qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
sityvebi, am dros rom warmoiTqmis, is teqstebi, rac am dros moiTxroba, mag., zRaprebi svanuri lifanalis dros, roca keriasTan ikribeba mTeli ojaxi _ cocxlebi gardasul TaobebTan erTad, is, riTac cocxlebi umaspinZldebian winaparTa sulebs am dRes, es "sibrZne" da "codna", romelic Seqmnes am ojaxis Taobebma da inaxavs yoveli Taoba. mxolod Suagulis mqone adamianTa jgufs, Tundac mcirericxovans, ZaluZs Seqmnas lore da Seinaxos igi. riTac brbo xalxisagan gansxvavdeba, aris swored is, rom brbos ar SeuZlia Seqmnas "sibrZne", radgan mas ar gaaCnia mexsiereba, misi cnobiereba myisieria, is ver inaxavs im umartivess da umciressac ki, rasac is am wamSi "qmnis". "xalxad" SeiZleba miviCnioT stadionze Seyrili adamianebi, romelTa saerTo gulisyuri mimarTulia erTisken da, Tumca es erToba efemerulia, am erTobis ZaliT maT SeuZliaT Seqmnan "raRac", Tundac es raRac iyos frTiani SeZaxili, moswrebuli naTqvami, romelic anekdotSi da "legendaSi", iqneb "miTosSic" gadaizardos (XX saukunis 40-iani wlebis bavSvebs Soris gavrcelebuli iyo Tqmuleba, rom ganTqmul mcvels SavguliZes marjvena fexi hqonda "dabeWdili". es, namdvilad, SavguliZis miTosi iyo. baskebTan TamaSis Semdeg, ocdaaTian wlebSi bavSvTa Soris gaCnda legenda, rom baskebis mekare maimuni iyo da kudiT ekideboda horizontalur Zels). folkia armiac, samxedro qveganayofi, razmi, romelsac gadauxdia brZolebi da, Tundac is sxvadasxva pirovnebisa da aRmsareblobis adamianebisgan Sedgebodes, mas saerTo folklori eqneba da es misi "omisa da mSvidobis" folklori iqneba. xalxad SeiZleba miviCnioT saswavlebeli (saSualo skola, internati, gimnazia, universiteti, calkeuli fakultetic ki), Tu mis ukan dgas TaobaTa wyeba, romelTa maxsovroba inaxavs profesor-maswavlebelTa ucnaurobaTa anekdotur ambebs Tu maT araordinaluri saqcielT da yvelaferi es zepirad iqneba gadacemuli Taobidan Taobas. aseve folkia profesiuli gaerTianebani, rogoric aris, amqari Tavisi tradiciiT, wes- CveulebebiT, mfarveli wmidanebiT da TqmulebebiT maT arqetipul qmedebebze. am principiT Tu vixelmZRvanelebT, folki SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT yvelgan, ara mxolod da gansakuTrebiT soflad, sadac Cveulebriv eZeben xalxur Semoqmedebas, aramed yvelgan, sadac adamianTa jgufebs aqvT met-naklebad xangrZlivi periodi erTad cxovrebisa da saerTo miznebiTa da amocanebiT suldgmulobisa, saerTo gansacdelisa, saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg brZolisa, saerTo gamarjvebisa da saerTo marcxisa. yovel amgvarad gagebul erTianobas aqvs Tavisi lore, Tavisi "sibrZne" anu Tavisi sakuTari folklori. mas aqvs es, inaxavs da gadascems mas Tundac erTaderT Taobamde, ra Rirebulebisac ar unda iyos igi. or adamiansac ki, bavSvobidan, uxsovrobidan TanSezrdil or megobars aqvs sakuTari folklori, dauwereli mikromatiane yvelaferi imisa, rac maT ganucdiaT, unaxavT, mousmeniaT, umReriaT. maT aqvT TavianTi sakuTari "ena", sakuTari simboloebi, pirobiTi niSnebi, romlebic mxolod maTTvis aris gasagebi. magram amJamad Cveni yuradRebis sagania adamianTa erTianobis ara yvela safexuri, zemoT rom iyo gakvriT naxsenebi, aramed mxolod da 8
mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic warmoadgens xalxs am cnebis sayovelTao gagebiT. Cveni sagania qarTveli xalxis folklori anu, rac igivea, qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba. Tumca aqac, am SesityvebaSi, "xalxi" gulisxmobs ufro mets, vidre erovnuli erTobaa, ufro mets, rac aviwroebs kidec mis mniSvnelobas. es xalxi aris sakuTriv Semoqmedi an Semnaxveli yvelaferi imisa, rac Seadgens folklors. germaneli romantikosi filosofosi iohan gotfrid herderi (1744-1803) werda: "xalxi (Volk) aris bunebrivi da Seuryvneli nawili erisa, amitom is mowodebulia erovnuli sulis gamosaxatavad". amrigad, igi fiqrobs, rom erSi aris birTvi, xalxi, folki (germ. Volk), romelzec dakisrebulia Semoqmedebis misia da misi Seqmnilia is, rac folkloris saxelwodebiT aris cnibili. amave dros, aseTi gageba xalxisa uaxlovdeba xalxuri Semoqmedebis mistikur gagebas, romlis mixedviTac is RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa. iakob grimi (1785-1863), folkloristikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli, wers Tavis kolegas, germanel poets arnims: "Tu Sen CemsaviT gwams, rom religia RvTaebrivi gamocxadebis Sedegad warmoiSva, rom enis warmoSobac aseve sasawaulebrivia da rom igi ar warmoadgens adamianis gamonagons, isic unda irwmuno da igrZno, rom xalxur poeziasac igive warmoSoba aqvs". es Tvalsazrisi xalxur poezias upirispirebs xelovnur poezias, romelic wignuri kulturis wiaRSia Seqmnili. romantikosi folkloristebi (da pirveli folkloristebi mxolod romantikosebi iyvnen) fiqrobdnen, rom xalxuri leqsi aracnobierad ibadeba, rom xalxuri poezia aris adamianSi RvTaebrivis gamovlena. "igi SiSvelia da atarebs Tavis TavSi RvTis xats", werda vilhelm grimi. yoveli movlenis warmoSoba saidumloebiT aris moculi, saidumlo ki RvTiuri myofobis niSania. uZvelesi tradicia sityvieri Semoqmedebis dasabams RvTiur samyaroSi xedavs, rogorc dasturdeba homerosis poemebis dasawyis striqonebSi ("risxvaze mimRere, qalRmerTo...", "kacze miambe, muzav..."). rogor unda gavigoT xalxuri Semoqmedebis RvTiuri warmomavloba? germaneli romantikosebi, cxadia, ar fiqrobdnen berZeni rafsodis kvalze, TiTqos xalxuri sityvierebis Sinaarsebi RvTiuri samyarodan aris nakarnaxevi. "RvTiuri" maT naazrevSi niSnavda "zeindividualurs", "zepirovnuls", rogoric namdvilad aris xalxuri Semoqmedeba. xalxuri Semoqmedi ganicdis Tavis TavSi imaze maRals, rasac misi yoveldRiuri, yofiTi arseba, misi pirovneba warmoadgens. zeindividualuri adamianSi is safexuria, romelic erTma tradiciam, SeiZleba, "RvTiurad" miiCnios, meorem _ saerTosaxalxod anu im realobad, rasac zemoT "xalxi" vuwodeT. rasac xalxuri Semoqmedi qmnis, Tavisi pirovnuli cnobierebis safexuridan, folkis cnobierebamde amaRlebuli qmnis. garkveuli azriT, rasac is qmnis, ar aris misi sakuTari pirovnuli Semoqmedeba. es aris, ZiriTadad, amominurobis sazrisi. Cven viciT zogadad, ras warmoadgens "xalxi", romlis cnobierebaSi daculia zepirsityvieri fondi. viciT, aseve zogadad, ras moicavs xalxuri Semoqmedeba (mis Janrul Semadgenlobaze qvemoT iqneba saubari). axla gavarkvioT, ra saxiT arsebobs igi, rogor vrceldeba, rogor da 9
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic warmoadgens xalxs am cnebis<br />
sayovelTao gagebiT.<br />
Cveni sagania qarTveli xalxis <strong>folklori</strong> anu, rac igivea, <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
xalxuri sityviereba. Tumca aqac, am SesityvebaSi, "xalxi" gulisxmobs<br />
