qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris gavrcelebuli Zveli
xalxebis miTologiaSi, Sumeridan dawyebuli indoiranuli samyaroTi
damTavrebuli. yvelgan mas Taviseburi saxe aqvs da dakavSirebulia im
qveynis realiebTan (landSafti, istoriuli warsuli, toponimia, flora,
fauna...), sadac is Seiqmna. qarTul folklorSi samoTxe ukavSirdeba
Tamaris pirovnebas. im sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi, sadac Caisaxa es
miTosi, Tamaris samefo warmodgenili iyo `oqros xanad~, Tamari _ mis
erTpirovnul Semoqmedad da mzrunvel patronad. Tu istoriulad
Tamaris `oqros xana~ istoriuli procesis kulminaciaa, miTologiurad
misi dasasruli istoriuli droJamis dasawyisia.
miTosi, romelic mravali variantiT aris cnobili [sixaruliZe
1961:44, 44-b-T], mogviTxrobs: erT dros Tamar dedofals taxti ialbuzis
mTaze edga. mis samefo-samflobeloSi maradiuli zafxuli iyo, zamTari
ar icoda. aqedan mTeli qveyniereba xelisguliviT Canda. Tamaris
maradiul samefoSi arc sneuleba iyo, arc sibere, arc sikvdili, radgan
droJamis mdinareba SeCerebuli iyo. ra mizeziT? _ Tamars droJamis
momyvani frinveli hyavda sasaxlis erT oTaxSi datyvevebuli. erTxel,
roca Tamarma barad Casvla moisurva, sasaxlis mcvelad Tavis erTguli
msaxuri datova da im Tormeti oTaxis gasaRebic Caabara: yvela oTaxis
gaReba SegiZlia, garda meTormetesio. msaxurma pirvelad swored im
oTaxis kari gaaRo, romlis gaRebac akrZaluli hqonda. gaiRo Tu ara
kari, gamofrinda iqidan frinveli da caSi gauCinarda. ca ki moiRrubla,
qariSxali atyda, movida Tovli da mTeli mTa sasaxliTurT dafara.
amrigad, Tamarma veRar SeZlo mTaze asvla da darCa barad. amieridan
daiwyo dineba droJamma, weliwadis droebi erTmaneTs Seenacvla da ase
daikarga maradiuli gazafxulis samefo.
dadga axali xana _ akrZalvis darRvevis xana, romelic droJamis
anu movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobis niSniT aris aRbeWdili. erTdrouloba
sivrceSi, rasac Tamaris sameufo warmoadgenda, Secvala Tanamimdevrobam
_ drom daipyro sivrce, gabatonda masze. `maradiuli gazafxuli~,
akrZalvis ZaliT rom arsebobda, warmavalma wuTisofelma Secvala;
erTJamoba, romelic sivrceSi iyo ganfenili, droSi monacvle
monakveTebad danawevrda, rac niSnavs imas, rom dro sivrceze gabatonda.
Tamari, rogorc dakarguli samoTxis dedofali, esqatologiurmesianisturi
figura xdeba: xalxis warmodgeniT, Tamars oqros kuboakvanSi
Zinavs da, dadgeba Jami, roca gaiRviZebs da kvlav maradiul
zafxuls daamkvidrebs Tavis samefoSi, romelis amave dros
universaluri samefoa..
Tamaris samoTxis miToss aqvs Tavisi semantikuri oreuli, romelic
sxva siuJetis meSveobiT imave miTologiur ambavs mogviTxrobs.
qalwulobaSi Tamar dedofali iseTi wmida yofila, rom mis
samosels sxivi ikavebda, locvis dros maRla aiweoda da, sanam
loculobda, haerSi idga. mas surda samudamod qalwulad darCeniliyo,
rom mudam gagrZelebuliyo samoTxiseburi mdgomareoba, romelSic is
imyofeboda. magram raki memkvidre aucilebeli iyo samefosTvis, Tamari
mzisgan dafexmZimda da misi samoTxiseburi yofac dasrulda: samosels
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