qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
arsebobs samijnuro (romanuli) eposi, romlis klasikuri nimuSia Suasaukuneebis kelturi warmoSobis Tqmuleba tristanisa da izoldas tragikuli siyvarulis Sesaxeb. amave Janrs unda ekuTvnodes saqorwino urTierTobaze agebuli eposebi, rogoric aris germanelTa `kudruni~. romanuli motivi erTi Zlieri nakadia da xSirad TviTkmar Rirebulebas iZens sagmiro-saistorio eposSi. ra adgili uWiravs eposs qarTul folklorSi da romeli saxeobebiT aris igi warmodgenili? mravalferovan da mdidari tradiciis mqone qarTul xalxur sityvierebaSi epikuri Semoqmedebis wvlili metad mwiria. qarTul folklorSi ver vadasturebT istoriuli xasiaTis eposs, sadac ganzogadebulad iqneboda gadmocemuli xalxis istoria, rogorc es, Cveulebriv, am Janris eposebSia. ar Cans istoriuli gmiris saxeli, romlis garSemo realuri istoriis Taviseburad gardaqmnil sagmiro ambavTa ciklizacia momxdariyos, Tumca saqarTvelos istoria arcTu Raribia heroikuli epoqebiT, brZolebiT da, Sesabamisad, istoriuli gmirebiT. Cven ver vifiqrebT, rom xalxis epikuri cnobiereba gulgrili darCeniliyos im epoqaluri sasikeTo Tu sabediswero Zvrebis mimarT, romlebic araerTgzis ganucdia qveyanas; ver vifiqrebT, rom zepirsityvier matianes ar aesaxos espaneTis rekonkistis (arabebisgan qveynis gamoxsnis) analogiuri uaRresad daZabuli xana, aSot kurapalatisa da mis TanamdgomTa gmiruli epopea, rac qarTuli miwebis kvlav SemokrebiT dasrulda, magram espanuri `Cemi sidis~ msgavsi xalxuri poema, sadac ukvdavyofili iqneboda TaobaTa xsovnaSi `Cemi aSoti~, ar dasturdeba; an masze adreuli xana gorgaslisa, romlis miTosuri xati werilobiT matianeSi aris moxvedrili, xalxuri eposis saxiT ki ar Cans; an, Tundac, ufro adreuli epoqa farnavazisa, romlis arqetipuli drois, rogorc `Zlieri Jamis~, mefobis da sxva sulier RirebulebaTa, mraval siaxleTa dasabamieri Jamis kvali werilobiTma istoriam Semoinaxa, xalxis xsovnas ki ver SemorCa. ra mizeziT? mizezi martivia: vrcelia `koleqtiuri~ mexsiereba, magram is usazRvro da dauSreteli ar aris. mas ar SeuZlia TanadroulobaSi moicvas mTeli zepirsityvieri fondi misi `dasabamidan~, erTdroulad Seinaxos sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaTa zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebis nayofebi. Taobebis monacvleobasTan erTad icvleba, periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirsityvieri teqstebi; Zveli gadadis, mis nacvlad axali mkvidrdeba. `xalxs is moswons, rac axalia~, amboben `odiseaSi~ Zveli miTebis momRerlis demodokes msmenelni. da is Zveli, romelic ukan ixevs, gadis xalxis mexsierebis sawieridan, Tu aso-niSnebiT ar iqna Cawerili, samudamo daviwyebisTvis aris ganwiruli. arc erTi zemoxsenebuli xalxuri eposis xsenebac ki ar iqneboda, rom maT Caweraze ar ezrunaT. Seqmnidan orasi wlis Semdeg Cawerili iqna `simRera Cems sidze~ (Semonaxulia erTaderTi 1307 wlis xelnaweriT); CaweriT gadaurCa 44
drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala~, irlandiuri Tu islandiuri sagebi, epikuri ciklebi digenis akritasze; damwerlobam gadaarCina rusuli bilinebi, romlebic maTi pirvelCaweridan asi wlis Semdeg xalxis xsovnaSi ukve waSlili iyo. dasanania, rom saqarTveloSi, uZvelesi damwerlobis qveyanaSi, XIX saukunis meore naxevramde ar ucdiaT xalxuri eposebis Cawera. Cvens werilobiT ZeglebSi maTi arsebobis mxolod fragmentuli kvali SeiZleba davadasturoT. im xanamde, roca maTi Caweris interesi gaCnda, qarTuli xalxuri eposi arasrulyofili, fragmentuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, `dalewili~ saxiT iyo moRweuli. ra saxe hqonda mas klasikur, epikuri Semoqmedebis apogeaSi, CvenTvis samudamod ucnobi rCeba. eposis rkalSi Cven vaqcevT zRapars, rogorc narativis unikalur saxeobas. igi warmodgenilia erTaderTi tipiT, romelsac pirobiTad `jadosnur zRapars~ vuwodebT. misi gavrcelebis areali ar aris SemozRuduli romelime xalxis folkloriT: arsebobs qarTuli zRaprebi, arsebobs rusuli zRaprebi da a. S., magram zRapari erTia yvelgan, yvela kulturaSi, sadac ki gvxvdeba. winaswari zogadi ganmartebiT, zRapari aris im tipis eposi, romelic gadmoscems erTi mTavari gmiris cxovrebas misi Sinidan gasvlidan Sin dabrunebamde. daviwyoT zRapriT. Cven mas esqatologiur eposs vuwodebT. ratom? am kiTxvas narkvevis bolos gaecema pasuxi. a. esqatologiuri zRapari zRapari lamis folkloruli Semoqmedebis simboloa. folklori da zRapari TiTqmis gaigivebulia erTmaneTTan. Tu ramea universaluri msoflio xalxur SemoqmedebaSi _ es zRaparia. roca laparakia xalxis xasiaTze, xalxis sulze, Taviseburebebze, xalxur zRaprebs moixmoben xolme, Tumca zRapris ZiriTadi dvrita universaluria, zogadsakacobrioa. iyo xana folkloristikaSi, roca didi TavgamodebiT eZebdnen zRapris arqetips (winasaxes) da mis samSoblos, Tumca kvleva uSedegod damTavrda, mizani kvlevisa miRweuli ver iqna, mainc didi codna dagrovda msoflio zRaprebis Sesaxeb. aRmoCnda, rom mTavari saZiebeli zRaparSi aris ara misi warmoSobis adgilsamyofeli da arc imdenad misi warmoSobis problema, romelic mudam hipoTeturi iqneba, ramdenadac misi agebuleba, struqtura, mizandasaxuloba, rac saerToa dResdReobiT arsebuli yvela zRaprisTvis. Cveulebriv, zRapars, rogorc Janrs, sam tipad yofen: jadosnur, cxovelTa da sayofacxovrebo zRaprad. umjobesia, zRapari folkoruli narativis erT-erT saxeobad CavTvaloT, xolo zemoT CamoTvlili nawilebi _ Janrebad. Tumca arc es iqneba maincdamainc realobis amsaxveli: es sami narativi imdenad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan 45
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
- Page 83 and 84: VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis ko
- Page 85 and 86: TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da
- Page 87 and 88: sinaTleze unda gaiyvanos - mzeTunax
- Page 89 and 90: avSvobaze, mis idumalebriv warmoSob
- Page 91 and 92: ganuyrelad da Semweoba gauwies yama
- Page 93 and 94: XIV. mijaWva. amiranis sasjelis adg
drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala~, irlandiuri Tu islandiuri<br />
sagebi, epikuri ciklebi digenis akritasze; damwerlobam gadaarCina<br />
rusuli bilinebi, romlebic maTi pirvelCaweridan asi wlis Semdeg<br />
xalxis xsovnaSi ukve waSlili iyo.<br />
dasanania, rom saqarTveloSi, uZvelesi damwerlobis qveyanaSi, XIX<br />
saukunis meore naxevramde ar ucdiaT xalxuri eposebis Cawera. Cvens<br />
werilobiT ZeglebSi maTi arsebobis mxolod fragmentuli kvali<br />
SeiZleba davadasturoT. im xanamde, roca maTi Caweris interesi gaCnda,<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri eposi arasrulyofili, fragmentuli, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
`dalewili~ saxiT iyo moRweuli. ra saxe hqonda mas klasikur, epikuri<br />
Semoqmedebis apogeaSi, CvenTvis samudamod ucnobi rCeba.<br />
eposis rkalSi Cven vaqcevT zRapars, rogorc narativis unikalur<br />
saxeobas. igi warmodgenilia erTaderTi tipiT, romelsac pirobiTad<br />
`jadosnur zRapars~ vuwodebT. misi gavrcelebis areali ar aris<br />
SemozRuduli romelime xalxis <strong>folklori</strong>T: arsebobs <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
zRaprebi, arsebobs rusuli zRaprebi da a. S., magram zRapari erTia<br />
yvelgan, yvela kulturaSi, sadac ki gvxvdeba.<br />
winaswari zogadi ganmartebiT, zRapari aris im tipis eposi,<br />
romelic gadmoscems erTi mTavari gmiris cxovrebas misi Sinidan<br />
gasvlidan Sin dabrunebamde.<br />
daviwyoT zRapriT. Cven mas esqatologiur eposs vuwodebT. ratom? am<br />
kiTxvas narkvevis bolos gaecema pasuxi.<br />
a. esqatologiuri zRapari<br />
zRapari lamis folkloruli Semoqmedebis simboloa. <strong>folklori</strong><br />
da zRapari TiTqmis gaigivebulia erTmaneTTan. Tu ramea universaluri<br />
msoflio xalxur SemoqmedebaSi _ es zRaparia. roca laparakia xalxis<br />
xasiaTze, xalxis sulze, Taviseburebebze, xalxur zRaprebs moixmoben<br />
xolme, Tumca zRapris ZiriTadi dvrita universaluria,<br />
zogadsakacobrioa. iyo xana <strong>folklori</strong>stikaSi, roca didi TavgamodebiT<br />
eZebdnen zRapris arqetips (winasaxes) da mis samSoblos, Tumca kvleva<br />
uSedegod damTavrda, mizani kvlevisa miRweuli ver iqna, mainc didi<br />
codna dagrovda msoflio zRaprebis Sesaxeb. aRmoCnda, rom mTavari<br />
saZiebeli zRaparSi aris ara misi warmoSobis adgilsamyofeli da arc<br />
imdenad misi warmoSobis problema, romelic mudam hipoTeturi iqneba,<br />
ramdenadac misi agebuleba, struqtura, mizandasaxuloba, rac saerToa<br />
dResdReobiT arsebuli yvela zRaprisTvis.<br />
Cveulebriv, zRapars, rogorc Janrs, sam tipad yofen: jadosnur,<br />
cxovelTa da sayofacxovrebo zRaprad. umjobesia, zRapari folkoruli<br />
narativis erT-erT saxeobad CavTvaloT, xolo zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
nawilebi _ Janrebad. Tumca arc es iqneba maincdamainc realobis<br />
amsaxveli: es sami narativi imdenad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan<br />
45
Change language