qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

zRapris genezisis problema Zalze rTulia, SeiZleba iTqvas, am etapze
gadauWreli. e. w. folkloristTa Crdilouri skolam (skandinavia,
fineTi) aTwleulebi Sealia am sagans, magram amaod. zRapris samSoblo
kvlav dafarulia. magram arsebobda ki erTi adgili, sadac Caisaxa
pirveli zRapari? zRapari Caisaxa Tu zRapris embrioni, romelmac Semdeg
Camoyalibda zRaprad? sad, romel qveyanaSi, romel xalxSi? an ra mizniT?
ra yofiTi funqcia hqonda mas Tavdapirvelad da a. S. amocanas is
arTulebs, rom zRapari, rogorc zepirsityvieri teqsti, ascda
damwerlobas: iSviaTad Tu gamxdara zRapari werilobiTi kulturis
kuTvnileba. Tobidan Taobas zepirad gadacemuli icvlida saxes da
ikargeboda kidec. is saxe zRaprebisa, romelTac moicavs `saZiebeli~
SedarebiT gvian aris Camoyalibebuli. TiTebze CamosaTvlelia zRaprebi,
romlebic damwerlobis interesis sferoSi moxvdnen. magaliTisTvis
davasaxelebT asurul-babilonur (aqadur) zRapars Cven mier
saxeldebuli `cxovelTa eposis~ repertuaridan _ `gveli da arwivi
daZmobildnen...~ [Suamd:138] da Zvelegviptur vrcel moTxrobas ori Zmis
Sesaxeb [vikentievi], romelic jadosnuri zRapris motivebs da
struqturas avlens. magram gagviWirdeba imis Tqma, rom samSoblo
cxovelTa eposisa SuamdinareTia, jadosnuris zRaprisa ki _ Zveli
egvipte.
XIX s-is samociani wlebidan germaneli mecnieris Teodor benfeis (1809-
1881) gamokvlevebis gavleniT [kokiara:320-322], karga xans miRebuli iyo
azri, rom zRaprebi da, sazogadod, xalxuri narativebi (igavebi da sxva)
indoeTidan gavrcelda mTels dedamiwis zurgze. maTi wyaro ki iyo
induri cxovelTa igavarakebis kompoziciuri krebuli `panCatantra~,
romelic Cv. w. III-IV saukuneebSi Seiqmna sanskritze. sxvadasxva
saukuneebSi es induri literaturuli nawarmoebi sxvadasxva enebze
iTargmneboda da paralelurad xalxSi vrceldeboda, iZenda ra xalxur
variantebs. mere kvlav literaturul saxes iRebda, raTa kvlav
folklorizacia ganecada. da ase moedo mTels axlo aRmosavleTsa da
evropas. es enebia falauri (saSualo sparsuli), siriuli, arabuli,
sparsuli, berZnuli, ebrauli, slavuri, Turquli, espanuri, laTinuri,
franguli, italiuri, germanuli, inglisuri... aRnusxulia eqvsasamde
Targmani 60 enaze. TiToeulma am enam moaxdina induridan wamosuli
cxovelTa igav-arakebis adaptacia. qarTul literaturaSi `panCatantra~
`qilila da damanas~ saxiT movida (XVII-XVIII ss.), romelmac, Tavis mxriv,
igavTa folkloruli variantebi warmoSva. am Teorias `moxetiale
siuJetebis~, orientaluri (aRmosavluri), an `sesxebis~ Teoria ewoda.
miuxedavad imisa, rom `sesxebis~ Teoriam bevri igav-arakuli siuJetis
warmoSobas (pirvelwyaros) mohfina Suqi, mainc folkloristika veRar
dakmayofilda `moxetiale siuJetTa~ Teoriis calmxrivi gagebiT, kerZod,
maTi eqskluziurad induri warmoSobiT. zRapari ar daiyvaneba igavebze
da sazRapro siuJetebi igavTa siuJetebze. droTa viTarebaSi aqtualoba
dakarga zRaparis, rogorc Janris, samSoblos Ziebam da mTavari
yuradReba mieqca mis struqturas (amaze ukve gvqonda zemoT saubari).
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