qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
cnobierebisa, romelic Taviseburad aRiqvams yofierebis movlenebs da faqtebs, gardaqmnis da inaxavs maT. cxadi xdeba, rom eTnografia da eTnologia folkloristikis momijnave (Tu damxmare) sxva disciplinebidan yvelaze ufro axlos aris masTan, ramdenadac folklorul Semoqmedebas yofaSi udgas fesvi da misgan mowyvetili kargavs Tavis arsebiT niSnebs. es aris misi erT-erTi fundamenturi niSani, romelic mas literaturuli Semoqmedebisgan ganasxvavebs. folkloruli Semoqmedebis specifikuri niSnebi maT urTierTkavSirSi, maT erTobliobaSi, erTmaneTisgan gamomdinareobaSi unda iqnas ganxiluli da gaazrebuli. tradiciuli niSnebi xalxuri Semoqmedebisa, romlebic SeiZleba dayvanil iqnas gansazRvrul raodenobamde, rogoric aris anonimuroba, gavrcelebis zepiri forma, variantuloba da koleqtiuroba, arsebiTad, arawignuri kulturis damaxasiaTebeli da ganmsazRvreli niSnebia, riTac folklori literaturas upirispirdeba, Tumca es niSnebi, met-naklebi intensivobiT da gansxvavebuli motivaciiT, mwerlobas anu individualur Semoqmedebasac axasiaTebs. warmoiSveba problema, romelic amgvarad iqneba dasmuli: ra gansxvavebaa, magaliTad, folklorul anonimurobasa da literaturul anonimurobas Soris, anu: ra iwvevs anonimurobas erT SemTxvevaSi da ra iwvevs _ meore SemTxvevaSi. problema ganzogadoebul saxes iRebs da yalibdeba Semdegnairad: erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori kultura _ zepiri (udamwerlobo), smenaze dafuZnebuli, da wignuri (samwerlo), xedvaze dafuZnebuli. yuri da Tvali aq fundamenturi (amosavali) niSnebia, romlebic Tav-Tavis daRs aCneven am kulturebs. es problema gadaizrdeba msmenelisa da mkiTxvelis problemaSi. folklorul SemoqmedebaSi Cven saqme gvaqvs msmenelTan, rogorc folkloruli teqstis erT-erTi SesaZlebeli variantis potenciur avtorTan. termin "folklors" folklore, Tumca masSi nagulisxmevi masala _ zepirsityvieri sibrZne Tu codna _ Tavisi arsiT anonimuria da principulad dauTariRebeli, avtoric hyavs da misi Seqmnis droc cnobilia. misi arseboba iwyeba 1846 wlidan, roca uiliam Tomsma (William Thoms) inglisur Jurnal "aTeneumis" (The Athenaeum) 22 agvistos nomerSi gamoaqveyna statia saTauriT "Folklore", sadac pirvelad gamoCnda termini, romelic man ori Zvelinglisuri (saqsonuri) sityvisgan _ folk (xalxi) da lore (sibrZne, codna) _ monetasaviT "moWra". statia daviwyebas mieca, magram mis furclebze dabadebuli termini sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda. erTi welic ar iyo gasuli, rom Jurnali 1848 wels ukve aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda am terminis swrafi gavrcelebios gamo. ramdenime wlis ganmavlobasi igi gascilda inglisis sazRvrebs da SeaRwia kotinentze, skandinaviaSi, slavur qveynebSi. man Secvala xalxuri Semoqmedebis aRmniSvneli manamde arsebuli saxelwodebani: "xalxuri siZveleni" an erTgvarad winaaRmdegobrivi "xalxuri literatura" da mtkiced daimkvidra adgili humanitarul disciplinaTa aRmniSvnel terminebs Soris. 6
misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, rogorc cnebaSi, ufro farTo Sinaarss gulisxmobda, vidre Cven dRes. u. Tomsi sityviT lore aRniSnavda xalxis Semoqmedebis iseT sferosac, romelic SeiZleba gaSualebiTac ar iyos dakavSirebuli sityvasTan, sityvier SemoqmedebasTan. lore "sibrZne" misTvis moicavda yvelafers, rac ki adamians, adamianTa sazogadoebas, Seuqmnia Tavisi Segnebuli cxovrebis manZilze anu, rac homo sapiensi da homo faberi arsebobs dedamiwaze. es unda iyos yvelaferi _ bumerangidan (Tu mas umartives iaraRad miviCnevT), vrcel sityvier teqstebamde an iseT rTul folkorul fenomenamde, rogoricaa andaza. sityvieri Semoqmedeba erT-erTi Semavali nakadia am dausabamo da ukidegano mdinarebaSi, romelsac xalxur kulturas vuwodebT. droTa viTarebaSi es termini TandaTan viwrovdeba da zogierT tradiciaSi, mag., CvenTan, is mxolod zepirsityvierebas gulisxmobs. Tumca SemorCenilia misi farTe mniSvnelobis kvalic iseT terminSi, rogoric aris "musikaluri folklori", romelic "xalxuri musikis" tolfardi cnebaa. am azriT folkloria xalxuri cekvebi, xalxuri saxioba, xalxuri medicina, xalxuri saxviTi xelovneba, mSenebloba, xelosnoba, stumarmaspinZlobis wesebi, wes-Cveulebani, xalxuri kulinaria... anu yvelaferi, romlis codna dauwereli saxiT, zepirmetyvelebiT an, Tundac usityvod _ qceviT Tu moqmedebiT gadaecema Taobidan Taobas. raki termini "folklori" kompozitia da ori cnebisagan Sedgeba, mecnieruli interesic masSi nagulisxmevi realobisadmi ormagi unda iyos. ras gulisxmobs folk "xalxi" da ras gulisxmobs lore "sibrZne", "codna"? ganvixiloT pirveli. ras warmoadgens is "xalxi", romelic atarebs am "sibrZnes"? am kompozitSi sibrZne-codnasTan mimarTebaSi “xalxi" gulisxmobs adamianTa imgvar simravles, romelic garkveul niSanTa erTobliobiT aris gaerTianebuli da Tavadac acnobierebs da ganicdis am erTianobas. es SeiZleba is niSnebi iyos, romelic erT erad Sekravs sxvadasxva warmoSobis xalxebs da tomebs. es iqneba ena, teritoria, saerTo warsuli, saerTo mteri. imisaTvis, rom xalxi "sibrZnis" matarebeli "folki" gaxdes, amisaTvis aucilebelia, rom garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi igi saerTo cxovrebiT cxovrobdes. arsebobs qarTveli xalxi, romelic Tavis TavSi atarebs saerTo warsulis xsovnas, warsulisa, romelic dasaxlebulia saerTo winaprebiT da saerTo mtrebiT. erT enaze molaparake xalxs saerTo religia kidev ufro mWidrod aerTianebs, didi xnis mkvidroba erT teritoriaze mSobliurs xdis am miwa-wyals da migraciis SemTxvevaSi inaxavs mis xsovnas. xalxi inaxavs "codnas" am miwa-wyalze, mis "sibrZnes", romelic Tqmulebis, legendis, gadmocemis saxiT gadadis Taobidan TaobaSi. xalxi adamianTa jgufebis organuli, Sezrdili krebulia, romelsac aqvs Tavisi Suaguli, kera, centri, Tundac sxvadasxvagvarad gamoxatuli. folki SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod eri, aramed erTi sagvareulo an erTi ojaxi, romelic Semokrebilia erTi keriis ("Suacecxlis") garSemo da inaxavs winaprebis xsovnas da cecxls, rogorc ganivTebul xsovnas, ramdenadac es cecxli saerTo "Suacecxlis" nawilia. is ritualebi, romlebic sruldeba am keriasTan, 7
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, rogorc cnebaSi, ufro farTo<br />
Sinaarss gulisxmobda, vidre Cven dRes. u. Tomsi sityviT lore aRniSnavda<br />
xalxis Semoqmedebis iseT sferosac, romelic SeiZleba gaSualebiTac ar<br />
iyos dakavSirebuli sityvasTan, sityvier SemoqmedebasTan. lore "sibrZne"<br />
