GS-CSAT-Brochure-Delhi

Think
IAS
Think
Drishti
ifjp; iqfLrdk
lkekU; vè;;u dk D;k egÙo gS\
lhlSV dks dSls le>sa\ rS;kjh dSls djsa\
eq[; ijh{kk esa fuca/k dk D;k egÙo gS\
VsLV lhjhT+k D;ksa egÙoiw.kZ gS\
lk{kkRdkj dh rS;kjh dSls djsa\
641, First Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-110009
Contacts: 87501 87501, 011-47532596
Website : www.drishtiias.com

fo"k;
lwph
lkekU; vè;;u
lkekU; vè;;u% ,d ifjp;
çkjafHkd ijh{kk
izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u
lhlSV
(i) izkjafHkd ijh{kk D;k gS\
(ii) izkjafHkd ijh{kk dh lajpuk
(iii) ^dV&vkWiQ* dk Lrj
(iv) vk;q lhek
(v) lkekU; vè;;u (izkjafHkd ijh{kk) dk ikB~;Øe
(vi) fofHkUu [kaMksa dk rqyukRed egÙo
(vii) rS;kjh dh mfpr j.kuhfr D;k gksuh pkfg;s\
(i) lhlSV D;k gS\
(ii) lhlSV dh Hkwfedk
(iii) lhlSV dk ikB~;Øe
(iv) fofHk [kaMksa dk vkuqikfrd egÙo
(v) gekjk d{kk dk;ZØe
• gekjk n`f"Vdks.k
• gekjk vè;kid lewg
• l=k dh vofèk rFkk Øe
• tk¡p ijh{kk,¡ rFkk le;&izcaèku vH;kl
• O;fDrxr lgk;rk
(i) eq[; ijh{kk D;k gS\
eq[; ijh{kk
(ii) eq[; ijh{kk dh lajpuk o iz.kkyh
(iii) eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s oSdfYid fo"k;ksa dh lwph
(iv) lkekU; vè;;u (eq[; ijh{kk)% ikB~;Øe
(v) eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u ds ç'ui=kksa dk
[kaMokj ,oa vadokj oxhZdj.k
(vi) eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u dh Hkwfedk
(vii) DokyhiQkbax fo"k;
(viii) fganh ekè;e ls tqM+h leL;k,¡
n`f"V gh D;kas\
(i) lkekU; vè;;u ds izfr gekjk n`f"Vdks.k
(ii) gekjk vè;kid lewg
(iii) vè;kiu iz.kkyh
(iv) l=k dh vofèk rFkk Øe
(v) ikB~;&lkexzh
(vi) lelkef;d eqn~nksa ij v|ru tkudkjh
(vii) tk¡p&ijh{kk,¡ rFkk mÙkj&ys[ku vH;kl
lkekU;r% iwNs tkus okys iz'u
fucaèk
1. fucaèk% ,d ifjp;
2. gekjk ekxZn'kZu dk;ZØe
VsLV lhjhT+k dk;ZØe
lk{kkRdkj
2

lkekU; vè;;u
lkekU; vè;;u% ,d ifjp;
(General Studies: An Introduction)
lkekU; vè;;u] tSlk fd uke ls gh Li"V gS] fdlh [kkl fo"k;
dk xgjk vè;;u u gksdj fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dk ,slk vè;;u gS ftlds
fy;s fdlh vuqlaèkku ;k fo'ks"kKrk dh ”k:jr ugha gSA la?k yksd lsok
vk;ksx us flfoy lsok ijh{kk ls lacafèkr viuh vfèklwpuk esa lkekU;
vè;;u dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS&
lkekU; vè;;u eas ,sls iz'u iwNs tk,axs ftuds mÙkj ,d
lqf'kf{kr O;fDr fcuk fdlh fo'ks"kKrkiw.kZ vè;;u ds ns ldrk gSA ;s
iz'u cgqr ls ,sls fo"k;ksa esa mEehnokj dh tkudkjh ;k tkx:drk dk
Lrj tk¡pus ds fy;s iwNs tk,axs ftudh izklafxdrk flfoy lsokvksa esa
dk;Z djus ds nkSjku gksrh gSA iz'uksa ds ekè;e ls lHkh izklafxd eqíksa
ij mEehnokj dh ewy le> ij[kus ds lkFk&lkFk bl ckr dh Hkh
tk¡p dh tk,xh fd mlds ikl ijLij fojksèkh lkekftd&vkfFkZd y{;ksa
rFkk ekaxksa ds fo'ys"k.k dh fdruh ;ksX;rk gS\¸
lp dgk tk, rks la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk dh xbZ ;g ?kks"k.kk
fliZQ vkSipkfjd egÙo dh gSA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd lkekU; vè;;u
ds iz'ui=k esa dbZ ckj iz'u brus dfBu vkSj xgjs Lrj ds gksrs gSa fd
ml fo"k; ds fo'ks"kK Hkh mudk mÙkj ugha ns ikrsA
ikB~;Øe dh pqukSrh (Challenge of Syllabus)
lkekU; vè;;u dk ikB~;Øe bruk foLr`r vkSj lekos'kh gS fd
mls xaHkhjrk ds lkFk de ls de ,d lky dk le; nsuk ”k:jh gSA fganh
ekè;e ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s rks lkekU; vè;;u nksgjh pqukSrh is'k
djrk gSA ,d rjiQ vaxzs”kh dh rqyuk esa fganh esa ekStwn ikB~;&lkexzh
de”kksj gksrh gS rks nwljh rjiQ dqN ijh{kdksa dk fganh Hkk"kk esa lgt u
gksuk Hkh mUgsa uqdlku igq¡pk ldrk gSA blfy;s fganh ekè;e ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks viuh rS;kjh esa vfrfjDr lkoèkkuh cjrus dh ”k:jr iM+rh gSA
vxj vki lpeqp vkbZ-,-,l- ;k flfoy lsod cuuk pkgrs gSa
rks lkekU; vè;;u dks iwjs foLrkj vkSj xgjkbZ ls i<+s fcuk vkidk
viuh eaf”ky rd igq¡puk vklku ugha gSA
*(UPSC Exam Pattern vxys i`"B ij fn;k x;k gSA)
izkjafHkd ijh{kk
izkjafHkd ijh{kk D;k gS\
(What is Preliminary Examination?)
flfoy lsok ijh{kk 3 pj.kksa esa laiUu gksrh gS ftldk igyk pj.k
^izkjafHkd ijh{kk* dgykrk gSA bl igys pj.k dh izÑfr oLrqfu"B
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
blds fy;s izfro"kZ yxHkx 9 ls 10 yk[k mEehnokj vkosnu
djrs gSa] muesa ls yxHkx 4 ls 5 yk[k ijh{kk esa cSBrs gSa rFkk yxHkx
12–13 g”kkj liQy gksrs gSaA bl ijh{kk esa fdrus mEehnokj liQy
gksaxs] ;g bl vkèkkj ij r; gksrk gS fd ml o"kZ dqy fdruh fjfDr;k¡
(Vacancies) Hkjh tkuh gSaA vkerkSj ij fjfDr;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds
12–13 xquk mEehnokjksa dks liQy ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA vktdy gj
o"kZ 800&1000 ds vkl&ikl fjfDr;k¡ ?kksf"kr dh tkrh gSa] blfy;s
yxHkx 12–13 g”kkj mEehnokjksa dks izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa liQyrk izkIr
gksrh gSA liQy gksus okys bu mEehnokjksa dks ijh{kk ds nwljs pj.k vFkkZr~
eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA
izkjafHkd ijh{kk dh lajpuk
(Structure of Preliminary Examination)
izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa nks iz'ui=k gksrs gSaA igyk iz'ui=k ^lkekU; vè;;u*
dk gS tcfd nwljs dks ^flfoy lsok vfHko`fÙk ijh{kk* (Civil Services
Aptitude Test) ;k ^lhlSV* dgs tkus dk izpyu gS vkSj ;g DokyhiQkbax
isij ds :i esa gSA nksuksa iz'ui=k 200–200 vadksa ds gksrs gSa] vr% ijh{kk
dqy 400 vadksa dh gksrh gSA igys iz'ui=k (lkekU; vè;;u) esa 2–2
vadksa ds 100 iz'u gksrs gSa tcfd nwljs iz'ui=k (lhlSV) esa 2.5–2.5 vadksa
ds 80 iz'uA nksuksa iz'ui=kksa esa izR;sd iz'u ds lkFk 4–4 fodYi fn;s tkrs
gSa ftuesa ls mEehnokj dks lgh mÙkj dk p;u djuk gksrk gSA nksuksa iz'ui=kksa
esa ^udkjkRed vadu* (Negative Marking) dh O;oLFkk ykxw gS ftlds
rgr 3 mÙkj xyr gksus ij 1 lgh mÙkj ds cjkcj vad dkV fy;s tkrs
gSaA bl fu;e ds varxZr lkekU; vè;;u esa ,d lgh mÙkj ds fy;s 2
vad fn;s tkrs gSa tcfd ,d xyr mÙkj ds fy;s 0.67 vad dkV fy;s
tkrs gSaA blh rjg] lhlSV esa ,d lgh mÙkj ds fy;s 2.5 vad fn;s tkrs
gSa tcfd ,d xyr mÙkj ij 0.83 vad dk uqdlku gksrk gSA
pw¡fd lhlSV isij DokyhiQkbax isij ds :i esa gS blfy;s izkjafHkd
ijh{kk ikl djus ds fy;s fdlh Hkh mEehnokj dks lhlSV isij esa fliQZ
33 izfr'kr vad (yxHkx 27 iz'u ;k 66 vad) izkIr djus vko';d
gksrs gSaA vxj og blls de vad izkIr djrk gS rks mls isQy ekuk
tkrk gSA dV&vkWiQ dk fuèkkZj.k fliZQ izFke iz'ui=k ;kuh lkekU;
vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA
^dV&vkWiQ* dk Lrj (Cut-off Level)
ftrus vadksa ds lkFk vafre mEehnokj liQy gksrk gS] ml Lrj
dks ^dV&vkWiQ* dgk tkrk gSA eku yhft;s fd dqy 12,000 mEehnokjksa
dk p;u fd;k tkuk gSA blds fy;s lHkh mEehnokjksa ds dqy izkIrkadksa
dh lwph cukbZ tk,xh rFkk mQij ls 12,000 mEehnokjksa dks pqu fy;k
tk,xkA bu pqus x, mEehnokjksa esa ls vafre ds ftrus izkIrkad gksaxs]
mlh dks ^dV&vkWiQ* dgk tk,xkA
eSa ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dk fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡A ;g flfoy lsok ijh{kk dh rS;kjh djus okyksa ds fy;s ,d lexz ,oa loZJs"B if=kdk
gSA vki fu¯'pr gksdj viuh rS;kjh esa bls vk/kj cuk ldrs gSaA
&vfu#¼ dqekj (IAS 2017, 146oha jSad)
3

;w-ih-,l-lh- (flfoy lsok) ijh{kk izk:i
izkjafHkd ijh{kk
eq[; ijh{kk lk{kkRdkj
iz'ui=k-I : lkekU; vè;;u
iz'u : 100
vf/dre vad : 200
le; : 2 ?kaVs
½.kkRed vad : 1/3
iz'ui=k-II : lhlSV
iz'u : 80
vf/dre vad : 200
le; : 2 ?kaVs
DokfyiQkbax (33%)
½.kkRed vad : 1/3
z z ;g ijh{kk vH;fFkZ;ksa dh lkekU; tkudkjh]
tkx:drk] cqf¼] pfj=k] vfHkO;fDr dh {kerk]
O;fDrRo ,oa lsok ds fy;s lkekU; mi;qDrrk dks
n`f"V esa j[krs gq, lkekU; vfHk#fp ds fo"k;ksa ls
lacaf/r gksxhA
vf/dre vad : 275
DokfyiQkbax iz'ui=k esfjV fyLV esa 'kkfey iz'ui=k
iz'ui=k % v
z z fgUnh ;k lafoèkku dh 8oha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey dksbZ Hkk"kk
DokfyiQkbax : 25%
iz'ui=k % c
z z vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk
DokfyiQkbax : 25%
vf/dre vad : 300
le; : 3 ?kaVs
vf/dre vad : 300
le; : 3 ?kaVs
iz'ui=k-I : fuca/
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
iz'ui=k-II : lkekU; vè;;u&1
iz'ui=k-III : lkekU; vè;;u&2
z z 'kklu O;oLFkk] lafoèkku] jktO;oLFkk]
lkekftd U;k; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
iz'ui=k-IV : lkekU; vè;;u&3
iz'ui=k-V : lkekU; vè;;u&4
z z uhfr'kkL=k] lR;fu"Bk vkSj vfHko`fÙk
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
iz'ui=k-VI : oSdfYid fo"k;
iz'ui=k-VII : oSdfYid fo"k;
z z ç'ui=k&2
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
z z Hkkjrh; fojklr vkSj laLÑfr] fo'o dk
bfrgkl ,oa Hkwxksy rFkk lekt
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
z z çkS|ksfxdh] vkfFkZd fodkl] tSo&fofoèkrk]
i;kZoj.k] lqj{kk rFkk vkink çcaèku
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
z z ç'ui=k&1
vf/dre vad : 250
le; : 3 ?kaVs
4

lkekU; oxZ ds mEehnokjksa dh rqyuk esa vkjf{kr oxks± rFkk fodykax
oxZ ds mEehnokjksa ds fy;s dV&vkWiQ dqN de gksrk gSA o"kZ 2012 ls
2018 dh izkjafHkd ijh{kkvksa esa fofHkUu oxks± ds fy;s ^dV&vkWiQ* bl
izdkj jgk&
oxZ (Category) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
lkekU; oxZ
(General/Others)
241 205 107.34 116.00 105.34 98.00
vU; fiNM+k oxZ (OBC) 222 204 106.00 110.66 102.66 96.66
vuqlwfpr tkfr (SC) 207 182 94.00 99.34 88.66 84.00
vuqlwfpr tutkfr (ST) 201 174 91.34 96.00 88.66 83.34
fodykax oxZ&1 (PH-1) 199 167 90.66 75.34 85.34 73.34
fodykax oxZ&2 (PH-2) 184 113 76.66 72.66 61.34 53.34
fodykax oxZ&3 (PH-3) 163 115 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
bl rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd ^dV&vkWiQ* ges'kk fLFkj ugha jgrk
gSA mEehnokjksa dh la[;k] mudh ;ksX;rk rFkk iz'ui=kksa ds dfBukbZ Lrj
ds cnyus ds lkFk&lkFk ;g gj o"kZ dqN ”;knk ;k de gksrk jgrk gSA
è;ku jgs fd 2014 rd nksuksa iz'ui=kksa ds la;qDr vadksa ds vkèkkj ij
ijh{kk ifj.kke fudkyk tkrk jgk FkkA vc] pw¡fd 2015 ls dV&vkWiQ
dk fuèkkZj.k fliQZ lkekU; vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkus yxk gS]
blfy;s dV&vkWiQ Lrj esa vkewypwy ifjorZu vk;k gSA
è;ku jgs fd vadksa dh ;s x.kuk,¡ udkjkRed vadu ls gq, uqdlku
dks ?kVkus ds ckn dh vFkkZr~ 'kq¼ izkIrkadksa dh gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd
izR;sd 3 xyr mÙkjksa ds cnys 1 lgh mÙkj de djds vius izkIrkadksa
dh x.kuk djuh pkfg;sA
vk;q lhek (Age Limit)
oxZ (Category)
lkekU; oxZ (General/Others)
vU; fiNM+k oxZ (OBC)
vuqlwfpr tkfr (SC)
vuqlwfpr tutkfr (ST)
zz
zz
vk;q lhek (Age Limit)
21 ls 32 o"kZ
21 ls 35 o"kZ
21 ls 37 o"kZ
21 ls 37 o"kZ
vk;q dh x.kuk ijh{kk ds o"kZ ds 1 vxLr ls dh tk,xhA
tks vH;FkhZ 1 tuojh] 1980 ls 31 fnlacj] 1989 ds chp tEew d'ehj
esa fuokljr Fks mUgsa vk;q esa vfèkdre 5 o"kZ dh NwV feysxhA
lkekU; vè;;u (izkjafHkd ijh{kk) dk ikB~;Øe
[(Syllabus of General Studies (Preliminary Test)]
izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds iz'ui=k 1 dk lacaèk lkekU; vè;;u ls gSA
bldk ikB~;Øe fuEufyf[kr gS&
1- jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; egÙo dh lkef;d ?kVuk,¡ (Current
events of national and international importance)A
2. Hkkjr dk bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu (History of
India and Indian National Movement)A
3. Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy % Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk izkÑfrd] lkekftd]
vkfFkZd Hkwxksy (Indian and World Geography - Physical,
Social, Economic Geography of India and the World)A
4. Hkkjrh; jkT;ra=k vkSj 'kklu& lafoèkku] jktuhfrd iz.kkyh] iapk;rh
jkt] yksduhfr] vfèkdkjksa lacaèkh eqís bR;kfn (Indian Polity and
Governance - Constitution, Political System, Panchayati
Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues etc)A
5. vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fodkl& lrr~ fodkl] xjhch] lekos'ku]
tulkaf[;dh] lkekftd {ks=k esa dh xbZ igy vkfn (Economic and
Social Development, Sustainable Development-Poverty,
Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives etc)A
6. i;kZoj.kh; ikfjfLFkfrdh] tSo&fofoèkrk vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu
lacaèkh lkekU; eqís] ftuds fy;s fo"k;xr fo'ks"kKrk vko';d ugha gS
(General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity
& Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization)A
7. lkekU; foKku (General Science)A
çkjafHkd ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u ds fofHkUu [kaMksa dk
rqyukRed egÙo (Relative importance of General Studies
different Segments in Preliminary Examination)
lkekU; vè;;u ds iz'u ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fofHkUu [kaMksa@fo"k;ksa
ls fdl vuqikr esa iwNs tk,axs] ;g fuf'pr ugha gSA vkerkSj ij bfrgkl]
jktO;oLFkk] ikfjfLFkfrdh o i;kZoj.k] vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj Hkwxksy ls
”;knk iz'u iwNs tkrs gSa] ysfdu 2016 esa blesa vkewypwy ifjorZu ns[kk
x;kA ifjorZu dh ;g ço`fÙk 2018 esa Hkh fo|eku jghA bl rjg] iz'uksa
ds vuqikr dh izo`fÙk fcYdqy gh vfuf'pr gSA uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa
vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd 2012 ls 2018 rd fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs tkus
okys iz'uksa dk vuqikr D;k jgk gS&
fo"k; 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
20 16 19 16 16 13 22
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl vkSj
Lokèkhurk vkanksyu
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku o 21 17 10 13 6 22 13
jktO;oLFkk
Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dk Hkwxksy 17 18 20 18 3 8 9
ikfjfLFkfrdh] i;kZoj.k 14 14 20 12 16 17 10
vkSj tSo&fofoèkrk
Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk] 14 18 11 16 15 29 22
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd
fodkl
lkekU; foKku ,oa 10 16 12 9 7 3 14
çkS|ksfxdh
jk"Vªh; vkSj oSf'od 04 01 08 16 37 8 10
egÙo dh ledkyhu
?kVuk,¡@fofoèk
dqy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
eSa ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dk fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡A mEehnokjksa dks esjk lq>ko ;g gS fd fiNys dqN eghuksa dh eSx”khu ,d lkFk j[kdj
lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd fo"k;ksa dks vyx&vyx i<+rs gq, uksV~l viMsV djus pkfg;saA blh çdkj] laHkkfor ç'u&mÙkj vkSj Vw n ikWbaV
tSls [kaMksa dks vyx ls Hkh lax`ghr djsaxs rks eq[; ijh{kk esa fo'ks"k enn feysxhA &vjfoUn çrki flag (IAS 2017, 161oha jSad)
5

