qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
terminSi xmiT tirili TiTqos sxvas arafers niSnavs, Tu ara sityviT tirils. TiTqos sityva `xma” aq sityvis sinonimia, rogorc gamoTqmebSi: `xma gasca~, `xma amoiRo~, anu sagloviaro Janris am saxeobaSi igulisxmeba ara carieli bgeris gamoReba, aramed sityvis warmoTqma. radgan arsebobs sityviT tirili da arsebobs usityvo tirili, rogoric aris svanuri zari da raWuli zruni. SesaZlebelia, `xma~ xmiT natiralSi melodias niSnavdes, ramdenadac arsebobs sxvagvari tirilic: ZaxiliT tirili, romelic reCitativiT sruldeba, anu melodiis gareSe, `ZaxiliT~ warmoiTqmis. xmiT natirali uriTmo, cxramarcvliani leqsia, romlis yoveli striqoni, rogorc wesi, sxvaTa sityvis o-Ti bolovdeba. motirali amgvarad aboloebs striqonebs (ToTo bavSvze natirali): “gagordi, oqros akavanoo, me gxedav _ daixare pirqvao, gafrindi qoris wiwilaoo, cixeSi SaiWuWken mÃarnio...” [qxp V:#136]. SeniSvna. sityvebSi akavan-o-o, wiwila-o-o pirveli o wodebiTisaa, meore sxvaTa sityvis. am tipis leqsi mTibluris saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. es saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom erTaderTi adgili, sadac, micvalebulis cxedris garda, kidev (xelmeored) SeiZleba Sesruldes da sruldeba xmiT natirali, es saTibia, anu igi Tibvis simRerebis repertuarSi Sedis, ufro sworad, misi repertuaris erTaderTi Semadgenelia. sxva warmoSobis Tibvis leqsebs, garda xmiT natirlebisa, Sromis poezia ar icnobs. xmiT natirlis avtori da Semsrulebeli erTi da igive piria, da igi, uiSviaTesi gamonaklisis garda, dedakacia. anu mTibluri mTlianad qalTa Semoqmedebaa. ukve warmoTqmuli xmiT natirlis teqstis ganmeoreba sxva micvalebulis dasatireblad yovlad warmoudgenelia. Tu moxda da erTxel warmoTqmuli teqsti sxva micvalebulis datirebis ceremonialze ganmeorda, es imis niSania, rom tradicias bzari gauCnda, xmiT natirlis Semoqmedeba Sewyda. es imis niSania, rom sazogadoebaSi axali xmiT natirali, am konkretuli micvalebulis dasatireblad, veRar iqmneba, qalTa Soris xmiT motirali aRar moiZebneba. yovel xmiT natirals Tavisi konkretuli adresati hyavs gardacvlilis pirovnebis saxiT anu, piruku, yovel gardacvlils Tavisi sakuTari xmiT natirali aqvs, romelSic sxva gardacvlili ver Seeziareba. amitomac, dalais teqstisgan gansxvavebiT, xmiT natirali Rrmad individualuria, mxolod ama da am micvalebulzea Seqmnili. es teqsti misia samaradJamod, mis ukvdavyofas emsaxureba. anu, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ramdeni micvalebulic yofila, imdeni xmiT natirali unda arsebobdes (cxadia, Tu uklebliv yvela iqna datirebuli). Semoqmedebis xasiaTi. xmiT natirali improvizaciulia. misi SeTxzvis da warmoTqmis pirobebi sxvagan ver Seiqmneba, Tu ara 218
micvalebulis win. STagonebis wyaro, impulsi, micvalebulis pirovnebaa _ misi Rirsebebi da adamianuri Tvisebebi da is mwuxarebisa da sinanulis atmosfero, romelic aq da am adgilas sufevs. micvalebulis garSemo Sekrebili dedrovani, romelic qviTiniT (ara sityviT: `ihio, hio, hio!~) exmaureba xmiT motiralis warmoTqmul yovel fraza-striqons, am Semoqmedebis monawilea. saeWvoa, Sesruldeboda Tu ara xmiT natirali WirisufalTa da damswreTa gareSe. rogorc yoveli folkloruli teqsti Sesrulebisas, isic moiTxovs msmenels, am SemTxvevaSi metsac, gulSematkivars. motirlis Semoqmedeba dionisuria, eqstaturi, is imave bunebisaa, razec platoni wers “ionSi”. miuxedavad am Semoqmedebis spontanuri xasiaTisa, sadac aracnobieri unda Zlevdes cnobiers, Tavad motirali am garemoebas acnobierebs da arcTu iumoris gareSe Tavad natiralSive acxadebs: “ra kan rani-m varT matirlebio, davsxdebiT, davimwuxavT