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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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eqvemdebareba vl. propiseul morfologiur (funqcionalur) analizs. Tu zRapris gmiris gamosvla asparezze ganpirobebulia gamstumreblis funqciiT, misi droebiTi warmateba-warumatebloba zRapris imanenturi kanonebis ZaliT damokidebulia mavneze, antagonistze, Semweze, mCuqebelze, sruliad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa cxovelTa eposSi. mTavari gmiri, Tuki igavSi arsebobs aseTi, mxolod da mxolod Tavis Tavs “eyudnis”, patronad, Semwed da mCuqeblad Tavisi Tavi hyavs. ar viciT, saidan Cndeba is asparezze. ram gamoiyvana mela Tavisi sorodan, CvenTvis ucnobia. ar hyavs mas gamstumrebeli. is da misi mowinaaRmdege ukve gareT arian, gzaze. ambavic gzaSi iwyeba SexvedriT. xvdebian, rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva (mxolod sxvadasxva!) gvaris cxovelebi. Sexvedras, rogorc saSualebas, mxolod ori mizani SeiZleba hqondes: daZmobileba da Sebma (Sejibri). daZmobileba gulisxmobs sakvebis erToblivad mopoebas, erTad Wamas, saerTo trapezs. mizani TiTqos materialuria, ukiduresad yofiTi, biologiuri, magram erTad Wama-sma Tanacxovrebis, simbiozis SesaZleblobis udidesi gamocdaa, ris Semdegac unda daiwyos sxva, maRali rangis urTierTobebi. aq ar wavalT Sors imis saCveneblad, Tu raoden didi xvedriTi wona aqvs xalxebis yofa-cxovrebaSi saerTo sufras, sadac adamianebi erTianobas eziarebian. adamianebi erTi modgmaa, erT gvars warmoadgenen uricxv qmnilebaTa Soris, amitomac maT surT erTianoba, miiswrafian erTmaneTisken, cdiloben daZlion babilonis godolis Semdgomi ucxooba, moZebnon ucxoSi “sxvai Cemi” (gr. robaqiZe). cxovelTa eposSic aris survili, TiTqos Sinagani, Tandayolili ltolva erTad cxovrebisa, rasac aq sruliad kanonzomierad saerTo trapezi gamoxatavs. magram es ar xerxdeba maTi erTmaneTTan SeuTavseblobis gamo. gavixsenoT melasa da weros epizodi, romelic mainc mSvidobianad mTavrdeba, Tumca erTmaneTis maspinZlobiT gawbilebulni erTmaneTs Sordebian, raTa kvlav aRar Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. magram ase mSvidobianad ar Sordebian erTmaneTs daZmobilebuli mela da mgeli. “Zmobil” mgels, romelsac Tavisi wili erbo SeuWama meliam, moRoreba ar akmara, tyavi gaaZro am sityvis pirdapiri sastiki mniSvnelobiT. es sisastike, rasac mela umiznod, SeiZleba iTqvas, uangarod sCadis, xsenebuli SeuTavseblobis kategoriuli gamoxatulebaa. ras niSnavs es siRrmiseulad? niSnavs imas, rom cxovelTa samyaro erTiani ar aris _ yvela Seqmnilia “Tavisi gvaris mixedviT”, am gvarTa Soris kavSiri ar arsebobs, gadebuli xidi umal tydeba, rogorc ki fundamenturi moTxovnileba _ am SemTxvevaSi Wama _ wamoiwevs win? cnobilia, rom kvebis sistema xalxTa Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani, SesaZloa, gadamwyveti ganmasxvavebeli niSania. Tu es asea adamianTa sazogadoebaSi, miT ufro es iTqmis cxovelebis mimarT, romelTa erTaderTi saqmianoba biologiur moTxovnilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli. sxvadasxva gvaris cxovelTa simbiozi kraxisTvis aris ganwiruli. maTi yoveli erToblivi saqmianoba aseve sruli kraxiT mTavrdeba: mamali, mela, ZaRli ver aSeneben sofels. es cxovelTa eposis Tema advilad xdeba moralizebis saSualeba, rogorc, magaliTisTvis, 60

