qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
TiTqos misi sinkretuli Sesrulebis wesi (sityva hangTan erTad) amas unda mowmobdes. misi Sesrulebis dro da adgilic gansazRvruli unda yofiliyo. tradiciul adamians, tradiciuli sociumis sruluflebian wevrs, idealur SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze Sexeba aqvs Cvens mier Janrebad wodebul yvela am sityvier realobasTan. igi maTi Seqmnisa da Senaxvis an aqtiuri, an pasiuri monawilea. es yvelaferi mis sulier Tu yofiT moTxovnilebaTa realizaciaa. magram mTavrdeba adamianis cxovreba, romelic misi sakuTrebaa, Tumca mis Seqmna-CamoyalibebaSi sociums Tavisi wvlili aqvs Setanili. amitom adamianis sikvdili, ra statusic ar unda hqondes mas, sazogadoebrivi movlenaa da, amdenad, sazogadoebrivad aRniSvnis Rirsia. samgloviaro poezia is sityvieri teqstia, romelic axlavs dakrZalvis rituals, rogorc misi organuli Semadgeneli nawili. aleqsandre jambakur-orbelians (erekles meoris asulis Tekla batoniSvilis vaJi, 1802-1869) pirvelad qarTul folkloristikaSi jer kidev maSin, roca CvenSi folkloristikas, rogorc mecnierebis dargs, fexic ar hqonda adgmuli, mocemuli aqvs qarTuli (sasimRero) folkloris Janruli dajgufeba. adamianis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan etapebs exmaureba ara `mSrali~ sityva, aramed sityva hangTan erTad, rasac Cven sinkretul xelovnebas vuwodebT. esenia saZeo, saqorwilo, sufruli, saferxiso, Sromis, sawesCveulebi da, bolos, samgloviaro simRerebi [Ciqovani 1956:110-113]. a. jambakur-orbeliani ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan dasavlur da aRmosavlur qarTul hangebs. erTgan igi igonebs: `erTs Sobis winaRames maxsovs am ocdaTis weliwadis winaT Cveni saxlis fanjrebis qvemoT, quCaSi, uecari simRera daiwyes, alilo: Tqma, moZaxili, bani. ase gawyobilis mSvenieris xmiT ambobdnen im alilos, yoveli CvenSi goneba im simReram moitaca, vinc im dros Sin viyaviT da gaCumebuli yurs ugdebdiT im xmoanebas metis siamovniT (sic!). imaT rom is Tqma daasrules, aq Cven SevwuxdiT, garda batoniSvilis dediCemisa, romelmac bZana: es uTuod imerlebi ariano. am sityvasTan Cemi umcrosi Zma wamoxta da saCqaroT mosamsaxures amoayvanina samniv. gamovikiTxeT, marTla imerlebi iyvnen. karga xani aRar gauSviT, bevri kargi simRerebi da RiRinebi vaTqmevineT imeruli~ [Ciqovani 1956:113]. mizanSewonilia Tu ara, sakiTxis dasma, Tu romeli Janria uZvelesi. poeturi Tu prozauli? miTologiuri, Sromis, samgloviaro Tu sawesCveulebo? iqneb saakvno? an andaza Tu Selocva? asec SeiZleba vikiTxoT: Janris SigniT romeli teqstia yvelaze Zveli? magaliTisTvis, romeli ufro Zvelia _ `fxoveli da Savaneli“ Tu `Siola da mTrexeli“? jadosnur zRaprebs, cxovelTa igavebs an andazebsa Tu gamocanebs Soris SegviZlia gamovarCioT uZvelesi? amgvarad kiTxvis dasma zepirsityvierebis mimarT, namdvilad, gaumarTlebelia, ramdenadac saqme damwerlobis gareSe arsebul teqstebTan gvaqvs. SeiZleba Tu ara arsebobdes disciplina, romelic Seiswavlis zepirsityvierebis istorias literaturis istoriis analogiurad? literaturis SemswavlelisTvis advilia an principulad SesaZlebeli literaturuli procesis Tvalis gadevneba dasabamidan mis 28
dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerlobam SeiZleba Semoinaxos pirveli werilobiTi nawarmoebi, saidanac literaturis mkvlevars SeeZleba literaturis istoriis ageba. es SeiZleba iyos poezia an proza, mTliani nawarmoebi an misi fragmenti. Cven SegviZlia Tvali gavadevnoT qarTuli mwerlobis istorias "qarTlis moqcevidan" dRemde. Cvens Tvalwin iqneba gadaSlili literaturuli procesi Tavisi wyvetilebiT, degradaciebiT, gardaqmnebiT, aRorZinebebiT. is erT qronologiur Zafze iqneba asxmuli. folkloris SemTxvevaSi am qronologiurad gawyobil Zafs Cven moklebuli varT. ramdenadac folklori _ xalxuri Semoqmedeba zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebaa, CvenTvis samudamo ucnobad rCeba is nawarmoebi, leqsi Tu prozauli igavi, saidanac misi istoriis dawyeba SegveZleboda. Cven vambobT: aTasxuTaswlovani qarTuli literatura, magram Cven ar SegviZlia analogiurad vilaparakoT aTasxuTaswlovan qarTul zepirsityvierebaze im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom Cven ar viciT da arasodes gvecodineba, ra saxe hqonda qarTul folklors aTas xuTasi wlis winaT. qarTuli damwerlobis istoriis mTels manZilze, XIX saukunemde qarTuli zepirsityvierebis mcireodeni fragmentebis garda, arasodes dafiqsirebula. Cven SegviZlia mxolod calkeul motivTa an xalxuri Txrobis stilisa Tu kompoziciuri struqturis dadastureba literaturul nawarmoebebSi. mTeli Cveni zepirsityvieri fondi XIX saukunis im viTarebas asaxavs, romelic am droisTvis arsebobda. magaliTisTvis, ar viciT, ra saxe hqonda `amiranianis“ eposs XVIII, XVII, XVI da a.S. saukuneebSi _ iseTive fragmentuli iyo igi, rogorc XIX saukunis CanawerebSi vxedavT, Tu mTliani? marTalia, Cven ar SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT ama Tu im xalxuri teqstis asaki, Cven ar SegviZlia teqstebis safuZvelze vilaparakoT mravalsaukunovan qarTul xalxur Semoqmedebaze, magram Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoT mis xangrZliv tradiciaze. rogorc mdinaris kalapotia Zveli, uxsovari, magram masSi mudmivaxali, ganaxlebuli wylis nakadi miedineba, asea folkloric: uxsovari droidan modenil tradiciaSi Tavsdeba zepirsityvierebis maradganaxlebuli fondi, sadac erTmaneTis gverdiT myofobs Zveli da axali. amasTanave, SeiZleba paradoqsi iyos, magram xdeba, rom axladSeqmnili ufro Zlieri tradiciulobiT iyos aRbeWdili, vidre qronologiurad masze adre Seqmnili. am azriT, SesaZloa, `vefxi da moyme“ ufro meti siZveliT xasiaTdebodes, vidre `amiranianis“ zogierTi Canaweri. aseT viTarebaSi, roca Tavad masalis aqronuloba (udrooba) ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom masSi uZvelesi gamovarCioT da, literaturis istoriis analogiiT, is davayenoT zepirsityvieri SemoqmedebiTi procesis saTaveSi, dawyebisTvis nebismieri arCevani gamarTlebuli unda iyos. raki dawyeba aucilebelia, Cven daviwyebT Cveni arCevaniT da im imediT, rom es Janri an nawarmoebi uZvelesad ar iqneba miCneuli. mkiTxvels SeuZlia Tavisi arCevani gaakeTos. Cven ki vecdebiT, rom Cvenma `TviTneburma“ arCevanma logikuri gagrZeleba hpovos. Cven viwyebT miTosiT, romelic qarTul folklorSi sakmao mravalferovnebiT aris warmodgenili. 29
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
- Page 75 and 76: warmoSobisaa. ar viciT, ra erqva mT
- Page 77 and 78: moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qves
TiTqos misi sinkretuli Sesrulebis wesi (sityva hangTan erTad) amas<br />
unda mowmobdes. misi Sesrulebis dro da adgilic gansazRvruli unda<br />
yofiliyo.<br />
