qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
mzis sxivi aRar iWerda, locvisas haerSi veRar Cerdeboda. bavSvi rom daibada, Tamarma msaxurs ubrZana, igi usier tyeSi waeyvana da iq daetovebina. magram gangebam bavSvs iremi mouvlina, romelmac mas ZuZu awova. erT dRes Tamari Tavisi amaliT sanadirod wavida monadireebma iremi dainaxes da, is iyo unda esrolaT, rom mucelze amokruli bavSvi SeniSnes. Seatyobines es ambavi Tamars, Tamari mixvda, vin unda yofiliyo bavSvi da sasaxleSi waiyvana. ase ipoves gadagdebuli memkvidre, daarqves laSa (mzis naTeli), gazardes da, roca srulwlovani gaxda, gaamefes [sixaruliZe:43,43-b-m]. sxva tradiciiT, romelic erT fragmentul leqsad aris Semonaxuli laSa-giorgis erekle mefe cvlis: batoniSvil ereklesa, irmis ZuZu uwovnia, wyali usvams algeTisa, TrialeTze uZovnia, gadugdiaT saCaleSi, monadires upovnia [kotetiSvili 1961:107]. pirvel teqstSi Tu akrZalva totalurad cvlis qveynierebis mdgomareobas, meore teqstSi akrZalvis Sedegi erTi pirovnebis bedze gadatydeba, es pirovneba ki, rogorc mefe, qveynis bedzea pasuxismgebeli. ramdenadac Tamari samoTxiseuli yofis niSnebs atarebs, misi mdgomareoba mTels mis qveyanaze vrceldeba. cnobili saistorio teqsti (`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~) araorazrovnad axasiaTebs mas da mis samefos srulyofilebis niSnebiT. mis qveyanaSi realoba erTi safexuriT amaRldeba, ierarqiul kibeze. movusminoT teqsts: `gaaznaurdes queyanisa moqmedni (anu miwismuSakni, z.k.), da gadidebuldes aznaurni, da gaxelmwifdes didebulni mefobasa Sina amissa...~ [qarTlis cxovreba I:34]. magram xelmwife? romeli safexuria xelmwifobis Semdeg? didebulTa gaxelmwifebaze ar mTavrdeba es procesi: Tavad xelmwifemac unda gadainacvlos erTi safexuriT zemoT anu RvTiur rangSi amaRldes. da marTlac `samebasa Tana ixilvebis oTxebad Tamar, misworebuli da aRmatebuli~ (sxvagan: `samebisagan oTxad TanaaRzevebulisa...~), ambobs teqsti. anu Tamaris pirovneba RvTiur samebaSi meoTxe wevrad aris miRebuli. cxadia, am gamoTqmas dogmatis Rirebuleba ocnebaSic ver mieniWeba, magram Tamaris pirovnebis daxasiaTebisTvis samebis oTxebad gardaqmna, Tundac metaforulad, bevrismTqmelia. es ar aris erTaderTi SemTxveva. am saistorio teqsts sistemurad gasdevs mefis (mefeTa) gaRmerTeba: `RmrTisagan RmerTqmnilni daviT da Tamar~. Tavad fexmZimoba Tamarisa da mis mier Zis Soba miTologiuri eniT aris aRwerili: `miudga Tamar ganwmediliTa gonebiTa da taZrisa RmrTisa aRmsWvalulisa sanTliTa sxeulisaTa, mxurvaliTa guliTa da ganaTlebuliTa suliTa tabaxmelisa beTlemmyofelman mun Sva Ze, swori Zisa RmrTisa...~ [qarTlis cxovreba I56:]. xolo am Zeze, rogorc miTologiur gmirze, naTqvamia, rom `ixiles yrma axali, pirvel saukuneTa ganwesebuli Ze mefisa, mefed, Svilad cxebulad daviTianad...~ anu: Tamaris Zis Soba qveynis gaCenamde iyo Cafiqrebuli. eWvs ar unda iwvevdes, rom xalxuri Tqmuleba-miTosi Tamaris Sesaxeb im samefo ideologiis gamoZaxilia, romelic msWvalavs 36
saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~. `CaZiruli kulturuli dovlaTis~ Teoria aq ganxiluli qarTuli Tqmulebis saxiT saukeTeso sailustracio masalas hpovebda. suli samefo ideologiisa gardaqmnilia xalxis cnobierebaSi da miTosis saxes iRebs. ZiriTadi motivi samoTxis miTosisa _ qalwulad darCenis survili, romelsac xalxi Tamars miawers, `istoriasa da azmanSi~ Tavad Tamaris piriT aris gacxadebuli: `mowame ars Cvenda RmerTi, arodes yofila guli Cemi mowadine qmrosnobisa~. mxolod vali saxelmwifos winaSe aiZulebda mas moqceuliyo Tavisi nebis winaaRmdeg, rogorc vkiTxulobT: `yovlad uwadinelman qorwinebisaman iaja xsna qmrosnobisagan. xolo ... spaTa aiZules qmnad da, viTar iyo xvedri da rigi ulumpianobisa da Saravandedobisa maTisa, egreT iqmna qorwili saxedaudebeli da igavmiuwdomeli...~. xalxuri Tqmulebis variantebSi Cans es iZulebac. Tumca xalxis cnobierebas maragad aqvs da iyenebs kidec ubiwod Casaxvis universaluri motivis kerZo gamoxatulebas _ mzis sxivisgan mucladRebas (berZnuli miTosi danaes Sesaxeb, Tqmuleba Cingisxanze, romelic mzis Svilad acxadebda Tavs da sxva). aseve araorazrovnad Tamaris, RvTisdari xelmwifisa da TiTqmis RmerTis, sabrZanebeli samefo samoTxes aris Sedarebuli xsenebul matianeSi. giorgi rusis gandevnas qveynidan (eqsoria) avtors samoTxidan adamis gandevnas axsenebs. roca qveynis vazirebma da didebulebma mas am samoTxisdari qveynisTvis Seuferebeli zneoba Seatyves, `erTxma yves mcnobelTa amisTa, viTarmed ese misve Zvelisa mterisa ars, romelman moakvlevina Zmasa Zma da mamasa Svili da eqsoria-iqmna pirveli igi kaci samoTxiT, viTar ese aw xilulisa amis samoTxisa da ubrwyinvalesisa edemisa Seumzadebia eqsoria-qmna...~; `vinaTgan odesme igive rusi, amis samoTxisagan eqsoriaqmnili...~. xolo Tavad Tamari, damoukideblad mefur-RvTaebrivi Rirsebisa, edemis baRSi myof, gvelisgan jer kidev Seucdenel (`uzakvel~) evas aris araTu Sedarebuli, aramed miTologiuri wesisamebr, masTan gaigivebuli. istoriulad Tamaris mbrZaneblobas monRolTa batonoba mohyva, rasac, cxadia, `azmaTa~ avtori yvelaze koSmarul sizmradac ver ixilavda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, samefo ideologia, romelic Tamaris qveyanaSi miwier samoTxes Tu ara, mis niSnebs mainc xedavda, momdevno ramdenime aTwleulis Semdeg gacamtverda. amis mowme da maRiarebeli `aswlovani matianis~ JamTaaRmwerelia, romelmac piruTvneli ganaCeni gamoutana didebuli samefos naSierT _ `samebisgan oTxad aRzevebulis~ memkvidreebs. rogor gardaiqmna xalxis cnobierebaSi anu rogori saxe miiRo katastrofam `CaZiruli kulturis dovlaTSi~? rogor uyurebs xalxi TamarisSemdgom periods? xalxuri cnobiereba miyveba universalur miTosur stereotips, romlis Tanaxmad yvela miTologiur tradiciaSi samoTxe warsulis faqtia, xolo misi momdevno periodi _ samoTxis antipodi, warmavalobiT da droJamis uxanobiT aRbeWdili. rusTvelis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, es warmavali wuTisofeli, sawuTro, romelic samoTxis gareT arsebobs, `moklea, miT oxeria~. magram es realuri istoriaa, romelic am miTosis Semoqmedis xanamde grZeldeba da kidev 37
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
- Page 83 and 84: VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis ko
- Page 85 and 86: TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da
mzis sxivi aRar iWerda, locvisas haerSi veRar Cerdeboda. bavSvi rom<br />
