qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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monadire isev, rogorc davlaTian-nawiliani meomari (TorRva Zagani, ioneur TeTrauli, mamuka qalundauri da sxvani) mSvidobianad ar amTavrebs sicocxles. samonadiro folklorisTvis arsebiTia daRupuli monadiris cikli, romelsac sagangebo monografia mieZRvna [virsalaZe 1964]. monadire, rogorc wesi, isjeba zedmeti nadiri daxocvisTvis. arsebobs wesi: asi jixvis mokvlis Semdeg Tofi miwaSi imarxeba. es is Tofia, romelmac azari Seasrula da misi gamoyeneba ekrZaleba monadires. monadire Corla isjeba imisaTvis, rom man as oci jixvi da arCvi mokla, mxolod erTi koWli Txa gadaurCa [svanuri poezia:291]. gadametebuli nanadirevi monadiris hubrisis gamoxatulebaa. es ar epatieba monadires, rogorc qalundaurs ar epatia im meTormetis mokvla. monadire isjeba ara imdenad zedmeti nadiris mokvlisTvis, aramed hubrisisTvis, imis daviwyebisTvis, rom nadirobaSi warmateba nadirT patronzea damokidebuli da ara misi monadireobis xelovnebaze an davlaTze, romlis wyaro nadirT patronia. warmateba davlaTia, romelic eZleva monadires da, rogorc eZleva, iseve waerTmeva. zedmeti an niSandebuli nadiris mokvla qurdobis tolfasia: monadire qurdavs `nadirT patrons~. amisTvis is unda daisajos. nadirT patronTan urTierToba, romelic aucilebelia nadirobaSi warmatebisaTvis, satrfialo kavSiris saxes iRebs. am dros nadirTpatroni dedria. qarTul folklorSi ori tipi gamoikveTa am urTierTobisa, erTi svanur zepirsityvierebaSia dadasturebuli, meore _ megrulSi. erTgan dalia, meoregan _ `tyaSmafa~ (tyis mefe Tu dedofali). rCeuli monadireebi dalis an tyaSmafas sayvarlebi arian. am pirobiT isini aRweven warmatebas. Tumca monadire, Cveulebriv, gaurbis nadirT mwyemsis siyvaruls. niSandoblivia: Tu arCevani monadirezea, anu Tu monadires aqvs alternativa, igi oridan _ dalTan wola Tu cxra jixvi _ am ukanasknels irCevs. ase iqceva dalis bavSvis gadamrCeni monadire: warmatebas irCevs, magram dali pasuxs mkacrad agebinebs, Tu man cxras gadaaWarba an am cxraSi swored imas esrola, romlis mokvla akrZaluli aqvs. es xSirad oqrosrqiani jixvia da misTvis nasroli tyvia Tavad msrolels miubrundeba. ufro xSirad monadires ara aqvs alternativa. igi iZulebulia dahyves dalis nebas: sayvarlad gauxdes mas da warmatebax uzrunvelyofilia, magram amieridan monadire mudmivi safrTxis winaSea. am siyvaruls TiTqos kanonieri saxe aqvs, es erTgvari qorwinebaa, misi niSani mZivia an beWedi, romelsac monadire saidumlod unda inaxavdes. am mZivSi Tu beWedSia ganivTebuli monadiris bedi. masze unda Semowmdes misi erTguleba dalisadmi. magram monadires `Sin~ kanonieri qali hyavs. amieridan misi cxovreba gaorebulia _ cxovreba `Sin~ da `gareT~. dalTan qorwineba Tumca efemerulia, magram misi Sedegi tragikulia. dali Rupavs, dalive daitirebs. svanuri samonadireo teqstebi epiuria, sinkretizmis niSniT aris aRbeWdili _ isini ferxulSi sruldeba, ferxulis dinamikam da ritmma 198

TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli monadiris daRupvis gardauvali procesi. `bail yvela dailocos aq myofi, bail, ilba bail. bail, sabralo beTqil, sacodao beTqil, bail.... bail, beTqil, dalis moRalatev, bail.... bail, mulax-muJali ikribeba, bail... bail, ferxuliT uvlian JamuSis moedans, bail... bail, gadmomxtara TeTri Suni, bail... bail, gaZromia beTqils lajebSi, bail... bail, es beTqilis wera iqneba, bail... bail, amis mdevari vin iqneba, bail... bail, amis mdevari beTqili iqneba, bail...~ [xalxuri poezia 1992:#163] sofeli grZnobs, rom es TeTri Suni, romelic sinamdvileSi arc aris Suni, beTqilis bedisweraa. beTqili pasuxismgebelia mis gamoCenaze, amitomac valdebulia gahyves mis kvals. Sunis saxiT movlenilma CaSala ferxuli, daarRvia sayovelTao mxiaruleba, zeimi. uaresic moxdeba, Tu damnaSave ar gaica. amas acxadebs sofeli sityvebiT `amis mdevari beTqili iqneba~, sxva aravin. dali, romelic Sunis saxiT gamoecxada sofels, sxvas aravis moiTxovs. sofeli grZnobs, rom es beTqilis ukanaskneli nadiroba iqneba da aravin ecileba Sunis monadirebaSi. `Cemi mocemuli mZivi ra uyavi?~ _ kiTxva dasmulia miuval kldeze, sadac gaityua Sunma beTqili da saidanac Camosvla mas ar uweria. mZivi ara mxolod sasiyvaruli saCuqaria, aramed saidumlos niSanic aris, romlis siwmide beTqilma ver Seinaxa, `gaarioSa~ (`garioSeba~ _ desakralizacia). amitomac igi unda daisajos. da dali mTeli sisastikiT sjis mas. sad unda daisajos monadire, Tu ara isev da isev im sajixveebSi, sadac mas warmateba hqonda. rogorc ki dali miatovebs mas _ gauCinardeba, beTqili ufskrulis Tavze dakidebuli aRmoCndeba. mTeli sofeli mis saSvelad moemarTeba, magram vidre kldis Zirs miaRwevdes, `manamde beTqili gadmovardnila, mis mZors daTvi Wams, mis Tvalebs yorani kortnis...~ svani beTqilis dramis tipologiuria raWveli ivane qvacixelis tragikuli ambavi. oRond qvacixelis TqmulebaSi teqstSi ar Cans nadirT patronis monawileoba. magram sasjeli aSkaraa da is Zalze sastikia: kldeze SerCenili qvacixels ukidures gasaWirSi mouxdeba Tavisi monadireobis atributebze uarisTqma Tu maTi SebRalva: klavs erTgul ZaRls yurSas da cecxls aCaRebs sanadiro iaraRebiT _ isrebiT, mSvildiT da kaparWiT [virsalaZe:191]. ufskrulSi gadaCexvamde igi sruliad gacamtverda rogorc monadire. TiTqos paradoqsuli kanonzomierebaa: rac ufro saxelovania monadire, miT ufro gardauvalia misi tragikuli aRsasruli. `jixvebis muqaraze~ mdgomni iqcevian rogorc ukandauxeveli meomrebi, radgan nadiroba brZolaa, rasac es samonadiro baladac mowmobs. aq jarji iziarebs beTqilisisa ivane qvacixelis xvedrs, magram mis monadirul qcevas sxva niuansic axlavs, rac arsebiTia. 199

TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli monadiris daRupvis gardauvali<br />

procesi.<br />

`bail yvela dailocos aq myofi, bail, ilba bail.<br />

bail, sabralo beTqil, sacodao beTqil, bail....<br />

bail, beTqil, dalis moRalatev, bail....<br />

bail, mulax-muJali ikribeba, bail...<br />

bail, ferxuliT uvlian JamuSis moedans, bail...<br />

bail, gadmomxtara TeTri Suni, bail...<br />

bail, gaZromia beTqils lajebSi, bail...<br />

bail, es beTqilis wera iqneba, bail...<br />

bail, amis mdevari vin iqneba, bail...<br />

bail, amis mdevari beTqili iqneba, bail...~<br />

[xalxuri poezia 1992:#163]<br />

sofeli grZnobs, rom es TeTri Suni, romelic sinamdvileSi arc<br />

aris Suni, beTqilis bedisweraa. beTqili pasuxismgebelia mis gamoCenaze,<br />

amitomac valdebulia gahyves mis kvals. Sunis saxiT movlenilma CaSala<br />

ferxuli, daarRvia sayovelTao mxiaruleba, zeimi. uaresic moxdeba, Tu<br />

damnaSave ar gaica. amas acxadebs sofeli sityvebiT `amis mdevari<br />

beTqili iqneba~, sxva aravin. dali, romelic Sunis saxiT gamoecxada<br />

sofels, sxvas aravis moiTxovs. sofeli grZnobs, rom es beTqilis<br />

ukanaskneli nadiroba iqneba da aravin ecileba Sunis monadirebaSi. `Cemi<br />

mocemuli mZivi ra uyavi?~ _ kiTxva dasmulia miuval kldeze, sadac<br />

gaityua Sunma beTqili da saidanac Camosvla mas ar uweria. mZivi ara<br />

mxolod sasiyvaruli saCuqaria, aramed saidumlos niSanic aris, romlis<br />

siwmide beTqilma ver Seinaxa, `gaarioSa~ (`garioSeba~ _ desakralizacia).<br />

amitomac igi unda daisajos. da dali mTeli sisastikiT sjis mas. sad<br />

unda daisajos monadire, Tu ara isev da isev im sajixveebSi, sadac mas<br />

warmateba hqonda. rogorc ki dali miatovebs mas _ gauCinardeba, beTqili<br />

ufskrulis Tavze dakidebuli aRmoCndeba. mTeli sofeli mis saSvelad<br />

moemarTeba, magram vidre kldis Zirs miaRwevdes, `manamde beTqili<br />

gadmovardnila, mis mZors daTvi Wams, mis Tvalebs yorani kortnis...~<br />

svani beTqilis dramis tipologiuria raWveli ivane qvacixelis<br />

tragikuli ambavi. oRond qvacixelis TqmulebaSi teqstSi ar Cans nadirT<br />

patronis monawileoba. magram sasjeli aSkaraa da is Zalze sastikia:<br />

kldeze SerCenili qvacixels ukidures gasaWirSi mouxdeba Tavisi<br />

monadireobis atributebze uarisTqma Tu maTi SebRalva: klavs erTgul<br />

ZaRls yurSas da cecxls aCaRebs sanadiro iaraRebiT _ isrebiT,<br />

mSvildiT da kaparWiT [virsalaZe:191]. ufskrulSi gadaCexvamde igi<br />

sruliad gacamtverda rogorc monadire.<br />

TiTqos paradoqsuli kanonzomierebaa: rac ufro saxelovania<br />

monadire, miT ufro gardauvalia misi tragikuli aRsasruli. `jixvebis<br />

muqaraze~ mdgomni iqcevian rogorc ukandauxeveli meomrebi, radgan<br />

nadiroba brZolaa, rasac es samonadiro baladac mowmobs. aq jarji<br />

iziarebs beTqilisisa ivane qvacixelis xvedrs, magram mis monadirul<br />

qcevas sxva niuansic axlavs, rac arsebiTia.<br />

199

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