tradiciul adamians, tradiciuli sociumis sruluflebian wevrs,<br />
idealur SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze Sexeba aqvs Cvens mier<br />
Janrebad wodebul yvela am sityvier realobasTan. igi maTi Seqmnisa da<br />
Senaxvis an aqtiuri, an pasiuri monawilea. es yvelaferi mis sulier Tu<br />
yofiT moTxovnilebaTa realizaciaa. magram mTavrdeba adamianis<br />
cxovreba, romelic misi sakuTrebaa, Tumca mis Seqmna-CamoyalibebaSi<br />
sociums Tavisi wvlili aqvs Setanili. amitom adamianis sikvdili, ra<br />
statusic ar unda hqondes mas, sazogadoebrivi movlenaa da, amdenad,<br />
sazogadoebrivad aRniSvnis Rirsia. samgloviaro poezia is sityvieri<br />
teqstia, romelic axlavs dakrZalvis rituals, rogorc misi organuli<br />
Semadgeneli nawili.<br />
aleqsandre jambakur-orbelians (erekles meoris asulis Tekla<br />
batoniSvilis vaJi, 1802-1869) pirvelad qarTul <strong>folklori</strong>stikaSi jer kidev<br />
maSin, roca CvenSi <strong>folklori</strong>stikas, rogorc mecnierebis dargs, fexic ar<br />
hqonda adgmuli, mocemuli aqvs <strong>qarTuli</strong> (sasimRero) <strong>folklori</strong>s Janruli<br />
dajgufeba. adamianis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan etapebs exmaureba ara `mSrali~<br />
sityva, aramed sityva hangTan erTad, rasac Cven sinkretul xelovnebas<br />
vuwodebT. esenia saZeo, saqorwilo, sufruli, saferxiso, Sromis, sawesCveulebi<br />
da, bolos, samgloviaro simRerebi [Ciqovani 1956:110-113]. a. jambakur-orbeliani<br />
ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan dasavlur da aRmosavlur qarTul hangebs. erTgan<br />
igi igonebs: `erTs Sobis winaRames maxsovs am ocdaTis weliwadis winaT Cveni<br />
saxlis fanjrebis qvemoT, quCaSi, uecari simRera daiwyes, alilo: Tqma,<br />
moZaxili, bani. ase gawyobilis mSvenieris xmiT ambobdnen im alilos, yoveli<br />
CvenSi goneba im simReram moitaca, vinc im dros Sin viyaviT da gaCumebuli yurs<br />
ugdebdiT im xmoanebas metis siamovniT (sic!). imaT rom is Tqma daasrules, aq<br />
Cven SevwuxdiT, garda batoniSvilis dediCemisa, romelmac bZana: es uTuod<br />
imerlebi ariano. am sityvasTan Cemi umcrosi Zma wamoxta da saCqaroT<br />
mosamsaxures amoayvanina samniv. gamovikiTxeT, marTla imerlebi iyvnen. karga<br />
xani aRar gauSviT, bevri kargi simRerebi da RiRinebi vaTqmevineT imeruli~<br />
[Ciqovani 1956:113].<br />
mizanSewonilia Tu ara, sakiTxis dasma, Tu romeli Janria uZvelesi.<br />
poeturi Tu prozauli? miTologiuri, Sromis, samgloviaro Tu<br />
sawesCveulebo? iqneb saakvno? an andaza Tu Selocva?<br />
asec SeiZleba vikiTxoT: Janris SigniT romeli teqstia yvelaze<br />
Zveli? magaliTisTvis, romeli ufro Zvelia _ `fxoveli da Savaneli“<br />
Tu `Siola da mTrexeli“? jadosnur zRaprebs, cxovelTa igavebs an<br />
andazebsa Tu gamocanebs Soris SegviZlia gamovarCioT uZvelesi?<br />
amgvarad kiTxvis dasma zepirsityvierebis mimarT, namdvilad,<br />
gaumarTlebelia, ramdenadac saqme damwerlobis gareSe arsebul<br />
teqstebTan gvaqvs. SeiZleba Tu ara arsebobdes disciplina, romelic<br />
Seiswavlis zepirsityvierebis istorias literaturis istoriis<br />
analogiurad? literaturis SemswavlelisTvis advilia an principulad<br />
SesaZlebeli literaturuli procesis Tvalis gadevneba dasabamidan mis<br />
28
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