TvalTao, daviwyebT tanCi cxroobasao, ielnaWamsa vRgivarT Txasao...” [qxp V:#114]. aq motirali laparakobs im SemoqmedebiT siSmageze, romelic eufleba mTels mis arsebas. Tvalis `dawuxva~ (daxuWva) ar aris SemTxveviTi: cnobilia, rom berZeni aedebi da rafsodebi usinaTloni iyven da swored am fizikuri sibrmavis wyalobiT maT gaxsnili hqondaT Sinagani Tvali. platonis azriT, es aris `RvTiuri siSmage~, romelic WeSmariti poeziis pirobas warmoadgens: `didi epikosi poetebi sakuTari xelovnebis ki ara, zeSTagonebisa da RvTiuri siSmagis wyalobiT Txzaven TavianT mSvenier poemebs. igive iTqmis lirikis poetTa mimarT: RvTiuri siSmagiT cnobamixdilni...qmnian TavianT momxiblav leqsebs, roca maT euflebaT harmonia da ritmi... mas [poets] ar ZaluZs raime Seqmnas manam, sanam zeSTagoneba Tu RvTiuri siSmage cnobas ar mixdis da gons ar dauxSobs~ [platoni: 271-272]. xmiT tirilis SemoqmedebiTi Sinagani mxare ar aris sakmarisad Seswavlili, magram uSualo mxilvel-msmenelis dakvirvebidanac Cans misi buneba. Tu berZen mgosanTa STamagonebelni muzebi iyvnen, xmiT motirali dedakacis STamagonebeli Tavad micvalebulia. `xmiT tirili yvelas ae SeeZlo. qals rom xmiT tirili daewyo, unda `aetexa~ tirili ise, rom viTom mas Zalauneburad mkvdarni atirebdnen... visac xmiT tirilis `atexa~ undoda, daiwyebda caxcax-kankals, Tavs iqiT-aqeT aqnevda, iwyebda barbacs, xelebis fSvnetas, kbilebis RrWenas; viTom sityvebs ver ambobda, ar undoda, xan moqanculi miesveneboda roca motirali alebi amas SeamCndevdnen, yvelani gaCumdebodnen da elodnen, Tu ras aTqmevinebda motirals micvalebulis suli... [bolos] qali amoiRebda xmas. pirvelad micvalebulis eniT daiwyebda laparaks. magaliTad: `aZraxdi, Cemo meeneo, nu damaRone suleTCiao, Camidev wili tirilCiao, me Sen mindixar meenedao~ [masalebi 1940:39]. @ 219
- Page 167 and 168: simRerebis fragmentebi an maTi ubra
- Page 169 and 170: Sromis procesis winamZRoli da, alba
- Page 171 and 172: gegonebaT, mTeli sofeli qeifobso. a
- Page 173 and 174: [qxp X:426]. momkeli yovelTvis imar
- Page 175 and 176: aayena! isxa, isxa, isxa... gamoRma
- Page 177 and 178: `Tqveni WirimeT, matiralono, Cven d
- Page 179 and 180: celi galesa qasuriTa, meore namxrev
- Page 181 and 182: xundi gigorams giSrisa, ari aralo,
- Page 183 and 184: is, rac man sicocxlis wil moipova,
- Page 185 and 186: kaimoymeoba, rac Tavad moymisTvis d
- Page 187 and 188: amtvrevs kbiliTa”). magram sul ma
- Page 189 and 190: `axiels TeTrsa cixesa Cardaxi Camos
- Page 191 and 192: Sua gzas SamaaRamda, dron iyvnen Su
- Page 193 and 194: amdenadme gansxvavebulia sxva sagmi
- Page 195 and 196: es misi daRupvis gare mxarea. Temi
- Page 197 and 198: SauZaxnebav xTisad: RmerTo, Sen nu
- Page 199 and 200: TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli mon
- Page 201 and 202: Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, beTqilisa da ja
- Page 203 and 204: odesac folkloruli Janrebis yofiToba
- Page 205 and 206: omelsac araferi aqvs saerTo yofiT q
- Page 207 and 208: sazogadoebrivi Cumi kontroli im dau
- Page 209 and 210: dadasturebulia am fabulis uZvelesi
- Page 211 and 212: alada mecxvaris siyvarulze mravalmx
- Page 213 and 214: miemarTa misTvis: “netavi, qalo l
- Page 215 and 216: mTasa zeda sionsa~ (gam. 14:1), `es
- Page 217: oselaiZev...~), moxsenebuli, meoreS
- Page 221 and 222: axloblobis iseTi kategoriaa, romelT
- Page 223 and 224: Soreuli molodiniT, rom Tavad maszec
- Page 225 and 226: moklulis pirovnebiT aris dakavebuli
- Page 227 and 228: dawyvilebulia es ori saqmianoba da
- Page 229 and 230: omlebic uqorwineblad gardaicvalnen.