rS;kjh dh mfpr j.kuhfr D;k gksuh pkfg;s\ (What should
be the appropriate strategy for the preparation?)
rS;kjh dh j.kuhfr lHkh ds fy;s ,d tSlh ugha gks ldrh D;ksafd
fdlh dh i`"BHkwfe dqN gS rks fdlh dh dqN vkSjA mnkgj.k ds fy;s]
vxj fdlh mEehnokj us bfrgkl] Hkwxksy vkSj vFkZ'kkL=k fo"k;ksa ds lkFk
Lukrd Lrj dh i<+kbZ dh gS fdarq mls foKku i<+us esa leL;k gksrh gS
rks mldh j.kuhfr bUgha rF;ksa ds vkyksd esa cusxhA blds foijhr] dqN
mEehnokj ,sls Hkh gksaxs tks bathfu;j ;k MkWDVj gksus ds dkj.k foKku esa
vR;ar lgt gSa fdarq mudk eu bfrgkl dh iqLrd dks ns[kus dk Hkh
ugha gksrkA LokHkkfod gh gS fd budh j.kuhfr vyx rjhds ls cusxhA
eksVs rkSj ij] j.kuhfr ds lacaèk esa dqN lq>ko ;s gks ldrs gSa&
zz
zz
mEehnokj dks lHkh [kaMksa ij cjkcj cy nsus dh ctk; dqN pqus
gq, [kaMksa ij vfèkd cy nsuk pkfg;sA mls de ls de brus [kaM
pqu ysus pkfg;sa ftuls lfEefyr :i ls 80–85 iz'u vkus dh
izo`fÙk fn[kkbZ iM+rh gks rkfd og xaHkhj rS;kjh ls yxHkx 65–70
iz'u Bhd dj ldsA 'ks"k ,dkèk [kaM dks NksM+ nsuk vPNh ckr
rks ugha gS] ysfdu izkjafHkd ijh{kk u”knhd gksus ij vkikr~ ;kstuk
ds :i esa bls Bhd ekuk tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] vxj vki foKku dh i`"BHkwfe ls ugha gSa rks
cps gq, le; esa vki foKku lh[kus dh ctk; ckdh [kaMksa ij
egkjr gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA ;fn vki foKku ds
16–17 iz'uksa dks NksM+ Hkh nsaxs rks 'ks"k [kaMksa esa iwjh rkdr >ksad dj
'ks"k 83–84 iz'uksa esa ls 60–70 dk lgh tokc nsus dh dksf'k'k
dj ldrs gSa tks fd ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy;s dkiQh gSaA
;g ckr iqu% nksgjkuk ”k:jh gS fd ;g j.kuhfr le; dh deh
gksus ij gh viukbZ tkuh pkfg;sA vxj vkids ikl rS;kjh ds
fy;s i;kZIr le; gS (1 o"kZ ;k vfèkd) rks lHkh [k.Mksa esa xaHkhj
vè;;u djuk gh vPNk gksxkA
vxj vki xkSj ls iqjkus iz'u&i=kksa dks ns[ksa rks ik,axs fd lHkh
[kaMksa ds Hkhrj dqN fo'ks"k mi&[kaMksa ls izk;% ”;knk iz'u iwNs
tkrs gSaA csgrj gksxk fd vki mu ij vfèkd le; nsaA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] bfrgkl [kaM ds varxZr nks {ks=kksa ls cgqr ”;knk
iz'u iwNs tkus dh izo`fÙk fn[krh gS& ,d rks Lora=krk vkanksyu
ls] vkSj nwljs dyk o laLÑfr lsA vxj vki bu nks [kaMksa dks
Bhd ls i<+ ysa rks bfrgkl ds yxHkx 85–90% iz'u fey tkus
pkfg;saA dyk laLÑfr ds varxZr izkphu Hkkjr ij fo'ks"k è;ku
nsuk pkfg;sA eè;dkyhu Hkkjr ls rks izk;% ,dkèk iz'u gh iwNk
tkrk gS] vr% mls NksM+ Hkh nsa rks dksbZ fo'ks"k [krjk ugha gSA
blh rjg] foKku esa tho&foKku ls lcls ”;knk iz'u iwNs tkrs
gSa tks foKku ds iz'uksa esa yxHkx 50–60% rd jgrs gSaA HkkSfrdh
ls izk;% 3–4 loky iwNs tkrs gSa tcfd jlk;u&foKku ls ceqf'dy
1–2 lokyA vktdy vf/dka'k iz'u foKku dh ubZ rduhdksa
ls iwNs tk jgs gSa tks lkekU;r% eq[; ijh{kk esa iwNs tkrs jgs gSaA
vr% bu [kaMksa ij Hkh è;ku nsus dh ”k:jr gSA
zz
zz
z z
zz
Hkwxksy esa ns[ksa rks 2013 rd Hkkjr ds Hkwxksy ls nks&frgkbZ iz'u
iwNs tkrs Fks tcfd fo'o ds Hkwxksy ls yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ iz'uA
2014 ds ckn ls nksuksa [kaMksa dk ewY; yxHkx cjkcj gks x;k gSA
gkyk¡fd 2016 vkSj 2018 esa bl [kaM ls cgqr de iz'u iwNs
x,] ysfdu bl vk/kj ij bls u”kjvank”k djuk cgqr cM+h Hkwy
gksxhA csgrj gksxk fd nksuksa [kaMksa dks yxHkx cjkcj ek=kk esa rS;kj
dj fy;k tk,A
è;ku nsus ;ksX; ,d vU; ckr ;g gS fd mEehnokj dks ”;knk
esgur mu [kaMksa ds fy;s djuh pkfg;s tks eq[; ijh{kk ds
ikB~;Øe esa Hkh 'kkfey gSaA blls ijh{kk ds vkxkeh rFkk okLrfod
pj.kksa esa liQyrk dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s]
bfrgkl [kaM dks ns[ksa rks vkèkqfud Hkkjr dk bfrgkl eq[; ijh{kk
ds ikB~;Øe esa Hkh 'kkfey gS tcfd izkphu vkSj eè;dkyhu
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ughaA vr% izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa vkèkqfud Hkkjr
dk bfrgkl foLrkjiwoZd i<+us ij eq[; ijh{kk esa Hkh csgrj ifj.kke
dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA
bl ckr ij Hkh è;ku nsa fd lkekU; vè;;u ds ikB~;Øe ds tks
[kaM fliZQ eq[; ijh{kk esa iwNs tkrs gSa] mUgsa izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds fy;s
'ks"k cps nks&<kbZ eghuksa esa u i<+k tk,A bu [kaMksa esa varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk]
lkekftd U;k;] vkarfjd lqj{kk] fo'o bfrgkl rFkk ,fFkDl vkfn
'kkfey gSaA
;g ekudj pyuk pkfg;s fd vH;FkhZ pkgs ftruh Hkh rS;kjh dj
ys] gj [kaM esa dqN u dqN ,sls iz'u ”k:j gksaxs tks mldh tkudkjh
dh ifjfèk ls ckgj ds gksaxsA vki ftl Hkh [kaM dh rS;kjh xaHkhjrk
ls djsa] y{; ;g jf[k;s fd mlds 70–80» iz'u vkils gks tk,¡A
vxj vki 100» iz'uksa ds isQj esa iM+saxs rks ,d gh [kaM dh rS;kjh
esa vuqRiknd rjhds ls cgqr le; u"V dj nsaxsA
lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh esa ;g è;ku j[kuk Hkh ”k:jh gS fd
blesa lHkh [kaMksa ds iz'u dkiQh xgjs Lrj ds gksrs gSa vkSj os
fo"k; dh lw{e le> dh ekax djrs gSaA vkerkSj ij gj iz'u esa
dqN rF; ;k dFku nsdj muds la;kstu ls tfVy fodYi cuk,
tkrs gSa rkfd LFkwy le> okys mEehnokj liQy u gks ldsaA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] vfèkdka'k iz'uksa esa vkjaHk esa 3–4 dFku ;k
rF; fn;s tkrs gSa ftuesa ls dqN lgh gksrs gSa vkSj dqN xyrA
izk;% ,slk gksrk gS fd mEehnokj muesa ls dqN rF;ksa ls ifjfpr
gksrk gS vkSj dqN ls ughaA mlds ckn] mu rF;ksa dks vkil esa
tksM+dj mEehnokj dks 4 tfVy fodYi fn;s tkrs gSa] tSls (i)
dFku 1] 3 rFkk 4 Bhd gSa vkSj dFku 2 xyr] (ii) dFku 1]
2 rFkk 4 Bhd gSa vkSj dFku 3 xyrA mEehnokj dks ,sls tfVy
fodYiksa esa ls ,d lgh fodYi pquuk gksrk gSA blesa iz'u ds
xyr gksus dk [krjk rks gksrk gh gS] lkFk gh dfBu fodYiksa ds
dkj.k iz'uksa dks gy djus esa ”;knk le; Hkh yxrk gS vkSj var
esa le;&izcaèku [kqn ,d pqukSrh cu tkrk gSA
eSaus oSdfYid fo"k; fganh lkfgR; rFkk lk{kkRdkj ds fy;s ^n`f"V laLFkku* ls ekxZn'kZu fy;kA ;g fodkl lj ds ekxZn'kZu dk gh ifj.kke gS
fd vaxzs”kh i`"BHkwfe gksus ds ckn Hkh eq>s fganh lkfgR; dh rS;kjh esa dksbZ fnDdr ugha gqbZA blh dkj.k fganh lkfgR; ds lkFk eq>s igyh gh
eq[; ijh{kk esa liQyrk feyhA
&lksuy (IAS 2017, 451oha jSad)
6

bl pqukSrh ls fuiVus dk rjhdk ;g gS fd isij esa lcls igys
ogh iz'u fd;s tk,¡ tks vH;FkhZ dh tkudkjh ds {ks=k ls gSa
vkSj mUgsa i;kZIr le; fn;k tk,A chp&chp esa tks iz'u ugha
vkrs gSa ;k ftu ij xgjk vè;;u ugha gS] mUgsa fu'kku yxkdj
NksM+ nsuk pkfg;s vkSj vxj var esa le; cps rks mudk mÙkj nsus
dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg;s] ugha rks mUgsa NksM+ nsus esa gh HkykbZ gSA
lhlSV (CSAT)
lhlSV D;k gS\ (What is CSAT?)
izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds iz'ui=k&2 dks ^lhlSV* (CSAT) ;k ^flfoy lsok
vfHko`fÙk ijh{kk* (Civil Services Aptitude Test) dgk tkrk gS ftls
2011 ls ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA njvly] ^lhlSV* dh
ladYiuk igyh ckj okbZ-ds- vy?k lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa 2001 esa izLrkfor
dh xbZ FkhA flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa lqèkkjksa ij fopkj djus ds fy;s xfBr
dh xbZ bl lfefr us lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa oSdfYid
fo"k; ds lkFk ^lhlSV* dh ijh{kk gksuh pkfg;s rFkk lkekU; vè;;u dks
fliZQ eq[; ijh{kk rd lhfer j[kk tkuk pkfg;sA 2011 es a la?k yksd lsok
vk;ksx us bl lq>ko dks dqN cnyrs gq, oSdfYid fo"k; dks gVk fn;k rFkk
lkekU; vè;;u ds lkFk ^lhlSV* dh ijh{kk dks izLrkfor fd;kA
lhlSV dkiQh gn rd fdlh Hkh vU; vfHko`fÙk ijh{kk (Aptitude
Test), tSls dSV (CAT), eSV (MAT), theSV (GMAT) ds leku gS vkSj
;g Hkh bu ijh{kkvksa dh rjg mEehnokj dh ckSf¼d {kerk (IQ-Intelligence
Quotient) dh tk¡p djrk gS_ ij pw¡fd gj {ks=k esa ckSf¼d {kerkvksasa ds
vyx&vyx leqPp; ;k la;kstu dh ”k:jr gksrh gS] blfy;s lhlSV esa
iz'uksa dh izÑfr rFkk vuqikr flfoy lsokvksa ;k iz'kklu dh vko';drkvksa
ds vkèkkj ij fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij] blesa 'kkfey
xf.kr vkSj vaxsz”kh ds iz'u dSV (CAT) tSlh ijh{kkvksa ds Lrj ls dkiQh
vklku gksrs gSa D;ksafd iz'kklu pykus dh izfØ;k esa izk;% ml Lrj ij
xf.kr o vaxzs”kh dh vko';drk ugha iM+rhA blh rjg] blesa iz'kklu dh
leL;kvksa ls tqM+s fu.kZ;u o leL;k lekèkku (Decision Making &
Problem Solving) ds dqN iz'u gksrs gSa tks izcaèku (Management) dh
leL;kvksa ls vyx izd`fr ds gksrs gSaA
dqy feykdj] ^lhlSV* ckSf¼d ;ksX;rk (Intelligence Quotient)
dh ,d ijh{kk gS tks fo'ks"k rkSj ij flfoy lsokvksa ds fy;s vko';d
ckSf¼d {kerkvksa dk ijh{k.k djus ds mís'; ls izLrkfor dh xbZ gSA
lhlSV dh Hkwfedk (Role of CSAT)
tSlk fd vkidks irk gS fd çkjafHkd ijh{kk esa lhlSV ç'ui=k
DokyhiQkbax isij ds :i esa gSA fdlh Hkh vH;FkhZ dks çkjafHkd ijh{kk ikl
djus ds fy;s lhlSV ç'ui=k esa 33» vad çkIr djus vko';d gksrs gSaA
fofnr gS fd çkjafHkd ijh{kk esa lhlSV ç'ui=k esa 80 ç'u iwNs tkrs gSa
ftlesa çR;sd ç'u ds fy;s 2.5 vad fuèkkZfjr gksrs gSa vkSj bl rjg lhlSV
ç'ui=k dqy 200 vadksa dk gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh vH;FkhZ dks lhlSV ç'ui=k
ds 200 vadksa esa ls 66 vad çkIr djus vfuok;Z gksrs gSa ;kuh mls
udkjkRed vadu (Negative Marking) ds fy;s dkVs x, vadksa ds ckn
66 vad çkIr djus gksrs gSaA blds fy;s mls lhlSV ç'ui=k esa iwNs tkus
okys 80 ç'uksa esa ls yxHkx 27 ç'u (udkjkRed vadu }kjk dkVs x,
ç'uksa ds ckn) lgh djus gksrs gSaA
;fn dksbZ vH;FkhZ lhlSV ç'ui=k esa 33» vad çkIr ugha dj ikrk
gS rks mls iQsy ekuk tk,xk fiQj pkgs mlus çFke ç'ui=k esa fdruk Hkh
vPNk çn'kZu D;ksa u fd;k gksA
lhlSV dk ikB~;Øe (Syllabus of CSAT)
Ø-la-
1. cksèkxE;rk (Comprehension)
[kaM
2. lapkj dkS'ky lfgr varj&oS;fDrd dkS'ky
(Interpersonal skills including communication skills)
3. rkfdZd dkS'ky ,oa fo'ys"k.kkRed {kerk
(Logical reasoning and analytical ability)
4. fu.kZ; ysuk vkSj leL;k lekèkkuA
(Decision-making and problem-solving)
5. lkekU; ekufld ;ksX;rk (General mental ability)
6. vkèkkjHkwr la[;;u (la[;k,¡ vkSj muds lacaèk] foLrkj&Øe vkfn)
(nloha d{kk dk Lrj)_ vk¡dM+ksa dk fuoZpu (pkVZ] xzkiQ] rkfydk]
vk¡dM+ksa dh i;kZIrrk vkfn& nloha d{kk dk Lrj)
[Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of
magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation
(charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. (Class X level)]
fofHkUu [kaMksa dk vkuqikfrd egÙo
(Proportional importance of different segments)
^lhlSV* (CSAT) esa ikB~;Øe eas of.kZr fofHkUu [kaMksa ls cjkcj iz'u
ugha iwNs tkrsA blds iz'uksa dh izÑfr Hkh 'ks"k izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa ls dkiQh
vyx gksrh gSA blds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr ¯cnqvksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k tk
ldrk gS&
1. ^lhlSV* esa lcls ”;knk iz'u ^cksèkxE;rk* (Comprehension) ls iwNs
tkus dh izo`fÙk gSA dqy 80 iz'uksa esa ls bl [kaM ds iz'uksa dh la[;k
izk;% 30–35 rd gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij yxHkx 100–150 'kCnksa okys
vuqPNsnksa ls 1 iz'u vkSj 150–200 'kCnksa okys vuqPNsnksa ls 2 iz'u
iwNs tkrs gSaA nks ?kaVksa dh ijh{kk&vofèk esa mEehnokj dks dqy 25–30
vuqPNsn i<+us gksrs gSa tks fd ,d tfVy vkSj FkdkmQ dke gSA
è;ku j[ksa fd vuqPNsn nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa esa fn;s tkrs gSa] buesa vkerkSj ij
Hkk"kk tfVy gksrh gS vkSj iz'uksa dk lVhd mÙkj [kkstus esa xyrh gksus
dh izcy laHkkouk jgrh gSA bu vuqPNsnksa dk ewy ikB vaxzs”kh esa rFkk
mldk vuqokn fganh es gksus ds dkj.k fganh&Hkk"kh mEehnokjksa dks ;g
leL;k Hkh >syuh iM+rh gS fd dgha vuqokn esa dksbZ xyrh ;k
vFkZ&fHkUurk u gksA
2. egÙo dh n`f"V ls nwljs Øe ij ^rdZ'kfDr* (Reasoning) (ikB~;Øe
ds [kaM 3 rFkk 5) dks j[kk tk ldrk gSA blds iz'u izk;% cSad ;k vU;
ijh{kkvksa dh rjg ^iQkWewZyk* vkèkkfjr u gksdj dqN [kkl isap fy;s
eSa viuh liQyrk ds fy;s MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dk rgsfny ls 'kqØxq”kkj gw¡A muds O;fDrxr ekxZn'kZu ds dkj.k eSa fucaèk] ,fFkDl rFkk
baVjO;w esa csgrj izn'kZu dj ik;kA eSa ^n`f"V laLFkku* ds Dykl rFkk fizaVsM uksV~l rFkk ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* if=kdk dk ikBd jgk gw¡ vkSj
bUgksaus esjs Kku vkSj le> dks c<+kus esa cgqr enn dhA
&fodkl eh.kk (IAS 2017, 568oha jSad)
7

