qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

Semsrulebeli ar aris misi avtori. arc erTi teqsti, romelsac Cven
vismenT am Cvens aqtualur xanaSi, ar aris misi mTqmelis Seqmnili. magram
Cven vambobT, rom mTqmeli ar gadmogvcems sxvisas, aramed isev da isev
xalxisas, TiTqos xalxi iyo Semoqmedi. aucilebelia, dazustdes, ras
niSnavs `xalxis Semoqmedeba~, ras vgulisxmobT, roca vambobT `xalxi
qmnis? iseT rames xom ar mivawerT xalxs, romlis kompetencia mas ara
aqvs, maSinac ki, roca erT pirovnebasTan gvaqvs saqme? Semqmnelia
saxalxo mTqmeli Tu Semsrulebeli? Cven viciT, rom is Tavisas (mkacri
azriT) ar asrulebs. iseve, rogorc hamletis monologi, romelsac
vismenT, ar aris misi Semsruleblis dawerili.
gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi eduard hofman-kraierma (1864-1937)
amgvarad gamoxata folkloruli Semoqmedebis Tavisi koncefcia: `xalxi
ar qmnis, aramed mxolod imeorebs Seqmnils~ (Das Volk produzier nicht, es
reproduziert nur). es Teza iyo Sedegi im gamokvlevebisa, romelTa mixedviTac
bevr xalxur simReras literaturuli winapari moeZebna. zogi avtori (i.
grupe) ise Sors wavida, rom xalxs SemoqmedebiTi uZlurebac ki aRiara.
misi azriT, yvela kulturuli faseuloba mosaxleobis maRal wreSia
iqmneba da mxolod demokratizaciis procesis ganvlis Semdeg iqceva
farTo masebis kuTvnilebad anu folklorad. am Teoriis mixedviT,
folklori, rogorc hans naumanma (1886-1951) gamoxata, aris `daZiruli
kulturuli dovlaTi~ (gesunkenes Kulturgut) [kokiara:556-557, bauzingeri:44-
45].
am Tvalsazrisis gaziareba misi arealis mxolod SezRudviT Tu
aris SesaZlebeli. ra Tqma, unda yvela Janri ver CaiTvleba maRali
fenebidan `daZirulad~ da ~daZirvac~ yovelTvis ar aris daqveiTeba,
rRvevis procesis gamoxatuleba. qarTul folkorul sinamdvileSi
xalxuri vefxistyaosnis saxiT Cven gvaqvs `daZiruli dovlaTi~, romelic
aSkarad daqveiTebulia, degradirebulic ki. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom
garkveuli saxiT tradicia mainc aris Senaxuli. TiTqos `daZiruli
dovlaTis~ fenomeni Senaxvas unda gulisxmobdes, magram Tu ram iqna
Senaxuli xalxur wiaRSi CaZiruli literaturuli vefxistyaosnidan,
mxolod gardaqmnili saxiT iqna Semonaxuli. xalxma Taviseburad
gardaqmna yvela ZiriTadi motivi, romelic SoTas poemis dedaarss
Seadgens [qoriZe:102-150].
magram folklori icnobs iseT `daZirul kulturul dovlaTs~,
romelic met-naklebad wmida saxiT aris Senaxuli. es aris zRapari,
romlis Canafiqri namdvilad ar aris xalxuri warmoSobis; rac masSi
xalxuria, es misi Sesamoselia, romelic icvleba xalxidan xalxSi,
mTqmelidan mTqmelSi. ra roli aqvs xalxs? xalxi mxolod
Semsrulebelia, amdenadve _ Semnaxveli, magram Sesrulebis procesi
improvizaciebis CaTvliT iqamde ar midis, rom zRapars struqtura da
sazrisi daekargos. xalxuri mTxrobelis individualoba ar exeba
zRapris Sidaformas, is mxolod mravalferovan samkaulebs qmnis mis
garegan sxeulze, arsi igive rCeba. gveCveneba, TiTqos zRaparma Tavadve
Semoinaxa sakuTari Tavi. igive SegviZlia vTqvaT `amiranianis~ Sesaxeb,
romlis ideuri Canafiqri aSkarad scildeba xalxis mentalitetis
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