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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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Semaxvedra, romelsac rqebSi jvari hqonda, Tavze varskvlavi da beWebze RvTismSobeli. codvaSi Cavvardi da unda movkvde~ [destunisi:29-30]. digenisi iRupeba, rogor tipuri monadire, romelsac nadirobisas Semoakvdeba nadirTpatronis rCeuli pirutyvi. amasTanave, SesaZloa, damatebiT misi codva daxocili nadiris gadametebul ricxvSic (samasi daTvi da samocdaori lomi) gamoixata. daismis kiTxva: romel epikur Tu miTologiur personaJebTan avlens amirani tipologiur naTesaobas im masalis mixedviT, romelic Cvens xelTaa, rogorc igi Cans Cvenamde moRweul TqmulebebSi? elin promeTesTan? aseTia gavrcelebuli azri, magram Tu masalidan amovalT da ara winaswar SemuSavebuli azridan, amiransa da promeTes Soris verc fundamentur da verc tipologiur msgavseba-naTesaobas ver vpovebT. tipologiuradac isini gansxvavebulni arian. aris mxolod erTaderTi msgavseba maT Soris – mijaWva. orive gmiri mijaWvulia da mijaWvis adgilad orive TqmulebaSi kavkasiis mTebia dasaxelebuli. es ki sakmao sacdurs iZleva maTi gaigivebisTvis. vin aris promeTe da vin aris amirani? promeTe uzenaesi RvTaebis, zevsis Taobisaa. maT saerTo papa (uranosi) da didi deda (gea) hyavT. olimposis mbrZaneblisgan igi arafriT aris davalebuli, arc damokidebulia masze. Tumca is ar ekuTvnis olimposze dabrZanebul RvTaebriv elitas, romelic ganagebs samyaros. amirani Tumca saswaulebriv aris Sobili, mainc adamiania, adamianTa samyaros ekuTvnis. igi rom qriste RmerTis naTlulia da misgan ZalamoniWebuli, swored imas mowmobs, rom is ierarqiulad dabla mdgomia. promeTe Semqmnelia adamianTa modgmisa, romelsac amiranic ekuTvnis eladis sxva gmirebTan erTad (herakle, Tesevsi, persevsi da sxvani mravalni). promeTes sazrunavi adamianebia (adamianebi mas abaria), amiranisa _ sakuTari Tavi, masze zrunavs ufali qriste. promeTes Zalis, RvTaebrivi unarebis wyaro Tavadvea, yovel SemTxvevaSi, zevsisgan ar aris davalebuli, amiranis Zlierebis wyaro ki ufalia. promeTe da amirani kacobriobis ganviTarebis gansxvavebul safexurebs ekuTvnian. promeTes iaraRi aris Wkua, gamWriaxoba, moxerxeba. amirani ki moqmedebs mxolod fizikuri ZaliT, rac migvaniSnebs, rom igi sxva, ufro Zveli formaciis kacobriobas ekuTvnis. promeTes formacia meoreulia, igi axali kacobriobis warmomadgenelia. promeTe iseve upirispirdeba amirans, rogorc mravalnacadi odisevsi fexmard aqilevss an omSi myivar menelaoss, romelTa epiTetebi fizikur Zalaze miuTiTebs. pirvelTa rigSia marko kraleviCi, romelic gansacdelis (ufalTan gancdili marcxis) Semdeg gadadis promeTe-odisevsis formaciaSi. gansxvavebulia maTi dasjis motivebic. sxvadasxva miTologiuri tradicia promeTevsis mijaWvis mizezad Tvlis: 1) kacTaTvis cecxlis motanas anu cecxlis saidumlos gamJRavnebas, 2) zevsis sabediswero 98