gq, gksrs gSa vkSj mEehnokj ls rhoz fnekxh izfrfØ;k dh mEehn djrs
gSaA vkerkSj ij fo'ys"k.kkRed rdZ'kfDr (Analytical Reasoning) ls
”;knk iz'u iwNs tkrs gSa] tSls& iwoZekU;rkvksa (Assumptions) dks igpkuuk]
dFkuksa ls fu"d"kZ fudkyuk bR;kfnA xSj&Hkkf"kd rdZ'kfDr (Non-verbal
Reasoning) ls vfèkd iz'u iwNs tkus dh izo`fÙk ugha gSA tgk¡ rd
rS;kjh dk loky gS] blh ijh{kk rFkk vU; ijh{kkvksa ds iqjkus iz'ui=kksa
ds fujarj vH;kl ls rdZ'kfDr dh {kerk c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA
3. rhljs LFkku ij ^xf.kr* ;k ^vkèkkjHkwr la[;;u* (Basic Numeracy)
rFkk ^vk¡dM+ksa dh O;k[;k rFkk i;kZIrrk* (Data interpretation &
Data sufficiency) ds [kaMksa (ikB~;Øe ds [kaM 6) dks j[kk tk
ldrk gSA blds varxZr xf.kr ds 10oha d{kk ds Lrj rd ds iz'u
iwNs tkrs gSaA ”;knk vuqikr vadxf.kr ds O;kogkfjd iz'uksa dk gksrk
gS] gkyk¡fd lhfer :i ls js[kkxf.kr ds iz'u Hkh iwNs tkrs gSaA ^vk¡dM+ksa
dh O;k[;k* (Data Interpretation) ds varxZr fofHkUu izdkj ds
js[kkfp=kksa] lkjf.k;ksa ;k vU; vkjs[kksa ds vkèkkj ij fu"d"kZ fudkyus ls
lacafèkr iz'u iwNs tkrs gSaA bl [kaM ls vkus okys iz'uksa dh la[;k dHkh
vfèkd gks tkrh gS vkSj dHkh deA 2011 vkSj 2013 esa ;g la[;k
vfèkd jgh gS tcfd 2012 esa cgqr deA fuf'pr rkSj ij ;g ugha
crk;k tk ldrk fd bl [kaM ls fdrus iz'u iwNs tk,axs\ ;g ”k:j
gS fd iz'u ,sls iwNs tkrs gSa tks fliZQ iQkWeZwys ls gksus dh ctk; ekufld
lkoèkkuh dh vis{kk j[krs gksaA
4. blds ckn] ^fu.kZ;u* (Decision Making) rFkk ^varoSZ;fDrd dkS'ky*
(Interpersonal Skills) ds [kaMksa (ikB~;Øe ds [kaM 4 rFkk 2) dks
j[kk tk ldrk gSA bu [kaMksa ls dqy feykdj 6–8 iz'uksa dh laHkkouk
jgrh gSA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd bu iz'uksa esa udkjkRed vadu (Negative
marking) dh O;oLFkk ykxw ugha gksrh vFkkZr~ pkjksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh
fodYi pquus ij mEehnokj ds vad dkVs ugha tkrsA lkFk gh] buesa
^HksnkRed vadu* (Differential Marking) dh O;oLFkk ykxw gSA
bldk vFkZ gS fd buesa ,d gh mÙkj dks Bhd ekuus dh ckè;rk ugha
gksrh cfYd ,d ls vfèkd mÙkjksa dks Hkh ^”;knk Bhd* vkSj ^de
Bhd* ekuk tk ldrk gSA gks ldrk gS fd ^T+;knk Bhd* mÙkj ds fy;s
2.5 vad fn;s tk,¡ tcfd ^de Bhd* mÙkj ds fy;s 1.5 vadA
udkjkRed vadu u gksus rFkk ^HksnkRed vadu* (Differential
Marking) gksus ds dkj.k ijh{kk esa bl [kaM ds iz'uksa dks fcYdqy
ugha NksM+uk pkfg;sA [kqn dks iz'kklfud vfèkdkjh le>rs gq, lkekU;
cqf¼ (Common Sense) ls budk mÙkj fn;k tk, rks buds Bhd gks
tkus dh laHkkouk curh gS] ij csgrj gS fd ,sls iz'uksa dk leqfpr
vH;kl Hkh dj fy;k tk,A
uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa bl ckr dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd fiNys
7 o"kks± esa lhlSV ds fofHkUu [kaMksaa ls fdrus&fdrus iz'u iwNs x, gSaA
bls ns[kdj vki vuqeku dj ldrs gSa fd fdu [kaMksa ij vkidks ”;knk
è;ku nsuk pkfg;sA
8
2012&2018 rd lhlSV esa fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs x, iz'uksa dh la[;k
ikB~;Øe dk [kaM 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
cksèkxE;rk (f}Hkkf"kd) 32 24 26 30 27 30 26
vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk 8 8 6* 0 0 0 0
vkèkkjHkwr la[;;u@
xf.kr
3 9 16 20 28 24 17
vk¡dM+ksa dh
O;k[;k@i;kZIrrk
0 5 5 0 0 0 12
rdZ'kfDr@
fo'ys"k.kkRed ;ksX;rk
30 28 27 30 25 26 25
fu.kZ;u]
varoSZ;fDrd dkS'ky
7 6 0 0 0 0 0
dqy 80 80 80* 80 80 80 80
* 2014 esa vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ls lacaf/r iz'uksa dh x.kuk ugha dh xbZ Fkh
vFkkZr~ dV vkWiQ vad ds fy;s dsoy 74 iz'uksa dk gh ewY;kadu fd;k
x;k FkkA 2015 ls vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ds ç'uksa dks gh gVk fn;k x;k gSA
gekjk d{kk dk;ZØe (Our Class Programme)
lkekU; vè;;u dh rjg gh ^lhlSV* ds {ks=k esa Hkh ^n`f"V* ,d
vxz.kh laLFkku gSA gekjs d{kk dk;ZØe dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa&
gekjk n`f"Vdks.k (Our Approach)
fganh ekè;e ds cgqr ls mEehnokj ,slh lkekftd&vkfFkZd i`"BHkwfe
ls vkrs gSa ftlesa mUgsa ^lhlSV* esa 'kkfey fo"k;ksa ij xgjh idM+ cukus
dk ekSdk dHkh ugha feyk gksrkA vaxzs”kh vkSj xf.kr esa ;g leL;k fo'ks"k
rkSj ij fn[kkbZ nsrh gS D;ksafd bu fo"k;ksa ds vPNs o izfrc¼ vè;kid
izk;% de gh fo|k£Fk;ksa dks viuh vkjafHkd i<+kbZ ds nkSjku fey ikrs gSaA
bl leL;k dks le>rs gq, ge viuh d{kkvksa dks fcYdqy cqfu;knh Lrj
ls 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj gj VkWfid ls tqM+s iz'uksa dk ”;knk ls ”;knk vH;kl
djkrs gSa rkfd gekjs fo|kFkhZ ijh{kk rd igq¡pus ls igys ml vHkko ls
ckgj vk tk,¡ rFkk vaxzs”kh ekè;e ds mEehnokjksa ls u fiNM+saA ;gh dkj.k
gS fd tgk¡ vU; laLFkk,¡ lhlSV dk dk;ZØe yxHkx 70–80 d{kkvksa
(yxHkx 3 eghus) esa iwjk dj nsrh gSa] ogha gekjk lhlSV dk;ZØe yxHkx
100 d{kkvksa dk gksrk gS rFkk yxHkx 4 eghus esa iwjk gksrk gSA vaxsz”kh
vkSj xf.kr esa fo'ks"k rkSj ij vkèkkjHkwr d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk
gS rkfd de”kksj i`"BHkwfe ds fo|kFkhZ Hkh ikB~;Øe ds izfr lgt gks tk,¡A
gekjk vè;kid lewg (Our Faculty Members)
^n`f"V* ds ikl lcls cM+h iwath Js"B vè;kidksa dh gSA geus
vè;kidksa ds p;u dh izfØ;k csgn dfBu j[kh gS ftlesa dbZ pj.kksa
dks iwjk djus ds ckn rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ^iQhMcSd* ds vkèkkj ij gh
vè;kidksa dh fu;qfDr o LFkkf;Ro dk fu.kZ; gksrk gSA bl p;u izfØ;k
ds vkèkkj ij gekjs ;gk¡ ^lhlSV* ds izR;sd [kaM ds fy;s fo'ks"kK
vè;kid fu;qDr fd;s x, gSa tks viuh lw{e le>] O;kid tkudkfj;ksa
rFkk jkspd izLrqrhdj.k ds fy;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vR;ar yksdfiz; gSaA
eSaus n`f"V dksfpax laLFkku ls fganh lkfgR;] fucaèk] lkekU; vè;;u esa fu;fer ekxZn'kZu fy;k rFkk esjh liQyrk esa n`f"V laLFkku dh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk jghA eSa ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dk fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡A mEehnokjksa dks esjh lykg fd bl if=kdk esa mudks vo'; ykHk gksxk
D;kasfd blesa ;kstuk] dq#{ks=k] fganw isij] fucaèk vkfn dks Hkh csgrj rjhds ls doj fd;k tkrk gSA bldh i;kZoj.k [kaM] laLÑfrd [kaM] varjkZ"Vªh;
lacaèk lacaèkh lkexzh dkiQh csgrj gSA
&fcØe xaxokj (IAS 2017, 694oha jSad)

l=k dh vofèk rFkk Øe (Duration and Order of Batches)
n`f"V dk ^lhlSV* (CSAT) dk l=k yxHkx 100 d{kkvksa dk gksrk
gSA izR;sd d{kk yxHkx 2 ?kaVs dh gksrh gSA iwjk l=k yxHkx 4 ekg rd
pyrk gSA d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu lIrkg esa 6 fnu fd;k tkrk gSA vkerkSj
ij jfookj dks vodk'k jgrk gS ij ;g vfuok;Z ugha gSA vxj fdlh cSp
esa ikB~;Øe fuèkkZfjr ;kstuk ls ihNs jg tkrk gS rks visf{kr xfr dks cuk,
j[kus ds fy;s jfookj dks fof'k"V d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk
gSA blds vykok] jk"Vªh; vodk'kksa (26 tuojh] 15 vxLr] 2 vDrwcj)
rFkk izeq[k R;kSgkjksa ij Hkh vodk'k jgrk gSA
tk¡p ijh{kk,¡ rFkk le;&izcaèku vH;kl
(Tests and Time Management Practice)
laLFkk dh dksf'k'k jgrh gS fd izR;sd l=k esa yxHkx 10 tk¡p&
ijh{kk,¡ vk;ksftr gksrh jgsa rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks viuh izxfr dk Lrj
le>us vkSj lqèkkjus ds i;kZIr volj fey ldsaA lHkh tk¡p&ijh{kkvksa esa
vks-,e-vkj- 'khV dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fuèkkZfjr le;&lhek dk
xaHkhjrk ls ikyu fd;k tkrk gS rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks okLrfod ijh{kk dk
iwokZH;kl Hkh gksrk jgsA ckn esa] ,d mUur lkWÝVos;j dh enn ls lHkh
izfrHkkfx;ksa ds izkIrkadksa rFkk LFkkuksa (Ranks) dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k tkrk gS
vkSj izR;sd izfrHkkxh ds ifj.kke ls lacafèkr lwpuk ^VSDLV eSlst* ds :i
esa mlds iathÑr eksckby uacj ij Hkst nh tkrh gSA
O;fDrxr lgk;rk (Personal Assistance)
^lhlSV* (CSAT) ds ikB~;Øe dh izÑfr ,slh gS fd blesa fofHkUu
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh le>us dh {kerk vkSj xfr esa varj cuk jgrk gSA bls ns[krs
gq, n`f"V vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks l=k ds nkSjku ;k l=k lekIr gks tkus ds
ckn Hkh O;fDrxr lgk;rk miyCèk djkrh gSA bl iz;kstu ds fy;s n`f"V
ds vè;kid iwoZ fuèkkZfjr fnu vkSj le; ds vuqlkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s
miyCèk jgrs gSaA bl lacaèk esa lkIrkfgd vkèkkj ij n`f"V dk;kZy; ls
lwpuk yh tk ldrh gSA
eq[; ijh{kk
eq[; ijh{kk D;k gS\ (What is Main Examination?)
flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk nwljk pj.k ^eq[; ijh{kk* dgykrk gSA
izkjafHkd ijh{kk dk mís'; fliQZ bruk gS fd lHkh mEehnokjksa esa ls dqN
xaHkhj o ;ksX; mEehnokjksa dks pqu fy;k tk, rFkk okLrfod ijh{kk mu
pqus gq, mEehnokjksa ds chp vk;ksftr djkbZ tk,A izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa
liQy gksus okys mEehnokjksa dks lkekU;r% flracj ekg ds nkSjku eq[;
ijh{kk nsus ds fy;s vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA xkSjryc gS fd tgk¡ izkjafHkd
ijh{kk iwjh rjg oLrqfu"B (Objective) gksrh gS] ogha eq[; ijh{kk esa
vyx&vyx 'kCn lhek okys o.kZukRed (Descriptive) iz'u iwNs tkrs
gSaA bu iz'uksa esa fofHkUu fodYiksa esa ls mÙkj pquuk ugha gksrk cfYd vius
'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd eq[; ijh{kk esa liQy gksus
ds fy;s vPNh ys[ku 'kSyh dks Hkh ,d egÙoiw.kZ ;ksX;rk ekuk tkrk gSA
eq[; ijh{kk dh lajpuk o iz.kkyh
(Structure & System of Main Examination)
eq[; ijh{kk oqQy 1750 vadksa dh gksrh gS ftlesa 1000 vad
lkekU; vè;;u ds fy;s (250–250 vadksa ds 4 iz'ui=k)] 500 vad
,d oSdfYid fo"k; ds fy;s (250–250 vadksa ds 2 iz'ui=k) rFkk
250 vad fucaèk ds fy;s fuèkkZfjr gSaA blds vykok] 300-300 vadksa
ds nks iz'ui=k [vaxzs”kh rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk (fganh ;k dksbZ vU; Hkk"kk)]
gksrs gSa tks DokyhiQkbax izÑfr ds gSaA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa U;wure vgZrk
vad 25% (75) rFkk vaxsz”kh esa Hkh U;wure vgZrk vad 25% (75)
fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaA
eq[; ijh{kk dh orZeku iz.kkyh bl izdkj gS&
iz'ui=k&1 fucaèk 250 vad
iz'ui=k&2 lkekU; vè;;u&1% (Hkkjrh; fojklr 250 vad
vkSj laLÑfr] fo'o dk bfrgkl ,oa
Hkwxksy rFkk lekt)
iz'ui=k&3 lkekU; vè;;u&2% ('kklu O;oLFkk] 250 vad
lafoèkku] jktO;oLFkk] lkekftd U;k;
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk)
iz'ui=k&4 lkekU; vè;;u&3% (izkS|ksfxdh] 250 vad
vk£Fkd fodkl] tSo&fofoèkrk]
i;kZoj.k] lqj{kk rFkk vkink& izcaèku)
iz'ui=k&5 lkekU; vè;;u&4% (uhfr'kkL=k] 250 vad
lR;fu"Bk vkSj vfHko`fÙk)
iz'ui=k&6 oSdfYid fo"k;& iz'ui=k&1 250 vad
iz'ui=k&7 oSdfYid fo"k;& iz'ui=k&2 250 vad
DokfyiQkbax&1 vaxzs”kh 300 vad··
DokfyiQkbax&2 fganh ;k lafoèkku dh 8oha vuqlwph 300 vad··
esa 'kkfey dksbZ Hkk"kk
oqQy vad (Total Marks)
1750 vad
··è;ku nsa fd nksuksa DokfyiQkbax iz'ui=kksa ds vad ;ksX;rk fuèkkZj.k
ds fy;s ugha tksM+s tkrs gSaA
uksV% eq[; ijh{kk ds iz'ui=k vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa esa lkFk&lkFk
izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSa] ij mEehnokjksa dks lafoèkku dh vkBoha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey
22 Hkk"kkvksa esa ls fdlh esa Hkh mÙkj nsus dh NwV gksrh gSA os flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds
iQkWeZ esa eq[; ijh{kk gsrq ftl Hkk"kk dks vius ekè;e ds rkSj ij vafdr djrs gSa]
mUgsa eq[; ijh{kk ds lHkh iz'ui=kksa ds mÙkj mlh Hkk"kk esa fy[kus gksrs gSaA dsoy
lkfgR; ds fo"k;ksa esa ;g NwV gS fd mEehnokj mlh Hkk"kk dh fyfi esa mÙkj fy[krk
gS] pkgs mldk ekè;e og Hkk"kk u gksA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] vaxsz”kh ekè;e dk mEehnokj
vxj oSdfYid fo"k; ds :i esa fganh lkfgR; dk p;u djrk gS rks mlds mÙkj og
nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[ksxkA 'ks"k ekeyksa esa] bldh vuqefr ugha gS fd mEehnokj
vyx&vyx iz'ui=kksa ds mÙkj vyx&vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa ns (gkyk¡fd oqQN jkT;ksa ds
yksd lsok vk;ksxksa us ,slh vuqefr nh gqbZ gS)A
eSa ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dk fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡A fgUnh ekè;e ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g if=kdk cgqr mi;ksxh lkfcr gks jgh gSA bl
if=kdk dk vkys[k [kaM csgn ljkguh; gSA fuca/ ds fy;s m¼j.k eSaus blh if=kdk ls rS;kj fd;s FksA
&xaxk flag (IAS 2016, 33oha jSad)
9

eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s oSdfYid fo"k;ksa dh lwph
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
Ñf"k
i'kqikyu ,oa i'kqfpfdRlk foKku
u`foKku
ouLifr foKku
jlk;u foKku
flfoy bathfu;jh
okf.kT;'kkL=k rFkk ys[kk fofèk
vFkZ'kkL=k
fo|qr bathfu;jh
Hkwxksy
Hkw&foKku
bfrgkl
fofèk
izcaèku
zzxf.kr
z z;kaf=kd bathfu;jh
zzfpfdRlk foKku
zzn'kZu'kkL=k
zzHkkSfrdh
zzjktuhfr foKku rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk
zzeuksfoKku
zzyksd iz'kklu
zzlekt'kkL=k
zzlkaf[;dh
zzizkf.k foKku
zzfuEufyf[kr Hkk"kkvksa esa ls fdlh ,d Hkk"kk dk lkfgR; % vlfe;k]
caxkyh] cksMks] Mksxjh] xqtjkrh] fganh] dUuM+] d'ehjh] dksad.kh]
eSfFkyh] ey;kye] ef.kiqjh] ejkBh] usikyh] vksfM;k] iatkch]
laLÑr] laFkkyh] flaèkh] rfey] rsyqxw] mnwZ vkSj vaxzs”khA
10

lkekU; vè;;u (eq[; ijh{kk) % ikB~;Øe [General Studies (Mains): Syllabus]
lkekU; vè;;u iz'ui=k&1% Hkkjrh; fojklr vkSj laLÑfr] fo'o GS-Paper 1: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and
dk bfrgkl ,oa Hkwxksy vkSj lekt
Geography of the World and Society
Ø-la- fo"k; S.No. Topic
1. Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa izkphu dky ls vkèkqfud dky rd ds dyk
ds :i] lkfgR; vkSj okLrqdyk ds eq[; igyw 'kkfey gksaxsA
2. 18oha lnh ds yxHkx eè; ls ysdj orZeku le; rd dk vkèkqfud
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl& egÙoiw.kZ ?kVuk,¡] O;fDrRo] fo"k;A
3. Lora=krk laxzke& blds fofHkUu pj.k vkSj ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ls
blesa viuk ;ksxnku nsus okys egÙoiw.kZ O;fDr@mudk ;ksxnkuA
1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms,
Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the
eighteenth century until the present- significant events,
personalities, issues.
3. The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important
contributors/contributions from different parts of the
country.
4. Lora=krk ds i'pkr~ ns'k ds vanj ,dhdj.k vkSj iquxZBuA 4. Post-independence consolidation and reorganization
within the country.
5. fo'o ds bfrgkl esa 18oha lnh rFkk ckn dh ?kVuk,¡ ;Fkk vkS|ksfxd
Økafr] fo'o ;q¼] jk"Vªh; lhekvksa dk iqu%lhekadu] mifuos'kokn]
mifuos'kokn dh lekfIr] jktuhfrd n'kZu tSls lkE;okn] iwathokn]
lektokn vkfn 'kkfey gksaxs] muds :i vkSj lekt ij mudk izHkkoA
5. History of the world will include events from 18th century
such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of
national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization,
Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism,
Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
6. Hkkjrh; lekt dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡] Hkkjr dh fofoèkrkA 6. Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
7. efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj efgyk laxBu] tula[;k ,oa lac¼ eqís]
xjhch vkSj fodklkRed fo"k;] 'kgjhdj.k] mudh leL;k,¡ vkSj
muds j{kksik;A
7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population
and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues,
Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
8. Hkkjrh; lekt ij HkweaMyhdj.k dk izHkkoA 8. Effects of globalization on Indian society.
9. lkekftd l'kDrhdj.k] laiznk;okn] {ks=kokn vkSj èkeZfujis{krkA 9. Social empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism &
Secularism.
10. fo'o ds HkkSfrd Hkwxksy dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡A 10. Salient features of world’s physical geography.
11. fo'o Hkj ds eq[; izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk forj.k (nf{k.k ,f'k;k
vkSj Hkkjrh; miegk}hi dks 'kkfey djrs gq,)] fo'o (Hkkjr lfgr)
ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa izkFkfed] f}rh;d vkSj r`rh;d {ks=k ds m|ksxksa
dks LFkkfir djus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj dkjdA
12. Hkwdai] lqukeh] Tokykeq[kh; gypy] pØokr vkfn tSlh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkw&HkkSfrdh; ?kVuk,¡] HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj muds LFkku& vfr
egÙoiw.kZ HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krkvksa (ty&lzksr vkSj fgekoj.k lfgr)
vkSj ouLifr ,oa izkf.ktxr esa ifjorZu vkSj bl izdkj ds ifjorZuksa
ds izHkkoA
11. Distribution of key natural resources across the world
(including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent);
factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary
and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world
(including India).
12. Important Geophysical phenomena such as Earthquakes,
Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone etc., geographical
features and their location- changes in critical geographical
features (including Waterbodies and Ice-caps) and in flora
and fauna and the effects of such changes.
&gseUr lrh (IAS 2016 esa 88oha jSad)
eSa n`f"V laLFkku o O;fDrxr :i ls fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dh vkHkkjh gw¡ ftUgksaus yxkrkj eq>s lgh fn'kk dh rjiQ vxzlj fd;kA eSa fu;fer
:i ls ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dh ikBd jgh gw¡A blds fganh o vaxzs”kh nksuksa o”kZu] nksuksa ekè;eksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s dkiQh ykHkizn
jgs gSaA
&vkjrh flag (IAS 2016 esa 116oha jSad)
&dapu dqekj dk.Miky (IAS 2016 esa p;fur)
11

