qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
(yuvi, amaze qvemoT) da droisa da adgilis erTianobis, siuJetis ganuStoeblobis principi, aramed, rac mTavaria, myari eTnografiuli tradicia. saqme is aris, rom dedas xevsuruli etiketiT ekrZaleba Svilze (da qmarze) sajarod tirili (amaze qvemoT, ix. xmiT natirlebi). “iareboda dedai tiriliT, Tvalcremliani” sruliad warmoudgenelia xevsurul (fSauri ukve itans) tradiciul sinamdvileSi. amitom vfiqrob, rom es damateba garRvevaa tradiciaSi, rac SeiZleboda axali tradiciis dasabami yofiliyo, magram ase ar moxda. dRemde xevsureTSi ar moipoveba dedis xmiT natirlebi, gansxvavebiT fSavisa, sadac am kdemamosil tradicias didixnis winaT Seudga wyali. Tu davukvirdebiT, meore kari baladisa xuTi met-naklebad dasrulebuli monakveTisgan Sedgeba. Segubebulia TiTqos erTmaneTi Tanamimdevruli zRurblebiT baladis erTiani sunTqva. pirvel monakveTSi erTurTis daxocvis faqtia aRniSnuli (“imaT daxoces erTurTi”), momdevno monakveTebSi avtori miubrundeba Serkinebis peripetiebs da sxvadasxvagvarad gadmocems maT. pirvelad deda umisamarTod iambobs ambavs: “Cem Svils gzad vefxvi Sahyria...” meoreSi deda daWril(?) Svils, jerac cocxals, wylulebis uxvevs (es lapsusia Tu uCveulo metabole?); mesameSi: wina monakveTSi gacveTili xmali aq bolos uRebs vefxvs: “xmalma dakuwa Zvalia”, orTabrZola mTavrdeba da dedac amTavrebs tirils: “magis mets aRar gitireb...” da moulodnelad yovelgvari tradiciis sawinaaRmdegod gaismis: “Sen ar xar satiralia”. meoTxeSi kvlav Tavidan iwyeba Serkineba dedis sizmarSi: “xan vefxvi, xan Tavis Svili elandeboda mZinarsa”; mexuTeSi moymis deda midis vefxvis dedasTan da, unda movlodebodiT, rom deda kvlav wamoiwyebda Setakebis ambis moyolas. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, TiToeuli monakveTi Tavis sakuTar yuvzea gawyobili ise, rom baladis yuvi arc erTSi ar meordeba. es bunebrivia, ramdenadac damoukidebeli monakveTi Tavis riTmas moiTxovs. gagrZeleba mTlianad ar aris mowyvetili xalxur tradicias: aq gvxvdeba SesaniSnavi striqoni, romelic arcTu Soreulad epaeqreba yornis yofiT-saRazrovan, uaresic, obivatelur daskvnas. Tu yornisTvis “orniv yofilan uWkoni”, “vefxisa da moymis” meore mgosani dedis piriT saqveynod acxadebs moymeTa kodeqsis upirveles WeSmaritebas: “arc vefxvi iyo jabani, arc Cem Svil Saxvda Wkviani”. Wkviani aq jabanis sinonimia. amdenad, `Wkviani moyme~ winaaRmdegobrivi cnebaa. saxels da didebas mxolod saRi azris sawinaaRmdegod mavalni ipoveben. Wkvianni iseve ver miswvdebian didebas da saxels, rogorc “vefxistyaosnis” saRvTo mijnurobas (“Wkvianni ver mixvdebian”). analogia, oRond mutatis mutandis, aSkaraa. savsebiT platonuri mantizmis (siSmagis) konteqstSi, roca dionisuri sawyisi adamianis aqtivobis gansxvavebul sferoebze vrceldeba. `Siola da mTrexeli~ 192