saidumlos argamxelas (rom zevss misi da Tetisis naSieri Camoagdebs taxtidan), 3) aTenas motacebis mcdelobas. amirani isjeba: 1) ufalTan gatolebis mcdelobisaTvis, 2) ficis samgzisi gatexisaTvis (svanuri versiiT), da aramc da aramc cecxlis (an yamaris) motacebisaTvis. arc erTi varianti ar laparakobs cecxlis motacebaze da mis miwaze Camotanaze amiranis an mis ZmaTa xeliT. Tu cecxlzea sadme laparaki, es exeba miwaze arsebuli cecxlis povnas, ara – motacebas. ar aris damajerebeli yamarisa da cecxlis igiveobis argumentebi: `promeTes oreuli amirani RrubelT ufals _ pirimzes qaliSvils, mzeTunaxavs mostacebs da colad SeirTavs. am SemTxvevaSi cecxli mzeTunaxaviTaa Secvlili. asea gaformebuli amiranianSi es motivi misi ganviTarebis umaRles safexurze~ [Ciqovani 1959:235]. aRvniSnav, rom motacebul mzeTunaxavs amirani colad ar irTavs. romc irTavdes da igi cecxlis gamoxatuleba iyos, es aqti mainc ar CaiTvleboda promeTevsiseul kulturul qmedebad. yamari, rogorc cecxli, motacebis Semdeg aRarsad Cans. Tuki moitaces, xalxisTvis unda yofiliyo motacebuli. mijaWva mxolod saSualebaa dasjisa, romliTac sxvadasxva danaSaulisaTvis isjebian. mTavari ki aris ara sasjelis saxe, aramed sasjelis mizezi da, erTgvarad, mizani. Tu meore kriteriumiT davuwyebT Zebnas amiranis oreulebs, pirvel rigSi, Tvalwin warmogvidgeba iseTi personaJebi gansxvavebuli sagmiro-miTologiuri tradiciebidan, rogorebic arian osuri narTebis baTraZi, somxuri eposis mheri da samxreTeli slavebis marko kraleviCi, afxazuri tradiciis abrskili da megrulis aramxutu. devebTan mebrZoli baTraZi, romelic ciuri mWedlis qurdalagonis mier aris gamowrTobili, Tavis Zalas Zuarebis (jvarTa) da vacilebis (wm. eliebis) winaaRmdeg mimarTavs. misi gabudayebis kulminacia RmerTTan Serkinebaa, sadac uZleveli baTraZi marcxdeba: dedamiwis simZimis gudas ki aswevs, magram oqros Zafis gorgalis awevas veRar SeZlebs, ris Semdegac igi aRiarebs, rom arsebobs misi mjobi. asparezoba mxolod marcxiT ar mTavrdeba – RmerTi mzis mxurvalebiT acamtverebs mas. baTraZis Tqmuleba ar icnobs mijaWvas [narTebi 1988:270-272]. aseve mijaWvis gareSe mTavrdeba markos marcxi. marko, dainaxavs ra, rom misi momrevi amqveynad aravinaa, ufals gamoiwvevs orTabrZolaSi. ufali Camodis dedamiwaze, moxucis saxiT gamoecxadeba da dedamiwis wona gudas daugdebs gzajvaredinze. marko ver aswevs, Tumca mTel Tavis Zalas mas daaxarjavs. bolos ufali gaumJRavnebs Tavs, marko inanebs, rom ufali orTabrZolaSi gamoiwvia. uflis nebiT, marko kvlav uZlevel Wabukad darCeba, oRond amieridan orTabrZolaSi Zalis nacvlad xerxsa da eSmakobas gamoiyenebs [slavTa simR.:207-8]. aramxutus Tqmuleba, gansxvavebiT `amiranianisgan~, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli konkretul eTniur garemosTan (sof. jvari, cimintiebi, qardavebi, ServaSiZe, visTanac 99

