qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
mas saqme aqvs variantTan, romelic atarebs mTqmelisa da adgilis Taviseburebebs, rom araferi vTqvaT dialeqtur individualobaze. amrigad, pasporti folkloruli Canaweris aucilebeli Tanmxlebia. es aris anonimuri xalxuri nawarmoebis vinaobis ganmsazRvreli. mis gareSe Canaweri, Tunda genialuri teqstisa, Zalze naklulia. es aris fokloris Sekrebis wesi, romelic XIX saukuneSi Camoyalibda evropaSi da saqarTvelmdec movida. Tumca mas erTaderTi adepti hyavda petre umikaSvilis (1839-1904) saxiT, romelsac ekuTvnis am mxriv yvelaze Rirebuli folkloruli Canawerebi; misive Sedgenilia `programma xalxis sityvierebis nawarmoebis SekrebisaTvis~ (Tbilisi, 1882). Caweris wesebis pirvelsave punqtad aq vkiTxulobT: `yvelaferi unda daiweros swored ise, rogorc xalxi ambobs. damwerma (Camwerma, z.k.) Tavis tavs neba ar unda misces mcireodenis cvlilebis moxdenisaca. adgilobrivi gamoTqma, sityvebi, sityvebis dalageba frazebSi, frazebis erTmaneTTan damokidebuleba, _ yvelaferi sastikad unda daicvas damwerma; is adgilebic ki ar unda Sescvalos, romelic uzrod eCveneba. yuradReba unda mieqces metadre prozad sawersa, rom xalxis enis kilo da frazebis SekavSireba namdvili darCes...~ meore da mesame punqtebSi vkiTxulobT: `zogierTi leqsi an zRapari anu sxva nTqvami xalxSi sxva da sxva cvlilebiT aris an sul mTlad, an zogi adgilebi da striqonebi, an ravdenime sityva. Zalian saWiroa, rom damweri marto erTs redaqcias ar dasjerdes, aramed yoveli gansxvavebac aRniSnos sxolioebsi, rom zogSi esa da es cvlilebaao. da Tu srulad bevri hasxvaveba, mTlad daiweros. es cvlilebis dawera imitom aris saWiro, rom xSirad mrTels dids leqsSi anu zRaparSi oriode sami sityva, sxva cvlilebiY xmarebuli, mrTelis Txzulebis fersa cvlis da zogjer Zvirfass ganZs Seadgens.~ `zogs leqss an sxva naTqvams mTqmelni axsnas ukeTeben. es axsnac unda aRniSnos sxolioSi moxsenebiT, rom Tqmelis axsnaa. ra adgilic, anu romelime azri an sityva damwers ar esmis, hkiTxos glexs da, Tu man axsna misca, saWiroa amisi dawerac~. petre umikaSvilis mdidar folklorul CanawerebSi es wesi ganuxrelad aris daculi [umikaSvili:1937; umikaSvili:1964]. samwuxaroa, rom erTaderTi umikaSvili iyo, esoden did yuradRebas aqcevda folkloruli teqstis pasportis Sedgenas, rac sruliad ugulebelyofilia sxvata CanawerebSi. genialur vaJa-fSavelas bevri xalxuri leqsebi moyavs Tavis narkvevebSi, magram arsad ar uTiTebs arc mTqmelis vinaobas, arc Caweris adgils da wels. arada, bevri maTgani pirvelad mis mier aris gamoqveynebuli. aseve iTqmis ilia WavWavaZis da sxvaTa Canawerebis Sesaxeb. dResdReobiT fokloristebi savele muSaobis dros mxolod am principebiT xelmZRvaneloben. 20
ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradiciulobas, rac aucileblobiT moeTxoveba folklorul nawarmoebs, literaturuli nawarmoebisTvis mxolod fonia, romelzec mkveTrad isaxeba is arsebiTi, rac mis individualobas da novatorobas Seadgens. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu folkloruli nawarmoebi arsebiTad mxolod koleqtivSi da tradiciaSi arsebobs, da aq mJRavndeba misi genialoba, literaturuli nawarmoebis Rirseba da Rirebuleba, misi genialoba mis individualobasa da novatorobaSi mdgomareobs. amrigad, verc erTs, TavisTavad aRebuls, zemoT CamoTvlil niSanTagan ver CavTvliT unikalurad folklorisTvis. jer, TiToeuli maTgani gansxvavebul saxes iRebs imisda mixedviT, sad gvxvdeba igi _ folklorSi Tu literaturaSi; mere, maTi, rogorc aRiniSna, urTierTgamomavloba da ganpirobebuloba unikalurs xdis maT folklorisTvis, rac imas niSnavs, rom es niSnebi folklorSi organulia da ara SemTxveviTi, mis gareSe arsebul raRac faqtorebiT ganpirobebuli; da bolos, unikaluria Tavad Sexameba maTi, rac arsebiTia da, SeiZleba iTqvas, fundamenturi folkloruli SemoqmedebisTvis. es hgavs yvavilebis Taiguls, romelSic TiToeuli yvavilis individualoba sxvebTan SexamebaSi axal Tvisebas iZens. sxvaa am niSanTagan SeTxzuli Taiguli folklorSi da sxvaa _ literaturaSi. `daZiruli kulturuli dovlaTi~ j. Tomsis mier Seqmnil kompozitSi folk-lore pirveli sityva im mniSvnelobiT moxvda, romelic mas inglisur enaSi hqonda da aqvs: es aris mosaxleobis naklebad ganviTarebuli, mwignobrobas moklebuli fenebi. es is xalxia, romelic Tavis SemoqmedebaSi damwerlobas ar iyenebs _ qmnis zepirad da avrcelebs zepirad. magram ismis sakiTxi: rogor unda gavigoT, rom xalxi qmnis? xalxi xom pirovneba ar aris, rom qmnides? gamomdinare yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan, rac folkoruli Semoqmedebis specifikas exeboda, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qmnian yovelTvis erTeulebi, xalxis niWieri warmomadgenlebi, romelTac SeuZliaT gamoxaton xalxis suliskveTeba, interesebi, imedebi, sasowarkveTilebani, wuxili, molodinebi da a. S. isini, SeiZleba iTqvas, folkis zedafenis warmomadgenlebi arian. magram maT mier Seqmnilis realizaciisTvis anu mis `gamosaqveyneblad~ xalxs unda Seswevdes mosmenis unari, igi mzad unda iyos imisaTvis, raTa miiRos es mosmenili, aRmoaCinos masSi sakuTari, risi gamoTqmis Zali mas ar Seswevs. mxolod amis Semdeg SeeZleba mas mosmenilis damaxsovreba (Senaxva) da gatana-gavrceleba. maSasadame, arsebobs avtori da arsebobs mTqmeli, romlis meSveobiTac pirvelnaTqvami folkamde midis. mTqmeli aqtiuria, msmeneli pasiuri aRmqmeli. magram am pasiur masaSi yovelTvis moiZebneba pirovneba, romelic iRebs estafetas anu mTqmeli xdeba da a. S. fokloristikas yovelTvis saqme aqvs mTqmelebTan da ara avtorebTan, romelTa saxelebi samudamod dakargulia, TaobaTa mTqmelebSia ganzavebuli. roca zRapris mTxrobels (mezRapres) vusmenT, ar vfiqrobT, rom zRapari misi SeTxzulia; arc `vefxvisa da moymis~ Tu sxva sagmiro baladis 21
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
- Page 65 and 66: erTaderTi racionaluri azri, romelic
- Page 67 and 68: arsebobs qarTul novelistur zRaprebS
- Page 69 and 70: msoflio zRaprebs Soris saerTo ara m