krilovis arakSi (Однажды лебедь, рак да щука). sxvadasxva gvaris cxovelebi samyaros (kerZod, tyis) saerTo hamoniaSi monawileoben, magram erTmaneTisadmi SeuTavsebelni, Seurigebelni da mtrulni arian. amas aCvenebs cxovelTa eposi. ras unda iwvevdes es paradoqsebi CvenSi, adamianebSi? sicils Tu Cafiqrebas? melias improvizebuli oinebi, romlebic `Zmobilisadmia~ mimarTuli, TviTkmari Rirebulebis Semcvelia. ver vityviT, rom es oinebi Cagvafiqrebs, Cagvaxedebs Cvens TavSi. ara, melia Tavisi TavaSvebuli, sruliad gaumarTlebeli, umizezo sisastikiT Cvens samxileblad ar aris movlenili cxovelTa eposSi. Tumca, vimeoreb, igi SeiZleba moralis wasakiTxad, Wkuis saswavleblad iqnas gamoyenebuli. Tumca es ukve sxva Janri iqneba. magram, Tu ufro Rrmad SevxedavT am SeuTavseblobas, davinaxavT, rom SeuTavsebloba zedapirulia, fenomenuria, siRrmeSi ki erTianoba Zevs _ yvela qmnileba erT bunebas aris naziarebi da, Tu cxovelebi zedapirulad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, siRrmeSi isini erTni arian, rogorc erTi Semoqmedis qmnilebani. daZmobilebis, Tanacxovrebis survili cxovelTa eposSi amiT aris gamowveuli, igi Sinagani Zaxilia, bunebrivi tendenciaa. xalxuri sityviereba mainc aRiarebs cxovelTa samyaros solidarobas, romelic Zlevs zedapirul mtrobas. arafers vityviT jadosnur zRaparze, sadac es TvalsaCinoa. mTeli misi xerxemali solidarobazea agebuli _ maTi qmedebis mizani mTavari gmiria. foklori icnobs teqstebs, sadac Zleulia gaucxoeba, aRdgenilia erTianoba, roca gamoCndeba saerTo mizani. erT-erTi aseTia `sabralo dedabrisasa~ [qxp VIII:#713], sadac TiTqmis yvela gvaris Sinaur-gareuli cxoveli, romelic ki am leqsis Semqmneli sazogadoebisTvis aris cnobili, garTianebulia kacTagan (soflisgan, am sityvis orive mniSvnelobiT) gariyul-mitovebuli dedabris Sesawevad. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom am cxovelebSi (aha, maTi sruli sia: Tagvebi, lomebi, vefxvebi, taxebi, meliebi, weroebi, batebi, irmebi, daTvebi, mglebi, SaSvebi, gnolebi, kaWkaWebi, mtredebi, gvritebi, variebi, ixvebi, torolebi, xoxbebi, bulbulebi da, bolos, `sawyali beri qedani~) adamianebi igulisxmebian? aramc da aramc! mTeli paradoqsi, iumori, SesaZloa, komizmic swored imaSia, rom Semweni swored cxovelebi arian da ara adamianebi, romelTac humanisturi valdebuleba isedac unda hqonodaT am martoxela, umweo dedabris mimarT. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom am mozrdili leqsis, TiTqos eposis, sazrisSi mxileba ar Zevs, misi paTosi ar aris mamxilebeli. is, rac miuRwevelia cxovelTa eposSi, aq miRweulia. aq Txa da mgeli erTad araTu sZoven, erTad Sromoben sxvisTvis, erTi miznis qveS arian gaerTianebulni. yvela Tavisi SesaZleblobiT Seeweva dedabers. cxovelTa samyaro emsaxureba martod darCenils. dedaberi adamis rolSia, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis batoni. adamma am dedabris saxiT Tavisi Zveli dideba aRidgina, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis patronma. cxovelTa samyaro adamianis samsaxurSia Cayenebuli da poema, romelic mTlianad mamiTadis Temazea agebuli, lxiniT anu Tavisi bunebrivi dasasruliT mTavrdeba: 61

eqvemdebareba vl. propiseul morfologiur (funqcionalur) analizs. Tu<br />

zRapris gmiris gamosvla asparezze ganpirobebulia gamstumreblis<br />

funqciiT, misi droebiTi warmateba-warumatebloba zRapris imanenturi<br />

kanonebis ZaliT damokidebulia mavneze, antagonistze, Semweze,<br />

mCuqebelze, sruliad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa cxovelTa eposSi. mTavari<br />