amdenadme gansxvavebulia sxva sagmiro baladebisgan, Tumca ar SeiZleba darwmunebuli viyoT, rom igi sagmiro xasiaTisaa, ramdenadac orTabrZola (Tu am Setakebas orTabrZolad CavTvliT) aq mTavari Tema ar aris. balada mravalmxriv aris saintereso: pirvel, rigSi, is istoriuli dokumentia, romelic konkretuli, cocxali SemTxveviT (xdomilebiT) gvisuraTebs saqarTvelos mTaSi Seqmnil situcias zurab erisTavis xanaSi. Siola, erTi gabudayebuli gvaris warmomadgeneli, aragvis erisTavis partikularistuli mcdelobebis dasayrdenia xevSi. hubrisi, rogorc wesi, tragikulad mTavrdeba da Siolas aRsasrulic amgvaria. tragediis arsi moulodnelobaSic, mowinaaRmdege Zalis gauTvaliswineblobaSic mdgomareobs. Siola im mxridan nasroli isris msxverpli xdeba, saidanac naklebad moeloda. ase iRupeba gabudayebuli TorRva Zaganic. magram, rogorc iTqva, es motivi aq ar aris mTavari. mTavari Tema TiTqos im samiode striqonSia gamoxatuli, romlebic daskvnis, erTgvari eqstrabaladuri sivrcidan gamosrolili SeZaxiliT, agvirgvinebs baladis teqsts: `amboben Camaqcevasa axalcixuris kldisasa, Tan Cayolasa amboben qerbeRelais Zisasa, ver Seinaxa stumari, vai vas dedas mtrisasa!~ [qxp XI:#27] magram ara, “Siola da mTrexeli” iseTi kompoziciur-ideuri mTlianobaa, rom saeWvoa, erTi romelime Tema dominirebdes masSi. aq dgas, ra Tqma unda, Rirsebis problema _ Seuracxyofili vaJkacis Rirsebisa, romelsac Tavisi moymeobis ukanasknel (cxeni ukve gaiRo) atributs arTmeven (“ar daiSala, gadaswvda mxarT nadebs mSvildsa rqisasa”, aq ar SeiZleba ar mogvagondes yivCaRis moZaladuri moZraoba: `mozidna nawnavs Tmisasa~), Seuracxyofili maspinZlis Rirsebisa, romelsac stumari moukles (Tema, romelic vaJas geniam poemad aqcia); tradiciiT Semagrebul-gamarTlebuli Surisgebis dauokebeli Jini (“ganrisxebas Rgon xTisasa”); mkvlelis, Tundac sakuTari sicocxlis aradCamgdebis, pirveli reaqcia, Tavi Seafaros tradiciiT kurTxeul adgilebSi, eklesia iqneba Tu keria Tundac moklulis dis saxlSi (“dao, ver Saminaxavdi, cxonebas Seni Zmisasa”?); keriis mfarvelobiTi Zala, Surisgebis grZnobis mZleveli (“wamodo, Sao da bnelo, Tu suls vaameb mkvdrisasa”)... da mainc unda vTqvaT, rom am baladaSi TvalSi sacemia is ganaCeni, rac gamotanilia hubrisis winaaRmdeg: mas aqvs Tavisi mwvervali, apogea, romlis Semdeg iwyeba SeumCneveli dacema da uecari kraxi. amasve gadmogvcems TorRva Zaganis cxovreba, romelsac baladaSi aRzevebisa da dacemis klasikuri saxe aqvs micemuli. mainc ra aris mTavari? iqneb mTavari moqmedi aq droa, is droJami, romelic gadis snoSi im sabediswero isris gasrolidan ukanasknel TavSesaframde, romelmac mainc ver Seifara mkvleli? es dro, avsili egzistencialuri substanciiT, sadac erTni arian devnili (”daelnebas 193