Semaxvedra, romelsac rqebSi jvari hqonda, Tavze varskvlavi da beWebze<br />

RvTismSobeli. codvaSi Cavvardi da unda movkvde~ [destunisi:29-30].<br />

digenisi iRupeba, rogor tipuri monadire, romelsac nadirobisas<br />

Semoakvdeba nadirTpatronis rCeuli pirutyvi. amasTanave, SesaZloa,<br />

damatebiT misi codva daxocili nadiris gadametebul ricxvSic (samasi<br />

daTvi da samocdaori lomi) gamoixata.<br />

daismis kiTxva: romel epikur Tu miTologiur personaJebTan avlens<br />

amirani tipologiur naTesaobas im masalis mixedviT, romelic Cvens<br />

xelTaa, rogorc igi Cans Cvenamde moRweul TqmulebebSi? elin<br />

promeTesTan? aseTia gavrcelebuli azri, magram Tu masalidan amovalT<br />

da ara winaswar SemuSavebuli azridan, amiransa da promeTes Soris verc<br />

fundamentur da verc tipologiur msgavseba-naTesaobas ver vpovebT.<br />

tipologiuradac isini gansxvavebulni arian. aris mxolod erTaderTi<br />

msgavseba maT Soris – mijaWva. orive gmiri mijaWvulia da mijaWvis<br />

adgilad orive TqmulebaSi kavkasiis mTebia dasaxelebuli. es ki sakmao<br />

sacdurs iZleva maTi gaigivebisTvis.<br />

vin aris promeTe da vin aris amirani?<br />

promeTe uzenaesi RvTaebis, zevsis Taobisaa. maT saerTo papa<br />

(uranosi) da didi deda (gea) hyavT. olimposis mbrZaneblisgan igi<br />

arafriT aris davalebuli, arc damokidebulia masze. Tumca is ar<br />

ekuTvnis olimposze dabrZanebul RvTaebriv elitas, romelic ganagebs<br />

samyaros.<br />

amirani Tumca saswaulebriv aris Sobili, mainc adamiania, adamianTa<br />

samyaros ekuTvnis. igi rom qriste RmerTis naTlulia da misgan<br />

ZalamoniWebuli, swored imas mowmobs, rom is ierarqiulad dabla<br />

mdgomia. promeTe Semqmnelia adamianTa modgmisa, romelsac amiranic<br />

ekuTvnis eladis sxva gmirebTan erTad (herakle, Tesevsi, persevsi da<br />

sxvani mravalni). promeTes sazrunavi adamianebia (adamianebi mas abaria),<br />

amiranisa _ sakuTari Tavi, masze zrunavs ufali qriste.<br />

promeTes Zalis, RvTaebrivi unarebis wyaro Tavadvea, yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, zevsisgan ar aris davalebuli, amiranis Zlierebis wyaro ki<br />

ufalia.<br />

promeTe da amirani kacobriobis ganviTarebis gansxvavebul<br />

safexurebs ekuTvnian. promeTes iaraRi aris Wkua, gamWriaxoba, moxerxeba.<br />

amirani ki moqmedebs mxolod fizikuri ZaliT, rac migvaniSnebs, rom igi<br />

sxva, ufro Zveli formaciis kacobriobas ekuTvnis. promeTes formacia<br />

meoreulia, igi axali kacobriobis warmomadgenelia. promeTe iseve<br />

upirispirdeba amirans, rogorc mravalnacadi odisevsi fexmard aqilevss<br />

an omSi myivar menelaoss, romelTa epiTetebi fizikur Zalaze miuTiTebs.<br />

pirvelTa rigSia marko kraleviCi, romelic gansacdelis (ufalTan<br />

gancdili marcxis) Semdeg gadadis promeTe-odisevsis formaciaSi.<br />

gansxvavebulia maTi dasjis motivebic. sxvadasxva miTologiuri<br />

tradicia promeTevsis mijaWvis mizezad Tvlis: 1) kacTaTvis cecxlis<br />

motanas anu cecxlis saidumlos gamJRavnebas, 2) zevsis sabediswero<br />

98

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