qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
arsad sxva TxrobiT teqstSi ise mZafrad ar igrZnoba drois ganmavloba, rogorc zRaparSi. zRapris gmiri Tavisi Tavis realizacias droSi axdens, mas dro sWirdeba, rogorc aravis. rogorc ityvian, dro mis sasargeblod muSaobs, is endoba dros. zRaparSi droc personaJia, romelic badebs zrunvas da am zrunviT ivseba mTavari gmiri. “yofierebis drod qceva ganpirobebulia zrunviT” (m. haidegeri). da, rogorc ki amoiwureba sazrunavi, droc amowurulia. es aris drois dasasruli, romelic zRaparma gvamcno. amazea naTqvami: `dro aRar iqneba~ (gamocxadeba, 10:6). droisa da sivrcis erTianobas zRapris samyaroSi mxars ubams misi mTavari gmiri: rogorc dro da sivrcea ganusazRvreli da usaxelo, aseve mTavari gmiria usaxelo. zRaparma ar icis misi sakuTari saxeli. is an ufliswulia, an glexis biWia, magram mas saxeli ara aqvs. raki zRapris qveyana arc saqarTveloa, arc ruseTi da arc sxva romelime qveyana, zRapris gmiric ar ekuTvnis romelime eTnoss, mas ara aqvs erovneba. mas ar ekiTxebian, ra rjulis xar, romeli tomisa xar? (aq unda SeiniSnos erTi paradoqsi: miuxedavad eTnikuri ganusazRvrelobisa, zRapris gmiri, rogorc saerTod Tavad zRapari, sisxlxorceulad aris dakavSirebuli im xalxis yofasTan da mentalobasTan, sadac da vis enazec moiTxroba igi. rusul Tu sxva xalxis zRaprebSi mTavari gmiri, marTalia, atarebs saxels, magram es saxeli misi ara sakuTari, aramed zogadi, gvarobiTi saxelia. rusuli zRapris yvela gmiri principulad ivanuSkaa). mainc vin aris zRapris gmiri? zemoT SevecadeT, gagverkvia misi buneba, xasiaTi, zneobrivi saxe. axla vnaxoT, ras gamoxatavs igi principulad, ra saboloo funqcia akisria mas zRaparSi? Tu miviRebT vl. propis debulebas, rom yvela zRapari Tavisi wyobiT erTi tipisaa, isic unda miviRoT, rom yvela zRapris mTavari gmiri erTia. kacobriobac erTia da zRapris gmiri am kacobriobis warmomadgenelia, ufro sworad, Tavisi pirovnebiT gamoxatavs mas. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mTavari gmiri Tavis gzaze savsebiT axdens Tavisi unarebisa da Tvisebebis manifestacias, rom is aRwevs Tavisi cxovrebis mizans, risTvisac is saxlidan gavida, rom es gza savsea gansacdelebiT da, metaforulad rom vTqvaT, igi cxovrebis gzaa, radgan Tavad cxovrebac gzaa, da rom es gza erTaderTia misTvis da sxva arc arsebobs, _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas arc sxva sicocxle aqvs, garda imisa, rac am zRaparSi ganvlo da ganicada. SindabrunebiT man daasrula Tavisi cxovrebis gza, ris bolosac mas eloda sinTezisi, romelmac is axal JamSi da axal miwaze gadaiyvana. es qorwilis droJamia, romelic maradiulad grZeldeba. am qorwils mxolod saxelwodeba akavSirebs amwuTisoflur yofiT qorwilTan, romlis Sedegad Taobebi ibadebian. yofiTi qorwilebiT, SeuRlebebiT, amwuTisofluri ojaxebis SeqmniT SeiZleba mTavrdebodes romanebi, romelTa klasikuri nimuSia “omi da mSvidoba”, magram ara zRapari. zRapris dasasruli ar gulisxmobs amgvar qorwils da, niSandoblivia, rom arc erT keTilmosurne mTxrobels, am wuTisoflis Svils, ar gasCenia survili daesrulebina zRapris qorwili da mis Sedegad dabadebulTa ambis Txroba samomavlod gadaedo. ara, is ambobs, rom qorwili dResac grZeldeba, swored ise, rogorc 54
qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe, uxvalio da dauRamebeli dRe (wm. basili didi). amitomac, roca vlaparakobT zRapris dasasrulze, es dasasruli mxolod siuJeturi drois dasasruli ar aris, es absoluturi dasasrulia, romlis saukeTeso simbolo qorwilia. Tu yovelive zemoTqmuls gaviazrebT, e.w. jadosnuri zRapari, romelsac namdvilad ekuTvnis saxelwodebad esqatologiuri eposi, amgvarad SeiZleba ganimartos: zRapari aris myari struqturis, gamonagonze dafuZnebuli xalxuri zepiri moTxroba, romelic agebulia erT mTavar RerZze _ erTi mTavari gmiris dabrkolebebiT da gansacdelebiT savse Tavgadasavalze ganusazRvrel drosa da sivrceSi, rodesac da sadac xdeba misi unarebisa da Tvisebebis TandaTanobiTi manifestacia, TviTSecnoba da gamocda, da orientirebulia absoluturi da saboloo bednieri dasasrulisken. dabolos, rac Seexeba jadosnur-fantastikur moments zRaparSi, amaze SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi: miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven mier ganxiluli tipis zRaprebSi ver davasaxelebT verc erT zRapars, romelSic ar monawileobdes fantastika, es ukanaskneli mainc ar aris is arsebiTi, romelic SeiZleboda misi Janruli bunebisa Tu sazrisis ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli yofiliyo. mivdivarT im daskvnamde, rom zRapris fantastikuri foni mTavari gmiris cnobierebaSi samyaros pirvelxilvisgan gamowveuli gancvifrebis gamoxatulebaa. is gaocebis anabeWdia. es aris samyaro mis pirvelxilvaSi. zRapris jadosnur-fantastikuri garemo imis niSania, rom zRapris gmiri mudam inarCunebs bavSvobas, is bolomde, qorwilamde bavSvad rCeba. sxvanairad, qorwilSi, rogorc sasufevelSi, ver Seva. es aris bavSvobis sibrZne. am uSualo sibrZnis wyalobiT aris zRapari damajerebeli, sarwmuno. rogorc ki TxrobaSi saocrebani, fantastikuri Tavgadasavlebi moWarbdeba da TviTmiznad iqceva, zRapari, rogorc Janri, wyvets arsebobas, is umal cruzRapris saxes iRebs, romlisac aRaravis sjera. zRapris fantastika mainc realuri cxovrebis logikas aris daqvemdebarebuli. zRapris gmiri, rac unda fantastikis samyarosi moZraobdes, unda gvaxsovdes, rom es samyaro mainc Cveni samyaroa da zRapris gmiric Cveniania, erT-erTi CvenTagania. b. cxovelTa zRapari cxovelTa Sesaxeb am patara moTxrobebs SeiZleba eposi vuwodoT, Tumca isini, erTi SexedviT, igav-arakTa monaTesave Janria. igavi Tu araki, an Tundac, igav-araki, narTauli Txrobaa: igi mogviTxrobs cxovelebze da maT urTierTobaze, msmenelma ki maTSi adamianebi da adamianTa urTierTobani unda igulisxmon. igavis mgeli, melia an daTvi ar aris mgeli, melia Tu daTvi, aramed ama da am xasiaTis, niris, unaris, Tvisebebis, qcevis adamiani. anu, sxvagvarad, es cxovelebi, romlebic gadadian igavidan igavSi, adamianebs ganasaxiereben. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 55
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
- Page 83 and 84: VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis ko
- Page 85 and 86: TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da
- Page 87 and 88: sinaTleze unda gaiyvanos - mzeTunax
- Page 89 and 90: avSvobaze, mis idumalebriv warmoSob
- Page 91 and 92: ganuyrelad da Semweoba gauwies yama
- Page 93 and 94: XIV. mijaWva. amiranis sasjelis adg
- Page 95 and 96: XVI. gaTavisuflebis mcdelobani. Tan
- Page 97 and 98: mTadqceul gveleSapSi - amoikiTxa, r