lkekU; vè;;u iz'ui=k&2% 'kklu O;oLFkk] lafoèkku] 'kklu
iz.kkyh] lkekftd U;k; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk
GS-Paper 2 : Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social
Justice and International Relations
Ø-la- fo"k; S.No. Topic
1. Hkkjrh; lafoèkku& ,sfrgkfld vkèkkj] fodkl] fo'ks"krk,¡] la'kksèku]
egÙoiw.kZ izkoèkku vkSj cqfu;knh lajpukA
2. la?k ,oa jkT;ksa ds dk;Z rFkk mÙkjnkf;Ro] la?kh; <k¡ps ls lacafèkr fo"k;
,oa pqukSfr;k¡] LFkkuh; Lrj ij 'kfDr;ksa vkSj foÙk dk gLrkarj.k vkSj
mldh pqukSfr;k¡A
3. fofHkUu ?kVdksa ds chp 'kfDr;ksa dk i`FkDdj.k] fookn fuokj.k ra=k
rFkk laLFkkuA
12
1. Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution,
features, amendments, significant provisions and basic
structure.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States,
issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure,
devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and
challenges therein.
3. Separation of powers between various organs, dispute
redressal mechanisms and institutions.
4. Hkkjrh; laoSèkkfud ;kstuk dh vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk rqyukA 4. Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of
other countries.
5. laln vkSj jkT; foèkkf;dk& lajpuk] dk;Z] dk;Z&lapkyu] 'kfDr;k¡
,oa fo'ks"kkfèkdkj vkSj buls mRiUu gksus okys fo"k;A
6. dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk dh lajpuk] laxBu vkSj dk;Z& ljdkj
ds ea=kky; ,oa foHkkx] izHkkod lewg vkSj vkSipkfjd@vukSipkfjd
la?k rFkk 'kklu iz.kkyh esa mudh HkwfedkA
5. Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning,
conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising
out of these.
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and
the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government;
pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their
role in the Polity.
7. tu izfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡A 7. Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
8. fofHkUu laoSèkkfud inksa ij fu;qfDr vkSj fofHkUu laoSèkkfud fudk;ksa
dh 'kfDr;k¡] dk;Z vkSj mÙkjnkf;RoA
8. Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers,
functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional
Bodies.
9. lkafofèkd] fofu;ked vkSj fofHkUu v¼ZZ&U;kf;d fudk;A 9. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
10. ljdkjh uhfr;ksa vkSj fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fodkl ds fy;s gLr{ksi vkSj
muds vfHkdYiu rFkk dk;kZUo;u ds dkj.k mRiUu fo"k;A
11. fodkl izfØ;k rFkk fodkl m|ksx& xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa] Lo;a lgk;rk
lewgksa] fofHkUu lewgksa vkSj la?kksa] nkudrkZvksa] yksdksidkjh laLFkkvksa]
laLFkkxr ,oa vU; i{kksa dh HkwfedkA
12. dsUnz ,oa jkT;ksa }kjk tula[;k ds vfr laosnu'khy oxks± ds fy;s
dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,¡ vkSj bu ;kstukvksa dk dk;Z&fu"iknu_ bu vfr
laosnu'khy oxks± dh j{kk ,oa csgrjh ds fy;s xfBr ra=k] fofèk] laLFkku
,oa fudk;A
13. LokLF;] f'k{kk] ekuo lalkèkuksa ls lacafèkr lkekftd {ks=k@lsokvksa ds
fodkl vkSj izcaèku ls lacafèkr fo"k;A
10. Government policies and interventions for development in
various sectors and issues arising out of their design and
implementation.
11. Development processes and the development industry- the
role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors,
charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
12. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by
the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes;
mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
13. Issues relating to development and management of Social
Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
Resources.
14. xjhch ,oa Hkw[k ls lacafèkr fo"k;A 14. Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
15. 'kklu O;oLFkk] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ds egÙoiw.kZ i{k] bZ&xous±l&
vuqiz;ksx] ekWMy] liQyrk,¡] lhek,¡ vkSj laHkkouk,¡_ ukxfjd pkVZj]
ikjnf'kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh vkSj laLFkkxr rFkk vU; mik;A
15. Important aspects of governance, transparency and
accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes,
limitations and potential; citizens charters, transparency &
accountability and institutional and other measures.
16. yksdra=k esa flfoy lsokvksa dh HkwfedkA 16. Role of civil services in a democracy.
17. Hkkjr ,oa blds iM+kslh& lacaèkA 17. India and its neighborhood- relations.
18. f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od lewg vkSj Hkkjr ls lacafèkr vkSj@vFkok
Hkkjr ds fgrksa dks izHkkfor djus okys djkjA
19. Hkkjr ds fgrksa ij fodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa rFkk
jktuhfr dk izHkko_ izoklh Hkkjrh;A
18. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements
involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
19. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing
countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
20. egÙoiw.kZ varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku] laLFkk,¡ vkSj eap& mudh lajpuk] vfèkns'kA 20. Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their
structure, mandate.

lkekU; vè;;u iz'ui=k&3% izkS|ksfxdh] vkfFkZd fodkl] tSo
fofoèkrk] i;kZoj.k] lqj{kk rFkk vkink izcaèku
GS-Paper 3: Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity,
Environment, Security & Disaster Management
Ø-la- fo"k; S.No. Topic
1. Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ;kstuk] lalkèkuksa dks tqVkus] izxfr]
fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls lacafèkr fo"k;A
1. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization
of resources, growth, development and employment.
2. lekos'kh fodkl rFkk blls mRiUu fo"k;A 2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
3. ljdkjh ctVA 3. Government Budgeting.
4. eq[; iQlysa& ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa iQlyksa dk iSVuZ& flapkbZ
ds fofHkUu izdkj ,oa flapkbZ iz.kkyh& Ñf"k mRikn dk HkaMkj.k]
ifjogu rFkk foi.ku] lacafèkr fo"k; vkSj ckèkk,¡_ fdlkuksa dh
lgk;rk ds fy;s bZ&izkS|ksfxdhA
5. izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k Ñf"k lgk;rk rFkk U;wure leFkZu ewY; ls
lacafèkr fo"k;_ tu forj.k iz.kkyh& mís';] dk;Z] lhek,¡] lqèkkj_
ciQj LVkWd rFkk [kk| lqj{kk lacaèkh fo"k;_ izkS|ksfxdh fe'ku_
i'kq ikyu lacaèkh vFkZ'kkL=kA
6. Hkkjr esa [kk| izlaLdj.k ,oa lacafèkr m|ksx& dk;Z{ks=k ,oa egÙo]
LFkku] Åijh vkSj uhps dh vis{kk,¡] vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk izcaèkuA
7. Hkkjr esa Hkwfe lqèkkjA 7. Land reforms in India.
8. mnkjhdj.k dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko] vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa ifjorZu
rFkk vkS|ksfxd fodkl ij budk izHkkoA
4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the
country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems
– storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce
and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid
of farmers.
5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and
minimum support prices; Public Distribution Systemobjectives,
functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of
buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions;
economics of animal-rearing.
6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and
significance, location, upstream and downstream
requirements, supply chain management.
8. Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in
industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
9. cqfu;knh <k¡pk% ÅtkZ] canjxkg] lM+d] foekuiÙku] jsyos vkfnA 9. Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
10. fuos'k ekWMyA 10. Investment models.
11. foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh& fodkl ,oa vuqiz;ksx vkSj jks”kejkZ ds
thou ij bldk izHkkoA
12. foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh miyfCèk;k¡_ ns'kt :i ls
izkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl vkSj ubZ izkS|ksfxdh dk fodklA
13. lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh] varfj{k] daI;wVj] jkscksfVDl] uSuks&VSDuksykWth]
ck;ks&VSDuksykWth vkSj ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ls lacafèkr fo"k;ksa
ds lacaèk esa tkx#drkA
11. Science and Technology- developments and their
applications and effects in everyday life.
12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology;
indigenization of technology and developing new
technology.
13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics,
nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to
intellectual property rights.
14. laj{k.k] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k vkSj {kj.k] i;kZoj.k izHkko dk vkdyuA 14. Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation,
environmental impact assessment.
15. vkink vkSj vkink izcaèkuA 15. Disaster and disaster management.
16. fodkl vkSj iSQyrs mxzokn ds chp lacaèkA 16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
17. vkarfjd lqj{kk ds fy;s pqukSrh mRiUu djus okys 'kklu fojksèkh
rÙoksa dh HkwfedkA
18. lapkj usVooZQ ds ekè;e ls vkarfjd lqj{kk dks pqukSrh] vkarfjd
lqj{kk pqukSfr;ksa esa ehfM;k vkSj lkekftd usVo²dx lkbVksa dh
Hkwfedk] lkbcj lqj{kk dh cqfu;knh ckrsa] èku&'kksèku vkSj bls jksdukA
19. lhekorhZ {ks=kksa esa lqj{kk pqukSfr;k¡ ,oa mudk izcaèku& laxfBr
vijkèk vkSj vkradokn ds chp lacaèkA
17. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating
challenges to internal security.
18. Challenges to internal security through communication
networks, role of media and social networking sites in
internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
money-laundering and its prevention.
19. Security challenges and their management in border areas;
–linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
20. fofHkUu lqj{kk cy vkSj laLFkk,¡ rFkk muds vfèkns'kA 20. Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
13

lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&4%
uhfr'kkL=k] lR;fu"Bk vkSj vfHk#fp
bl iz'u&i=k esa ,sls iz'u 'kkfey gksaxs tks lkoZtfud thou esa mEehnokjksa dh
lR;fu"Bk] bZekunkjh ls lacafèkr fo"k;ksa ds izfr mudh vfHko`fÙk rFkk muds n`f"Vdks.k
rFkk lekt ls vkpkj&O;ogkj esa fofHkUu eqíksa rFkk lkeus vkus okyh leL;kvksa ds
lekèkku dks ysdj mudh eukso`fÙk dk ijh{k.k djsaxsA bu vk;keksa dk fuèkkZj.k djus
ds fy;s iz'u&i=k esa fdlh ekeys ds vè;;u (dsl LVMh) dk ekè;e Hkh pquk
tk ldrk gSA eq[; :i ls fuEufyf[kr {ks=kksa dks doj fd;k tk,xkA
GS-Paper 4 :
Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
This paper will include questions to test the candidates attitude
and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life
and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts
faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the
case study approach to determine these aspects. The following
broad areas will be covered.
Ø-la- fo"k; S.No. Topic
1. uhfr'kkL=k rFkk ekuoh; lg&lacaèk% ekuoh; fØ;kdykiksa esa
uhfr'kkL=k dk lkj rÙo] blds fuèkkZjd vkSj ifj.kke_ uhfr'kkL=k
ds vk;ke_ futh vkSj lkoZtfud lacaèkksa esa uhfr'kkL=k] ekuoh;
ewY;& egku usrkvksa] lqèkkjdksa vkSj iz'kkldksa ds thou rFkk
muds mins'kksa ls f'k{kk_ ewY; fodflr djus esa ifjokj] lekt
vkSj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dh HkwfedkA
2. vfHko`fÙk% lkjka'k (daVsUV)] lajpuk] o`fÙk_ fopkj rFkk vkpj.k
ds ifjizs{; esa bldk izHkko ,oa lacaèk_ uSfrd vkSj jktuhfrd
vfHk#fp_ lkekftd izHkko vkSj èkkj.kA
3. flfoy lsok ds fy;s vfHk#fp rFkk cqfu;knh ewY;& lR;fu"Bk]
HksnHkko jfgr rFkk xSj&rjiQnkjh] fu"i{krk] lkoZtfud lsok ds
izfr leiZ.k Hkko] de”kksj oxks± ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr] lfg".kqrk
rFkk laosnukA
4. HkkoukRed le>% voèkkj.kk,¡ rFkk iz'kklu vkSj 'kklu O;oLFkk
esa muds mi;ksx vkSj iz;ksxA
14
1. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and
consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of
ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human
Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great
leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family,
society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
2. Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and
relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political
attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
3. Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service –
integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity,
dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and
compassion towards the weaker sections.
4. Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and
application in administration and governance.
5. Hkkjr rFkk fo'o ds uSfrd fopkjdksa rFkk nk'kZfudksa ds ;ksxnkuA 5. Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from
India and world.
6. yksd iz'kklu esa yksd@flfoy lsok ewY; rFkk uhfr'kkL=k% fLFkfr
rFkk leL;k,¡_ ljdkjh rFkk futh laLFkkuksa esa uSfrd fpark,¡ rFkk
nqfoèkk,¡_ uSfrd ekxZn'kZu ds lzksrksa ds :i esa fofèk] fu;e]
fofu;e rFkk varjkRek_ mÙkjnkf;Ro rFkk uSfrd 'kklu] 'kklu
O;oLFkk esa uhfrijd rFkk uSfrd ewY;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k_ varjkZ"Vªh;
lacaèkksa rFkk fufèk O;oLFkk (iaQfMax) esa uSfrd eqís_ dkWjiksjsV
'kklu O;oLFkkA
7. 'kklu O;oLFkk esa bZekunkjh% yksd lsok dh voèkkj.kk_ 'kklu
O;oLFkk vkSj bZekunkjh dk nk'kZfud vkèkkj] ljdkj esa lwpuk
dk vknku&iznku vkSj ikjnf'kZrk] lwpuk dk vfèkdkj] uhfrijd
vkpkj lafgrk] vkpj.k lafgrk] ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk i=k] dk;Z laLÑfr]
lsok iznku djus dh xq.koÙkk] yksd fufèk dk mi;ksx] Hkz"Vkpkj
dh pqukSfr;k¡A
6. Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public
administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and
dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws,
rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical
guidance; accountability and ethical governance;
strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance;
ethical issues in international relations and funding;
corporate governance.
7. Probity in Governance: Concept of public service;
Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information
sharing and transparency in government, Right to
Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s
Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery,
Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
8. mi;qZDr fo"k;ksa ij ekeyk lacaèkh vè;;u (dsl LVMh”k)A 8. Case Studies on above issues.
eSa vaxzs”kh ekè;e dk fo|kFkhZ gksus ds ckotwn eSaus n`f"V laLFkku ls lkekU; vè;;u rFkk fuca/ dh d{kk,¡ dhaA blds lkFk gh VsLV lhjh”k ,oa
lk{kkRdkj ds fy;s ekxZn'kZu Hkh izkIr fd;k] ftldk esjh liQyrk esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA eSaus ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dk fu;fer vè;;u fd;k
gS ;g if=kdk esjh rS;kjh esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ lkexzh lkfcr gqbZ gSA eSa rS;kjh djus okys fofHkUu vH;fFkZ;ksa dks Hkh blds vè;;u dh lykg nsrk gw¡A
&lquhy 'kekZ (IAS 2016 esa 237oha jSad)

flfoy lsok eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u ds iz'ui=ksa dk [k.Mokj ,oa vadokj oxhZdj.k
Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk bfrgkl
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&1
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
Hkkjrh; fojklr ,oa laLÑfr 4 (50 vad) 1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 4 (40 vad) 3 (20 vad)
vkèkqfud Hkkjr dk bfrgkl
(Lora=krk ls iwoZ)
vkèkqfud Hkkjr dk bfrgkl
(Lora=krk ls i'pkr~)
1 (10 vad) 5 (65 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (30 vad) 4 (40 vad)
1 (15 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) & 4 (40 vad)
fo'o bfrgkl – 1 (10 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (30 vad) 4 (40 vad)
vad 75 vad 85 vad 87.5 vad 87.5 vad 100 vad 140 vad
Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkekftd leL;k,¡
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
Hkkjrh; lekt dh fo'ks"krk,¡ 1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) & 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad) &
efgykvksa ls lacafèkr eqís 1 (15 vad) – & 1 (12.5 vad) 3 (30 vad) 1 (10 vad)
xjhch ,oa fodklkRed fo"k; 2 (25 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – –
'kgjhdj.k – 1 (15 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) – 1 (10 vad)
tula[;k – – & 2 (25 vad) – –
Hkkjrh; lekt ij Hkwe.Myhdj.k dk izHkko 1 (15 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) – – 1 (10 vad)
laiznk;okn] {ks=kokn] èkeZfujis{krk 2 (25 vad) 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (10 vad) 1 (10 vad)
lkekftd l'kfDrdj.k – 1 (10 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – –
vad 90 vad 65 vad 75 vad 100 vad 50 vad 40 vad
Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
HkkSfrd Hkwxksy 2 (25 vad) 3 (40 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (20 vad) 5 (30 vad)
izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk forj.k 2 (25 vad) 1 (10 vad) 5 (62.5 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 2 (20 vad) 2 (20 vad)
Hkkjr ,oa fo'o esa m|ksxksa dks LFkkfir
djus okys dkjd
egÙoiw.kZ Hkw&HkkSfrd ?kVuk,¡ (Hkwdai]
lqukeh] Tokykeq[kh bR;kfn)
2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) – – 3 (30 vad) 2 (10 vad)
– 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 2 (20 vad) 2 (10 vad)
HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj muds LFkku 1 (10 vad) 1 (10 vad) – – 1 (10 vad) –
vad 85 vad 100 vad 87.5 vad 62.5 vad 100 vad 70 vad
oqQy vad 250 250 250 250 250 250
eSaus ijh{kk dh rS;kjh ds fy;s n`f"V laLFkku ls ekxZn'kZu fy;k ,oa d{kk,¡ dhA esjh liQyrk esa n`f"V laLFkku] fo'ks"kdj fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj
dh cgqr ldkjkRed Hkwfedk jgh gSA fucaèk esjk ges'kk ls ,d e”kcwr i{k jgk gS] fiQj Hkh eSaus vius dqN fucaèk fodkl lj ls t¡pok, tks
esjs fy;s cgqr mi;ksxh jgkA
&fu'kkar tSu (IAS, jktLFkku dkMj)
eq>s n`f"V laLFkku] [kkldj fodkl lj ds O;fDrxr ekxZn'kZu ls bl liQyrk dks de le; esa izkIr djus esa dkiQh lgk;rk feyhA
&/uat; ikBd (fMIVh dyDVj] JPSC)
15

