qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

amdenadme gansxvavebulia sxva sagmiro baladebisgan, Tumca ar
SeiZleba darwmunebuli viyoT, rom igi sagmiro xasiaTisaa, ramdenadac
orTabrZola (Tu am Setakebas orTabrZolad CavTvliT) aq mTavari Tema
ar aris. balada mravalmxriv aris saintereso: pirvel, rigSi, is
istoriuli dokumentia, romelic konkretuli, cocxali SemTxveviT
(xdomilebiT) gvisuraTebs saqarTvelos mTaSi Seqmnil situcias zurab
erisTavis xanaSi. Siola, erTi gabudayebuli gvaris warmomadgeneli,
aragvis erisTavis partikularistuli mcdelobebis dasayrdenia xevSi.
hubrisi, rogorc wesi, tragikulad mTavrdeba da Siolas aRsasrulic
amgvaria. tragediis arsi moulodnelobaSic, mowinaaRmdege Zalis
gauTvaliswineblobaSic mdgomareobs. Siola im mxridan nasroli isris
msxverpli xdeba, saidanac naklebad moeloda. ase iRupeba gabudayebuli
TorRva Zaganic. magram, rogorc iTqva, es motivi aq ar aris mTavari.
mTavari Tema TiTqos im samiode striqonSia gamoxatuli, romlebic
daskvnis, erTgvari eqstrabaladuri sivrcidan gamosrolili SeZaxiliT,
agvirgvinebs baladis teqsts:
`amboben Camaqcevasa axalcixuris kldisasa,
Tan Cayolasa amboben qerbeRelais Zisasa,
ver Seinaxa stumari, vai vas dedas mtrisasa!~
[qxp XI:#27]
magram ara, “Siola da mTrexeli” iseTi kompoziciur-ideuri
mTlianobaa, rom saeWvoa, erTi romelime Tema dominirebdes masSi. aq
dgas, ra Tqma unda, Rirsebis problema _ Seuracxyofili vaJkacis
Rirsebisa, romelsac Tavisi moymeobis ukanasknel (cxeni ukve gaiRo)
atributs arTmeven (“ar daiSala, gadaswvda mxarT nadebs mSvildsa
rqisasa”, aq ar SeiZleba ar mogvagondes yivCaRis moZaladuri moZraoba:
`mozidna nawnavs Tmisasa~), Seuracxyofili maspinZlis Rirsebisa,
romelsac stumari moukles (Tema, romelic vaJas geniam poemad aqcia);
tradiciiT Semagrebul-gamarTlebuli Surisgebis dauokebeli Jini
(“ganrisxebas Rgon xTisasa”); mkvlelis, Tundac sakuTari sicocxlis
aradCamgdebis, pirveli reaqcia, Tavi Seafaros tradiciiT kurTxeul
adgilebSi, eklesia iqneba Tu keria Tundac moklulis dis saxlSi (“dao,
ver Saminaxavdi, cxonebas Seni Zmisasa”?); keriis mfarvelobiTi Zala,
Surisgebis grZnobis mZleveli (“wamodo, Sao da bnelo, Tu suls vaameb
mkvdrisasa”)...
da mainc unda vTqvaT, rom am baladaSi TvalSi sacemia is ganaCeni,
rac gamotanilia hubrisis winaaRmdeg: mas aqvs Tavisi mwvervali, apogea,
romlis Semdeg iwyeba SeumCneveli dacema da uecari kraxi. amasve
gadmogvcems TorRva Zaganis cxovreba, romelsac baladaSi aRzevebisa da
dacemis klasikuri saxe aqvs micemuli.
mainc ra aris mTavari? iqneb mTavari moqmedi aq droa, is droJami,
romelic gadis snoSi im sabediswero isris gasrolidan ukanasknel
TavSesaframde, romelmac mainc ver Seifara mkvleli? es dro, avsili
egzistencialuri substanciiT, sadac erTni arian devnili (”daelnebas
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