qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
I. pirveli, es aris mTa, romelic rogorc cisa da miwis kavSiris erT-erTi universalia, yvela miTologiaSia aris warmodgenili. yvelgan igi, imavdroulad, Suagulis miTologemis Sinaarssac iTavsebs: cisa da miwis SemaerTebeli RerZi samyaros SuagulSi gadis. Tumca igi fSavis miyruebul kuTxeSia aRmarTuli, magram miTologiurad igi kosmiur Tas ganasaxierebs. II. meore, es aris jaWvi (Sibi), rogorc cisa da miwis damakavSirebeli saSualeba. ramdenadac sakraluria, maszea mibmuli wmida giorgi, amdenad oqrosia. amgvari oqros uxilavi Sibebi akavSirebs erTmaneTTan fSav-xevsureTis RvTisSvilebs, maTi saSualebiT isini stumroben erTmaneTs. Semonaxulia vaJa-fSavelas dedis xilva, romelic mas uxilavs axlgazrdobaSi: `me da Cem biZaSvils qals sxlovans (sofelia TianeTSi, z. k.) derefanSi gveZina. SuaRame iqneboda, dgandgari, brdgniali dadga iseTi, megona mTabari Tu iqcevao. SeSinebuli wamovje loginSi, gavixede da mTeli ca ganaTebuli iyo. ori oqrosferi jaWvi iyo wamosuli, erTi Wiauris goridan, meore sxlovanis goriTa, gadabmulebi, zed cecxlis balRebi adiodnen da Camodiodnen da iseT wminda xmaze galobdnen, ise tkbilad, RmerTo, imaze kargs ras gaigonebs kacis yurio” [yubaneiSvili: 55). III. mesame, es aris xe, fSaur leqsSi bermuxis saxiT warmodgenili. laSaris bermuxa tipiuri kosmiuri xea, romlis tipologiuri analogebi yvela miTologiur tradiciaSi gvxvdeba. yvelagan amgvar xes sxvafasxva ganzomilebebi aqvs: igi aris samyaros centri, cisa da miwis makavSirebeli, zeaRsavleli, rogorc gza qvemo sferodan zemo sferoebisken. swored aseTi gamoyeneba aqvs wmida girogis xes (`xmelgorze medga bermuxa, zed avdiodi...”). IV. meoTxe, es aris kibe, adamianis xeliT Seqmnili, ara bunebrivi sagani, romlis pirdapiri daniSnuleba erTi sibrtyidan sxva sibrtyeSi gadayvanaa. Suamdinaruli safexurebiani taZari ziquraTi kibis gansaxierebaa, romlis Svidi safexuri yofierebis gansxvavebul doneebs Seesatyviseba. vertikalurad aRmarTuli kibe da misi safexurebi TandaTanobiT, ara naxtomisebur, zeaRsvlas gamoxatavs miwieri sferodan zemo sferoebamde, transcendenturi realobisken _ kibis Ziri miwaze dgas, misi Tavi RvTis karzea mibjenili. V. Tumca msxverpli (`SemonaZRveni”), romelic am leqsSi yvelaze bolos aris moxseniebuli, miTologemebs ar ekuTvnis, magram, Tu religiis kuTxiT ganvixilavT teqsts, igi miwisa da cis komunikaciis ara mxolod saSualeba, aramed mizani aRmoCndeba. xiluli msxverpli (saklavi, qadebi, sakulto namcxvrebi da sxva), romelic mlocvelis mier aris mitanili salocavSi, uxilavad adis RmerTamde, amyarebs ra kavSirs 32
adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverplTan erTad maRla adis locvavedreba da qeba-dideba, romelTac muxis ZirSi myofni aRavlenen. magram msxverpli (saklavi), rogorc nivTieri, ise sityvier-sulieri (locva) gulisxmobs pasuxs, romelsac mlocvelni wyalobis saxiT gamoelian RvTisgan. VI. da, bolos, yvela CamoTvlili miTologemis Semkrebi da Semajamebeli da Tavis TavSi momcveli, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maTi amamoZravebeli figura wmida giorgia, romelic TiToeul maTgan iyenebs instrumentad RvTis karamde asasvlelad. magram Tavadac igi duranqis dinamiuri gamomxatveli, rogorc agenti, romelic Tavisi asvliT aRavlens adamianTagan Sewirul msxverpls da sityva locva-vedrebis saxiT, raTa gamosTxovos SemwirvelTaTvis madli uzenaess. _ samyaros Suagulis miTologema. cisa da miwis kavSiris simboloebi, ZiriTadad, samyaros Suagulis gamomxatvelia. damatebiT, berZnebTan delfos taZris TeTri qva _ omfalos, samyaros Wipi; aseve agnis cecxli anu samsxverplo cecxli, rogorc indur warmodgenebSi; da, sazogadod, yoveli kera, sadac cecxli anTia; berZnuli hestia. kera samyaros centric aris da saxlisac. Suaguli SeiZleba warmovidginoT koncentriuli wreebis saxiT: samyaro_qveyana_qalaqi_saxli_kera. yvela amaT msWvalavs erTi RerZi, romelic TiToeuli maTganis centrSi gadis. imdenad Zlieria adamianTa sacxovrebeli adgilis Tu qveynis warmodgena samyaros Suagulad, rom amgvari warmodgena bevri qveynis ideologias daedo safuZvlad. Cinelebis warmodgeniT, maTi qveyana samyaros SuagulSi mdebareobda. amitomac ewodeboda (da dResac ewodeba) CineTs jun-go (“Suaguli samefo”), romlis garSemo Semovlebulma kedelma TvalsaCino gaxada es miTologema. aseTi warmodgena hqondaT Sumerlebsac TavianT qveyanaze (“Sumeri _ didi mTa, cisa da miwis qveyana”). _ maradi gazafxulis (Tu zafxulis), sxvagvarad, samoTxis miTologema (ix. vrclad qvemoT). _ dabrunebis miTologema. yovelTvis gulisxmobs amosaval wertilSi anu centrSi dabrunebas. am miTologemazea agebuli Zveli eposebi, jadosnuri zRapari... gmiri usaTuod brundeba iq, saidanac gamovida. dabrunebis adgili misi saxlia, misi dabadebis adgili. yvela gmiri Tavis qveyanas, Tavis qalaqs, Tavis kerias, rogorc odisevsi _ iTakas ubrundeba. Sumeruli andaza: “dae, Citi Tavis budes daubrundes, tyve Tavis qalaqs (dedas) daubrundes” _ am miTologemis gamomxatvelia, rogorc Camavali mzis miTologemuri saxelwodeba: `mze, dedasTan dabrunebuli~ (uTu-ama-ar-gi). _ xelaxla Sobis miTologema. es miTologema dabrunebis miTologemis saxecvlilebaa. Tavisi arsiT isic kosmogoniuria. gmiri ubrundeba dedis saSos, raTa meored daibados. _ gveleSapis miTologema, romelic am mniSvnelobiT msoflio miTologiebSi yvelaze metad aris gavrcelebuli. gveleSapi ylapavs gmirs da isev ukan amoanTxevs. mis mucelSi moxvedrili gmiri kvdeba, 33
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
- Page 79 and 80: II. gadagdeba. amirani gadagdebuli
- Page 81 and 82: III-a. rZeSi ganbana. es epizodi mx
adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverplTan erTad maRla adis locvavedreba<br />
da qeba-dideba, romelTac muxis ZirSi myofni aRavlenen.<br />
magram msxverpli (saklavi), rogorc nivTieri, ise sityvier-sulieri<br />
(locva) gulisxmobs pasuxs, romelsac mlocvelni wyalobis saxiT<br />
gamoelian RvTisgan.<br />
VI. da, bolos, yvela CamoTvlili miTologemis Semkrebi da<br />
Semajamebeli da Tavis TavSi momcveli, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maTi<br />
amamoZravebeli figura wmida giorgia, romelic TiToeul maTgan iyenebs<br />
instrumentad RvTis karamde asasvlelad. magram Tavadac igi duranqis<br />
dinamiuri gamomxatveli, rogorc agenti, romelic Tavisi asvliT<br />
aRavlens adamianTagan Sewirul msxverpls da sityva locva-vedrebis<br />
saxiT, raTa gamosTxovos SemwirvelTaTvis madli uzenaess.<br />
_ samyaros Suagulis miTologema. cisa da miwis kavSiris<br />
simboloebi, ZiriTadad, samyaros Suagulis gamomxatvelia. damatebiT,<br />
berZnebTan delfos taZris TeTri qva _ omfalos, samyaros Wipi; aseve<br />
agnis cecxli anu samsxverplo cecxli, rogorc indur warmodgenebSi;<br />
da, sazogadod, yoveli kera, sadac cecxli anTia; berZnuli hestia. kera<br />
samyaros centric aris da saxlisac. Suaguli SeiZleba warmovidginoT<br />
koncentriuli wreebis saxiT: samyaro_qveyana_qalaqi_saxli_kera. yvela<br />
amaT msWvalavs erTi RerZi, romelic TiToeuli maTganis centrSi gadis.<br />
imdenad Zlieria adamianTa sacxovrebeli adgilis Tu qveynis warmodgena<br />
samyaros Suagulad, rom amgvari warmodgena bevri qveynis ideologias<br />
daedo safuZvlad. Cinelebis warmodgeniT, maTi qveyana samyaros<br />
SuagulSi mdebareobda. amitomac ewodeboda (da dResac ewodeba) CineTs<br />
jun-go (“Suaguli samefo”), romlis garSemo Semovlebulma kedelma<br />
TvalsaCino gaxada es miTologema. aseTi warmodgena hqondaT<br />
Sumerlebsac TavianT qveyanaze (“Sumeri _ didi mTa, cisa da miwis<br />
qveyana”).<br />
_ maradi gazafxulis (Tu zafxulis), sxvagvarad, samoTxis<br />
miTologema (ix. vrclad qvemoT).<br />
_ dabrunebis miTologema. yovelTvis gulisxmobs amosaval<br />
wertilSi anu centrSi dabrunebas. am miTologemazea agebuli Zveli<br />
eposebi, jadosnuri zRapari... gmiri usaTuod brundeba iq, saidanac<br />
gamovida. dabrunebis adgili misi saxlia, misi dabadebis adgili. yvela<br />
gmiri Tavis qveyanas, Tavis qalaqs, Tavis kerias, rogorc odisevsi _<br />
iTakas ubrundeba. Sumeruli andaza: “dae, Citi Tavis budes daubrundes,<br />
tyve Tavis qalaqs (dedas) daubrundes” _ am miTologemis gamomxatvelia,<br />
rogorc Camavali mzis miTologemuri saxelwodeba: `mze, dedasTan<br />
dabrunebuli~ (uTu-ama-ar-gi).<br />
_ xelaxla Sobis miTologema. es miTologema dabrunebis<br />
miTologemis saxecvlilebaa. Tavisi arsiT isic kosmogoniuria. gmiri<br />
ubrundeba dedis saSos, raTa meored daibados.<br />
_ gveleSapis miTologema, romelic am mniSvnelobiT msoflio<br />
miTologiebSi yvelaze metad aris gavrcelebuli. gveleSapi ylapavs<br />
gmirs da isev ukan amoanTxevs. mis mucelSi moxvedrili gmiri kvdeba,<br />
33
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