- Page 231 and 232: ogorc enaSi arsebobs sinonimebi (Tu
- Page 233 and 234: moyvare-mteri, cxadi-dafaruli, Sene
- Page 235 and 236: puSkini. osianis italiuri Targmani
- Page 237 and 238: ogorc erTi saerTo fuZe-enidan warmo
- Page 239 and 240: mniSvneloba aqvs, rom rac dRes xalx
- Page 241 and 242: kokiara 1960: Коккьяра Дж
- Page 243 and 244: da mentaliteti? folkloris arsebobis
terminSi xmiT tirili TiTqos sxvas arafers niSnavs, Tu ara<br />
sityviT tirils. TiTqos sityva `xma” aq sityvis sinonimia, rogorc<br />
gamoTqmebSi: `xma gasca~, `xma amoiRo~, anu sagloviaro Janris am<br />
saxeobaSi igulisxmeba ara carieli bgeris gamoReba, aramed sityvis<br />
warmoTqma. radgan arsebobs sityviT tirili da arsebobs usityvo<br />
tirili, rogoric aris svanuri zari da raWuli zruni. SesaZlebelia,<br />
`xma~ xmiT natiralSi melodias niSnavdes, ramdenadac arsebobs sxvagvari<br />
tirilic: ZaxiliT tirili, romelic reCitativiT sruldeba, anu<br />
melodiis gareSe, `ZaxiliT~ warmoiTqmis.<br />
xmiT natirali uriTmo, cxramarcvliani leqsia, romlis yoveli<br />
striqoni, rogorc wesi, sxvaTa sityvis o-Ti bolovdeba. motirali<br />
amgvarad aboloebs striqonebs (ToTo bavSvze natirali):<br />
“gagordi, oqros akavanoo,<br />
me gxedav _ daixare pirqvao,<br />
gafrindi qoris wiwilaoo,<br />
cixeSi SaiWuWken mÃarnio...”<br />
[qxp V:#136].<br />
SeniSvna. sityvebSi akavan-o-o, wiwila-o-o pirveli o wodebiTisaa, meore sxvaTa<br />
sityvis.<br />
am tipis leqsi mTibluris saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. es<br />
saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom erTaderTi adgili, sadac,<br />
micvalebulis cxedris garda, kidev (xelmeored) SeiZleba Sesruldes da<br />
sruldeba xmiT natirali, es saTibia, anu igi Tibvis simRerebis<br />
repertuarSi Sedis, ufro sworad, misi repertuaris erTaderTi<br />
Semadgenelia. sxva warmoSobis Tibvis leqsebs, garda xmiT natirlebisa,<br />
Sromis poezia ar icnobs.<br />
xmiT natirlis avtori da Semsrulebeli erTi da igive piria, da<br />
igi, uiSviaTesi gamonaklisis garda, dedakacia. anu mTibluri mTlianad<br />
qalTa Semoqmedebaa. ukve warmoTqmuli xmiT natirlis teqstis ganmeoreba<br />
sxva micvalebulis dasatireblad yovlad warmoudgenelia. Tu moxda da<br />
erTxel warmoTqmuli teqsti sxva micvalebulis datirebis ceremonialze<br />
ganmeorda, es imis niSania, rom tradicias bzari gauCnda, xmiT natirlis<br />
Semoqmedeba Sewyda. es imis niSania, rom sazogadoebaSi axali xmiT<br />
natirali, am konkretuli micvalebulis dasatireblad, veRar iqmneba,<br />
qalTa Soris xmiT motirali aRar moiZebneba.<br />
yovel xmiT natirals Tavisi konkretuli adresati hyavs<br />
gardacvlilis pirovnebis saxiT anu, piruku, yovel gardacvlils Tavisi<br />
sakuTari xmiT natirali aqvs, romelSic sxva gardacvlili ver<br />
Seeziareba. amitomac, dalais teqstisgan gansxvavebiT, xmiT natirali<br />
Rrmad individualuria, mxolod ama da am micvalebulzea Seqmnili. es<br />
teqsti misia samaradJamod, mis ukvdavyofas emsaxureba. anu, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom ramdeni micvalebulic yofila, imdeni xmiT natirali unda<br />
arsebobdes (cxadia, Tu uklebliv yvela iqna datirebuli).<br />
Semoqmedebis xasiaTi. xmiT natirali improvizaciulia. misi<br />
SeTxzvis da warmoTqmis pirobebi sxvagan ver Seiqmneba, Tu ara<br />
218
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