daibada, Tamarma msaxurs ubrZana, igi usier tyeSi waeyvana da iq<br />
daetovebina. magram gangebam bavSvs iremi mouvlina, romelmac mas ZuZu<br />
awova. erT dRes Tamari Tavisi amaliT sanadirod wavida monadireebma<br />
iremi dainaxes da, is iyo unda esrolaT, rom mucelze amokruli bavSvi<br />
SeniSnes. Seatyobines es ambavi Tamars, Tamari mixvda, vin unda yofiliyo<br />
bavSvi da sasaxleSi waiyvana. ase ipoves gadagdebuli memkvidre, daarqves<br />
laSa (mzis naTeli), gazardes da, roca srulwlovani gaxda, gaamefes<br />
[sixaruliZe:43,43-b-m]. sxva tradiciiT, romelic erT fragmentul leqsad<br />
aris Semonaxuli laSa-giorgis erekle mefe cvlis:<br />
batoniSvil ereklesa, irmis ZuZu uwovnia,<br />
wyali usvams algeTisa, TrialeTze uZovnia,<br />
gadugdiaT saCaleSi, monadires upovnia<br />
[kotetiSvili 1961:107].<br />
pirvel teqstSi Tu akrZalva totalurad cvlis qveynierebis<br />
mdgomareobas, meore teqstSi akrZalvis Sedegi erTi pirovnebis bedze<br />
gadatydeba, es pirovneba ki, rogorc mefe, qveynis bedzea pasuxismgebeli.<br />
ramdenadac Tamari samoTxiseuli yofis niSnebs atarebs, misi<br />
mdgomareoba mTels mis qveyanaze vrceldeba. cnobili saistorio teqsti<br />
(`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~) araorazrovnad axasiaTebs mas da<br />
mis samefos srulyofilebis niSnebiT. mis qveyanaSi realoba erTi<br />
safexuriT amaRldeba, ierarqiul kibeze. movusminoT teqsts:<br />
`gaaznaurdes queyanisa moqmedni (anu miwismuSakni, z.k.), da gadidebuldes<br />
aznaurni, da gaxelmwifdes didebulni mefobasa Sina amissa...~ [qarTlis<br />
cxovreba I:34].<br />
magram xelmwife? romeli safexuria xelmwifobis Semdeg?<br />
didebulTa gaxelmwifebaze ar mTavrdeba es procesi: Tavad xelmwifemac<br />
unda gadainacvlos erTi safexuriT zemoT anu RvTiur rangSi amaRldes.<br />
da marTlac `samebasa Tana ixilvebis oTxebad Tamar, misworebuli da<br />
aRmatebuli~ (sxvagan: `samebisagan oTxad TanaaRzevebulisa...~), ambobs<br />
teqsti. anu Tamaris pirovneba RvTiur samebaSi meoTxe wevrad aris<br />
miRebuli. cxadia, am gamoTqmas dogmatis Rirebuleba ocnebaSic ver<br />
mieniWeba, magram Tamaris pirovnebis daxasiaTebisTvis samebis oTxebad<br />
gardaqmna, Tundac metaforulad, bevrismTqmelia. es ar aris erTaderTi<br />
SemTxveva. am saistorio teqsts sistemurad gasdevs mefis (mefeTa)<br />
gaRmerTeba: `RmrTisagan RmerTqmnilni daviT da Tamar~. Tavad fexmZimoba<br />
Tamarisa da mis mier Zis Soba miTologiuri eniT aris aRwerili:<br />
`miudga Tamar ganwmediliTa gonebiTa da taZrisa RmrTisa aRmsWvalulisa<br />
sanTliTa sxeulisaTa, mxurvaliTa guliTa da ganaTlebuliTa suliTa<br />
tabaxmelisa beTlemmyofelman mun Sva Ze, swori Zisa RmrTisa...~ [qarTlis<br />
cxovreba I56:].<br />
xolo am Zeze, rogorc miTologiur gmirze, naTqvamia, rom `ixiles<br />
yrma axali, pirvel saukuneTa ganwesebuli Ze mefisa, mefed, Svilad<br />
cxebulad daviTianad...~ anu: Tamaris Zis Soba qveynis gaCenamde iyo<br />
Cafiqrebuli.<br />
eWvs ar unda iwvevdes, rom xalxuri Tqmuleba-miTosi Tamaris<br />
Sesaxeb im samefo ideologiis gamoZaxilia, romelic msWvalavs<br />
36
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