ufro mets, vidre erovnuli erTobaa, ufro mets, rac aviwroebs kidec<br />
mis mniSvnelobas. es xalxi aris sakuTriv Semoqmedi an Semnaxveli<br />
yvelaferi imisa, rac Seadgens folklors. germaneli romantikosi<br />
filosofosi iohan gotfrid herderi (1744-1803) werda: "xalxi (Volk) aris<br />
bunebrivi da Seuryvneli nawili erisa, amitom is mowodebulia erovnuli<br />
sulis gamosaxatavad". amrigad, igi fiqrobs, rom erSi aris birTvi,<br />
xalxi, folki (germ. Volk), romelzec dakisrebulia Semoqmedebis misia da<br />
misi Seqmnilia is, rac <strong>folklori</strong>s saxelwodebiT aris cnibili. amave<br />
dros, aseTi gageba xalxisa uaxlovdeba xalxuri Semoqmedebis mistikur<br />
gagebas, romlis mixedviTac is RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa. iakob grimi<br />
(1785-1863), <strong>folklori</strong>stikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli, wers Tavis kolegas,<br />
germanel poets arnims: "Tu Sen CemsaviT gwams, rom religia RvTaebrivi<br />
gamocxadebis Sedegad warmoiSva, rom enis warmoSobac aseve<br />
sasawaulebrivia da rom igi ar warmoadgens adamianis gamonagons, isic<br />
unda irwmuno da igrZno, rom xalxur poeziasac igive warmoSoba aqvs".<br />
es Tvalsazrisi xalxur poezias upirispirebs xelovnur poezias,<br />
romelic wignuri kulturis wiaRSia Seqmnili. romantikosi<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>stebi (da pirveli <strong>folklori</strong>stebi mxolod romantikosebi<br />
iyvnen) fiqrobdnen, rom xalxuri leqsi aracnobierad ibadeba, rom<br />
xalxuri poezia aris adamianSi RvTaebrivis gamovlena. "igi SiSvelia da<br />
atarebs Tavis TavSi RvTis xats", werda vilhelm grimi. yoveli movlenis<br />
warmoSoba saidumloebiT aris moculi, saidumlo ki RvTiuri myofobis<br />
niSania. uZvelesi tradicia sityvieri Semoqmedebis dasabams RvTiur<br />
samyaroSi xedavs, rogorc dasturdeba homerosis poemebis dasawyis<br />
striqonebSi ("risxvaze mimRere, qalRmerTo...", "kacze miambe, muzav...").<br />
rogor unda gavigoT xalxuri Semoqmedebis RvTiuri warmomavloba?<br />
germaneli romantikosebi, cxadia, ar fiqrobdnen berZeni rafsodis<br />
kvalze, TiTqos xalxuri sityvierebis Sinaarsebi RvTiuri samyarodan<br />
aris nakarnaxevi. "RvTiuri" maT naazrevSi niSnavda "zeindividualurs",<br />
"zepirovnuls", rogoric namdvilad aris xalxuri Semoqmedeba. xalxuri<br />
Semoqmedi ganicdis Tavis TavSi imaze maRals, rasac misi yoveldRiuri,<br />
yofiTi arseba, misi pirovneba warmoadgens. zeindividualuri adamianSi is<br />
safexuria, romelic erTma tradiciam, SeiZleba, "RvTiurad" miiCnios,<br />
meorem _ saerTosaxalxod anu im realobad, rasac zemoT "xalxi"<br />
vuwodeT. rasac xalxuri Semoqmedi qmnis, Tavisi pirovnuli cnobierebis<br />
safexuridan, folkis cnobierebamde amaRlebuli qmnis. garkveuli azriT,<br />
rasac is qmnis, ar aris misi sakuTari pirovnuli Semoqmedeba. es aris,<br />
ZiriTadad, amominurobis sazrisi.<br />
Cven viciT zogadad, ras warmoadgens "xalxi", romlis cnobierebaSi<br />
daculia zepirsityvieri fondi. viciT, aseve zogadad, ras moicavs<br />
xalxuri Semoqmedeba (mis Janrul Semadgenlobaze qvemoT iqneba saubari).<br />
axla gavarkvioT, ra saxiT arsebobs igi, rogor vrceldeba, rogor da<br />
9
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