qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
zRapris genezisis problema Zalze rTulia, SeiZleba iTqvas, am etapze gadauWreli. e. w. folkloristTa Crdilouri skolam (skandinavia, fineTi) aTwleulebi Sealia am sagans, magram amaod. zRapris samSoblo kvlav dafarulia. magram arsebobda ki erTi adgili, sadac Caisaxa pirveli zRapari? zRapari Caisaxa Tu zRapris embrioni, romelmac Semdeg Camoyalibda zRaprad? sad, romel qveyanaSi, romel xalxSi? an ra mizniT? ra yofiTi funqcia hqonda mas Tavdapirvelad da a. S. amocanas is arTulebs, rom zRapari, rogorc zepirsityvieri teqsti, ascda damwerlobas: iSviaTad Tu gamxdara zRapari werilobiTi kulturis kuTvnileba. Tobidan Taobas zepirad gadacemuli icvlida saxes da ikargeboda kidec. is saxe zRaprebisa, romelTac moicavs `saZiebeli~ SedarebiT gvian aris Camoyalibebuli. TiTebze CamosaTvlelia zRaprebi, romlebic damwerlobis interesis sferoSi moxvdnen. magaliTisTvis davasaxelebT asurul-babilonur (aqadur) zRapars Cven mier saxeldebuli `cxovelTa eposis~ repertuaridan _ `gveli da arwivi daZmobildnen...~ [Suamd:138] da Zvelegviptur vrcel moTxrobas ori Zmis Sesaxeb [vikentievi], romelic jadosnuri zRapris motivebs da struqturas avlens. magram gagviWirdeba imis Tqma, rom samSoblo cxovelTa eposisa SuamdinareTia, jadosnuris zRaprisa ki _ Zveli egvipte. XIX s-is samociani wlebidan germaneli mecnieris Teodor benfeis (1809- 1881) gamokvlevebis gavleniT [kokiara:320-322], karga xans miRebuli iyo azri, rom zRaprebi da, sazogadod, xalxuri narativebi (igavebi da sxva) indoeTidan gavrcelda mTels dedamiwis zurgze. maTi wyaro ki iyo induri cxovelTa igavarakebis kompoziciuri krebuli `panCatantra~, romelic Cv. w. III-IV saukuneebSi Seiqmna sanskritze. sxvadasxva saukuneebSi es induri literaturuli nawarmoebi sxvadasxva enebze iTargmneboda da paralelurad xalxSi vrceldeboda, iZenda ra xalxur variantebs. mere kvlav literaturul saxes iRebda, raTa kvlav folklorizacia ganecada. da ase moedo mTels axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropas. es enebia falauri (saSualo sparsuli), siriuli, arabuli, sparsuli, berZnuli, ebrauli, slavuri, Turquli, espanuri, laTinuri, franguli, italiuri, germanuli, inglisuri... aRnusxulia eqvsasamde Targmani 60 enaze. TiToeulma am enam moaxdina induridan wamosuli cxovelTa igav-arakebis adaptacia. qarTul literaturaSi `panCatantra~ `qilila da damanas~ saxiT movida (XVII-XVIII ss.), romelmac, Tavis mxriv, igavTa folkloruli variantebi warmoSva. am Teorias `moxetiale siuJetebis~, orientaluri (aRmosavluri), an `sesxebis~ Teoria ewoda. miuxedavad imisa, rom `sesxebis~ Teoriam bevri igav-arakuli siuJetis warmoSobas (pirvelwyaros) mohfina Suqi, mainc folkloristika veRar dakmayofilda `moxetiale siuJetTa~ Teoriis calmxrivi gagebiT, kerZod, maTi eqskluziurad induri warmoSobiT. zRapari ar daiyvaneba igavebze da sazRapro siuJetebi igavTa siuJetebze. droTa viTarebaSi aqtualoba dakarga zRaparis, rogorc Janris, samSoblos Ziebam da mTavari yuradReba mieqca mis struqturas (amaze ukve gvqonda zemoT saubari). 70
magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeba, romlis meore mxare maT `xetials~ gulisxmobs, gamowveulia xalxTa Soris kulturul-istoriuli kavSirebiT, gamaxvilda yuradReba im gzebze, romlebiTac es siuJetebi xalxidan xalxSi xetialoben. maTTvis enobrivi barieri ar arsebobs. es gzebia _ mcire aziidan xmelTaSua zRvis CrdiloeT sanapiros gavliT espaneTisken; saberZneTis arqipelagis gavliT siciliasa da italiaSi; mcire aziidanve bizantiisa da balkaneTis gavliT evropaSi. Turquli modgmis xalxebis gza Soreuli aRmosavleTidan cimbiris gavliT da Sua aziidan ruseTis samxriT stepebis gavliT evropis misadgomebamde (ungrelebi, bulgarelebi). mniSvnelovania im epoqebis moniSvna, roca xdeboda xalxTa didi gadasaxlebebi da laSqrobebi: kimerielebis gavla kavkasionis wiaR saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT urartumde; aleqsandre makedonelis laSqroba dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken; arabi tomebis moZraoba aRmosavleTidan ukidures dasavleTamde; monRolTa urdoebis moZraoba Sida monRoleTidan dasavleTisken; jvarosnuli laSqrobebi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken. berZnul werilobiT tradiciaSi miTologiurma gadmocemebma Taviseburad gamoxates kulturuli gacvla-gamocvlis ganuwyveteli procesi: ios finikielebi itaceben argosidan; evropes finikiidan itaceben elinebi; oqros sawmisi eladidan kolxeTSi midis: oqros sawmiss ibruneben da medeas itaceben elinebi; troeli parisi eladidan itacebs mSvenier elenes; elini tomebi ilaSqreben elenes dasabruneblad mcire aziaSi; troelTa erTi nawili eneasis winamZRolobiT daiZrebian evropisken... bolos, elini tomebi gadian arqipelagidan mcire aziisa da Savi zRvis sanapiroebisken (kolonizacia procesi). Zvel samyaroSi kulturebi arasodes yofilan Caketilni da izolirebulni erTmaneTis mimarT. siuJetebis `xetiali~, maTi `xiznoba~ da damkvidreba xalxidan xalxSi, kulturul RirebulebaTa sesxeba gacilebiT intensiuri iyo Zvel xalxebSi, urTierTobis yvela forma _ saomari laSqrobebidan dawyebili aRebmicemobiT (saganTa gacvla-gamocvliT) damTavrebuli _ CarTuli iyo kulturaTa urTierTgamdidrebis am istoriul procesSi. ra Tqma unda, kulturuli aReb-micemoba zRapruloi siuJetebiT ar amoiwureboda. laparakia yvela xalxis zepirsityvier memkvidreobaze, romelic yovelTvis inarCunebda Riaobas ucxos mimarT. amas Cven SegviZlia vuwodoT SeZenili universaloba mas Semdeg, rac erTiani kacobrioba daiSla babilonis daumTavrebeli godlis kedlebTan. aq ukve SevdivarT kacobriobis arsebobis im periodSi, saidanac istoria mxolod da mxolod miTosis eniT gvelaparakeba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi babilonis godlis miTosis sazrisi is aris, rom erTiani kacobriobis TiToeulma nawilma gancalkevebis Semdeg met-naklebi sicxadiT SeZlo SeenarCunebina is saerTo, romelic maT erTianobaSi hqondaT. iyo da aris gaucxoeba, magram iyo da aris urTierTgagebac da urTierTSeRwevac swored im saerTo enis safuZvelze, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani iyo ziarebuli. literatura 71
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
- Page 83 and 84: VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis ko
- Page 85 and 86: TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da
- Page 87 and 88: sinaTleze unda gaiyvanos - mzeTunax
- Page 89 and 90: avSvobaze, mis idumalebriv warmoSob
- Page 91 and 92: ganuyrelad da Semweoba gauwies yama
- Page 93 and 94: XIV. mijaWva. amiranis sasjelis adg
- Page 95 and 96: XVI. gaTavisuflebis mcdelobani. Tan
- Page 97 and 98: mTadqceul gveleSapSi - amoikiTxa, r
- Page 99 and 100: saidumlos argamxelas (rom zevss mis
- Page 101 and 102: gaapo klde, romlis wiaRSi `samudamo
- Page 103 and 104: Ciqovani 1959: Ciqovani m., qarTuli
- Page 105 and 106: amgvarad ismis kiTxvebi: romelia `e
- Page 107 and 108: nawili 1. eqspozicia (ambavi qorwil
- Page 109 and 110: IV. abesalomis fici. V. qorwili. wr
- Page 111 and 112: abesalomis deda, iseve rogorc deda