gmiri, Tuki igavSi arsebobs aseTi, mxolod da mxolod Tavis Tavs<br />

“eyudnis”, patronad, Semwed da mCuqeblad Tavisi Tavi hyavs. ar viciT,<br />

saidan Cndeba is asparezze. ram gamoiyvana mela Tavisi sorodan, CvenTvis<br />

ucnobia. ar hyavs mas gamstumrebeli. is da misi mowinaaRmdege ukve gareT<br />

arian, gzaze. ambavic gzaSi iwyeba SexvedriT. xvdebian, rogorc wesi,<br />

sxvadasxva (mxolod sxvadasxva!) gvaris cxovelebi. Sexvedras, rogorc<br />

saSualebas, mxolod ori mizani SeiZleba hqondes: daZmobileba da Sebma<br />

(Sejibri). daZmobileba gulisxmobs sakvebis erToblivad mopoebas, erTad<br />

Wamas, saerTo trapezs. mizani TiTqos materialuria, ukiduresad yofiTi,<br />

biologiuri, magram erTad Wama-sma Tanacxovrebis, simbiozis<br />

SesaZleblobis udidesi gamocdaa, ris Semdegac unda daiwyos sxva,<br />

maRali rangis urTierTobebi. aq ar wavalT Sors imis saCveneblad, Tu<br />

raoden didi xvedriTi wona aqvs xalxebis yofa-cxovrebaSi saerTo<br />

sufras, sadac adamianebi erTianobas eziarebian. adamianebi erTi modgmaa,<br />

erT gvars warmoadgenen uricxv qmnilebaTa Soris, amitomac maT surT<br />

erTianoba, miiswrafian erTmaneTisken, cdiloben daZlion babilonis<br />

godolis Semdgomi ucxooba, moZebnon ucxoSi “sxvai Cemi” (gr. robaqiZe).<br />

cxovelTa eposSic aris survili, TiTqos Sinagani, Tandayolili<br />

ltolva erTad cxovrebisa, rasac aq sruliad kanonzomierad saerTo<br />

trapezi gamoxatavs. magram es ar xerxdeba maTi erTmaneTTan<br />

SeuTavseblobis gamo. gavixsenoT melasa da weros epizodi, romelic<br />

mainc mSvidobianad mTavrdeba, Tumca erTmaneTis maspinZlobiT<br />

gawbilebulni erTmaneTs Sordebian, raTa kvlav aRar Sexvdnen erTmaneTs.<br />

magram ase mSvidobianad ar Sordebian erTmaneTs daZmobilebuli mela da<br />

mgeli. “Zmobil” mgels, romelsac Tavisi wili erbo SeuWama meliam,<br />

moRoreba ar akmara, tyavi gaaZro am sityvis pirdapiri sastiki<br />

mniSvnelobiT. es sisastike, rasac mela umiznod, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

uangarod sCadis, xsenebuli SeuTavseblobis kategoriuli<br />

gamoxatulebaa. ras niSnavs es siRrmiseulad? niSnavs imas, rom cxovelTa<br />

samyaro erTiani ar aris _ yvela Seqmnilia “Tavisi gvaris mixedviT”, am<br />

gvarTa Soris kavSiri ar arsebobs, gadebuli xidi umal tydeba, rogorc<br />

ki fundamenturi moTxovnileba _ am SemTxvevaSi Wama _ wamoiwevs win?<br />

cnobilia, rom kvebis sistema xalxTa Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani,<br />

SesaZloa, gadamwyveti ganmasxvavebeli niSania. Tu es asea adamianTa<br />

sazogadoebaSi, miT ufro es iTqmis cxovelebis mimarT, romelTa<br />

erTaderTi saqmianoba biologiur moTxovnilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />

sxvadasxva gvaris cxovelTa simbiozi kraxisTvis aris ganwiruli.<br />

maTi yoveli erToblivi saqmianoba aseve sruli kraxiT mTavrdeba:<br />

mamali, mela, ZaRli ver aSeneben sofels. es cxovelTa eposis Tema<br />

advilad xdeba moralizebis saSualeba, rogorc, magaliTisTvis,<br />

60

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