qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da marduqis xeliT TiamaTis muclis<br />
gafatvra da amosvla, rogorc mzisa wyvdiadidan, rac qaosidan kosmosis<br />
dabadebas niSnavs. aseve kosmogoniuria Zvelinduri indrasa da gveleSap<br />
vritras Soris Serkinebis miTosi. uxelfexo uzarmazari gveleSapi<br />
vritra, romelmac STanTqa mdinareTa wylebi da moaqcia Tavis SiganSi,<br />
ylapavs mis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebul indras. indra Signidan ganwvalavs<br />
gveleSapis sxeuls, ixsnis Tavs da datyvevebul wylebsac, misi<br />
sxeulisgan qmnis samyaros sxvadasxva nivTs [miTebi:534].<br />
STanTqma-amonTxevis kosmogoniur miTosSi zogan gamWvirvaled, zogan<br />
Sefarulad Cans erTi mniSvnelovani miTologema: STamnTqmeli zRvauri<br />
urCxuli, gveleSapi STanTqmulis mSobeli dedaa, romlis saSodan<br />
xelaxla unda daibados RvTaeba, kosmogoniuri gmiri. babilonuri<br />
kosmogoniuri eposis TiamaTi (`zRva~) yvela RmerTis didi dedaa, maT<br />
Soris marduqisac, romelmac misi sxeulisgan samyaro Seeqmna. am<br />
miTologiur faqts mowmobs polinezieli gmiris STamnTqmeli gveleSapis<br />
saxeli – `didi-didi-didi deda~ [kampbeli:91].<br />
STanTqmas, rogorc miTologemas, kidev erTi datvirTva aqvs: igi<br />
niSnavs damarxvas, daflvas, saSoSi ukan dabrunebas anu, sxvanairad,<br />
embrionad qcevas, raTa arseba kvlav iSvas. meore mxriv, STanTqma-STaflva<br />
sikvdilis sinonimia, rasac unda mosdevdes aRdgoma-gacocxleba,<br />
sabolood, isev da isev xelaxali Soba. amrigad, gveleSapis muceli<br />
dedis saSoa, saidanac unda daibados arseba. amitomac ar unda iyos<br />
moulodneli, rom tyeSi mdebare is qoxi, sadac pirvelyofili xalxebi<br />
asruleben mowifulobaSi gadasvlis ritualebs, `dedis saSod~ iwodeba<br />
da, imavdroulad, gveleSapis wiaRs warmoadgens. zogan qoxSi<br />
Sesasvleli, sadac Sedis mowifulobis zRurbls miwevnili bavSvi,<br />
`gveleSapis pirad~ iwodeba, karis daxurva ki gveleSapis mucelSi mis<br />
gamomwyvdevas ganasaxierebs. axal gvineaSi sainiciacio qoxs gveleSapis<br />
forma aqvs Tavisi mucliTa da kudiT. bavSvi Sedis qoxSi, TiTqos<br />
gveleSapis mucelSi inTqmebodes. es misi didi dedis saSoc aris, sadac<br />
is ubrundeba embrionalur statuss da saidanac is meored ibadeba,<br />
rogorc sazogadoebis (tomis) srulfasovani da sruluflebiani wevri<br />
[eliade 1965:35-36].<br />
cxadia, amiranis STanTqma-amonTxevas aRar aqvs is datvirTva, rac<br />
mas tradiciul sazogadoebebSi hqonda. amiranis TavgadasavalSi es<br />
epizodi zRurblia, romlis gadalaxvis Semdeg misi yofa axal safexurze<br />
adis.<br />
Tu pirveli SobiT gmiris sicocxle iwyeba, meore SobiT _ axali<br />
sicocxle. rogorc pirveli Sobis dros gaiWra dedis muceli, aseve am<br />
meore Sobisas ikveTeba ferdi gveleSapisa im daniT, romelic Tan dahyva<br />
mas pirveli Sobidan. Cans, meore Soba gardauvali yofila: is am<br />
Tandayolil danaSia nagulisxmevi. es imas niSnavs, rom gveleSapi<br />
amiranis bedisweraa, TiTqos gadamwyvet zRurblze misi mSobeli deda<br />
xvdeba mas am gveleSapis saxiT, romelic xelaxla badebs mas. magram Tu<br />
85
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