qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
eqvemdebareba vl. propiseul morfologiur (funqcionalur) analizs. Tu zRapris gmiris gamosvla asparezze ganpirobebulia gamstumreblis funqciiT, misi droebiTi warmateba-warumatebloba zRapris imanenturi kanonebis ZaliT damokidebulia mavneze, antagonistze, Semweze, mCuqebelze, sruliad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa cxovelTa eposSi. mTavari gmiri, Tuki igavSi arsebobs aseTi, mxolod da mxolod Tavis Tavs “eyudnis”, patronad, Semwed da mCuqeblad Tavisi Tavi hyavs. ar viciT, saidan Cndeba is asparezze. ram gamoiyvana mela Tavisi sorodan, CvenTvis ucnobia. ar hyavs mas gamstumrebeli. is da misi mowinaaRmdege ukve gareT arian, gzaze. ambavic gzaSi iwyeba SexvedriT. xvdebian, rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva (mxolod sxvadasxva!) gvaris cxovelebi. Sexvedras, rogorc saSualebas, mxolod ori mizani SeiZleba hqondes: daZmobileba da Sebma (Sejibri). daZmobileba gulisxmobs sakvebis erToblivad mopoebas, erTad Wamas, saerTo trapezs. mizani TiTqos materialuria, ukiduresad yofiTi, biologiuri, magram erTad Wama-sma Tanacxovrebis, simbiozis SesaZleblobis udidesi gamocdaa, ris Semdegac unda daiwyos sxva, maRali rangis urTierTobebi. aq ar wavalT Sors imis saCveneblad, Tu raoden didi xvedriTi wona aqvs xalxebis yofa-cxovrebaSi saerTo sufras, sadac adamianebi erTianobas eziarebian. adamianebi erTi modgmaa, erT gvars warmoadgenen uricxv qmnilebaTa Soris, amitomac maT surT erTianoba, miiswrafian erTmaneTisken, cdiloben daZlion babilonis godolis Semdgomi ucxooba, moZebnon ucxoSi “sxvai Cemi” (gr. robaqiZe). cxovelTa eposSic aris survili, TiTqos Sinagani, Tandayolili ltolva erTad cxovrebisa, rasac aq sruliad kanonzomierad saerTo trapezi gamoxatavs. magram es ar xerxdeba maTi erTmaneTTan SeuTavseblobis gamo. gavixsenoT melasa da weros epizodi, romelic mainc mSvidobianad mTavrdeba, Tumca erTmaneTis maspinZlobiT gawbilebulni erTmaneTs Sordebian, raTa kvlav aRar Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. magram ase mSvidobianad ar Sordebian erTmaneTs daZmobilebuli mela da mgeli. “Zmobil” mgels, romelsac Tavisi wili erbo SeuWama meliam, moRoreba ar akmara, tyavi gaaZro am sityvis pirdapiri sastiki mniSvnelobiT. es sisastike, rasac mela umiznod, SeiZleba iTqvas, uangarod sCadis, xsenebuli SeuTavseblobis kategoriuli gamoxatulebaa. ras niSnavs es siRrmiseulad? niSnavs imas, rom cxovelTa samyaro erTiani ar aris _ yvela Seqmnilia “Tavisi gvaris mixedviT”, am gvarTa Soris kavSiri ar arsebobs, gadebuli xidi umal tydeba, rogorc ki fundamenturi moTxovnileba _ am SemTxvevaSi Wama _ wamoiwevs win? cnobilia, rom kvebis sistema xalxTa Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani, SesaZloa, gadamwyveti ganmasxvavebeli niSania. Tu es asea adamianTa sazogadoebaSi, miT ufro es iTqmis cxovelebis mimarT, romelTa erTaderTi saqmianoba biologiur moTxovnilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli. sxvadasxva gvaris cxovelTa simbiozi kraxisTvis aris ganwiruli. maTi yoveli erToblivi saqmianoba aseve sruli kraxiT mTavrdeba: mamali, mela, ZaRli ver aSeneben sofels. es cxovelTa eposis Tema advilad xdeba moralizebis saSualeba, rogorc, magaliTisTvis, 60
