qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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mniSvneloba aqvs, rom rac dRes xalxSi trialbs, dResve sisruliT<br />
iyos Sekrebili, amitom, rom xval an Seicvleba, an sxva axali<br />
gamoCndeba da Zveli gadavardeba, daviwyebuli iqneba~ [umikaSvili<br />
IV:236].<br />
nayofieri iyo Tedo razikaSvilis SemkreblobiTi aqtivoba, igi<br />
folklorul teqstebs ZiriTadad krebda qarTl-kaxeTSi, TuSeTSi da<br />
fSav-xevsureTSi. mis mier mopovebuli poeturi teqstebis didi nawili<br />
(1306 erTeuli) krebul ~Zvel saqarTveloSi~ (1914) daibeWda, ganmeorebiT<br />
1953 wels [razikaSvili 1953], oRond mxolod fSauri leqsebi, xevsuruli<br />
poeturi masala akaki SaniZem Tavis krebulSi dabeWda [SaniZe 1931].<br />
samwuxarod, mis Canawerebs ar axlavs pasporti (Camweris vinaoba, adgili,<br />
dro), samagierod aRWurvilia metad mniSvnelovani leqsikuri da<br />
eTnografiuli xasiaTis komentarebiT. Tavis sicocxleSi 1909 wels<br />
razikaSvilma zRaprebis ori tomi gamosca, romelic 1951-1952 wlebSi<br />
meored gamoica.<br />
maT Soris, visac XIX s-Si, roca <strong>folklori</strong>stika axalfexadgmuli<br />
iyo, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>folklori</strong>s Sesaxeb Teoriuli azri gamouTqvams, iyo<br />
literaturis istoriis cnobili mkvlevari aleqsandre xaxanaSvili,<br />
romelmac Tavis wignSi `<strong>qarTuli</strong> sityvierebis istoria~ [xaxanaSvili<br />
1904] didi adgili dauTmo xalxuri sityvierebis mimoxilvas da analizs.<br />
pirveli, vinc scada Seeqmna xalxuri sityvierebis kursi, vasil<br />
barnovi iyo. 1919 wels man calke wignad gamoaqveyna `<strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
sityvierebis istoriis gakveTilebi~, romelic mogvianebiT mis<br />
aTtomeulSi daibeWda [barnovi X:168-278]. mas mkafiod da lakoniurad aqvs<br />
Camoyalibebuli fokloruli Semoqmedebis dedaarsi:<br />
`zepirgadmocemul ubir nawarmoebSi mTeli xalxi iRebs<br />
monawileobas: eris gulisnadebs pirvelad warmoTqvams romelime<br />
niWieri Svili erisa, naTqvami aRibeWdeba msmenelTa mexsierebaSi da<br />
gavrceldeba erTi adgilidan meore adgils, erTi Temidan meore<br />
TemSi, moefineba mTel xalxs da SemdegSi gadadis erTi Taobidan<br />
meore Taobaze. pirvelad naTqvams Semdeg mTqmelTagan TandaTan<br />
emateba axali sityva, axali saxe Tu ambavi, adgilisa da<br />
garemoebaTa mixedviT fers icvlis da ifurCqneba. dedaazri da<br />
umTavresi saxeebi ki winandelebive rCebian. amnairad, saxalxo<br />
nawarmoebi mTeli eris RvawliT aris Seqmnili. pirveli mTqmelis<br />
pirovneba aRara sCans imaSi, is SeerTebulia xalxis pirovnebasTan,<br />
STanTqmulia imaSi~ [barnovi X:169].<br />
XX s-is 30-ian wlebSi vaxtang kotetiSvilis (1893-1938) meoxebiT<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>s Semswavleli mecniereba axal doneze adis. Tumca mas ar<br />
dascalda Tavisi Semoqmedebis gaSla am dargSi, mis mier Sedgenilma<br />
masStaburma programam ver miiRo xorcSesxma, magram mis Semdeg<br />
sauniversiteto ganaTlebaSi xalxuri sityviereba myar adgils iWers. v.<br />
kotetiSvilis gamokvlevebi, romlebic misi cxovrebis xanmokle manZilze<br />
Seiqmna, <strong>folklori</strong>s bevr sferos moicavs (poezia, dReobebi, eposi,<br />
Teatraluri sanaxaobebi, mwerloba da <strong>folklori</strong>...). tragikul<br />
239
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