qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirsityvieri teqstebi; Zveli gadadis,<br />
mis nacvlad axali mkvidrdeba. `xalxs is moswons, rac axalia~, amboben<br />
`odiseaSi~ Zveli miTebis momRerlis demodokes msmenelni. da is Zveli,<br />
romelic ukan ixevs, gadis xalxis mexsierebis sawieridan, Tu asoniSnebiT<br />
ar iqna Cawerili, samudamo daviwyebisTvis aris ganwiruli. arc<br />
erTi zemoxsenebuli xalxuri eposis xsenebac ki ar iqneboda, rom maT<br />
Caweraze ar ezrunaT. Seqmnidan orasi wlis Semdeg Cawerili iqna<br />
`simRera Cems sidze~ (Semonaxulia erTaderTi 1307 wlis xelnaweriT);<br />
CaweriT gadaurCa drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala~, irlandiuri Tu<br />
islandiuri sagebi, epikuri ciklebi digenis akritasze; damwerlobam<br />
gadaarCina rusuli bilinebi, romlebic maTi pirvelCaweridan asi wlis<br />
Semdeg xalxis xsovnaSi ukve waSlili iyo.<br />
dasanania, rom saqarTveloSi, uZvelesi damwerlobis qveyanaSi, XIX<br />
saukunis meore naxevramde ar ucdiaT xalxuri eposebis Cawera. Cvens<br />
werilobiT ZeglebSi maTi arsebobis mxolod fragmentuli kvali<br />
SeiZleba davadasturoT. im xanamde, roca maTi Caweris interesi gaCnda,<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri eposi arasrulyofili, fragmentuli, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
dakninebuli saxiT iyo moRweuli. ra saxe hqonda mas klasikur, epikuri<br />
Semoqmedebis apogeaSi, CvenTvis samudamod ucnobi rCeba. magram, rogorc<br />
odisevsi ambobs sakuTar Tavze, `am galewili bzidanac Cans, ra TavTavic<br />
viyavio~, igive SegviZlia vTqvaT am epikur teqstebze, romelTa analizs<br />
vTavazobT mkiTxvels winamdebare wignSi.<br />
es sami eposi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. TiToeuli maTgani<br />
warmoadgens epikuri Semoqmedebis gansakuTrebul saxeobas. isini<br />
ganekuTvnebian qarTveli xalxis kulturuli cxovrebis, qveynis istoriis<br />
sxvadasxva periods, Seiqmnen gansxvavebul kulturul fenebSi.<br />
problematuria `amiranianis~ Seqmna-Camoyalibebis xana, magram Cven<br />
SegviZlia zustad ganvsazRvroT `arsenas leqsis~ Seqmna-gavrcelebis<br />
periodi. amirani miTologiur samyaroSi moqmedi personaJia, romlis<br />
asparezi sakacobrioa. arsena ki realuri pirovnebaa, masze SeTxzuli<br />
`Sairsityvebis~ Tanamedrove. magram rac unda sxvaobdes maTi `sknelebi~,<br />
maT Soris arsebiTi msgavsebaa, ris Cvenebasac cdilobs avtori. SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom amirani xalxuri eposis ania (alfa) anu dasabami, rogorc paradigma<br />
da arqetipi, arsena ki _ hoe (omega), misi ukanaskneli variacia.<br />
asec SegveZlo gveTqva: `amiraniani~ da `arsenas leqsi~ erT epikur, magram<br />
sxvadasxva siRrmis dinebas ekuTvnian; `mas Jams~, magram ar viciT, rodis<br />
gaWril saerTo kalapotSi miedinebian. msgavseba siRrmiseulia,<br />
gansxvaveba _ epoqaluri. ver vpovebT sxva xalxur eposs, sadac ise<br />
mkveTrad iyos gacxadebuli adamianis amaRlebisa da dacemis egzistencialuri<br />
drama, rogorc es `amiraniansa~ da `arsenas leqsSia~.<br />
da mesame, Cveni ganxilvis sagania romantikuli eposi _ poema<br />
`eTeriani~, romelic adamianis bunebis sxva siRrmeebs swvdeba. aq<br />
namdvilad `sxvaa adamiani~, ara epoqalurad sxva, aramed adamianis sxva<br />
tipi, _ aseT sxvas vxvdebiT imave epoqis `vefxistyaosanSi~. aq siyvaruli<br />
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