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa 'kklu O;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku (fo'ks"krk,¡ izkoèkku) Hkkjrh;
laoSèkkfud ;kstuk dh vU; ns'kksa ls rqyuk
la?kh; <k¡ps ls lacafèkr fo"k; ,oa
LFkkuh; 'kklu
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&2
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
1 (15 vad) 2 (30 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (20 vad)
2 (30 vad) 1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
foèkkf;dk ,oa tuizfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e 1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
dk;Zikfydk 1 (10 vad) – – – 2 (25 vad) –
U;k;ikfydk 1 (15 vad) 1 (10 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) –
fofHkUu ?kVdksa ds eè; 'kfDr dk i`FkDdj.k – – – 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (10 vad)
laoSèkkfud in rFkk laoSèkkfud fofèkd]
fofu;ked ,oa vèkZ&U;kf;d fudk;
4 (45 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 3 (30 vad)
yksdra=k esa flfoy lsok – 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) –
vad 125 vad 115 vad 112.5 vad 100 vad 100 vad 80 vad
'kklu iz.kkyh ,oa lkekftd U;k;
fodkl ds fy;s ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ ,oa
fØ;kUo;u ls lacafèkr fo"k;
xSj ljdkjh laxBu] Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ,oa
fofHkUu lewgksa dh fodkl izfØ;k esa
Hkwfedk
vfrlaosnu'khy oxks± ds fy;s pykbZ xbZ
dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,¡
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
1 (10 vad) 3 (40 vad) – – 4 (50 vad) 1 (10 vad)
– 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (20 vad)
– 1 (10 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
ekuo lalkèku ls lacafèkr fo"k; 2 (25 vad) – 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (20 vad)
xjhch ,oa Hkw[k ls lacafèkr fo"k; 1 (15 vad) 1 (10 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) – –
'kklu iz.kkyh ls lacafèkr fo"k;] ikjnf'kZrk]
tokcnsgh] bZ&xous±l] flfV”ku pkVZj
2 (25 vad) – 3 (37.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) – 3 (30 vad)
vad 75 vad 85 vad 87.5 vad 100 vad 87.5 vad 90 vad
varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
Hkkjr ,oa blds iM+kslh ns'k 2 (20 vad) 1 (10 vad) – 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 6 (60 vad)
f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; ,oa oSf'od lewg]
fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa
dk Hkkjr ij izHkko] izoklh Hkkjrh;
1 (15 vad) 2 (30 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
egÙoiw.kZ varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku 1 (15 vad) 1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
vad 50 vad 50 vad 50 vad 50 vad 62.5 vad 80 vad
oqQy vad 250 250 250 250 250 250
esjh liQyrk esa izR;{k :i ls cgqr ls yksxksa dk ;ksxnku gS fdarq fodkl lj dk fo'ks"k rkSj ij lg;ksx jgkA eSaus n`f"V laLFkku ls ekxZn'kZu
fy;k rFkk esjh liQyrk esa bl laLFkku dk cgqr cM+k ;ksxnku gSA
&jktsUnz iSafl;k (IAS, mÙkj izns'k dkMj)
16

vFkZO;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] ;kstuk] lalkèku]
fodkl] jks”kxkj ls lacafèkr eqís
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&3
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
2 (30 vad) 2 (20 vad) – 3 (37.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) –
lekos'kh fodkl 1 (10 vad) 1 (15 vad) 2 (25 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
ctV 1 (10 vad) 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – – 3 (30 vad)
eq[; iQlysa] Ñf"k mRikn dk HkaMkj.k] ifjogu]
flapkbZ] bZ&izkS|ksfxdh rFkk vU; lacafèkr fo"k;
,oa ckèkk,¡
izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k Ñf"k lgk;rk] tu forj.k
iz.kkyh] [kk| lqj{kk
3 (40 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) –
1 (10 vad) 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 2 (20 vad)
[kk| izlaLdj.k ,oa lacafèkr m|ksx] i'kqikyu – 1 (10 vad) – 2 (25 vad) – 1 (10 vad)
Hkkjr esa Hkwfe lqèkkj – – 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
mnkjhdj.k dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko]
vkS|ksfxd uhfr
– 1 (15 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
cqfu;knh <k¡pk 1 (15 vad) – 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
fuos'k ekWMy – 1 (10 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (20 vad)
vad 115 vad 125 vad 137.5 vad 125 vad 112.5 vad 120 vad
foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl] vuqiz;ksx]
lwpuk ,oa izkS|ksfxdh] varfj{k] jkscksfVDl
bR;kfn] ckSf¼d laink ls lacafèkr fo"k;
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh miyfCèk;k¡]
ns'kt :i ls izkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
1 (15 vad) 1 (10 vad) – 3 (37.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 6 (45 vad)
1 (10 vad) 2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) –
vad 25 vad 35 vad 25 vad 50 vad 37.5 vad 45 vad
i;kZoj.k 4 (45 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (25 vad)
vkink izcaèku 1 (15 vad) 1 (15 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 1 (10 vad)
lqj{kk
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
fodkl ,oa mxzokn ds chp lacaèk 1 (10 vad) – – 1 (12.5 vad) – 1 (10 vad)
vkarfjd lqj{kk dh pqukSfr;k¡] lkbcj lqj{kk]
èku'kksèku
lhekorhZ {ks=kksa esa lqj{kk pqukSfr;k¡] laxfBr
vijkèk ,oa vkradokn
1 (15 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 2 (25 vad) 1 (12.5 vad) 3 (30 vad)
2 (25 vad) 2 (25 vad) 3 (37.5 vad) – 4 (50 vad) 1 (10 vad)
lqj{kk cy vkSj laLFkku rFkk muds vfèkns'k – – – 1 (12.5 vad) – –
vad 50 vad 50 vad 50 vad 50 vad 62.5 vad 50 vad
oqQy vad 250 250 250 250 250 250
&nsohyky (IAS, xqtjkr dkMj)
17

uhfr'kkL=k] lR;fu"Bk vkSj vfHk#fp
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2018
lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&4
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2017
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2016
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2015
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2014
iz'uksa dh la[;k@
vad 2013
uhfr'kkL=k rFkk ekuoh; lg&lacaèk% ekuoh;
fØ;kdykiksa esa uhfr'kkL=k dk lkj] fuèkkZjd]
ifj.kke] vk;ke] lkoZtfud ,oa futh lacaèk esa 1 (10 vad) 3 (30 vad) 3 (40 vad) 4 (55 vad) 4 (40 vad) 2 (20 vad)
uhfr'kkL=k] ewY; fodflr djus esa ifjokj lekt
o f'k{k.k laLFkk,¡
vfHko`fÙk% lkjka'k] lajpuk] o`fÙk] fopkj vkpj.k
esa bldk izHkko] uSfrd jktuhfrd vfHk#fp] – 1 (10 vad) 2 (20 vad) – 2 (20 vad) 1 (10 vad)
lkekftd izHkko ,oa èkkj.k
HkkokRed le>% voèkkj.kk rFkk iz'kklu esa
mi;skx
– 1 (10 vad) 1 (10 vad) – 1 (10 vad) 3 (30 vad)
Hkkjr ,oa fo'o ds uSfrd fopkjd ,oa
nk'kZfud
3 (30 vad) 2 (20 vad) 4 (40 vad) 2 (20 vad) 1 (10 vad) 3 (30 vad)
flfoy lsok ds fy;s vfHk#fp rFkk cqfu;knh
ewY;% lR;fu"Bk] xSj rjiQnkjh] lsok ds izfr 1 (10 vad) 3 (40 vad) 2 (30 vad) 5 (60 vad) 4 (50 vad) 3 (50 vad)
leiZ.k] de”kksj oxZ ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr
yksd iz'kklu esa yksd@flfoy lsok ewY; rFkk
uhfr'kkL=k] ljdkjh ,oa futh laLFkku esa uSfrd
8 (110 vad)
fpark ,oa nqfoèkk] mÙkjnkf;Ro] varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkksa
5 (70 vad) 3 (65 vad) 4 (70 vad) 5 (90 vad) 4 (70 vad)
,oa fufèk O;oLFkk ds uSfrd eqís
'kklu O;oLFkk esa bZekunkjh] yksd lsok dh
voèkkj.kk] lwpuk dk vfèkdkj] uhfrijd vkpkj
lafgrk] ikjnf'kZrk] dk;ZlaLÑfr lsok dh xq.koÙkk]
6 (90 vad) 4 (70 vad) 3 (45 vad) 3 (45 vad) 2 (30 vad) 2 (40 vad)
yksdfufèk] Hkz"Vkpkj
oqQy vad 250 250 250 250 250 250
eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u dh Hkwfedk
(Role of General Studies in Main Exam)
eq[; ijh{kk ds dqy 1750 vadksa esa ls 1000 vad lkekU;
vè;;u ds gksrs gSa] blfy;s ;g dguk vfr'k;ksfDr ugha fd dqN
vioknksa dks NksM+dj lHkh mEehnokjksa ds ekeys esa liQyrk dk fuèkkZj.k
lkekU; vè;;u esa mudh idM+ rFkk fu"iknu ds vkèkkj ij r; gksrk
gSA gk¡] lkFk esa ;g rks egÙoiw.kZ gS gh fd mEehnokj us lgh oSdfYid
fo"k; pquk Fkk ;k ugha_ vkSj fucaèk rFkk lk{kkRdkj ds fy;s leqfpr
rS;kjh dh Fkh ;k ugha\ o"kZ 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 ,oa 2018 dh
eq[; ijh{kkvksa esa fofHkUu oxks± ds fy;s dV&vkWiQ bl izdkj jgk&
oxZ 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
lkekU; oxZ 678 676 787 809 774
vU; fiNM+s oxZ 631 630 745 770 732
vuqlwfpr tkfr 631 622 739 756 719
vuqlwfpr tutkfr 619 617 730 749 719
fodykax oxZ&1 (PH-1) 609 580 713 734 711
fodykax oxZ&2 (PH-2) 575 627 740 745 696
fodykax oxZ&3 (PH-3) 449 504 545 578 520
lkj ;g gS fd eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u dh dsanzh; Hkwfedk
gSA oSdfYid fo"k; vkSj fucaèk dh Hkwfedk Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gS] fdarq buessa
vPNs vad ykdj lkekU; vè;;u esa gqbZ deh dh HkjikbZ dj ysuk
laHko ugha gSA
DokyhQkbax fo"k; (Qualifying Subject)
fganh ;k lafo/ku dh 8oha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey dksbZ Hkk"kk
Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d Hkk"kk] tks lafo/ku dh vkBoha vuqlwph
esa 'kkfey gS] mls isij–^d* ds fy;s mEehnokj }kjk p;fur fd;k
tkrk gSA ;g ç'ui=k v#.kkpy çns'k] ef.kiqj] es?kky;] fe”kksje] ukxkySaM
vkSj flfDde ds jgus okys mEehnokjksa ds fy;s vfuok;Z ugha gksxkA
bl isij dk iw.kk±d 300 gS ftlesa DokyhiQkbax vad 75 (25%)
fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ç'uksa dk iSVuZ eksVs rkSj ij fuEukuqlkj gksxk&
1. cks/xE;rk
2. laf{kIr ys•u
3. 'kCn ç;ksx o 'kCn Hk.Mkj
4. y?kq fuca/
5. vaxzs”kh ls Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ls vaxzs”kh esa vuqokn
18

vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk
bl isij dk iw.kk±d 300 gS ftlesa DokyhiQkbax vad 75 (25%)
fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ç'uksa dk iSVuZ eksVs rkSj ij fuEukuqlkj gksxk&
1- Comprehension of given passages (cks/xE;rk)
2- Précis Writing (laf{kIr ys•u)
3- Usage and Vocabulary ('kCn ç;ksx o 'kCn Hk.Mkj)
4- Short Essay (y?kq fuca/)
uksV%
zzHkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj vaxzs”kh ds ç'ui=k (ç'ui=k ^d* ,oa ç'ui=k
^•*) eSfVªdqys'ku vFkok led{k Lrj ds gksaxs ftuesa dsoy
vgZrk çkIr djuh gksxhA bu ç'ui=kksa esa çkIr vadksa dks ;ksX;rk
Øe fu/kZfjr djus esa ugha fxuk tk;sxkA
zzmEehnokjksa dks DokyhiQkbax vaxzs”kh ,oa ,d Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ds ç'ui=kksa
dk mÙkj Øe'k% vaxzs”kh ,oa lacaf/r Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa gh fy•uk
gksrk gS (;fn fdlh ç'u fo'ks"k esa vU;Fkk fufnZ"V u gks)A
zzlHkh mEehnokjksa ds fuca/] lkekU; vè;;u rFkk oSdfYid fo"k;
ds ç'ui=kksa dk ewY;kadu ^Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk* rFkk vaxzs”kh ds mu
vgZd ç'ui=k ds lkFk gh fd;k tk;sxk ijarq] fuca/] lkekU;
vè;;u rFkk oSdfYid fo"k; ds ç'ui=kksa ij dsoy ,sls mEehnokj
ds ekeys esa fopkj fd;k tk;sxk] tks bu vgZd ç'ui=kksa esa
U;wure vgZrk ekudksa ds #i esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa 25% rFkk
vaxzs”kh esa 25% vad çkIr djrs gSaA
fganh ekè;e ls tqM+h leL;k,¡
(Problems associated with Hindi Medium)
vxj vki fganh ekè;e ls flfoy lsok ijh{kk dh rS;kjh dj jgs
gSa rks vkidks lkekU; vè;;u ls tqM+h mu leL;kvksa dh le> gksuh
pkfg;s tks fo'ks"k :i ls vkids lkeus vkus okyh gSaA
ewy leL;k ;g gS fd lkekU; vè;;u (eq[; ijh{kk) esa fganh
ekè;e ds mEehnokj vaxzs”kh ekè;e dh rqyuk esa dqN uqdlku dh
fLFkfr esa jgrs gSaA vxj vki fdlh Hkh o"kZ ds ifj.kke esa vaxzs”kh vkSj
fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokjksa ds lkekU; vè;;u ds vadksa dh rqyuk
n`f"V gh D;ksa\
djsaxs rks ik,axs fd fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokj vkSlr :i ls 25–35
vad ihNs jg tkrs gSaA ;gh fLFkfr nksuksa ekè;eksa ds VkWilZ ds vadksa ds
chp Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g ugha gS fd vk;ksx tkucw>dj
fganh ekè;e ds fo#¼ dksbZ lkft'k djrk gSA njvly ;g uqdlku
ijh{kk iz.kkyh dh vkarfjd izÑfr ds dkj.k gksrk gSA bl uqdlku ds
dqN fo'ks"k dkj.k gSa] tSls&
1. igyk dkj.k ;g gS fd vaxzs”kh esa ftl Lrj dh ikB~;&lkexzh
feyrh gS] Bhd oSlh fganh esa ugha fey ikrhA ;g leL;k mu
[kaMksa esa ”;knk fodjky gS ftuesa jks”k&jks”k ubZ ?kVuk,¡ ?kVrh gSa
vkSj os fganh v[kckjksa esa ;k rks Nirh ugha] vkSj Nirh Hkh gSa rks
cgqr dkepykÅ <ax lsA ,sls [kaMksa esa foKku&rduhd] varjkZ"Vªh;
eqís rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk izeq[k gSaA xkSjryc gS fd bu [kaMksa ds fy;s
fdrkcksa] if=kdkvksa vkSj ^tuZYl* esa gh ugha] baVjusV ij Hkh fganh
esa cjkcj Lrj dh ikB~;&lkexzh ugha fey ikrhA
2. nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd cgqr ls ijh{kd vaxzs”kh esa ”;knk lgt
gksus (vkSj fganh esa de lgt gksus) ds dkj.k fganh ds mEehnokjksa
dh vfHkO;fDr ls iwjk rkyesy ugha cSBk ikrsA os fganh ekè;e
le>rs rks gSa] ij fganh esa dh xbZ izHkkoiw.kZ vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk
eeZ xzg.k ugha dj ikrsA ;g leL;k mu [kaMksa esa l?ku :i esa
fn[krh gS ftuesa ikfjHkkf"kd ;k rduhdh 'kCnkoyh dk ”;knk
iz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj ,sls 'kCnksa ds fganh vuqokn ijh{kdksa ds fy;s
nqcksZèk gksrs gSaA ,sls [kaMksa esa Hkwxksy] vFkZO;oLFkk] i;kZoj.k vkSj
foKku&rduhd dks izeq[k rkSj ij 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3. dHkh&dHkh iz'ui=k esa vuqokn dh xyrh ls Hkh ,slk uqdlku gks
tkrk gSA è;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd ewy iz'ui=k vaxzs”kh esa cuk;k
tkrk gS vkSj fganh esa mldk vuqokn fd;k tkrk gSA vxj vuqoknd
fdlh rduhdh 'kCn dk vuqokn iqLrdksa esa izpfyr vuqokn ls
vyx :i esa dj ns ;k fdlh eqgkojsnkj vfHkO;fDr dks lVhd
:i esa u le> ikus ds dkj.k vFkZ dk vuFkZ dj ns rks mldh
xyrh dh l”kk fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokjksa dks Hkqxruh iM+rh gSA
blds vykok] ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg;s fd lk{kkRdkj (Interview)
esa Hkh fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokj dbZ ckj uqdlku esa jgrs gSaA
flfoy lsok ijh{kk vius foLr`r ikB~;Øe rFkk ikB~;Øe dh
ifjorZu'khy çÑfr ds dkj.k ns'k dh lcls eqf'dy ijh{kkvksa esa ls
,d gSA ,d fuf'pr le; (1½–2 o"kZ) esa bl foLr`r ikB~;Øe dks
rS;kj dj liQyrk lwph esa viuk uke vafdr djokuk çR;sd fo|kFkhZ
ds le{k ,d pqukSrh gksrh gSA Lrjh; vè;;u lkexzh dh deh]
vfèkdrj ijh{kdksa dh vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk esa lgtrk bR;kfn ,sls dkjd gSa
ftlds dkj.k fgUnh ekè;e ds vH;FkhZ 1000 vadksa ds lkekU; vè;;u
ç'ui=k esa vkSlru 80–100 vadksa dk uqdlku >syrs gSa bl dkj.k
muds le{k liQyrk çkIr djus dh pqukSrh vkSj Hkh cM+h gks tkrh gSA
,sls esa vH;fFkZ;ksa ds le{k ,d gh fodYi mHkj dj lkeus vkrk gS&
dksfpax laLFkkuA ysfdu ;gk¡ leL;k ;s vkrh gS fd dkSu&lh dksfpax
muds fy;s csgrj jgsxh\ D;ksafd dbZ ckj xyr laLFkku esa ços'k ysus ds
dkj.k vH;fFkZ;ksa dks dbZ çdkj dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk
gSA blfy;s vH;fFkZ;ksa dks dksfpax laLFkku dh liQyrk nj] laLFkku ds
vè;kid lewg] vè;;u ç.kkyh] l=k dh vofèk] ikB~;& lkexzh bR;kfn
egÙoiw.kZ vkèkkjksa ij fdlh dksfpax laLFkku dk pquko djuk pkfg;sA
eSaus fucaèk rFkk lk{kkRdkj dh rS;kjh esa fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dk ekxZn'kZu fy;k FkkA esjh liQyrk esa ;g ekxZn'kZu dkiQh lgk;d jgkA
&izselq[k Msyw (IPS, xqtjkr dkMj)
19