- Page 113 and 114: ogorc RvTis bavSvebi, ar ekuTvnian
- Page 115 and 116: socialur dapirispirebas, romelsac g
- Page 117 and 118: Tumca igi sxva gziT cdilobs caTaswo
- Page 119 and 120: eSmaki. abesalomi ar aris eSmakis t
magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeba, romlis meore mxare maT `xetials~<br />
gulisxmobs, gamowveulia xalxTa Soris kulturul-istoriuli<br />
kavSirebiT, gamaxvilda yuradReba im gzebze, romlebiTac es siuJetebi<br />
xalxidan xalxSi xetialoben. maTTvis enobrivi barieri ar arsebobs. es<br />
gzebia _ mcire aziidan xmelTaSua zRvis CrdiloeT sanapiros gavliT<br />
espaneTisken; saberZneTis arqipelagis gavliT siciliasa da italiaSi;<br />
mcire aziidanve bizantiisa da balkaneTis gavliT evropaSi. Turquli<br />
modgmis xalxebis gza Soreuli aRmosavleTidan cimbiris gavliT da Sua<br />
aziidan ruseTis samxriT stepebis gavliT evropis misadgomebamde<br />
(ungrelebi, bulgarelebi). mniSvnelovania im epoqebis moniSvna, roca<br />
xdeboda xalxTa didi gadasaxlebebi da laSqrobebi: kimerielebis gavla<br />
kavkasionis wiaR saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT urartumde;<br />
aleqsandre makedonelis laSqroba dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken; arabi<br />
tomebis moZraoba aRmosavleTidan ukidures dasavleTamde; monRolTa<br />
urdoebis moZraoba Sida monRoleTidan dasavleTisken; jvarosnuli<br />
laSqrobebi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken. berZnul werilobiT<br />
tradiciaSi miTologiurma gadmocemebma Taviseburad gamoxates<br />
kulturuli gacvla-gamocvlis ganuwyveteli procesi: ios finikielebi<br />
itaceben argosidan; evropes finikiidan itaceben elinebi; oqros sawmisi<br />
eladidan kolxeTSi midis: oqros sawmiss ibruneben da medeas itaceben<br />
elinebi; troeli parisi eladidan itacebs mSvenier elenes; elini tomebi<br />
ilaSqreben elenes dasabruneblad mcire aziaSi; troelTa erTi nawili<br />
eneasis winamZRolobiT daiZrebian evropisken... bolos, elini tomebi<br />
gadian arqipelagidan mcire aziisa da Savi zRvis sanapiroebisken<br />
(kolonizacia procesi). Zvel samyaroSi kulturebi arasodes yofilan<br />
Caketilni da izolirebulni erTmaneTis mimarT. siuJetebis `xetiali~,<br />
maTi `xiznoba~ da damkvidreba xalxidan xalxSi, kulturul<br />
RirebulebaTa sesxeba gacilebiT intensiuri iyo Zvel xalxebSi,<br />
urTierTobis yvela forma _ saomari laSqrobebidan dawyebili aRebmicemobiT<br />
(saganTa gacvla-gamocvliT) damTavrebuli _ CarTuli iyo<br />
kulturaTa urTierTgamdidrebis am istoriul procesSi. ra Tqma unda,<br />
kulturuli aReb-micemoba zRapruloi siuJetebiT ar amoiwureboda.<br />
laparakia yvela xalxis zepirsityvier memkvidreobaze, romelic<br />
yovelTvis inarCunebda Riaobas ucxos mimarT. amas Cven SegviZlia<br />
vuwodoT SeZenili universaloba mas Semdeg, rac erTiani kacobrioba<br />
daiSla babilonis daumTavrebeli godlis kedlebTan. aq ukve SevdivarT<br />
kacobriobis arsebobis im periodSi, saidanac istoria mxolod da<br />
mxolod miTosis eniT gvelaparakeba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi babilonis godlis<br />
miTosis sazrisi is aris, rom erTiani kacobriobis TiToeulma nawilma<br />
gancalkevebis Semdeg met-naklebi sicxadiT SeZlo SeenarCunebina is<br />
saerTo, romelic maT erTianobaSi hqondaT. iyo da aris gaucxoeba, magram<br />
iyo da aris urTierTgagebac da urTierTSeRwevac swored im saerTo enis<br />
safuZvelze, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani iyo ziarebuli.<br />
literatura<br />
71
Change language