krilovis arakSi (Однажды лебедь, рак да щука). sxvadasxva gvaris cxovelebi samyaros (kerZod, tyis) saerTo hamoniaSi monawileoben, magram erTmaneTisadmi SeuTavsebelni, Seurigebelni da mtrulni arian. amas aCvenebs cxovelTa eposi. ras unda iwvevdes es paradoqsebi CvenSi, adamianebSi? sicils Tu Cafiqrebas? melias improvizebuli oinebi, romlebic `Zmobilisadmia~ mimarTuli, TviTkmari Rirebulebis Semcvelia. ver vityviT, rom es oinebi Cagvafiqrebs, Cagvaxedebs Cvens TavSi. ara, melia Tavisi TavaSvebuli, sruliad gaumarTlebeli, umizezo sisastikiT Cvens samxileblad ar aris movlenili cxovelTa eposSi. Tumca, vimeoreb, igi SeiZleba moralis wasakiTxad, Wkuis saswavleblad iqnas gamoyenebuli. Tumca es ukve sxva Janri iqneba. magram, Tu ufro Rrmad SevxedavT am SeuTavseblobas, davinaxavT, rom SeuTavsebloba zedapirulia, fenomenuria, siRrmeSi ki erTianoba Zevs _ yvela qmnileba erT bunebas aris naziarebi da, Tu cxovelebi zedapirulad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, siRrmeSi isini erTni arian, rogorc erTi Semoqmedis qmnilebani. daZmobilebis, Tanacxovrebis survili cxovelTa eposSi amiT aris gamowveuli, igi Sinagani Zaxilia, bunebrivi tendenciaa. xalxuri sityviereba mainc aRiarebs cxovelTa samyaros solidarobas, romelic Zlevs zedapirul mtrobas. arafers vityviT jadosnur zRaparze, sadac es TvalsaCinoa. mTeli misi xerxemali solidarobazea agebuli _ maTi qmedebis mizani mTavari gmiria. foklori icnobs teqstebs, sadac Zleulia gaucxoeba, aRdgenilia erTianoba, roca gamoCndeba saerTo mizani. erT-erTi aseTia `sabralo dedabrisasa~ [qxp VIII:#713], sadac TiTqmis yvela gvaris Sinaur-gareuli cxoveli, romelic ki am leqsis Semqmneli sazogadoebisTvis aris cnobili, garTianebulia kacTagan (soflisgan, am sityvis orive mniSvnelobiT) gariyul-mitovebuli dedabris Sesawevad. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom am cxovelebSi (aha, maTi sruli sia: Tagvebi, lomebi, vefxvebi, taxebi, meliebi, weroebi, batebi, irmebi, daTvebi, mglebi, SaSvebi, gnolebi, kaWkaWebi, mtredebi, gvritebi, variebi, ixvebi, torolebi, xoxbebi, bulbulebi da, bolos, `sawyali beri qedani~) adamianebi igulisxmebian? aramc da aramc! mTeli paradoqsi, iumori, SesaZloa, komizmic swored imaSia, rom Semweni swored cxovelebi arian da ara adamianebi, romelTac humanisturi valdebuleba isedac unda hqonodaT am martoxela, umweo dedabris mimarT. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom am mozrdili leqsis, TiTqos eposis, sazrisSi mxileba ar Zevs, misi paTosi ar aris mamxilebeli. is, rac miuRwevelia cxovelTa eposSi, aq miRweulia. aq Txa da mgeli erTad araTu sZoven, erTad Sromoben sxvisTvis, erTi miznis qveS arian gaerTianebulni. yvela Tavisi SesaZleblobiT Seeweva dedabers. cxovelTa samyaro emsaxureba martod darCenils. dedaberi adamis rolSia, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis batoni. adamma am dedabris saxiT Tavisi Zveli dideba aRidgina, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis patronma. cxovelTa samyaro adamianis samsaxurSia Cayenebuli da poema, romelic mTlianad mamiTadis Temazea agebuli, lxiniT anu Tavisi bunebrivi dasasruliT mTavrdeba: 61
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
- Page 83 and 84: VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis ko
- Page 85 and 86: TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da
- Page 87 and 88: sinaTleze unda gaiyvanos - mzeTunax
- Page 89 and 90: avSvobaze, mis idumalebriv warmoSob
- Page 91 and 92: ganuyrelad da Semweoba gauwies yama
- Page 93 and 94: XIV. mijaWva. amiranis sasjelis adg
- Page 95 and 96: XVI. gaTavisuflebis mcdelobani. Tan
- Page 97 and 98: mTadqceul gveleSapSi - amoikiTxa, r
- Page 99 and 100: saidumlos argamxelas (rom zevss mis
- Page 101 and 102: gaapo klde, romlis wiaRSi `samudamo
- Page 103 and 104: Ciqovani 1959: Ciqovani m., qarTuli
