qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

gansxvavebiT sxva eposTa gmirebisgan, romlebic mTeli Txrobis
manZilze igiveobrivni rCebian sakuTar TavTan, amiranis pirovneba
ganviTarebas ganicdis, igi icvleba yoveli zRurblis gadalaxvis Semdeg.
zRurblebi gmiris sulier (aseve fizikur) ganviTarebaSi axal-axal
safexurebs aRniSnaven. Zveli da axali msoflio eposebis gmirebi _
odisevsi, aqilevsi, agamemnoni da sxvani dasrulebuli saxiT gamovidnen
TiTqos zevsis Tavidan. mudmivi epiTetebi, romlebic ganuyrelad Tan
sdeven maT, mowmoben maTi fizikur-sulieri saxis imTaviTve
dasrulebulobas. rogorc Semodian isini TxrobaSi, iseTiveni rCebian
isini im kataklizmebisa da gansacdelebis Semdeg, romelTac ganicdian
isini. arc araferi ematebaT, arc akldebaT. odisevsi TiTqos SobiTganve
mravalnacadi da didgamWriaxia _ es misi bedisweruli daxasiaTebebia.
aqilevsi mudam fexmardia, magram, rac mTavaria, xanmokle sicocxle misi
bedisweraa, misi xasiaTi imTaviTve dasazRvrulia da amgvari Semodis is
epikur sinamdvileSi. aseve germaneli zigfridi, franki rolandi, espaneli
sidi, berZeni digenis akritasi da sxvani da sxvani, romelTa xasiaTsa da
bunebaSi Cven veraviTar cvlilebas gansacdelTa ganvlis Semdeg ver
vamCnevT. maT TavgadasavalSi ar SeimCneva gardamtexi zRurblebi,
romelTac ganviTarebis safexurebze ahyavT gmiri. Cveni amocanaa am
zRurblTa SemCneva da maTTvis maTi kuTvnili adgilis miCena gmiris
TavgadasavalSi.
epikuri gmiris anu, sxvanairad, tradiciuli gmiris Tavgadasavlis
epizodebad dayofas karga xnis istoria aqvs. pirvelad (1864 w.)
germanelma ioahan georg fon hanma scada 14 gmiris Tavgadasavlis
safuZvelze daedgina 16-epizodiani modeli, romelic oTx jgufad hqonda
dayofili: dabadeba, siWabuke, dabruneba da sxva SemTxvevebi [raglani:142-
3]. iseTi gmirisaTvis, rogoric amirania, haniseul sqemaSi mxolod ramdenime
elementi Tu gamodgeba, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am elementebis
Sinaarss ramdenadme gavafarTovebT an transformirebulad warmovidgenT:
gmiris ukanonod dabadeba, dabadebisas dayolili niSnebi, gadagdeba,
ucxo col-qmris mier aRzrda. mis kvals mihyva (1881 w.) alfred nati (Nutt),
romelmac 14-mde daiyvana epizodTa ricxvi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
saanalizod damatebiT kelturi (arturis cikli) da finuri Tqmulebebi
gamoiyena [raglani:143]. 1934 wels gamoqveynebul SromaSi `tradiciuli
gmiri~ ficroi riCard somerset raglanma (Fitzroy Richard Somerset Raglan)
epizodTa raodenoba 22-mde gazarda: Tormeti klasikuri, sami bibliuri
(iosebi, mose, elia), erTi germanikuli (zigfridi), erTi kelturi (arturi)
da erTic Zvelegvipturi (nikanga) `biografiebis~ safuZvelze
[raglani:145-150]. bolos, holandieli folkloristi ian de frizi (Jan de
Vries) 10-epizodian modelamde daiyvans. Cveni azriT, igi yvelaze
optimaluria da, albaT, universaluric, yovel SemTxvevaSi igi ukeTesad
esadageba amiranis Tavgadasavals. mogvyavs igi mTlianad: I. gmiri isaxeba,
II. ibadeba, II. dabadebuls safrTxe emuqreba, IV. izrdeba, V. uZlevelia, VI.
ebrZvis gveleSaps da sxva urCxulebs, VII. didi gansacdelis gavliT
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