çfro"kZ flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ;g crkrs gSa fd ^n`f"V*
laLFkku lkekU; vè;;u ds {ks=k esa fgUnh ekè;e vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s
,dek=k fodYi gSA flfoy lsok dh rS;kjh ds nkSjku fgUnh ekè;e ds
vH;fFkZ;ksa ds le{k vkus okyh leL;kvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj geus
,d lexz vdknfed dk;ZØe rS;kj fd;k gS tks fd n`f"V dks vU;
laLFkkuksa ls vyx vkSj csgrj cukrk gSA gekjs lexz vdknfed dk;ZØe
dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa&
lkekU; vè;;u ds izfr gekjk n`f"Vdks.k
(Our approach towards General Studies)
lkekU; vè;;u ds egÙo dks le>rs gq, ^n`f"V* dk u”kfj;k ;g
gS fd bls iwjs foLrkj vkSj xgjkbZ ds lkFk i<+k tkuk pkfg;sA ge
p;ukRed vè;;u (Selective Study) ds i{k esa ugha gSaA vktdy
iz'ui=k dh izÑfr ,slh gS Hkh ugha fd p;ukRed vè;;u djds liQy
gqvk tk ldsA ;gh dkj.k gS fd gekjs d{kk dk;ZØe esa lkekU; vè;;u
ds ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey izR;sd VkWfid dh rS;kjh djkbZ tkrh gS] dksbZ
Hkh VkWfid NksM+k ugha tkrkA blhfy;s gekjk lkekU; vè;;u (izkjafHkd
rFkk eq[; ijh{kk) dk l=k yxHkx 18 eghuksa rd pyrk gS tcfd
vfèkdka'k vU; laLFkk,¡ mls 8 ls 10 eghus gh i<+krh gSaA
blds vykok] gekjk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd izkjafHkd vkSj eq[;
ijh{kk ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh la;qDr :i ls dh tkuh
pkfg;s] u fd vyx&vyx_ D;ksafd ,dkèk [kaM dks NksM+ nsa rks lHkh
VkWfid nksuksa ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs tkrs gSaA varj fliZQ ;g gS fd izkjafHkd
ijh{kk esa vR;ar u”knhdh o tfVy fodYiksa ds chp lgh fodYi
pquuk gksrk gS tcfd eq[; ijh{kk esa mlls tqM+s i{kksa (izèkkur%
lelkef;d o O;kogkfjd i{kksa) ij vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gksrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa mEehnokj dh lw{e le> vkSj
lVhd tkudkfj;ksa dk ijh{k.k gksrk gS tcfd eq[; ijh{kk esa buds
lkFk&lkFk ys[ku&dkS'ky dk HkhA csgrj ;gh gS fd mEehnokj tks Hkh
VkWfid i<+s] mls ,d gh ckj esa bl rjg ls i<+ ys fd og nksuksa
pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa leFkZ gks tk,A gekjk ewy fo'okl ;gh
gS fd lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh la;qDr :i ls dh tkuh pkfg;sA
gekjk vè;kid lewg (Our Faculty Members)
^n`f"V* ds ikl lcls cM+h iwath Js"B vè;kidksa dh gSA geus vè;kidksa
ds p;u dh izfØ;k csgn dfBu j[kh gS ftlesa dbZ pj.kksa dks iwjk djus
ds ckn rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ^iQhMcSd* ds vkèkkj ij gh vè;kidksa dh
fu;qfDr o LFkkf;Ro dk fu.kZ; gksrk gSA bl p;u izfØ;k ds vkèkkj ij
gekjs ;gk¡ lkekU; vè;;u ds izR;sd [kaM ds fy;s fo'ks"kK vè;kid
fu;qDr fd;s x, gSa tks viuh lw{e le>] O;kid tkudkfj;ksa rFkk jkspd
izLrqrhdj.k ds fy;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vR;ar yksdfiz; gSaA gekjs vè;kid
lewg dk [kaM&okj ifjp; dk;kZy; ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Ñi;k è;ku nsa fd dHkh&dHkh (vR;ar fojy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa) ,slh
fLFkfr cu ldrh gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ^iQhMcSd* fdlh vè;kid ds
i{k esa u gksA ,slh fLFkfr esa n`f"V izcaèku fdlh Hkh vè;kid dks cny
ldrk gSA gekjh Li"V uhfr gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks loZJs"B vè;kid
gh feyus pkfg;saA
vè;kiu iz.kkyh (Teaching Methodology)
^n`f"V* dh ,d fo'ks"k vè;kiu&iz.kkyh gS tks bls 'ks"k laLFkkvksa ls
vyx djrh gSA bl vè;kiu iz.kkyh dh dqN fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzgekjs ;gk¡ fdlh Hkh VkWfid dks fcuk le>s ;kn djus ;k jVus
dh lykg ugha nh tkrh cfYd dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd gj
fo|kFkhZ ewy èkkj.kkvksa (Basic Concepts) dks le>s rFkk vkRelkr~
djsA VkWfid dks le> ysus ds ckn mldh vkèkkjHkwr tkudkfj;ksa
dks Lej.k djuk dfBu ugha jgrk gS vkSj fo|kFkhZ ?kqek&fiQjkdj
iwNs tkus okys iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus esa Hkh lgtrk eglwl djrk gSA
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
gekjs vè;kid d{kk esa fo|k£Fk;ksa dks fliZQ fy[kokrs jgus esa fo'okl
ugha djrs D;ksafd mlesa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk cgqr lkjk le; vuqRiknd
rjhds ls [kpZ gksrk gSA blds LFkku ij gekjs vè;kid [kqn foLr`r
uksV~l rS;kj djds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nsrs gSa rkfd mUgsa vyx ls oqQN
fo'ks"k u i<+uk iM+sA d{kk esa os fcanq fy[kok, tkrs gSa tks ml le;
fdlh dkj.k ls ppkZ esa gSa ;k fof'k"V fo'ys"k.k dh ekax djrs gSaA
d{kk esa gj VkWfid ij foLr`r o jkspd ppkZ gksrh gSA gkL;&O;aX;]
euksjatu vkSj O;kogkfjd mnkgj.kksa dk lgt iz;ksx djrs gq,
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks voèkkj.kk,¡ le>kbZ tkrh gSaA
ohfM;ks] izkstsDVj vkSj baVjusV tSlh rduhdh lqfoèkkvksa ds iz;ksx
}kjk dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd vewrZ fo"k;ksa dks Hkh n`';ksa@fp=kksa
vkfn ds :i esa fn[kkdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fnekx esa cSBk fn;k tk,A
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;g vfèkdkj gS fd os viuh ftKklkvksa ds lekèkku
ds fy;s vè;kidksa ls loky iwN ldsaA gekjs lHkh vè;kidksa dh
dksf'k'k jgrh gS fd os fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fo"k; ls lacafèkr lHkh
ftKklkvksa dks larq"V djsaA
vxj fdlh fo|kFkhZ dks i<+k, x, fo"k; esa fdlh voèkkj.kk] ?kVuk
;k rF; ds lacaèk eas dksbZ lansg gksrk gS ;k le>us esa leL;k vk
jgh gS rks bl dk;Z esa laLFkku dh vdknfed liksVZ Vhe fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh enn djrh gSA
ijh{kk esa igys iwNs tk pqds rFkk Hkfo"; esa laHkkfor iz'uksa dks
d{kk dh ppkZvksa esa ,d ”k:jh lanHkZ dh rjg 'kkfey fd;k
tkrk gS rkfd fo|kFkhZ fliZQ èkkj.kkvksa dks le>us rd lhfer u
jgsa cfYd ;g Hkh le>sa fd mUgsa vius vftZr Kku dks ijh{kk
esa dSls iz;qDr djuk gS\ dfBu iz'uksa ds mÙkjksa dh :ijs[kk ij
fo'ks"k ppkZ gksrh gS rFkk mÙkjksa ds izk:i fy[kok, tkrs gSaA lkFk
gh] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Lo;a dfBu ls dfBu iz'uksa ds mÙkj fy[kus
ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA
vè;kiu&iz.kkyh ds varxZr bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kk tkrk gS
fd d{kk dh ppkZvksa esa vuko';d HkVdko u gks rkfd l=k
iwoZfuèkkZfjr ;kstuk ds vuqlkj iwjk fd;k tk ldsA
&euh"k dqekj (IPS, flfDde dkMj)
20

l= dh vofèk rFkk Øe
(Duration and Order of Batches)
zzn`f"V dk lkekU; vè;;u dk ^iQkmaMs'ku&l=k* (izkjafHkd o eq[;
ijh{kk dk la;qDr l=k) yxHkx 415 d{kkvksa dk gksrk gSA izR;sd
d{kk 2.5 ls 3 ?kaVs dh vofèk dh gksrh gSA iwjk l=k yxHkx 18
ekg rd pyrk gSA
lkekU; vè;;u (izkjafHkd o eq[; ijh{kk l=k)
esa fofHkUu [kaMksa dh d{kkvksa dh la[;k
bfrgkl $ dyk ,oa laLÑfr
85 d{kk,¡
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
60 d{kk,¡
Hkwxksy] vkink izca/u rFkk i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh 80 d{kk,¡
Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa lkekftd U;k;
35 d{kk,¡
varjkZ"Vªh; laca/
35 d{kk,¡
lkekU; foKku rFkk foKku ,oa rduhdh
50 d{kk,¡
vkarfjd lqj{kk
10 d{kk,¡
xous±l ls lacaf/r eqís
10 d{kk,¡
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk
50 d{kk,¡
dqy d{kk,¡ (yxHkx)
415 d{kk,¡
uksV% mi;qZDr d{kkvksa ds vfrfjDr djsaV visQ;lZ dh yxHkx 30
d{kk,¡ Hkh vU; d{kkvksa ds lekukUrj pysaxhA lkFk gh uSfrdrk]
lR;fu"Bk vkSj vfHk#fp (,fFkDl) dh yxHkx 100 vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ks
d{kk,¡ (MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dh) Hkh vU; d{kkvksa ds lekukarj
pysaxhA ,fFkDl ls lacafèkr 'kadkvksa dk lekèkku fodkl lj Lo;a
fu;fer varjky ij djsaxsA
zz
zz
pw¡fd iQkmaMs'ku l=k yxHkx Ms<+ o"kZ dh vofèk rd pyrk gS]
blfy;s blds dk;ZØe esa mu ijh{kkvksa dk fo'ks"k è;ku j[kk
tkrk gS tks bldh vofèk ds nkSjku vk;ksftr gksus okyh gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] blesa izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds le; yxHkx 1 ekg
dk vodk'k fn;k tkrk gS rkfd ijh{kk nsus okys fo|kFkhZ futh
Lrj ij uksV~l ;k iqLrdksa dks nksgjk ldsaA blds vykok] izkjafHkd
ijh{kk ls igys d{kk esa os [kaM ”k:j iwjs djk fn;s tkrs gSa ftuls
bl ijh{kk esa iz'u iwNs tkrs gSaA ,sls [kaMksa esa bfrgkl] Hkwxksy]
vFkZO;oLFkk] jktO;oLFkk rFkk lkekU; foKku izeq[k gSaA izkjafHkd
ijh{kk ds ckn ds fy;s fliZQ ogh [kaM NksM+s tkrs gSa ftudk lacaèk
eq[; ijh{kk ls gS] tSls varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk] ,fFkDl isij bR;kfnA
lHkh l=kksa esa fofHkUu [kaMksa dk Øe bl rjg fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk
gS fd u, fo|kFkhZ dks leL;k u gks vkSj og Øfed :i ls
ljy ls dfBu [kaMksa dh vksj c<+sA vkjaHk esa bfrgkl] jktO;oLFkk
tSls [kaM i<+k, tkrs gSa vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk o Hkwxksy dqN ckn esaA
varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkksa ls igys fo'o&bfrgkl o fo'o ds Hkwxksy dh
laf{kIr i`"BHkwfe ”k:j nh tkrh gS rkfd fo|kFkhZ fofHkUu tkudkfj;ksa
esa rkyesy cSBk ldsA dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd ,d le; esa ,d
;k nks [kaM gh i<+k, tk,¡ rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekufld Lrj ij
my>u ;k HkVdko dk lkeuk u djuk iM+sA
21
zzvkerkSj ij] izR;sd lIrkg ds nkSjku 6 fnu d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu
gksrk gSA izR;sd jfookj dks vodk'k fn;k tkrk gS] gkyk¡fd ;g
vfuok;Z ugha gSA vxj fdlh cSp esa ikB~;Øe fuèkkZfjr ;kstuk
ls ihNs jg tkrk gS rks ml xfr dks cuk, j[kus ds fy;s jfookj dks
fof'k"V d{kkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gSA è;ku nsa fd vodk'k
nsuk gekjh izkFkfedrk ugha gSA izkFkfedrk ;g gS fd ikB~;Øe
Bhd rjhds ls vkSj fuèkkZfjr vofèk ds Hkhrj iwjk gksuk pkfg;sA
zz
dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd izR;sd l=k esa gj lIrkg tk¡p&ijh{kk
dk vk;kstu fd;k tk,A bldk ykHk ;g gksrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks viuh rS;kjh ds Lrj dk fujarj vuqeku gksrk jgrk gSA
ikB~;&lkexzh (Study Material)
^n`f"V* ds lkekU; vè;;u dk;ZØe dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk
^ikB~;&lkexzh* (Study material) ls lacafèkr gSA gekjh vè;kiu&izfofèk
bl fopkj ij fVdh gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks viuh vksj ls de ls de
esgur djuh iM+sA blfy;s gekjh dksf'k'k jgrh gS fd fdlh fo"k; esa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ftruk vè;;u djus dh ”k:jr gks] mruh ikB~;&lkexzh
ge Lo;a rS;kj djds mUgsa nsrs jgsaA blls mUgsa iqLrdksa o vU; lzksrksa
ij fuHkZj ugha jguk iM+rkA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys uksV~l vR;ar oSKkfud rjhds ls rS;kj
djok, tkrs gSaA fo|kFkhZ vklkuh ls dfBu ladYiukvksa dks le> dj
mUgsa vkRelkr dj ldsa blds fy;s uksV~l esa ekbaM eSi] cqysV~l]
ÝykspkVZ] Lej.kh; rF; bR;kfn dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu uksV~l
ds lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks çfrekg ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dh eSxthu
rFkk iwjs l=k ds nkSjku n`f"V ifCyds'kUl dh 18 iqLrdsa fu%'kqYd
miyCèk djkbZ tkrh gSaA
xkSjryc gS fd ikB~;&lkexzh&fuekZ.k ls lacafèkr gekjs ys[kd o
laiknd lewg esa yxHkx 300 iw.kZdkfyd lnL; gSaA bu lHkh dks
flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk O;fDrxr rFkk yack vuqHko izkIr gSA ;s lnL;
ubZ ikB~;&lkexzh ds fuekZ.k ds lkFk&lkFk bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[krs
gSa fd igys ls ekStwn lkexzh dks le; ds lkFk ^viMsV* djrs jgsaA
lelkef;d eqn~nksa ij v|ru tkudkjh
(Updates on Current Issues)
lkekU; vè;;u esa lelkef;d ?kVukvksa dks viMsV djrs jguk
vfuok;Z gSA ;gh og {ks=k gS tgk¡ fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokj vaxzs”kh
dh rqyuk esa fiNM+ tkrs gSaA n`f"V us bl leL;k dks pqukSrh dh rjg
fy;k gSA bl pqukSrh dk lkeuk ge fuEufyf[kr 5 Lrjksa ij djrs gSa&
zz
zz
ge vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* uke ls
,d ekfld if=kdk izdkf'kr djrs gSaA flfoy lsok ,oa fofHkUu
jkT;ksa dh ih-lh-,l- ijh{kk (izkjafHkd ,oa eq[; ijh{kk rFkk
lk{kkRdkj) ds fy;s ;g ,d laiw.kZ if=kdk gSA
fganh ds fofHkUu v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa esa dbZ vPNs ys[k Nirs
gSa ftUgsa i<+us ls O;kid vkSj LoLFk n`f"Vdks.k dk fuekZ.k gksrk
esjs p;u esa lcls cM+h Hkwfedk fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj ds lkfuè; dh jgh gSA eSaus dsoy ^n`f"V n fo”ku* laLFkku ds uksV~l i<+sA blds vykok n`f"V
dh dk fu;fer :i ls vè;;u fd;kA bl dM+h esa ^n`f"V* }kjk izeq[k lekpkj&i=kksa (fgUnh o vaxzs”kh) ds Hkkokuqoknksa dh miyCèkrk us
fgUnh&vaxzs”kh ekè;e ds varj dks nwj djus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA eS a lkSHkkX;'kkyh jgk fd ijh{kk ds rhuksa pj.kksa esa ^n`f"V laLFkku* us le; ds
vuqdwyre iz;ksx esa esjh enn dhA
&iznhi dqekj (IRS)

zz
zz
gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikl bruk le; ugha gksrk fd os lHkh v[kckj
ns[k ldsa vkSj pqu ldsa fd dkSu ls ys[k mUgsa i<+us pkfg;sa vkSj
dkSu ls ugha\ ge izR;sd ianzg fnu ij (eghus esa 2 ckj) fofHkUu
fganh v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa ds Lrjh; ys[kksa dk ladyu djrs
gSa vkSj lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks miyCèk djkrs gSaA ys[kksa ds lkFk ;g
lwpuk Hkh vafdr gksrh gS fd buls fdl&fdl rjg ds iz'u iwNs
tk ldrs gSa\ lhèkh Hkk"kk esa dgsa rks ge vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ;g
vis{kk Hkh ugha j[krs fd os fu;fer rkSj ij v[+kckj i<+saA ;g
dk;Z Hkh muds fy;s gekjs vdknfed lewg ds lnL; djrs gSa
vkSj mUgsa v[kckjksa dk ^lkj* miyCèk djk nsrs gSaA
fganh ekè;e ds fo|kFkhZ vkerkSj ij vaxzs”kh ds izfrf"Br v[kckjksa
(tSls ^n fgUnw*] ^bdksukWfed VkbEl*] ^bafM;u ,Dlizsl*] ^VkbEl
vkWiQ bafM;k* vkfn) vkSj if=kdkvksa (tSls ^ÚaVykbu*] ^bdksukWfed
,.M ikWfyfVdy ohdyh*] ^oYMZ iQksdl* bR;kfn) esa izdkf'kr
gksus okys vPNs ys[kksa ls oafpr jg tkrs gSa ftldk uqdlku
lkekU; vè;;u ds vadksa esa lkiQ >ydrk gSA bl varjky dks
Hkjus ds fy;s ge lHkh eÙoiw.kZ vaxzs”kh v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa ds
vPNs ys[kksa dk lgt fganh esa vuqokn djkrs gSa vkSj eghus esa yxHkx
25–30 egÙoiw.kZ ys[k vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks miyCèk djkrs gSaA
lkekU; vè;;u esa vPNs vad ykus ds fy;s vko';d gS fd
vki fdrkcksa vkSj uksV~l ds vykok çfrfnu dh ?kVukvksa ls tqM+us
ds fy;s baVjusV ij miyCèk vPNs ys[kksa dks i<+rs jgsa vkSj vPNh
fMcsV~l dks lqurs jgsaA baVjusV ij miyCèk vfèkdka'k ys[k vkSj
fMcsV~l vaxzs”kh esa gksus ds dkj.k fgUnh ekè;e ds vH;FkhZ bldk
leqfpr iQk;nk ugha mBk ikrs gSaA bu leL;kvksa dks lqy>kus ds
fy;s n`f"V laLFkku dh osclkbV www.drishtiias.com vkids
fy;s dkiQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gksxhA blesa PIB/PRS vkSj vaxzs”kh
Hkk"kk ds çeq[k lekpkj i=kksa tSls ^n fgUnw*] ^bafM;u ,Dlçsl*
bR;kfn esa çfrfnu çdkf'kr [kcjksa vkSj vkfVZdy dk fu;fer :i
ls fgUnh esa fcUnqokj rjhds ls fo'ys"k.k çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk Vhoh dh fgUnh vkSj vaxzs”kh dh fMcsV~l
zz
vkSj fMLd'kal dks ljy vkSj lgt :i ls fcUnqokj rjhds ls
fo'ysf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA bl osclkbV ij lkekU; vè;;u ds
lHkh [kaMksa ds fy;s viMsfVM vè;;u lkexzh i;kZIr ek=kk esa
miyCèk jgrh gS tks vkidh rS;kjh dks viMsV j[ksxhA
vkWfM;ks vkSj ohfM;ks ds ekè;e ls vkidh rS;kjh dks iw.kZrk nsus
ds mís'; ls geus Drishti IAS–You tube pSuy Hkh çkjaHk fd;k
gSA blesa vkWfM;ks vkfVZdy] Vw n ikWbaV] dkWUlsIV VkWd] LVªSVth]
VkWilZ O;w bR;kfn dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSaA
bu lc ç;klksa ls gekjh iwjh dksf'k'k ;gh jgrh gS fd fgUnh
ekè;e ds vH;FkhZ dks fgUnh esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vè;;u lkexzh lgt vkSj ljy
Hkk"kk esa çkIr gks ftlls lkekU; vè;;u ç'ui=k esa fgUnh vkSj vaxzs”kh
ekè;e vH;fFkZ;ksa ds vadksa dk varjky lekIr gks ldsA
tk¡p&ijh{kk,¡ rFkk mÙkj&ys[ku vH;kl
(Tests and Answer-writing Practice)
laLFkk dh dksf'k'k jgrh gS fd izR;sd l=k esa lkIrkfgd rkSj
ij 1 ;k 2 tk¡p&ijh{kk,¡ vk;ksftr gksrh jgsa rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
viuh izxfr dk Lrj le>us vkSj lqèkkjus ds i;kZIr volj fey ldsaA
izkjafHkd ijh{kk ds fy;s ,d rjg ls jks”k gh tk¡p ijh{kk gksrh gS
D;ksafd izR;sd vè;k; ds uksV~l ds lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vH;kl ds fy;s
20–30 oLrqfu"B iz'u fn;s tkrs gSaA blds vykok] lkIrkfgd@ikf{kd
rkSj ij vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh tk¡p&ijh{kkvksa esa vks-,e-vkj- 'khV
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk okLrfod ijh{kk dk
iwokZH;kl Hkh gksrk jgsA
eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s ys[ku&'kSyh dk fodkl djus dh pqukSrh izeq[k
gksrh gSA blds fy;s gekjs ikl nks j.kuhfr;k¡ gSa&
(i) eq[; ijh{kk ds vH;kl ds fy;s izR;sd eghus esa nks ;k rhu tk¡p
ijh{kk,¡ vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSaA
(ii) dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ vius Lrj ij mÙkj&ys[ku dk vH;kl dj ldrk
gS ftlds ewY;kadu dh O;oLFkk laLFkk djrh gSA gekjh vdknfed
Vhe esa 50 ,sls iw.kZdkfyd lnL; gSa ftudk nkf;Ro fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds mÙkjksa dk ewY;kadu djuk vkSj mUgsa mi;qDr lq>ko nsuk gSA
lkekU;r% iwNs tkus okys iz'u (FAQs)
lkekU; vè;;u rFkk flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds lacaèk esa dqN ,sls
iz'u gSa tks izk;% gj mEehnokj }kjk iwNs tkrs gSaA fo|k£Fk;ksa dh lqfoèkk
ds fy;s ,sls iz'uksa ds mÙkj ;gk¡ fn;s tk jgs gSa&
1. lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh dc 'kq: dj nsuh pkfg;s\
'kq#vkr esa dkSu&lh iqLrdsa i<+uh pkfg;sa\
u, ikB~;Øe dh izÑfr ,slh gS fd Lukrd Lrj ds nkSjku gh
rS;kjh 'kq: dj nsuh pkfg;s] gkyk¡fd vxj fdlh us ml le; rS;kjh
ugha dh gS rks Hkh ?kcjkus dh vko';drk ugha gSA
vkjafHkd Lrj ij ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh iqLrdksa dks i<+k tk ldrk
gS ysfdu ;g vfuok;Z ugha gSA vxj vkids ikl çkjafHkd ijh{kk ds
fy;s de le; cpk gS rks mlesa ;g O;kogkfjd :i ls mfpr ugha gS
fd vki d{kk 6 ls 12 rd dh ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks i<+saA ;gk¡ ij
fo'ks"k :i ls dguk pkgrs gSa fd ge ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ds egÙo dks
[kkfjt ugha dj jgs gSaA ge cl vkidks ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd d{kk
6 ls 12 rd dh ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks de le; esa rS;kj djus ds
vkSj Hkh oSdfYid rFkk dkjxj rjhds gSaA vxj vki n`f"V ds fo|kFkhZ
liQyrk dk igyk Js; rks n`f"V laLFkku] fo'ks"k rkSj ij fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dks gh tkrk gSA eSaus viuh rS;kjh ds fy;s ^n`f"V n fo”ku* laLFkk
ls ekxZn'kZu fy;k FkkA tc eSaus rS;kjh 'kq: dh Fkh rc eq>s ijh{kk] lkekU; vè;;u ;k fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds ckjs esa cgqr de tkudkjh FkhA ,slh
fLFkfr esa n`f"V laLFkku dh vè;;u lkexzh vkSj vPNs vè;kidksa dh Vhe us gh eq>s liQyrk fnykus esa enn dhA &xfjek frokjh (IAS)
22