- Page 105 and 106: amgvarad ismis kiTxvebi: romelia `e
- Page 107 and 108: nawili 1. eqspozicia (ambavi qorwil
- Page 109 and 110: IV. abesalomis fici. V. qorwili. wr
krilovis arakSi (Однажды лебедь, рак да щука). sxvadasxva gvaris<br />
cxovelebi samyaros (kerZod, tyis) saerTo hamoniaSi monawileoben, magram<br />
erTmaneTisadmi SeuTavsebelni, Seurigebelni da mtrulni arian. amas<br />
aCvenebs cxovelTa eposi. ras unda iwvevdes es paradoqsebi CvenSi,<br />
adamianebSi? sicils Tu Cafiqrebas? melias improvizebuli oinebi,<br />
romlebic `Zmobilisadmia~ mimarTuli, TviTkmari Rirebulebis Semcvelia.<br />
ver vityviT, rom es oinebi Cagvafiqrebs, Cagvaxedebs Cvens TavSi. ara,<br />
melia Tavisi TavaSvebuli, sruliad gaumarTlebeli, umizezo sisastikiT<br />
Cvens samxileblad ar aris movlenili cxovelTa eposSi. Tumca, vimeoreb,<br />
igi SeiZleba moralis wasakiTxad, Wkuis saswavleblad iqnas<br />
gamoyenebuli. Tumca es ukve sxva Janri iqneba.<br />
magram, Tu ufro Rrmad SevxedavT am SeuTavseblobas, davinaxavT, rom<br />
SeuTavsebloba zedapirulia, fenomenuria, siRrmeSi ki erTianoba Zevs _<br />
yvela qmnileba erT bunebas aris naziarebi da, Tu cxovelebi<br />
zedapirulad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, siRrmeSi isini erTni arian,<br />
rogorc erTi Semoqmedis qmnilebani. daZmobilebis, Tanacxovrebis<br />
survili cxovelTa eposSi amiT aris gamowveuli, igi Sinagani Zaxilia,<br />
bunebrivi tendenciaa. xalxuri sityviereba mainc aRiarebs cxovelTa<br />
samyaros solidarobas, romelic Zlevs zedapirul mtrobas. arafers<br />
vityviT jadosnur zRaparze, sadac es TvalsaCinoa. mTeli misi<br />
xerxemali solidarobazea agebuli _ maTi qmedebis mizani mTavari<br />
gmiria. foklori icnobs teqstebs, sadac Zleulia gaucxoeba, aRdgenilia<br />
erTianoba, roca gamoCndeba saerTo mizani. erT-erTi aseTia `sabralo<br />
dedabrisasa~ [qxp VIII:#713], sadac TiTqmis yvela gvaris Sinaur-gareuli<br />
cxoveli, romelic ki am leqsis Semqmneli sazogadoebisTvis aris<br />
cnobili, garTianebulia kacTagan (soflisgan, am sityvis orive<br />
mniSvnelobiT) gariyul-mitovebuli dedabris Sesawevad. SeiZleba<br />
vifiqroT, rom am cxovelebSi (aha, maTi sruli sia: Tagvebi, lomebi,<br />
vefxvebi, taxebi, meliebi, weroebi, batebi, irmebi, daTvebi, mglebi,<br />
SaSvebi, gnolebi, kaWkaWebi, mtredebi, gvritebi, variebi, ixvebi,<br />
torolebi, xoxbebi, bulbulebi da, bolos, `sawyali beri qedani~)<br />
adamianebi igulisxmebian? aramc da aramc! mTeli paradoqsi, iumori,<br />
SesaZloa, komizmic swored imaSia, rom Semweni swored cxovelebi arian<br />
da ara adamianebi, romelTac humanisturi valdebuleba isedac unda<br />
hqonodaT am martoxela, umweo dedabris mimarT. Tumca isic unda iTqvas,<br />
rom am mozrdili leqsis, TiTqos eposis, sazrisSi mxileba ar Zevs, misi<br />
paTosi ar aris mamxilebeli. is, rac miuRwevelia cxovelTa eposSi, aq<br />
miRweulia. aq Txa da mgeli erTad araTu sZoven, erTad Sromoben<br />
sxvisTvis, erTi miznis qveS arian gaerTianebulni. yvela Tavisi<br />
SesaZleblobiT Seeweva dedabers. cxovelTa samyaro emsaxureba martod<br />
darCenils. dedaberi adamis rolSia, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis batoni.<br />
adamma am dedabris saxiT Tavisi Zveli dideba aRidgina, rogorc yoveli<br />
qmnilebis patronma. cxovelTa samyaro adamianis samsaxurSia Cayenebuli<br />
da poema, romelic mTlianad mamiTadis Temazea agebuli, lxiniT anu<br />
Tavisi bunebrivi dasasruliT mTavrdeba:<br />
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