, 276,<br />
277, 286, 287, 295, 296, 298, 306,<br />
307, 310, 316, 320<br />
furcelaZe anton 198<br />
furcelaZe nino 261<br />
fxikelaSvili gulqan 40<br />
qavTaraZe eTer 207<br />
qiqoZe geronti 61, 62, 117, 120,<br />
123, 125, 218, 219, 220, 222, 250, 25,<br />
271, 286, 293<br />
quTaTelaZe aleqsandre 319<br />
qurdovaniZe Teimuraz 147, <strong>150</strong>,<br />
269, 287<br />
quriZe sandro (euli sandro)<br />
quCiSvili giorgi 307<br />
q. S. (ix. Sengelia qeTevan)<br />
RvTismetyveli ioane (ix. ioane<br />
RvTismetyveli)<br />
RviniaSvili Saqro 211<br />
Rvinjilia jansuR 105, 249
yifiani mixeil (miSo) 42<br />
yazbegi aleqsandre 106, 180, 260,<br />
318<br />
yifSiZe grigol 183, 268, 308<br />
yubaneiSvili solomon 41, 43, 59,<br />
62, 253, 255, 310, 317, 318<br />
SaniZe akaki 250, 304, 316, 321<br />
SaniZe l. 315<br />
SanSiaSvili sandro 190, 208, 307<br />
SarabiZe Tamar 71, 114, 115, 274,<br />
292<br />
SariqaZe c. 313<br />
Seli persi biSi 170<br />
Sengelaia demna 258, 307<br />
Sengelia qeTevan 248, 262, 293,<br />
294<br />
ServaSiZe giorgi 307<br />
Seqspiri uiliam 170, 171, 234,<br />
236, 297<br />
Svaiceri albert 277<br />
Sipsi iohan 144<br />
SoTa rusTaveli 8, 76, 78, 79, 116,<br />
185, 247, 265, 297, 300, 315<br />
Spengleri osvald 106, 123<br />
CaxmaxaSvili irma 288<br />
CerniSevski nikoloz 297<br />
Cexovi anton 233, 234, 235, 236,<br />
237, 238<br />
Cexovi mixail 236<br />
CikvaiZe eka 248, 258, 259, 260, 266,<br />
281, 284, 285<br />
Cildsi meri 8<br />
Ciqobava arnold 285, 302, 303,<br />
320<br />
Ciqovani mixeil 289, 305<br />
Ciqovani simon 116, 120, 125, 258,<br />
307<br />
ColoyaSvili qaquca 55<br />
CxeiZe eka 144<br />
CxeiZe oTar 228, 240, 242<br />
CxeiZe rostom 148, <strong>150</strong>, 214<br />
Cxenkeli Tamaz 70, 71, 75, 90, 103,<br />
104, 107, 115, 119, 120, 122, 124,<br />
125, 141, 143, 146, <strong>150</strong>, 155, 173,<br />
290, 291, 306, 307, 314<br />
caxeli (TvalWreliZe parmen)<br />
191<br />
caiSvili s. 288, 306, 315, 316<br />
canava apolon 306<br />
canava rusudan 126, 127, 132, 140,<br />
143<br />
cvetaeva marina 317<br />
cincaZe T. 248<br />
ciskariSvili ivane 208<br />
cocaniZe giorgi 179<br />
cqifaSvili kato 58<br />
cxadaia zoia 268, 273, 300, 301,<br />
315, 317, 318, 321<br />
ZiZiguri SoTa 303<br />
wereTeli akaki 46, 60, 79, 106,<br />
125, 170, 188, 193, 209, 210, 256,<br />
258, 261, 265, 266, 275, 284, 303,<br />
307, 313, 316<br />
wereTeli n. 317<br />
wiqariSvili cisana 317<br />
wowkolauri daviT 294, 317, 318,<br />
319, 320<br />
WavWavaZe aleqsandre 15, 170,<br />
265, 275<br />
WavWavaZe ilia 8, 46, 49, 52, 60, 79,<br />
101, 106, 170, 184, 185, 188, 198,<br />
206, 209, 210, 255, 284, 292, 300,<br />
305, 307, 256, 258, 260, 265, 266, 313<br />
WeiSvili aleqsandre 99, 103, 295<br />
WeliZe vaxtang 232<br />
WilaZe Tamaz 258, 307<br />
WinWarauli aleqsi 249, 313, 314,<br />
318 , 319, 320<br />
WonqaZe daniel 297<br />
WrelaSvili levan 249, 306, 317<br />
WumburiZe zurab 249,<br />
WumburiZe jumber 105, 249, 251,<br />
267, 306, 307, 310, 317, 319<br />
xaranauli besik 226, 227<br />
xaraSvili n. 248<br />
xaxanaSvili aleqsandre 42, 43,<br />
76, 286, 291, 304,309<br />
327
xexera 243<br />
xvedeliZe revaz 318<br />
xizaniSvili m. 140, 143<br />
xizaniSvili niko 308<br />
xinTibiZe akaki 310, 311<br />
xornauli gigi 256<br />
xoStaria dimitri 289<br />
xubutia p. 318<br />
xuskivaZe Teofile 308<br />
xuciSvili solomon 310, 314, 315<br />
xucurauli a. 296<br />
jabadari ivane 123<br />
javaxiSvili giorgi 319<br />
javaxiSvili mixeil 140, 258 , 262,<br />
307<br />
jaliaSvili maia 173<br />
jangiraSvili basila 211<br />
jafariZe v. 249<br />
jafariZe revaz 258<br />
jajanaSvili ivane 308,<br />
jiblaZe giorgi 293, 297<br />
hegeli 94<br />
heraklite efeseli 107, 108, 109,<br />
112, 130<br />
herci r. 127<br />
herodote 126, 143<br />
homerosi 39, 239, 298<br />
huserli 104<br />
328
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