gSa rks vki dsoy gekjs Dykl uksV~l dks i<+sa ;s iwjh rjg ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-
Vh- dks doj djrs gSa blds ckn vki n`f"V ifCyds'kUl }kjk fofHkUu
fo"k;ksa ij çdkf'kr 8 fDod cqd Ük`a[kyk dks i<+ tk,¡A fdlh Hkh fo"k;
esa Dykl uksV~l ,oa ml fo"k; dh fDod cqd dks [kRe djus ds i'pkr~
viuh rS;kjh dks ij[kus ds fy;s vki n`f"V dh osclkbV ij tkb;s ogk¡
ij ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- VSc rFkk çkjafHkd ijh{kk VSc esa tkdj ç'uksa dks
gy djds vki viuh rS;kjh dk ewY;kadu dj ldrs gSaA
2. izkjafHkd rFkk eq[; ijh{kk ds lkekU; vè;;u ds fy;s dkSu&lh
iqLrdsa i<+uh pkfg;sa\
vxj vki ^n`f"V* ds lkekU; vè;;u (izkjafHkd rFkk eq[; ijh{kk)
dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gSa ;k gksus okys gSa rks laHkor% vkidks ,d Hkh
iqLrd dh ”k:jr ugha iMs+xhA ge dksf'k'k djrs gSa fd vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks bruh ikB~;&lkexzh ns nsa fd mUgsa iqLrdksa ij fuHkZj u jguk iMs+A
vxj vki n`f"V ds fo|kFkhZ ugha gSa rks fuEufyf[kr iqLrdksa ls vè;;u
djuk mi;qDr gksxkA
n`f"V ifCyds'kUl dh ‘Quick Book’ Ük`a[kyk dh yksdfç;
iqLrdsa&
zzHkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu
zzHkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy
zzHkkjrh; lafo/ku ,oa jktO;oLFkk
zzi;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
zzHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
zzlkekU; foKku
zzdyk ,oa laLÑfr
zzfoKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
gekjh ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- Ükà[kyk dh iqLrdas&
zzHkkjrh; bfrgkl (NCERT Through Questions)
zzHkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy (NCERT Through Questions)
zzlkekU; foKku (NCERT Through Questions)
n`f"V ifCyds'kUl dh vU; iqLrdas&
zzlkekU; Kku
zzvkbZ-,-,l- izhfyEl lkWYOM isilZ
zzfuca/&n`f"V
zzvkbZ-,-,l- esUl lkWYOM isilZ
zzHkkjr % lkj laxzg
zzf}rh; iz'kklfud lq/kj vk;ksx fjiksVZ
zzvk£Fkd ifjn`';
z z;w-th-lh- usV@tsvkj,iQ@LysV
zzVw n ikWbaV
zzrdZ'kfDr
zzesUl dSIlwy
zzlhlSV
zzdjsaV visQ;lZ VqMs ^ok£"kdh*
zzxf.kr bR;kfnA
zzfo'o bfrgkl
blds vfrfjDr fo"k;ksa ds fy;s vki fuEu iqLrdksa dk ykHk
mBk ldrs gSa&
Hkkjrh; lekt & jke vkgwtk
lkekftd leL;k,¡ & jke vkgwtk
varjkZ"Vªh; laca/ & riu fcLoky
bu iqLrdksa ds vykok Hkwxksy ds fy;s ^vkWDliQksMZ rFkk vksfj,aV
ykaxeSu ,Vyl*_ varjkZ"Vªh; eqíksa ds fy;s ^oYMZ iQksdl*] ^izQaVykbu*
rFkk ^n fganw*_ foKku vkSj lelkef;d ?kVukØe ds [kaMksa ds fy;s
^n`f"V djasV visQ;lZ VqMs* dks vo'; ns[ksaA
3. lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh ds fy;s dkSu&ls v[kckj rFkk
if=kdk,¡ i<+uk csgrj gksxk\
flfoy lsok ijh{kk dh rS;kjh dh n`f"V ls fganh esa ^nSfud tkxj.k*
jk"Vªh; laLdj.k Bhd v[kckj gSA pkgsa rks ^tulÙkk* Hkh i<+ ldrs gSa] ij
ljdkj fojksèkh jk; dks vius mQij gkoh u gksus nsa] larqfyr jk; cukus
dh dksf'k'k djsaA vxj vkidh vaxsz”kh vPNh gS rks ^n fganw* ds ys[k i<+uk
vPNk gksxk_ ij vxj vki mUgsa u i<+ ikrs gksa rks ”;knk ruko u ysaA
if=kdkvksa esa vki ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dks i<s+aA flfoy lsok
,oa fofHkUu jkT;ksa dh ih-lh-,l- ijh{kk (izkjafHkd ,oa eq[; ijh{kk rFkk
lk{kkRdkj) ds lkekU; vè;;u ,oa fucaèk iz'u&i=k ds lelkef;d
i{k ds fy;s ;g ,d laiw.kZ if=kdk gSA
4. lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh ds fy;s baVjusV dk iQk;nk dSls
fy;k tk ldrk gS\
dqN ljdkjh osclkbVksa (fo'ks"kr% Hkkjr ljdkj ds fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa)
ij fgUnh eas v|ru (updated) lkexzh fey tkrh gS ftls fujarj ns[krs
jguk pkfg;sA blds vykok vkidks n`f"V dh osclkbV www.drishtiias.
com ij Hkh fu;fer :i ls tkuk pkfg;s tgk¡ ij PIB rFkk vaxzs”kh
Hkk"kk ds çeq[k lekpkj i=kksa tSls& n fgUnw] bafM;u ,Dlçsl bR;kfn ds
lekpkjksa ,oa vkfVZdy dk çfrfnu fgUnh esa ljy vkSj fcUnqokj rjhds
ls fo'ys"k.k fn;k tkrk gSA blds vykok bl lkbV ij lkekU; vè;;u
ds çkjafHkd vkSj eq[; ijh{kk ls lacafèkr ç'u Hkh çfrfnu viyksM fd;s
tkrs gSaA vkWfM;ks@fofM;ks ds ekè;e ls vkidh rS;kjh dks laiw.kZ cukus ds
fy;s n`f"V us ;w&V~;wc pSuy Hkh çkjaHk fd;k gS ftlesa vkWfM;ks vkfVZdy]
Vw n ikWbaV] dkWUlsIV VkWd] VkWilZ O;w] LVªSVth bR;kfn dk;ZØe pyk, tk
jgs gSaA è;ku j[ksa fd baVjusV ij lVhd lkexzh <wa<uk vklku ugha gksrkA
lkFk gh] baVjusV dk iz;ksx djrs le; è;ku HkVdus dh i;kZIr vk'kadk
gksrh gSA blfy;s] mldk iz;ksx vuq'kklu ds lkFk djsaxs rks csgrj gksxkA
5. D;k lkekU; vè;;u ds u, ikB~;Øe dh rS;kjh vius vki
dh tk ldrh gS\ vxj gk¡ rks dSls\
th gk¡] ;g eqf'dy rks gS ij vlaHko ughaA vxj vki fofHkUu
[kaMksa esa fufgr voèkkj.kk,¡ vius vki le> ldrs gSa] lelkef;d
rF;ksa dks muls tksM+ ldrs gSa] vaxzs”kh esa miyCèk lkexzh dks le>dj
fganh esa izLrqr dj ldrs gSa vkSj baVjusV ls mi;qDr lkexzh [kkst ldrs
gSa rks Ms<+ ls nks o"kZ dh vofèk esa vki lkekU; vè;;u dh rS;kjh
vius Lrj ij dj ldrs gSaA
6. lkekU; vè;;u (eq[; ijh{kk) eas fganh ekè;e ds mEehnokj
fdl izdkj vPNs vad yk ldrs gSa\ D;k dksbZ ,slk rjhdk
gS fd os lkekU; vè;;u esa vaxsz”kh ekè;e ds mEehnokjksa
ls u fiNM+sa\
eq>s lk{kkRdkj gsrq ^n`f"V n fo”ku* ls fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj dk ekxZn'kZu çkIr gqvkA laLFkku esa fn;s Nn~e&lk{kkRdkj ls vfHkO;fDr esa lqèkkj
gqvk ,oa vkRefo'okl esa c<+ksÙkjh gqbZA lkFk gh] ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* if=kdk o laLFkku ds uksV~l Hkh vè;;u esa vR;ar lgk;d fl¼ gq,A
n`f"V ds fucUèk ds uksV~l ls Hkh dkiQh enn feyhA n`f"V laLFkku dh ekWd VsLV lhjh”k esa fn;s VsLV Hkh lgk;d jgsA &vftrs'k eh.kk (IRS)
23

lkekU; vè;;u ds ç'ui=k esa fgUnh ekè;e ds vH;FkhZ mfpr
j.kuhfr ds lkFk lgh fn'kk esa dh xbZ rS;kjh rFkk fu;fer mÙkj ys[ku
vH;kl ls vPNs vad yk ldrs gSaA lkekU; vè;;u esa vPNs vad
ykus ds fy;s vko';d gS fd vH;FkhZ lkekU; vè;;u ds ikB~;Øe
dks vPNh rjg ls le> ysA blds ckn vH;FkhZ lkekU; vè;;u ds
LVSfVd Hkkx tSls bfrgkl] dyk laLÑfr] lafoèkku] Hkwxksy bR;kfn [kaMksa
dks crkbZ xbZ ikB~; lkexzh ls xaHkhjrkiwoZd vè;;u djsaA LVSfVd Hkkx
ds i'pkr~ vH;FkhZ lkekU; vè;;u ds Mk;ufed Hkkx tSls varjkZ"Vªh;
lacaèk] vFkZO;oLFkk] vkarfjd lqj{kk] 'kklu ç.kkyh bR;kfn [kaMksa dh
ladYiukvksa dks crkbZ xbZ Lrjh; lkexzh ls le>dj bls lekpkj
i=kksa] Drishtiias osclkbV ,oa n`f"V ;w V~;wc pSuy ij miyCèk
lkexzh ls fu;fer :i ls viMsV djrs jgsA ,fFkDl ds isij ds
fy;s n`f"V ds uksV~l ,oa f}rh; ç'kklfud lqèkkj vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ
i<+sa ,oa dsl LVMh”k dk fu;fer vH;kl djsaA fgUnh ekè;e ds dbZ
vH;fFkZ;ksa us crkbZ x;h j.kuhfr ls lkekU; vè;;u esa 'kkunkj vad
çkIr fd;s gSaA
7. u, ikB~;Øe ds ckn bl ijh{kk dh rS;kjh ds fy;s fdlh
u, mEehnokj dks dqy fdruk le; pkfg;s\
u, ikB~;Øe ls vxj lkekU; vè;;u dk cks> c<+k gS rks ,d
oSdfYid fo"k; dk cks> de Hkh gqvk gSA dqy feykdj] vHkh Hkh
fucaèk
mruk gh le; pkfg;s ftruk igys yxrk FkkA ,d ls Ms<+ o"kZ dh
xaHkhj rS;kjh ds ckn mEehnokj liQy gksus dh vk'kk dj ldrk gSA
8. ijh{kk esa le;&izcaèku lcls cM+h pqukSrh cu tkrk gSA mlds
fy;s D;k fd;k tkuk pkfg;s\
blds fy;s vki izkjafHkd ijh{kk ls igys ekWd&VsLV Ük`a[kyk esa
Hkkx ysas vkSj gj iz'ui=k esa ijh{k.k djsa fd fdl oxZ ds iz'u fdrus
le; esa gks ikrs gSaA ”;knk le; ysus okys iz'uksa dks igys gh igpku
ysaxs rks ijh{kk esa le; cckZn ugha gksxkA ckj&ckj vH;kl djus ls xfr
c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA
9. D;k lHkh iz'uksa dks vks-,e-vkj- 'khV ij ,d lkFk Hkjuk
pkfg;s ;k lkFk&lkFk Hkjrs jguk pkfg;s\
csgrj gksxk fd 4–5 iz'uksa ds mÙkj fudkydj mUgsa 'khV ij Hkjrs
tk,¡A gj iz'u ds lkFk mls vks-,e-vkj- 'khV ij Hkjus esa ”;knk le;
[kpZ gksrk gSA nwljh vksj] dHkh&dHkh ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd dbZ mEehnokj
var esa ,d lkFk vks-,e-vkj- 'khV Hkjuk pkgrs gSa ij le; dh deh
ds dkj.k mls Hkj gh ugha ikrsA ,slh nq?kZVuk ls cpus ds fy;s lgh
rjhdk ;gh gS fd vki 4–5 iz'uksa ds mÙkjksa dks ,d lkFk Hkjrs pysaA
uksV% blh rjg ds vU; iz'uksa ds mÙkj vki gekjh osclkbV
www.drishtiias.com ls çkIr dj ldrs gSaA
fucaèk % ,d ifjp;
fucaèk ç'ui=k nks [k.Mksa esa c¡Vs gksrs gSaA çR;sd [kaM esa 4–4 fo"k;
fn;s gksrs gSa vkSj ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks bu nksuksa [k.Mksa esa ls ,d&,d fo"k; ij
fucaèk fy[kuk gksrk gSA çR;sd fucaèk ds fy;s 'kCn&lhek 1000 ls ysdj
1200 'kCn fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gS vkSj çR;sd fucaèk ds fy;s 125–125
vad fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaA bl çdkj fucaèk ç'ui=k dqy 250 vadksa dk
gSA flfoy lsok dh rS;kjh djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa ds chp fucaèk dks ysdj
lcls cM+h nqfoèkk ;g jgrh gS fd fucaèk vkf[kj D;k gS vkSj blesa gels
D;k tkuus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS\ blfy;s ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS
fd ijh{kkFkhZ lcls igys ;g le>sa fd fucaèk D;k gksrk gS vkSj fucaèk
ç'ui=k esa vfèkd ls vfèkd vad fdl çdkj çkIr fd;s tk,¡\
vxj lhèks 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks fucaèk gekjs O;fDRo dk vkbZuk gksrk
gSA fucaèk ç'ui=k ds ihNs la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dk mís'; gekjs Kku
ds ijh{k.k ls vfèkd gekjs O;fDRo ds ijh{k.k dk gksrk gSA fucaèk
ys[ku esa gekjs }kjk 'kCnksa dk p;u gekjh laosnu'khyrk] ,d flfoy
lsod ds :i esa gekjh bZekuknkjh vkSj mís';ksa ds çfr n`<+rk ,oa uSfrdrk
dks tkfgj djrk gSA
fucaèk ç'ui=k esa tks nks [kaM gksrs gSa muesa ls igys [kaM esa lkekU;
rkSj ij vewrZ vkSj nk'kZfud fdLe ds fo"k; ij fucaèk iwNk tkrk gS
vkSj nwljs [kaM esa lwpuk vkèkkfjr fo"k; iwNs tkrs gSaA vewrZ o nk'kZfud
fdLe ds fo"k;ksa esa tgk¡ fo"k; dk fo'ys"k.k] fo"k; ds çfr gekjh
le> vkSj fo"k; dks çLrqr djus dk gekjk u”kfj;k egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA
ogha lwpuk vkèkkfjr fo"k;ksa esa gesa rF; vkSj fo'ys"k.k dk feyk&tqyk
:i çLrqr djuk gksrk gSA ysfdu tSlk fd geus Åij ppkZ dh gS]
fucaèk ç'ui=k esa vc ,d cM+h pqukSrh fuèkkZfjr 'kCn lhek (1000 ls
1200 'kCnksa) esa fucaèk esa iwNs x, fo"k; ds lHkh i{kksa dks çLrqr djus
dh gSA blds fy;s ”k:jh gks tkrk gS fd ge fn;s x, fo"k; dh
ewy&vkRek dks igpkusa vkSj fiQj vko';d fo"k;&oLrq dks fuèkkZfjr
le; o 'kCn&lhek esa çLrqr djsaA vewrZ fdLe ds fo"k;ksa esa gekjs ikl
;g Lora=krk gksrh gS fd ge fo"k; dks vius vuqlkj ifjHkkf"kr dj
ldrs gSa] tSls la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk iwNk x;k fd ^tc vFkZ
cksyrk gS rc lR; ekSu gks tkrk gS*A bl fo"k; ij ge vFkZ vkSj lR;
dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ vkSj muds fofHkUu vk;ke vius fglkc ls fuèkkZfjr dj
ldrs gSaA ysfdu tc fucaèk dk fo"k; blls fHkUu çÑfr dk gks] tSls&
esjh liQyrk esa n`f"V vkbZ,,l dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA eSaus ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* if=kdk ls ,fFkDl&dsl LVMh”k vkSj fucaèk dk
vè;;u fd;k gSA esUl ds nkSjku cjrh tkus okyh lkoèkkfu;ksa ds lacaèk esa fodkl lj dh lykg ykHkçn jghA ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* vkt
fgUnh ekè;e dh çfl¼ eSx”khu cudj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu dj jgh gSA &voèk fd'kksj iokj (IAS, 2015 esa mPp LFkku ij p;fur)
eSaus n`f"V laLFkku ds MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj ls ekxZn'kZu fy;k Fkk] esjh liQyrk esa budk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA fodkl lj ls ppkZ djus
ds nkSjku dkiQh dqN lh•us dks feykA n`f"V laLFkku }kjk fgUnh ekè;e esa csgrjhu ikB~; lkexzh miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gS] blds fy;s n`f"V
ifjokj dk cgqr&cgqr èkU;oknA
&èkoy tk;loky (IAS, 2015 esa mPp LFkku ij p;fur)
24

