qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

erovnuli sulis gamosaxatavad~. xalxuri poezia iseve bunebrivad, raime
Zaldatanebis gareSe amoizrdeba xalxis wiaRidan rogorc,
magaliTisTvis, askili, romelic vardisgan gansxvavebiT ar saWiroebs
movla-patronobas, adamianis Carevas. xalxur leqss isini udarebdnen
frinvels, romelic TavisuflebisTvis da ara galiisTvis aris Sobili.
literatura tyvea, xalxuri Semoqmedeba Tavisufalia, yvaviliviT
Tavisuflad ifuCqneba. iakob grimi xalxur simRerebs `Citebis simReras~
adarebs. xalxuri poezia aris bunebis xma da, raki buneba erTia, amiT
aixsneba xalxuri Semoqmedebis principuli erTgvaroba yvela xalxSi.
iakobis Zma vilhelm grimi (1787-1859) werda: `poeziis RvTiuri suli
erTnairia yvela xalxSi da erTi wyaro aqvs yvelgan. amitomac aris, rom
Cven yvelgan vawydebiT msgavsebas... idumali naTesaoba, romlis saerTo
sawyisi dakargulia, gvafiqrebinebs maT saerTo warmomavlobaze...~
germaneli romantikosebi maT TanamedroveobaSi daqucmacebuli
germaniis erTianobas, saerTo germanul suls, xalxur SemoqmedebaSi
eZebdnen da poulobdnen. amitomac xalxuri leqs-simRerebis, Tqmulebebis
(sagebis), miTebisa Tu zRaprebis Segroveba mTeli germaniis masStabiT
erovnul movaleobad iqca. germanelma fokloristebma xalxuri
sityvierebis saxiT aRmoaCines saerTogermanuli `CaZiruli~ kultura,
romelsac fesvebi yvela germanuli tomis saerTo warsulSi hqonda.
germanuli tomebi, garda sakuTriv germanelebisa (die Deutschen), mTel
skandinavias (norvegielebi, danielebi, Svedebi) moicavs. germaneli
folkloristebis ideam am erTianobis Sesaxeb gamoZaxili pova
skandinavur samyaroSi, sadac mniSvnelovani folkloristuli skola
Camoyalibda, romelic gansakuTrebiT zRapris SeswavliT iyo dakavebuli.
am procesSi Caeba fineTic, romelmac aRmoaCina fineli sazogadoebisTvis
eposi `kalevala~. `kalevalam~ fineli xalxi finuri sulisken miaxeda, am
eposis didebulebam win wamoswia finuri ena, romelsac ukiduresi
daknineba emuqreboda; Tu manamde ganaTlebisa da kulturis ena Sveduri
iyo, `kalevalas~ gamoqveynebis Semdeg finurma ena saerTosaxalxo
statusi moipova. amrigad, evropis mTel rig qveynebSi xalxuri
kulturisadmi interesi erovnul interesebs gadaejaWva. ara mxolod
fineli xalxisTvis, romelic man, SeiZleba iTqvas, xalxuri eposi
`kalevala~ ZRvnad miiRo eqim elias lenrotisgan, aramed kulturulad
iseTi dawinaurebuli xalxisTvisac, rogornic germanelebi arian,
xalxuri sityvierebis Zeglebis gamoqveyneba udidesi erovnuli
mniSvnelobis movlena iyo. Zmebma grimebma TavianTi publikaciebiT
magaliTi misces mTels evropas, SesZines ra xalxuri Semoqmedebis
Rirseba, manamde rom ugulebelyofili iyo. ai maTi publikaciebi:
_ sabavSvo da saojaxo zRaprebi (1812);
_ germanuli Tqmulebebi (1816);
_ germanuli sagmiro Tqmulebebi (1829);
_ germanuli miTologiis 2 tomi (1835, 1844).
amave epoqaSi aRmoCnda, rom germanul samyaro monaTesavea induri
samyarosi. indogermanulma Teoriam, romelsac mxedvelobaSi hqonda
germanuli da Zveli induri (sanskriti, vedebis ena) enebis geneturi
naTesaoba, axali horizonti gadaSala fokloristikis winaSe. iseve,
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