qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
da, imavdroulad, ganvasxvavebT samwerlo Semoqmedebisgan. am sakiTxze nawilobriv zemoT ukve iyo saubari. Cven viciT, ra niSnebi mijnavs zepirsityvierebas mwerlobisgan. axla visaubroT imaze, Tu ra niSnebi mijnavs erTi Janris zepirsityvier teqsts sxva Janris teqstisgan. Janri aris folkloris (zepirsityvierebis) amosavali damoukidebeli, TviTkmari odenoba. mas aqvs Tavisi sazRvrebi, niSnebi, funqcia da daniSnuleba yofaSi, Tavisi Sinaarsobriv-Tematuri Semcveloba, Tavisi poetika, is Tan sdevs da asaxavs sinamdvilis erT romelime mxares. vl. propi ase martivad da ubralod ganmartavs Janrs: “Janris specifika is aris, Tu ra sinamdvilea masSi asaxuli da rogori saSualebiT aris asaxuli”. da kidev: misi azriT, formas ganapirobebs Sinaarsi, anu Janri aris formisa da Sinaarsis erTianoba. es imgvari ganuyofeli erTianobaa, roca Sinaarsi moiTxovs swored amgvar formas da, piruku, es forma amgvari SinaarsisTvis aris Seqmnili. Tu analogias (Sedarebas) mivmarTavT, es aris WurWlisa da SigTavsis urTierToba, roca isini erTurTs gansazRvraven. formisa da Sinaarsis erTianoba tradiciiT aris ganmtkicebuli. yoveli nawarmoebi romelime Janrs unda ekuTvnodes, romelime JanrSi unda iyos gaerTianebuli. Janris gareSe, eulad arsebuli nawarmoebi iseTive anomaliaa, rogorc variantebs moklebuli folkloruli teqsti an adamiani vinaobis gareSe, adamiani, romelic arc erT jgufs ar ekuTvnis, an cxoveli, romelic arc erT saxeobas ar ganekuTvneba. rogorc folkloruli teqsti warmodgenilia variantebis saxiT da ara eulad, ara oblad, aseve fokloruli fondi Sedgeba ara calkeuli erTeulebisgan, aramed jgufebisgan, romlebSic saerTo niSnebiT aRWurvili erTeulebia gaerTianebuli. `leqsi vefxisa da moymisa~, SesaZloa, unikaluri iyos Tavisi mxatvruli RirebulebiT, magram is, rogorc garkveuli gvarisadmi kuTvnili teqsti, ar aris unikaluri. igi Janris farglebSia warmodgenili zepirsityvierebis fondSi. ra qmnis Janrs? Janrs qmnis niSanTa da maxasiaTebelTa (rogorc formis, ise Sinaarsis mxriv) erToblioba. es aris Janris sakiTxi, romelic folklors saziaro aqvs literaturasTan. magram erTia literaturis Janris amosavali da sxvaa folkloruli Janris amosavali. ra niSniT ganirCeva literaturaSi Janri anu gvari? arsebobs ori kriteriumi: formaluri da Sinaarsoblivi. formis mixedviT nawarmoebi SeiZleba ekuTvnodes prozas an poezias, dramas an eposs, miniaturas, novelas an romans. Sinaarsis mixedviT Tu davajgufebT nawarmoebebs, isini unda gavaerTianoT sxvadasxva jgufebSi Tematikis mixedviT. nawarmoebi, vTqvaT, romani, iqneba an yofiTi, an saTavgadasavlo, an istoriuli, an filosofiuri, an deteqtiuri da a. S. eposic, poemac aseve SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebul Tematikaze agebuli, Tumca formis mxriv isini erT JanrSi iqnebian moqceulni. folklorsa da literaturas SeiZleba hqondeT saziaro Janrebi. arsebobs lirikuli leqsi literaturaSi da arsebobs lirikuli leqsi folklorSi. arsebobs erTgan satrfialo, filosofiuri lirika da arsebobs meoregan amgvari Janris leqsebi. aseve saziaroa drama, romelic 24
iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritualur Tu sawesCveulebo sanaxaobebs, rogorc Teatralur spektaklebs. magram arsebobs Janrebi, romlebic mxolod literaturaSi an mxolod zepirsityvierebaSi gvxvdeba. qarTul folklorSi ver SevxvdebiT romanis Janris nawarmoebs, Tumca sxva xalxebis folklorSi is SeiZleba dasturdebodes. magaliTad, sparsuli dastanebi sxva araferia, Tu ara zepiri sagmiro-satavgadasavlo (safalavno) romanebi paraleluri siuJetebiT, personaJTa simravliT da sxva [gvaxaria]. folklorSi ar arsebobs imgvarad organizebuli leqsi, rogoric aris, magaliTisTvis, soneti. es wmida literaturuli Janria. axla piruku. ar arsebobs literaturaSi iseTi wmidawylis folkloruli Janrebi, rogorebicaa: andaza, Selocva, samgloviaro poezia (Tavisi qveJanrebiT), sakulto poezia, miTologiuri Tqmulebebi, gamocana... rac Seexeba zRapars, romelsac vadasturebT mwerlobaSi, is folkloridan aris nasesxebi da gardaqmnilia xSirad Janruli tradiciis darRveviT. garda amisa, arsebobs fundamenturi gansxvaveba Tavad Janris gagebaSi: Janris cneba sxvaobs imisda mixedviT, Tu romel SemoqmedebasTan gvaqvs saqme _ folklorTan Tu literaturasTan. am gansxvavebis dasadgenad gavixsenoT folkloris erTi niSani, romlis Sesaxebac zemoT iyo saubari. es aris misi yofiToba. yoveli nayofi xalxuri Semoqmedebisa _ mcire leqsi iqneba is Tu vrceli eposi, romelic Tavisi Janris farglebSi arsebobs, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli adamianis cxovrebisa da saqmianobis erT romelime sferosTan. da, SeiZleba iTqvas, ramdeni mxarec aqvs adamianur yofas mis sulier-nivTier gamoxatulebaSi, zepirsityvierebis imdensave Janrs icnobs folkloruli Semoqmedeba. amitomac foklkloruli Janris cneba yofaSi misi funqciiT unda ganisazRvros. literaturul Janrebs amgvarad ver ganvsazRvravT, radgan maT aranairi Sexeba ara aqvT yofasTan. zepirsityviereba gasdevs da Tansdevs sazogadoebas da, kerZod, yoveli konkretuli adamianis cxovrebas misi dabadebidan sikvdilamde. sakmarisia, gavayoloT Tvali adamianis gzas Sobidan sikvdilamde, Tu arnold van xenepis (Arnold van Gennep) moswrebul gamoTqmas gamoviyenebT _ `akvnidan saflavamde~, rom davinaxoT sisxlxorceuli kavSiri adamianur yofasa da folklors Soris. van xenepma am or realobas Soris moaqcia e. w. gadasvlis ritualebi, Cven ki maT Soris movaqcevT yvela Janrs, romelic qmnis folkloruli Semoqmedebis ara mxolod raodenobriv, aramed Tematur simravles. a. van xeneps, roca is gadasvlis ritualebze laparakobs, mxedvelobaSi hyavs adamiani, individi, romelic Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze, akvnidan saflavamde, eqvemdebareba ritualebs, romlebic misi cxovrebis gardamtex momentebs aRniSnavs. es aris Soba, ziareba sociumTan, roca is Tavisi mSobliuri sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevri xdeba, qorwineba, romelic axal socialur safexurze ahyavs igi da, bolos, sikvdili, romelic aseve ritualSia `SefuTuli~. magram adamianis, rogorc socialuri arsebis, cxovreba gacilebiT mravalferovania, is mxolod am gardamtexi ritualebiT ar amoiwureba. 25
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
- Page 71 and 72: magram ramdenadac siuJetebis sesxeb
- Page 73 and 74: periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirs
iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritualur Tu sawesCveulebo sanaxaobebs,<br />