- Page 141 and 142: gilgameSiani: gilgameSiani, Zveli S
- Page 143 and 144: mekvleTa, doRis dalocvisas; jvarSi
- Page 145 and 146: xucesis, rogorc Suamavlis roli, kar
- Page 147 and 148: kuretni. maSin mqond Zali-d’ SaZl
- Page 149 and 150: medges loginni CardaxSiao. abuleTau
- Page 151 and 152: calke qmedeba _ aseTia Selocvis pri
- Page 153 and 154: abaia Taba Tabaia ieso da lasaria
- Page 155 and 156: aris, rom oqros savarcxliT Tmas iva
- Page 157 and 158: `_ mariav, ras tiri, ras Civi, ras
- Page 159 and 160: “Semkulni” arian yvela im atrib
- Page 161 and 162: egresem iosi erivane da iona iosave
- Page 163 and 164: warmomTqmelic. Tuki arsebobs raime
- Page 165 and 166: a aris Sroma, Tu mas mxolod ekonomi
- Page 167 and 168: simRerebis fragmentebi an maTi ubra
- Page 169 and 170: Sromis procesis winamZRoli da, alba
- Page 171 and 172: gegonebaT, mTeli sofeli qeifobso. a
- Page 173 and 174: [qxp X:426]. momkeli yovelTvis imar
- Page 175 and 176: aayena! isxa, isxa, isxa... gamoRma
- Page 177 and 178: `Tqveni WirimeT, matiralono, Cven d
- Page 179 and 180: celi galesa qasuriTa, meore namxrev
- Page 181 and 182: xundi gigorams giSrisa, ari aralo,
- Page 183 and 184: is, rac man sicocxlis wil moipova,
- Page 185 and 186: kaimoymeoba, rac Tavad moymisTvis d
- Page 187 and 188: amtvrevs kbiliTa”). magram sul ma
- Page 189 and 190: `axiels TeTrsa cixesa Cardaxi Camos
- Page 191: Sua gzas SamaaRamda, dron iyvnen Su
- Page 195 and 196: es misi daRupvis gare mxarea. Temi
- Page 197 and 198: SauZaxnebav xTisad: RmerTo, Sen nu
- Page 199 and 200: TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli mon
- Page 201 and 202: Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, beTqilisa da ja
- Page 203 and 204: odesac folkloruli Janrebis yofiToba
- Page 205 and 206: omelsac araferi aqvs saerTo yofiT q
- Page 207 and 208: sazogadoebrivi Cumi kontroli im dau
- Page 209 and 210: dadasturebulia am fabulis uZvelesi
- Page 211 and 212: alada mecxvaris siyvarulze mravalmx
- Page 213 and 214: miemarTa misTvis: “netavi, qalo l
- Page 215 and 216: mTasa zeda sionsa~ (gam. 14:1), `es
- Page 217 and 218: oselaiZev...~), moxsenebuli, meoreS
- Page 219 and 220: micvalebulis win. STagonebis wyaro,
- Page 221 and 222: axloblobis iseTi kategoriaa, romelT
- Page 223 and 224: Soreuli molodiniT, rom Tavad maszec
- Page 225 and 226: moklulis pirovnebiT aris dakavebuli
- Page 227 and 228: dawyvilebulia es ori saqmianoba da
- Page 229 and 230: omlebic uqorwineblad gardaicvalnen.