- Page 99 and 100: saidumlos argamxelas (rom zevss mis
- Page 101 and 102: gaapo klde, romlis wiaRSi `samudamo
- Page 103 and 104: Ciqovani 1959: Ciqovani m., qarTuli
qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe, uxvalio da dauRamebeli dRe (wm.<br />
basili didi).<br />
amitomac, roca vlaparakobT zRapris dasasrulze, es dasasruli<br />
mxolod siuJeturi drois dasasruli ar aris, es absoluturi<br />
dasasrulia, romlis saukeTeso simbolo qorwilia.<br />
Tu yovelive zemoTqmuls gaviazrebT, e.w. jadosnuri zRapari,<br />
romelsac namdvilad ekuTvnis saxelwodebad esqatologiuri eposi,<br />
amgvarad SeiZleba ganimartos:<br />
zRapari aris myari struqturis, gamonagonze dafuZnebuli xalxuri<br />
zepiri moTxroba, romelic agebulia erT mTavar RerZze _ erTi mTavari<br />
gmiris dabrkolebebiT da gansacdelebiT savse Tavgadasavalze<br />
ganusazRvrel drosa da sivrceSi, rodesac da sadac xdeba misi<br />
unarebisa da Tvisebebis TandaTanobiTi manifestacia, TviTSecnoba da<br />
gamocda, da orientirebulia absoluturi da saboloo bednieri<br />
dasasrulisken.<br />
dabolos, rac Seexeba jadosnur-fantastikur moments zRaparSi,<br />
amaze SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi: miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven mier ganxiluli<br />
tipis zRaprebSi ver davasaxelebT verc erT zRapars, romelSic ar<br />
monawileobdes fantastika, es ukanaskneli mainc ar aris is arsebiTi,<br />
romelic SeiZleboda misi Janruli bunebisa Tu sazrisis ZiriTadi<br />
ganmsazRvreli yofiliyo.<br />
mivdivarT im daskvnamde, rom zRapris fantastikuri foni mTavari<br />
gmiris cnobierebaSi samyaros pirvelxilvisgan gamowveuli gancvifrebis<br />
gamoxatulebaa. is gaocebis anabeWdia. es aris samyaro mis<br />
pirvelxilvaSi. zRapris jadosnur-fantastikuri garemo imis niSania, rom<br />
zRapris gmiri mudam inarCunebs bavSvobas, is bolomde, qorwilamde<br />
bavSvad rCeba. sxvanairad, qorwilSi, rogorc sasufevelSi, ver Seva. es<br />
aris bavSvobis sibrZne. am uSualo sibrZnis wyalobiT aris zRapari<br />
damajerebeli, sarwmuno. rogorc ki TxrobaSi saocrebani, fantastikuri<br />
Tavgadasavlebi moWarbdeba da TviTmiznad iqceva, zRapari, rogorc<br />
Janri, wyvets arsebobas, is umal cruzRapris saxes iRebs, romlisac<br />
aRaravis sjera.<br />
zRapris fantastika mainc realuri cxovrebis logikas aris<br />
daqvemdebarebuli. zRapris gmiri, rac unda fantastikis samyarosi<br />
moZraobdes, unda gvaxsovdes, rom es samyaro mainc Cveni samyaroa da<br />
zRapris gmiric Cveniania, erT-erTi CvenTagania.<br />
b. cxovelTa zRapari<br />
cxovelTa Sesaxeb am patara moTxrobebs SeiZleba eposi vuwodoT,<br />
Tumca isini, erTi SexedviT, igav-arakTa monaTesave Janria. igavi Tu<br />
araki, an Tundac, igav-araki, narTauli Txrobaa: igi mogviTxrobs<br />
cxovelebze da maT urTierTobaze, msmenelma ki maTSi adamianebi da<br />
adamianTa urTierTobani unda igulisxmon. igavis mgeli, melia an daTvi<br />
ar aris mgeli, melia Tu daTvi, aramed ama da am xasiaTis, niris, unaris,<br />
Tvisebebis, qcevis adamiani. anu, sxvagvarad, es cxovelebi, romlebic<br />
gadadian igavidan igavSi, adamianebs ganasaxiereben. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
55
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