D;k dkWeuosYFk xse esa Hkkjr dks ipkl ind fey ldrs gSa\ ,sls
fo"k; rF; vkSj fo'ys"k.k nksuksa dh vis{kk djrs gSaA ijarq vkidks ,d
ckr Li"V :i ls le> ysuh pkfg;s fd fucaèk rF;ksa dk dksjk ladyu
ek=k ugha gS cfYd lwpuk] Hkk"kk vkSj Hkko dk çokg] fo'ys"k.k rFkk
Kku dk lkeatL; gS_ tgk¡ fdlh ,d i{k esa egkjr gkfly dj ysus
ek=k ls ugha cfYd iwNs x, fo"k; ds çR;sd i{k dks larqfyr :i ls
çLrqr djds gh liQyrk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
fucaèk dh rS;kjh vkf[kj dSls dh tk,\ ;g ,d cM+k loky gS
tks mEehnokjksa ds le{k vk [kM+k gksrk gSA ,d csgrj fucaèk fdlh ,d
fdrkc dks i<+us ;k dksbZ ,d iQkWewZyk tku ysus ls ugha cfYd fo"k;ksa
dh xaHkhj le> vkSj fujarj vH;kl ls gh fy[kk tk ldrk gSA lkFk
gh] cnys gq, ikBÔØe ds eísu”kj gj ijh{kkFkhZ dks ;g ckr vPNh
rjg ls le> ysuh pkfg;s fd og fucaèk ds ç'ui=k dks gYds esa u
ys D;ksafd eq[; ijh{kk ikl djus ds lkFk&lkFk vkids vafre p;u
esa ,d vPNk fucaèk fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gS] D;ksafd iwjh
ijh{kk esa ;gh og {ks=k gS tgk¡ ls vki viuh jpukRedrk vkSj ekSfydrk
ds cycwrs liQyrk dh mM+ku Hkj ldrs gSaA
gekjk ekxZn'kZu dk;ZØe
fucaèk ds ç'ui=k esa vki csgrj vad çkIr dj ldsa] blds fy;s
n`f"V lrRk~ :i ls ç;kljr gSA fucaèk ç'ui=k esa ekxZn'kZu ds fy;s
VsLV lhjhT+k dk;ZØe
laLFkku çfro"kZ 6-8 d{kk,¡ rFkk 24 tk¡p ijh{kk,¡ vk;ksftr djrk gSA
fucaèk ç'ui=k ds fy;s lapkfyr ekxZn'kZu dk;ZØe dh vfèkdka'k d{kk,¡
MkW- fodkl }kjk gh lapkfyr dh tkrh gSa] tcfd dqNsd fo"k; fof'k"V
i{kksa ij ppkZ djus ds fy;s lacafèkr fo"k; ds vè;kid miyCèk jgrs
gSaA bu d{kkvksa esa] fucaèk ds fofHkUu i{kksa@ fo"k;ksa ds çfr vH;fFkZ;ksa
dh xgjh le> dk fodkl fd;k tkrk gSA fucaèk ys[ku ls lacafèkr
jpukRed dkS'ky o dYiukRed {kerk ds fodkl ij fo'ks"k ”kksj fn;k
tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr] bu d{kkvksa esa fiNys o"kks± esa iwNs x,
egÙoiw.kZ fucaèkksa dk vH;kl Hkh djk;k tkrk gSA csgrj fucaèk ys[ku
dh {kerk ,d fnu esa ugha vkrh gS blds fy;s fujarj ys[ku&vH;kl
dh Hkh ”k:jr gksrh gSA bl ckr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, n`f"V }kjk iwjs
o"kZ fucaèk dh ,d VsLV lhjh”k dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA çfrekg
vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh bl VsLV lhjh”k esa la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ds
iSVuZ ij ç'u iwNs tkrs gSa] ijh{kk ds ckn bu ç'uksa ds ekWMy mÙkj Hkh
vkidks ns fn;s tkrs gSaA ,DliVZ Vhe }kjk vkids mÙkjksa dk ewY;kadu
fd;k tkrk gS ,oa vkidks ;g Hkh crk;k tkrk gS fd vkids fucaèk esa
D;k deh jgh] vkidk de”kksj i{k D;k gS] vki fdu&fdu {ks=kksa esa
csgrj dj ldrs gSa] rFkk vkids orZeku Lrj esa vkSj vfèkd lqèkkj
dSls fd;k tk ldrk gS\ blds vfrfjDr] fucaèk dh d{kk djus okys
vH;fFkZ;ksa dks fiNys VkWilZ }kjk fy[ks x, fucaèk Hkh fn;s tkrs gSaA
flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa liQyrk ds fy;s ftruh Hkwfedk i<+kbZ dh
gksrh gS yxHkx mruh ;k mlls ”;knk bl ckr dh gksrh gS fd vkius
ijh{kk tSls eqf'dy fLFkfr;ksa esa Lo;a dks fdruh ckj ij[kk vkSj lqèkkjk
gSA vH;fFkZ;ksa dks Bhd ijh{kk ds ekgkSy vkSj oSls gh ç'ui=k ds lkFk
ckj&ckj tk¡pus ds fy;s geus o"kZ 2012 ls VsLV lhjh”k dk;ZØe çkjaHk
fd;k FkkA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr çkjafHkd vkSj eq[; ijh{kk ds igys VsLV
dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk FkkA bl VsLV lhjh”k dk;ZØe dh liQyrk rFkk
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh csgn ekax ij vc ge iwjs o"kZ çkjafHkd vkSj eq[; ijh{kk
dh VsLV lhjh”k dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu dj jgs gSaA bl VsLV dk;ZØe esa
Hkkx ysdj vki u dsoy vius çkjafHkd vkSj eq[; ijh{kk ds ikB~;Øe
dks vklkuh ls doj dj ik,axsA oju~ ijh{kk ds nkSjku vius LVªsl] Vkbe
rFkk LihM dk csgrj eSustesaV dj ik,axsA lkekU; vè;;u dk VsLV
dk;ZØe fgUnh vkSj vaxzs”kh ekè;e vH;fFkZZ;ksa ds fy;s leku :i ls
miyCèk gSA gekjs VsLV dk;ZØe ds vU; vkd"kZ.k fuEufyf[kr gS&
zz
ijh{kk dh uohure ço`fÙk ds vuqlkj ç'ui=kksa dk fM”kkbu rS;kj
fd;k x;k gSA
zzçR;sd VsLV ds i'pkr~ foLr`r mÙkj iqfLrdk miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA
eq[; ijh{kk ds ekWMy mÙkjksa esa ge 'kCn lhek dk fo'ks"k è;ku
j[krs gSaA eq[; ijh{kk ds bu ekWMy mÙkjksa ds lkFk ge ç'u foPNsn
(;fn vko';d gks) gy djus dk n`f"Vdks.k] mÙkj ls lacafèkr
vfrfjDr lwpuk rFkk lanHkZ Hkh miyCèk djkrs gSa rkfd çR;sd VsLV
ds i'pkr~ vH;fFkZ;ksa ds mÙkj ys[ku dkS'ky esa xq.kkRed o`f¼ gks
tksfd gekjk çeq[k è;s; gSA
zzmÙkj iqfLrdkvksa dk ewY;kadu fo"k; fo'ks"kK rFkk p;fur mEehnokjksa
ds }kjk foLr`r leh{kk ds lkFk djk;k tkrk gSA lefiZr fo'ks"kK
ny ds lnL; tk¡ph xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdkvksa dk iqujh{k.k djrs gSaA
zzçkjafHkd ijh{kk VsLV ls lacafèkr fo|kFkhZ vius çn'kZu dh foLr`r
fjiksVZ n`f"V ds eksckby ,i ij Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA ftlesa Ldksj
dkMZ] jSad] Vkbe eSustesaV] dEis;j ;ksj lsYiQ] fMfiQdYVh bR;kfn
lsD'ku ij tkdj vH;FkhZ vius çn'kZu dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA
25
&Hkokuh flag (jktLFkku flfoy lsok 2016 esa loksZPp LFkku)
n`f"V ds ohfM;ks@vkWfM;ks ysDpj ls lelkef;dh dh rS;kjh dhA eSaus ^n`f"V djasV viQs;lZ VqMs* if=kdk dk fu;fer ikBu fd;k gSA esjh rS;kjh
dh jkg esa n`f"V eSx”khu] n`f"V vkWfM;ks@ohfM;ks ysDpj dk ekxZn'kZu cgqr egÙoiw.kZ FkkA ljy Hkk"kk 'kSyh] mRÑ"V 'kCnksa dk p;u] fo"k;ksa
dk xgu fo'ys"k.k] lVhd okD; fuekZ.k] v|ru fo"k;ksa dh vko';d tkudkfj;k¡ ;s lHkh n`f"V eSx”khu ds vkèkkj gSaA eSa lHkh mEehnokjksa
dks ;g if=kdk (ekfld) fu;fer i<+us dh lykg nwaxhA
&fnO;k oS".ko (CGPSC 2016 esa f}rh; LFkku)

zzijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dh lqfoèkkuqlkj çkjafHkd ijh{kk VsLV dk;ZØe Dykl
:e ,oa vkWuykbu rFkk eq[; ijh{kk VsLV dk;ZØe Dyklsl]
vkWuykbu o iksLVy i¼fr }kjk miyCèk gksaxsA
zz
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks csgrj fn'kkfunsZ'k çnku djus ds fy;s çR;sd ç'ui=k
gsrq VsLV dsUnz ij lefiZr fo'ks"kK ny }kjk vkidh 'kadkvksa dk
lk{kkRdkj
fuokj.k çR;{k :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh] ;g lqfoèkk VsyhiQksu
vkSj bZ&esy }kjk Hkh miyCèk gSA
z z çR;sd tk¡p ijh{kk ds i'pkr~ vf[ky Hkkjrh; jSa¯dx vkids çn'kZu
ds ewY;kadu esa Hkh lgk;d gksxhA
flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk rhljk vkSj vafre pj.k lk{kkRdkj gksrk
gS ftlesa eq[; ijh{kk esa liQy mEehnokjksa ds O;fDrRo dk ijh{k.k
fd;k tkrk gSA blesa mEehnokjksa dh lR;fu"Bk] ekufld lrdZrk]
rkfdZd fo'ys"k.k {kerk] lkekftd lkeatL; dkS'ky vkSj usr`Ro {kerk
ds xq.kksa dks ij[kk tkrk gSA lk{kkRdkj esa u rks çkjafHkd ijh{kk dh rjg
lgh mÙkj ds fy;s fodYi gksrs gSa vkSj u gh eq[; ijh{kk dh rjg
viuh lqfoèkk ls ç'uksa ds p;u dh lqfoèkkA blesa lk{kkRdkj cksMZ ds
lnL;ksa }kjk mEehnokj ls ekSf[kd ç'u iwNs tkrs gSa ftldk mÙkj
mEehnokj dks ekSf[kd :i ls gh nsuk gksrk gSA çkjafHkd vkSj eq[;
ijh{kk dh rjg lk{kkRdkj dk dksbZ fuf'pr ikB~;Øe ugha gksrk gS vr%
blesa iwNs tkus okys ç'uksa dk nk;jk dkiQh O;kid gksrk gSA mEehnokjksa
ds p;u dh vafre fyLV eq[; ijh{kk vkSj lk{kkRdkj ds vadksa ds ;ksx
ds vkèkkj ij rS;kj dh tkrh gSA eq[; ijh{kk ds vadksa (1750 vad)
dh rqyuk esa lk{kkRdkj ds vadksa (275 vad) dk Hkkj vo'; de
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS] ysfdu vafre p;u vkSj in fuèkkZj.k esa lk{kkRdkj ds
vadksa dh fo'ks"k Hkwfedk gks tkrh gSA
pw¡fd lk{kkRdkj ds ekè;e ls mEehnokj ds O;fDrRo dks ij[kk
tkrk gS vr% bldh rS;kjh thou ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k ls gh fujarj
pyrh jgrh gSA O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa ?kj] Ldwy] dkWyst esa mEehnokj
dks feys vuqHko vkSj volj egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA ysfdu
blls ;g vFkZ ugha fudkyuk pkfg;s fd vkids lk{kkRdkj dh rS;kjh
dkWyst [kRe djrs gh iwjh gks x;h vkSj vc mls rS;kj djus dh
vko';drk ugha gSA ;g ckr r; gS fd mEehnokj ds O;fDrRo dk
fodkl ftl Hkh Lrj ij gqvk gS] vxj og ;kstukc¼ vkSj O;ofLFkr
rS;kjh djsxk rks vius Lrj ij lkekU;r% feyus okys vadksa esa dqN
vadksa dk btkiQk rks dj gh ysxkA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ;fn mEehnokj
dk O;fDrRo vR;ar fodflr gS vkSj fcuk rS;kjh ds Hkh og 275 esa
ls 175 vad ykus dh dkfcfy;r j[krk gS rks ;g fuf'pr gS fd
j.kuhfrd rS;kjh djus ij og 190–210 vadksa dh ifjfèk dks Nw
ysxkA flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa vafre p;u vkSj in fuèkkZj.k esa ,d&,d
vad dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gS] vr% bl vkèkkj ij lk{kkRdkj
dh rS;kjh dks u”kjvank”k djuk j.kuhfrd Hkwy gksxhA
ge eq[; ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ds rqjar ckn fu%'kqYd lk{kkRdkj
ekxZn'kZu dk;ZØe çkjaHk djrs gSaA gekjs lk{kkRdkj ekxZn'kZu dk;ZØe
dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
gekjk lk{kkRdkj dk;ZØe çR;sd vH;FkhZ ds de”kksj vkSj
e”kcwr i{k dks è;ku esa j[kdj cuk;k tkrk gSA ftlesa ge lHkh
vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ,d j.kuhfr ij ugha] vfirq çR;sd vH;FkhZ
ds fof'k"V O;fDrRo dks è;ku esa j[kdj vyx&vyx j.kuhfr
ij dk;Z djrs gSaA
ge izR;sd vH;FkhZ ds fy;s mlds ck;ksMkVk (vdknfed i`"BHkwfe
ds fo"k;] #fp;k¡] x`g jkT; ,oa tuin bR;kfn) ls iz'u iwNs tkus
okys laHkkfor {ks=kksa dh ,d foLr`r lwph rS;kj djrs gSaA
vfrlaHkkfor] lkekU; laHkkfor rFkk de laHkkfor iz'uksa ds :i
esa foHkkftr ;g lwph izR;sd vH;FkhZ ds fy;s vyx&vyx gksrh
gSA ge bu iz'uksa ds lkFk fo'ks"kKksa }kjk fu£er larqfyr mÙkj Hkh
vkidks miyC/ djkrs gSaA ge ;g nkok ugha djrs fd lk{kkRdkj
esa iwNs tkus okys lHkh iz'u gekjh ifjfèk esa gksaxs ysfdu ge ;g
nkok ”k:j djrs gSa fd vkids lk{kkRdkj dk 50 ls 70 izfr'kr
fgLlk gekjs }kjk vkids ck;ksMkVk ls lq>k, x, {ks=kksa ls gh gksxkA
okLrfod lk{kkRdkj ds fnu vki lgt ,oa vkRefo'okl ls ;qDr
gksa blds fy;s ge ekWd baVjO;w dk Hkh vk;kstu djokrs gSa ftlesa
lsokfuo`Ùk flfoy lsod] O;fDrRo fodkl fo'ks"kK] euksoSKkfud
rFkk fo"k; fo'ks"kK 'kkfey gksrs gSaA ge bl baVjO;w dh fjdkW²Mx
dj mldk ohfM;ks vH;FkhZ dks miyC/ djkrs gSa] rkfd og
viuh de”kksfj;ksa dh igpku dj mUgsa nwj dj ldsA
ekWd baVjO;w ds i'pkr~ izR;sd vH;FkhZ ls mlds baVjO;w ds lanHkZ
esa O;fDrxr ppkZ dh tk,xhA ftlesa mlds e”kcwr vkSj de”kksj
i{kksa dks crk;k tk,xk rFkk mu de”kksfj;ksa dks nwj djus ds mik;
Hkh lq>k, tk,axsA
la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx mEehnokjksa ls ;g vis{kk j[krk gS fd
fdlh fo"k; ij mudk n`f"Vdks.k ,drjiQk u gksdj larqfyr vkSj
izxfr'khy gksA ge vius ekWd VsLV baVjO;w esa bl ckr dk fo'ks"k
vH;kl djokrs gSa fd fooknkLin eqíksa ij vH;FkhZ dk fu"d"kZ
larqfyr] izxfr'khy rFkk lekos'kh gksA
jkT; o la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dh ijh{kkvksa dh n`f"V ls ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* if=kdk eq>s cgqr mi;ksxh yxhA ;g if=kdk lelkef;d
?kVukØe ds fo"k;ksa esa vkidh le> c<+kus ds lkFk gh lkFk ml fo"k; ij cgqvk;keh n`f"Vdks.k dk l`tu djrh gSA bl if=kdk dk fucaèk o
ekWd baVjO;w [k.M reke MkmV~l dks fDy;j djus esa lgk;d gSA
&foosd ;kno (UPPCS, 1 st Rank)
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fiNys Ms<+ n'kd ls yxkrkj fgUnh ekè;e dk loZJs"B ifj.kke
fdj.k dkS'ky vt; feJk
3 rd Rank 5 th Rank
fgUnh ekè;e esa vc rd dk loZJs"B jSad
yksds'k dqekj ¯lg
10 th Rank
iznhi jktiqjksfgr
13 th Rank
fu'kkar tSu
13 th Rank
xaxk flag
33 rd Rank
iznhi oqQ- f}osnh
74 th Rank
jfo oqQ- flgkx vfnR; oqQ- >k gjh 'kadj fny[kq'k ehuk txnh'k ckaxjok txnh'k oqQekj jkgqy oqQ- flag 'khry oqQekjh deys'k ehuk Hkkjr eukst iQrsflag feaVw yky ehuk lfpu oqQekj
lquhy oqQekj nsosanz izdk'k ehuk czt eksgu ehuk vuqi ehuk psrjke ehuk fl¼kFkZ oqQ- ehuk foosd oqQ- nkslkn T;ksfr 'kekZ vfu#¼ dqekj vjfoan izrki flag fnus'k dqekj ;kno vt; dqekj ;kno
lk{kh xxZ jktho dqekj pkS/jh cchrk jkuh LoSu vkfnR; dqekj >k lksuy iznhi dqekj f}osnh vk'kqrks"k 'kqDyk yk[ku flag ;kno fodkl eh.kk vfuy dqekj ;kno fot; flag xqtZj fodkl lqaMk
eqds'k dqekj yquk;r psru dqekj eh.kk gsesanz dqekj eh.kk v{k; dqekj Vsejkoky dkark tkafxM fcØe xaxokj v'kksd dqekj vfuy dqekj oekZ jru nhi xqIrk iadt dqekj eh.kk iou dqekj ;kno fuys'k dqekj ds'kjh
vk'kh"k dqekj eukst dqekj jkor fgeka'kq ;kno lanhi dqekj eh.kk Hkwisanz jkor f'ko flag ehuk deys'k ehuk xkSjo dqekj flag d`".kdkar ikBd canuk izs;'kh 'osrk fla?ky Jheu 'kqDyk
r#.k jkBh lwfiQ;k iQk#dh jkt dey ;kno uhfyek mfnr izdk'k ¯dty ¯lg 'kphUæ izrki ¯lg dkS'kysUæ foØe ¯lg eqDrkuan vxzoky cynso iq#"kkFkZ uhrw dqekjh izlkn uFkey fMMsy
eqds'k dqekj czãnso frokjh n;kfuèkku ikaMs; euh"k dqekj jkts'k izèkku vkækZ vxzoky jes'k oekZ vf'ouh eqnxy ujsaæ eh.kk fefFkys'k feJk xks¯on t;loky vfHk"ksd ¯lg
jkgqy jatu efgoky èkuat; ¯lg HknkSfj;k fxjoj n;ky ¯lg dkuk jke f'kYik xxZ nhid vkuan :cy xqIrk vk'kh"k ¯lg laxhrk rsrjoky MkW- foØkar ikaMs; d`".kk oktis;h lhek f=kikBh
vthr olar oSHko JhokLro vouh'k dqekj 'kj.k v'kksd eh.kk furh'k dqekj vuwi dqekj ¯lg eukst dqekj iznhi dqekj jkuw lkgw vfer dqekj xkSjo xkaèkh uhye jkuh
foosd vxzoky nhfi vxzoky vt; dqekj efurk efyd czts'k lar vfHk"ksd ¯lg iq"isaæ dqekj izfrHkk ikfjd J¼k tks'kh nhid o.kZoky lqèkka'kqèkj feJ eksfgr vxzoky
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