- Page 231 and 232: ogorc enaSi arsebobs sinonimebi (Tu
- Page 233 and 234: moyvare-mteri, cxadi-dafaruli, Sene
- Page 235 and 236: puSkini. osianis italiuri Targmani
- Page 237 and 238: ogorc erTi saerTo fuZe-enidan warmo
- Page 239 and 240: mniSvneloba aqvs, rom rac dRes xalx
- Page 241 and 242: kokiara 1960: Коккьяра Дж
(yuvi, amaze qvemoT) da droisa da adgilis erTianobis, siuJetis<br />
ganuStoeblobis principi, aramed, rac mTavaria, myari eTnografiuli<br />
tradicia. saqme is aris, rom dedas xevsuruli etiketiT ekrZaleba<br />
Svilze (da qmarze) sajarod tirili (amaze qvemoT, ix. xmiT natirlebi).<br />
“iareboda dedai tiriliT, Tvalcremliani” sruliad warmoudgenelia<br />
xevsurul (fSauri ukve itans) tradiciul sinamdvileSi. amitom vfiqrob,<br />
rom es damateba garRvevaa tradiciaSi, rac SeiZleboda axali tradiciis<br />
dasabami yofiliyo, magram ase ar moxda. dRemde xevsureTSi ar moipoveba<br />
dedis xmiT natirlebi, gansxvavebiT fSavisa, sadac am kdemamosil<br />
tradicias didixnis winaT Seudga wyali.<br />
Tu davukvirdebiT, meore kari baladisa xuTi met-naklebad<br />
dasrulebuli monakveTisgan Sedgeba. Segubebulia TiTqos erTmaneTi<br />
Tanamimdevruli zRurblebiT baladis erTiani sunTqva. pirvel<br />
monakveTSi erTurTis daxocvis faqtia aRniSnuli (“imaT daxoces<br />
erTurTi”), momdevno monakveTebSi avtori miubrundeba Serkinebis<br />
peripetiebs da sxvadasxvagvarad gadmocems maT. pirvelad deda<br />
umisamarTod iambobs ambavs: “Cem Svils gzad vefxvi Sahyria...” meoreSi<br />
deda daWril(?) Svils, jerac cocxals, wylulebis uxvevs (es lapsusia<br />
Tu uCveulo metabole?); mesameSi: wina monakveTSi gacveTili xmali aq<br />
bolos uRebs vefxvs: “xmalma dakuwa Zvalia”, orTabrZola mTavrdeba da<br />
dedac amTavrebs tirils: “magis mets aRar gitireb...” da moulodnelad<br />
yovelgvari tradiciis sawinaaRmdegod gaismis: “Sen ar xar satiralia”.<br />
meoTxeSi kvlav Tavidan iwyeba Serkineba dedis sizmarSi: “xan vefxvi, xan<br />
Tavis Svili elandeboda mZinarsa”; mexuTeSi moymis deda midis vefxvis<br />
dedasTan da, unda movlodebodiT, rom deda kvlav wamoiwyebda Setakebis<br />
ambis moyolas.<br />
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, TiToeuli monakveTi Tavis sakuTar<br />
yuvzea gawyobili ise, rom baladis yuvi arc erTSi ar meordeba. es<br />
bunebrivia, ramdenadac damoukidebeli monakveTi Tavis riTmas moiTxovs.<br />
gagrZeleba mTlianad ar aris mowyvetili xalxur tradicias: aq<br />
gvxvdeba SesaniSnavi striqoni, romelic arcTu Soreulad epaeqreba<br />
yornis yofiT-saRazrovan, uaresic, obivatelur daskvnas. Tu yornisTvis<br />
“orniv yofilan uWkoni”, “vefxisa da moymis” meore mgosani dedis piriT<br />
saqveynod acxadebs moymeTa kodeqsis upirveles WeSmaritebas:<br />
“arc vefxvi iyo jabani, arc Cem Svil Saxvda Wkviani”.<br />
Wkviani aq jabanis sinonimia. amdenad, `Wkviani moyme~<br />
winaaRmdegobrivi cnebaa. saxels da didebas mxolod saRi azris<br />
sawinaaRmdegod mavalni ipoveben. Wkvianni iseve ver miswvdebian didebas<br />
da saxels, rogorc “vefxistyaosnis” saRvTo mijnurobas (“Wkvianni ver<br />
mixvdebian”). analogia, oRond mutatis mutandis, aSkaraa. savsebiT platonuri<br />
mantizmis (siSmagis) konteqstSi, roca dionisuri sawyisi adamianis<br />
aqtivobis gansxvavebul sferoebze vrceldeba.<br />
`Siola da mTrexeli~<br />
192
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