week1_Kelemtrans_Pengantar
Sociological approach• Assumptions:– Individuals as utility satisficers: the choice of a course of action depends on theinterpretation of a situation; Individuals seek to define and express their identity insocially appropriate ways– Bounded rationality: individuals’ behavior is not fully strategic but bounded by their ownworldview• Institutions as culture, including, not just formal rules, procedures or norms, but the symbolsystems, cognitive scripts, and moral templates that provide the “frames of meaning” guidinghuman action• Institutions are taken-for-granted to avoid scrutiny: Institutions are seen as culturally-specificpractices, akin to the myths and ceremonies devised by many societies, and assimilated intoorganizations as a result of transmission of cultural practices– Bureaucratic practices• Institutions provide the cognitive scripts, categories and models to interpret others’ behavior• Institutions assign role, meaning, value, image to actors• Institutions are social construction: there is interactive and mutually-constitutive relationshipbetween institutions and individual action/ behavior; individual recognizes as well asresponds with institutions• The logic of appropriateness: institution develops to enhance the social legitimacy of theactors’ behavior
• In political science: reaction to behavioral approaches• Institutions play role in collective action through affecting thebehavior of individuals: calculus approach vs cultural approach• Calculus approach:– Individuals as utillity maximizers: seek to maximize the attainment of aset of goals given by a specific preference function– Individuals as strategic actors: canvassing all possible options to selectthose conferring maximum benefit– Institutions are instrumental and created through this strategiccalculation– Institutions provide actors with greater/ lesser certainty about thepresent and future behavior of other actors– Institutions provide information relevant to the behavior of other,enforcing mechanisms for agreements, penalties for defection etc– Institutions are created to minimize the costs of exchange
- Page 1 and 2: Kelembagaan TransportasiPengantar K
- Page 3 and 4: Definisi Kelembagaan (2)• Institu
- Page 5 and 6: What makes Institutions?Roles/Respo
- Page 7 and 8: Defining Governance (2)• Create a
- Page 9 and 10: Tipologi Kelembagaan• Williamson
- Page 11 and 12: • Formal institutionsFormal insti
- Page 13 and 14: • Resources allocation/employment
- Page 15 and 16: Historical approach• Institutions
- Page 17: • Assumptions:Rational choice app
- Page 21 and 22: • Are institution and organizatio
- Page 23 and 24: • John Forester is professor and
- Page 25 and 26: • Seymour J. Mandelbaum is profes
• In political science: reaction to behavioral approaches
• Institutions play role in collective action through affecting the
behavior of individuals: calculus approach vs cultural approach
• Calculus approach:
– Individuals as utillity maximizers: seek to maximize the attainment of a
set of goals given by a specific preference function
– Individuals as strategic actors: canvassing all possible options to select
those conferring maximum benefit
– Institutions are instrumental and created through this strategic
calculation
– Institutions provide actors with greater/ lesser certainty about the
present and future behavior of other actors
– Institutions provide information relevant to the behavior of other,
enforcing mechanisms for agreements, penalties for defection etc
– Institutions are created to minimize the costs of exchange
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