qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
ogorc mxolod Sesrulebis teqnikuri mxare, aramed sityvasTan Sezrdili ganuyofeli mTlianoba. es ganuyofeli damwerlobam gaxliCa, ugulebelyo ra musikaluri mxare, romlis gareSe poeturi (da zogierTi TvalsazrisiT, saerTod) metyveleba ar arsebobda. garda amisa, damwerlobam ugulebelyo zepiri sityvis, dialoguri buneba, zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebis mTeli arsi, romelic mTqmelsa da msmenels Soris uSualo urTierTobaSi mdgomareobs. cocxali sityvis smenisas msmeneli mTeli arsebiT aris aris CarTuli am procesSi. folklorul teqsts, gansxvavebiT dawerilisgan, TavisTavadi arseboba ara aqvs _ igi mis msmenelTan erTad arsebobs, msmenelTan uSualo urTierTobaSi iZens sazriss. sadac ar aris msmeneli (auditoria), iq teqstic ar aris, an mas potenciuri arseboba aqvs da yoveli warmoTqmisas TiTqos xelaxla, aravin icis, mexsierebis romeli xveulidan ibadeba. cocxali sityvis gadacemis erTaderTi instrumenti xelTuqmneli bunebrivi garemoa haeri, romelic vibrirebs sityvis Sexebisgan, da ara damwerlobis niSnebi, romlebic transmisiis mxolod da mxolod teqnikuri an, Tundac, simboluri saSualebaa. da Tavad es saSualeba _ wigni _ iZens masSi `Cadebuli~ Sinaarsisgan damoukidebel Rirebulebas da xdeba kulturi faqti. ar unda gvkvebos imis iluziam, rom wignebSi dabeWdili zepirsityvierebis (zRaprebidan dawyebuli andazebiT damTavrebuli) teqstebi ramdenadme srulyofil an namdvil (avTentur) warmodgenas gviqmnian zepirsityvier Semoqmedebaze. bevr SemTxvevaSi es aris im organuli nayofisgan darCenili CenCo, romelic adamianis noosferoSi uxilavad arsebobda da ganapoxebda mis cnobierebas. aq gvagondeba odisevsis sityvebi, romlebiTac man Tavisi awmyo mdgomareoba saukeTeso TavTavebisgan nalew bzes Seadara: ar metyoba, rogori TavTavic viyavio? wigni ar aris fokloruli Semoqmedebis bunebrivi adgili, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, wigni misi samarxia (am sityvis rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi azriT). anTologiebsa da mravaltomeulebSi dabeWdili folklorul masalas, garda zemoTaRniSnuli calmxrivobisa, kidev is nakli aqvs, rom igi mowyvetilia im yofas, romelmac is warmoSva. es did xarvezs qmnis folkloruli teqstebis adeqvatur aRqmasa da SecnobaSi, rac ar emuqreba literaturul nawarmoebs, romelic Tumca garkveuli tradiciis nayofia, magram ise organulad ar aris amozrdili tradiciidan da yofidan (an tradiciuli yofidan), rogorc folklori. rac unda did SemoqmedebiT potencias mivawerdeT xalxs, mwignobruli civilizacia Tavisi gardauvali Zlevamosili istoriuli msvlelobiT da kulturtregerTa Tu saxelmwifoebrivi politikis xelSewyobiT, cdilobs moicvas zepirsityvieri kultura, gadaiyvanos Tavis `baqanze~ aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegiT. tradiciuli yofis, sabolood, tradiciulobis, rogorc principis, rRveva, romelsac individualisturma mwignobrulma kulturam misca dasabami, Tavis mxriv, gzas uxsnis da amkvidrebs fsevdoxalxur Semoqmedebas. ar SeiZleba ar vaRiaroT xalxuri SemoqmedebiTi energiis TandaTanobiTi daSretis procesi, rac adreve aisaxa zepirsityvieri Janruli mravalferovnebis gaRaribebaSi. Zveli Janrebis asparezi ikargeba, axali aRar iqmneba. 4
Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod mkrTali Crdilia imisa, rac tradiciul xanaSi zepirsityvierebis saxiT arsebobda da xalxis yofacxovrebis yvela sferos (nivTiers Tu mentalurs) emsaxureboda. Tumca es Crdilic ki, msgavsad mravalnacadi odisevsis sityvebisa, erTgvarad amxels im movlenis sidiades, romelmac datova igi. fataluria, magram albaT kanonzomieric, rom misi Seswavla misi Semoqmedebis didi miqcevis Semdeg iwyeba. kvlav Sedarebas Tu movixmobT, Cawerili folklori hgavs kinematografis im SeCerebul kadrebs, romelTac arc dinamika da arc xma, arc feri, ar SemorCeniaT. miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, xalxuri sityvierebis Semswavleli disciplina folkloristika erT-erTi warmatebuli dargia filologiis mecnierebis sferoSi. mis gankargulebaSia Janroblivad mdidari da mravalferovani masala, romelic namdvilad amouwuravia rogorc moculobiT, ise problematikiT da xedvis mravalmxrivobiT, misi momijnave disciplinebi (eTnologia-eTnografia, kulturuli anTropologia, religiaTmcodneoba, religiis istoria...) axal-axal perspeqtivebs gadaSlis mis winaSe da axal-axal amocanebs usaxavs mas. amitomac erTi monografiis farglebi ver moicavs zepirsityvier memkvidreobas mTeli misi sisruliT da mravalferovnebiT, da arc winamdebare wigns eqneba aseTi mizani. mkiTxveli gaecnoba mxolod ZiriTads, mxolod im arsebiTs, romelic, avtoris azriT, qarTuli folkloris individualobas warmoaCens. Sesavali im SemoqmedebiTi sferos saxelwodeba, romelic folkloris saxeliT aris cnobili, anglosaqsuri kompozitiT gamoixateba: folk-lore. raki, sazogadod, kompoziti, sul mcire, ori wevrisagan mainc Sedgeba, romlebic erTmaneTTan garkveuli kavSiriT arian Sekruli da, SesaZloa, SeduRabebulnic, misi Sinaarsic met-naklebad rTulia. kerZod, Cvens SemTxvevaSic, is masala, romelsac disciplina, saxelwodebiT, folkloristika Seiswavlis, ar aris martivi: igi ori wevris, saxeldobr, xalxisa da sibrZnis, urTierTSerwymaa. amitomac arsebiTia folkloristikis, rogorc damoukidebeli samecniero disciplinis, moculobisa da sazRvrebis dadgena, romlebic SeiZleba Seicvalos imisda mixedviT, Tu ras vigulisxmebT kompozitis folk+lore, rogorc mTlianis, cnebaSi. unda ganimartos am sayovelTao terminis Sinaarsi. ramdenadac Tavad termini Sedgeba ori sityvisagan _ "xalxi" da "sibrZne", terminiT aRniSnuli sagani Tavis interesebis sferoSi unda aqcevdes or realobas: is unda swavlobdes, erTi mxriv, xalxis, rogorc garkveuli erTobis, cnobierebas da SemoqmedebiT Taviseburebas, meore mxriv, im produqts, romelic Seqmnilia an gardaqmnilia am cnobierebaSi. folkloristma unda Seiswavlos xalxis cnobierebis struqtura, 5
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
ogorc mxolod Sesrulebis teqnikuri mxare, aramed sityvasTan<br />
Sezrdili ganuyofeli mTlianoba. es ganuyofeli damwerlobam gaxliCa,<br />
ugulebelyo ra musikaluri mxare, romlis gareSe poeturi (da zogierTi<br />
TvalsazrisiT, saerTod) metyveleba ar arsebobda.<br />
garda amisa, damwerlobam ugulebelyo zepiri sityvis, dialoguri<br />