misTvis moicavda yvelafers, rac ki adamians, adamianTa sazogadoebas,<br />
Seuqmnia Tavisi Segnebuli cxovrebis manZilze anu, rac homo sapiensi da<br />
homo faberi arsebobs dedamiwaze. es unda iyos yvelaferi _ bumerangidan<br />
(Tu mas umartives iaraRad miviCnevT), vrcel sityvier teqstebamde an<br />
iseT rTul folkorul fenomenamde, rogoricaa andaza. sityvieri<br />
Semoqmedeba erT-erTi Semavali nakadia am dausabamo da ukidegano<br />
mdinarebaSi, romelsac xalxur kulturas vuwodebT. droTa viTarebaSi<br />
es termini TandaTan viwrovdeba da zogierT tradiciaSi, mag., CvenTan, is<br />
mxolod zepirsityvierebas gulisxmobs. Tumca SemorCenilia misi farTe<br />
mniSvnelobis kvalic iseT terminSi, rogoric aris "musikaluri<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>", romelic "xalxuri musikis" tolfardi cnebaa. am azriT<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>a xalxuri cekvebi, xalxuri saxioba, xalxuri medicina,<br />
xalxuri saxviTi xelovneba, mSenebloba, xelosnoba, stumarmaspinZlobis<br />
wesebi, wes-Cveulebani, xalxuri kulinaria... anu yvelaferi, romlis<br />
codna dauwereli saxiT, zepirmetyvelebiT an, Tundac usityvod _ qceviT<br />
Tu moqmedebiT gadaecema Taobidan Taobas.<br />
raki termini "<strong>folklori</strong>" kompozitia da ori cnebisagan Sedgeba,<br />
mecnieruli interesic masSi nagulisxmevi realobisadmi ormagi unda<br />
iyos. ras gulisxmobs folk "xalxi" da ras gulisxmobs lore "sibrZne",<br />
"codna"? ganvixiloT pirveli. ras warmoadgens is "xalxi", romelic<br />
atarebs am "sibrZnes"? am kompozitSi sibrZne-codnasTan mimarTebaSi<br />
“xalxi" gulisxmobs adamianTa imgvar simravles, romelic garkveul<br />
niSanTa erTobliobiT aris gaerTianebuli da Tavadac acnobierebs da<br />
ganicdis am erTianobas. es SeiZleba is niSnebi iyos, romelic erT erad<br />
Sekravs sxvadasxva warmoSobis xalxebs da tomebs. es iqneba ena,<br />
teritoria, saerTo warsuli, saerTo mteri. imisaTvis, rom xalxi<br />
"sibrZnis" matarebeli "folki" gaxdes, amisaTvis aucilebelia, rom<br />
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi igi saerTo cxovrebiT cxovrobdes.<br />
arsebobs qarTveli xalxi, romelic Tavis TavSi atarebs saerTo<br />
warsulis xsovnas, warsulisa, romelic dasaxlebulia saerTo<br />
winaprebiT da saerTo mtrebiT. erT enaze molaparake xalxs saerTo<br />
religia kidev ufro mWidrod aerTianebs, didi xnis mkvidroba erT<br />
teritoriaze mSobliurs xdis am miwa-wyals da migraciis SemTxvevaSi<br />
inaxavs mis xsovnas. xalxi inaxavs "codnas" am miwa-wyalze, mis "sibrZnes",<br />
romelic Tqmulebis, legendis, gadmocemis saxiT gadadis Taobidan<br />
TaobaSi. xalxi adamianTa jgufebis organuli, Sezrdili krebulia,<br />
romelsac aqvs Tavisi Suaguli, kera, centri, Tundac sxvadasxvagvarad<br />
gamoxatuli. folki SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod eri, aramed erTi<br />
sagvareulo an erTi ojaxi, romelic Semokrebilia erTi keriis<br />
("Suacecxlis") garSemo da inaxavs winaprebis xsovnas da cecxls,<br />
rogorc ganivTebul xsovnas, ramdenadac es cecxli saerTo<br />
"Suacecxlis" nawilia. is ritualebi, romlebic sruldeba am keriasTan,<br />
7
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