mas saqme aqvs variantTan, romelic atarebs mTqmelisa da adgilis<br />
Taviseburebebs, rom araferi vTqvaT dialeqtur individualobaze.<br />
amrigad, pasporti folkloruli Canaweris aucilebeli Tanmxlebia.<br />
es aris anonimuri xalxuri nawarmoebis vinaobis ganmsazRvreli. mis<br />
gareSe Canaweri, Tunda genialuri teqstisa, Zalze naklulia. es aris<br />
fokloris Sekrebis wesi, romelic XIX saukuneSi Camoyalibda evropaSi<br />
da saqarTvelmdec movida. Tumca mas erTaderTi adepti hyavda petre<br />
umikaSvilis (1839-1904) saxiT, romelsac ekuTvnis am mxriv yvelaze<br />
Rirebuli folkloruli Canawerebi; misive Sedgenilia `programma<br />
xalxis sityvierebis nawarmoebis SekrebisaTvis~ (Tbilisi, 1882). Caweris<br />
wesebis pirvelsave punqtad aq vkiTxulobT:<br />
`yvelaferi unda daiweros swored ise, rogorc xalxi ambobs.<br />
damwerma (Camwerma, z.k.) Tavis tavs neba ar unda misces<br />
mcireodenis cvlilebis moxdenisaca. adgilobrivi gamoTqma,<br />
sityvebi, sityvebis dalageba frazebSi, frazebis<br />
erTmaneTTan damokidebuleba, _ yvelaferi sastikad<br />
unda daicvas damwerma; is adgilebic ki ar unda Sescvalos,<br />
romelic uzrod eCveneba. yuradReba unda mieqces metadre<br />
prozad sawersa, rom xalxis enis kilo da frazebis SekavSireba<br />
namdvili darCes...~<br />
meore da mesame punqtebSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
`zogierTi leqsi an zRapari anu sxva nTqvami xalxSi<br />
sxva da sxva cvlilebiT aris an sul mTlad, an zogi adgilebi<br />
da striqonebi, an ravdenime sityva. Zalian saWiroa, rom damweri<br />
marto erTs redaqcias ar dasjerdes, aramed yoveli gansxvavebac<br />
aRniSnos sxolioebsi, rom zogSi esa da es cvlilebaao. da Tu<br />
srulad bevri hasxvaveba, mTlad daiweros. es cvlilebis dawera<br />
imitom aris saWiro, rom xSirad mrTels dids leqsSi anu zRaparSi<br />
oriode sami sityva, sxva cvlilebiY xmarebuli, mrTelis Txzulebis<br />
fersa cvlis da zogjer Zvirfass ganZs Seadgens.~<br />
`zogs leqss an sxva naTqvams mTqmelni axsnas ukeTeben. es<br />
axsnac unda aRniSnos sxolioSi moxsenebiT, rom Tqmelis<br />
axsnaa. ra adgilic, anu romelime azri an sityva damwers<br />
ar esmis, hkiTxos glexs da, Tu man axsna misca, saWiroa amisi<br />
dawerac~.<br />
petre umikaSvilis mdidar folklorul CanawerebSi es wesi ganuxrelad<br />
aris daculi [umikaSvili:1937; umikaSvili:1964]. samwuxaroa, rom<br />
erTaderTi umikaSvili iyo, esoden did yuradRebas aqcevda<br />
folkloruli teqstis pasportis Sedgenas, rac sruliad<br />
ugulebelyofilia sxvata CanawerebSi. genialur vaJa-fSavelas bevri<br />
xalxuri leqsebi moyavs Tavis narkvevebSi, magram arsad ar uTiTebs arc<br />
mTqmelis vinaobas, arc Caweris adgils da wels. arada, bevri maTgani<br />
pirvelad mis mier aris gamoqveynebuli. aseve iTqmis ilia WavWavaZis da<br />
sxvaTa Canawerebis Sesaxeb. dResdReobiT fokloristebi savele muSaobis<br />
dros mxolod am principebiT xelmZRvaneloben.<br />
20
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