buneba, zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebis mTeli arsi, romelic mTqmelsa da<br />
msmenels Soris uSualo urTierTobaSi mdgomareobs. cocxali sityvis<br />
smenisas msmeneli mTeli arsebiT aris aris CarTuli am procesSi.<br />
folklorul teqsts, gansxvavebiT dawerilisgan, TavisTavadi arseboba<br />
ara aqvs _ igi mis msmenelTan erTad arsebobs, msmenelTan uSualo<br />
urTierTobaSi iZens sazriss. sadac ar aris msmeneli (auditoria), iq<br />
teqstic ar aris, an mas potenciuri arseboba aqvs da yoveli<br />
warmoTqmisas TiTqos xelaxla, aravin icis, mexsierebis romeli<br />
xveulidan ibadeba. cocxali sityvis gadacemis erTaderTi instrumenti<br />
xelTuqmneli bunebrivi garemoa haeri, romelic vibrirebs sityvis<br />
Sexebisgan, da ara damwerlobis niSnebi, romlebic transmisiis mxolod<br />
da mxolod teqnikuri an, Tundac, simboluri saSualebaa. da Tavad es<br />
saSualeba _ wigni _ iZens masSi `Cadebuli~ Sinaarsisgan damoukidebel<br />
Rirebulebas da xdeba kulturi faqti.<br />
ar unda gvkvebos imis iluziam, rom wignebSi dabeWdili<br />
zepirsityvierebis (zRaprebidan dawyebuli andazebiT damTavrebuli)<br />
teqstebi ramdenadme srulyofil an namdvil (avTentur) warmodgenas<br />
gviqmnian zepirsityvier Semoqmedebaze. bevr SemTxvevaSi es aris im<br />
organuli nayofisgan darCenili CenCo, romelic adamianis noosferoSi<br />
uxilavad arsebobda da ganapoxebda mis cnobierebas. aq gvagondeba<br />
odisevsis sityvebi, romlebiTac man Tavisi awmyo mdgomareoba saukeTeso<br />
TavTavebisgan nalew bzes Seadara: ar metyoba, rogori TavTavic viyavio?<br />
wigni ar aris fokloruli Semoqmedebis bunebrivi adgili, ukeTes<br />
SemTxvevaSi, wigni misi samarxia (am sityvis rogorc dadebiTi, ise<br />
uaryofiTi azriT). anTologiebsa da mravaltomeulebSi dabeWdili<br />
folklorul masalas, garda zemoTaRniSnuli calmxrivobisa, kidev is<br />
nakli aqvs, rom igi mowyvetilia im yofas, romelmac is warmoSva. es did<br />
xarvezs qmnis folkloruli teqstebis adeqvatur aRqmasa da SecnobaSi,<br />
rac ar emuqreba literaturul nawarmoebs, romelic Tumca garkveuli<br />
tradiciis nayofia, magram ise organulad ar aris amozrdili<br />
tradiciidan da yofidan (an tradiciuli yofidan), rogorc <strong>folklori</strong>.<br />
rac unda did SemoqmedebiT potencias mivawerdeT xalxs, mwignobruli<br />
civilizacia Tavisi gardauvali Zlevamosili istoriuli msvlelobiT<br />
da kulturtregerTa Tu saxelmwifoebrivi politikis xelSewyobiT,<br />
cdilobs moicvas zepirsityvieri kultura, gadaiyvanos Tavis `baqanze~<br />
aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegiT. tradiciuli yofis, sabolood,<br />
tradiciulobis, rogorc principis, rRveva, romelsac<br />
individualisturma mwignobrulma kulturam misca dasabami, Tavis mxriv,<br />
gzas uxsnis da amkvidrebs fsevdoxalxur Semoqmedebas. ar SeiZleba ar<br />
vaRiaroT xalxuri SemoqmedebiTi energiis TandaTanobiTi daSretis<br />
procesi, rac adreve aisaxa zepirsityvieri Janruli mravalferovnebis<br />
gaRaribebaSi. Zveli Janrebis asparezi ikargeba, axali aRar iqmneba.<br />
4
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