rogorc Teatralur spektaklebs. magram arsebobs Janrebi, romlebic<br />
mxolod literaturaSi an mxolod zepirsityvierebaSi gvxvdeba. qarTul<br />
folklorSi ver SevxvdebiT romanis Janris nawarmoebs, Tumca sxva<br />
xalxebis folklorSi is SeiZleba dasturdebodes. magaliTad, sparsuli<br />
dastanebi sxva araferia, Tu ara zepiri sagmiro-satavgadasavlo<br />
(safalavno) romanebi paraleluri siuJetebiT, personaJTa simravliT da<br />
sxva [gvaxaria]. folklorSi ar arsebobs imgvarad organizebuli leqsi,<br />
rogoric aris, magaliTisTvis, soneti. es wmida literaturuli Janria.<br />
axla piruku. ar arsebobs literaturaSi iseTi wmidawylis<br />
folkloruli Janrebi, rogorebicaa: andaza, Selocva, samgloviaro<br />
poezia (Tavisi qveJanrebiT), sakulto poezia, miTologiuri Tqmulebebi,<br />
gamocana... rac Seexeba zRapars, romelsac vadasturebT mwerlobaSi, is<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>dan aris nasesxebi da gardaqmnilia xSirad Janruli<br />
tradiciis darRveviT.<br />
garda amisa, arsebobs fundamenturi gansxvaveba Tavad Janris<br />
gagebaSi: Janris cneba sxvaobs imisda mixedviT, Tu romel<br />
SemoqmedebasTan gvaqvs saqme _ folklorTan Tu literaturasTan. am<br />
gansxvavebis dasadgenad gavixsenoT <strong>folklori</strong>s erTi niSani, romlis<br />
Sesaxebac zemoT iyo saubari. es aris misi yofiToba.<br />
yoveli nayofi xalxuri Semoqmedebisa _ mcire leqsi iqneba is Tu<br />
vrceli eposi, romelic Tavisi Janris farglebSi arsebobs, mWidrod<br />
aris dakavSirebuli adamianis cxovrebisa da saqmianobis erT romelime<br />
sferosTan. da, SeiZleba iTqvas, ramdeni mxarec aqvs adamianur yofas mis<br />
sulier-nivTier gamoxatulebaSi, zepirsityvierebis imdensave Janrs<br />
icnobs folkloruli Semoqmedeba. amitomac foklkloruli Janris cneba<br />
yofaSi misi funqciiT unda ganisazRvros. literaturul Janrebs<br />
amgvarad ver ganvsazRvravT, radgan maT aranairi Sexeba ara aqvT<br />
yofasTan.<br />
zepirsityviereba gasdevs da Tansdevs sazogadoebas da, kerZod,<br />
yoveli konkretuli adamianis cxovrebas misi dabadebidan sikvdilamde.<br />
sakmarisia, gavayoloT Tvali adamianis gzas Sobidan sikvdilamde, Tu<br />
arnold van xenepis (Arnold van Gennep) moswrebul gamoTqmas gamoviyenebT _<br />
`akvnidan saflavamde~, rom davinaxoT sisxlxorceuli kavSiri<br />
adamianur yofasa da folklors Soris. van xenepma am or realobas<br />
Soris moaqcia e. w. gadasvlis ritualebi, Cven ki maT Soris movaqcevT<br />
yvela Janrs, romelic qmnis folkloruli Semoqmedebis ara mxolod<br />
raodenobriv, aramed Tematur simravles.<br />
a. van xeneps, roca is gadasvlis ritualebze laparakobs,<br />
mxedvelobaSi hyavs adamiani, individi, romelic Tavisi cxovrebis<br />
manZilze, akvnidan saflavamde, eqvemdebareba ritualebs, romlebic misi<br />
cxovrebis gardamtex momentebs aRniSnavs. es aris Soba, ziareba<br />
sociumTan, roca is Tavisi mSobliuri sazogadoebis sruluflebiani<br />
wevri xdeba, qorwineba, romelic axal socialur safexurze ahyavs igi<br />
da, bolos, sikvdili, romelic aseve ritualSia `SefuTuli~.<br />
magram adamianis, rogorc socialuri arsebis, cxovreba gacilebiT<br />
mravalferovania, is mxolod am gardamtexi ritualebiT ar amoiwureba.<br />
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