qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
omelmac kulminacias XVII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi miaRwia. es iyo zurab aragvis erisTavTan brZolebis xana anu, rogorc mexsierebam Semoinaxa, “sisxlis wvimebis” xana. saymoTa epiuri (sagmiro leqsTa cikli qmnis “Tavisufal” eposs) xsovna ar scildeba am epoqas; “sisxlis wvimebis” xana aris is zRurbli, romlis miRma miTologiuri samyaroSi SevdivarT. brZolebi monawileoben saymoTa genezSi da xels uwyoben warsulis miTologizacias. RvTisSvilTa brZola devebis winaaRmdeg saymoTaTvis teritoriis mosapoveblad, rac miTologiuri eposis dedaazrs Seadgens, Tavis mxriv, “sisxlis wvimebis” eposis arqetipi xdeba. aqtebi, rac Caidines RvTisSvilebma “mas Jamsa Sina”, meordeba saymoSi axla da aq, maT Tvalwin. RvTisSvili meomris, “kai ymis” etaloni xdeba. saymos brZolebi RvTisSvilTa arqetipuli brZolebis paradigmebia. simRere anu balada. sagmiro leqss, rasac misi Sesrulebis wesis mixedviT xevsureTSi simReres uwodeben, safuZvlad realuri sabrZolo SemTxveva udevs anu asaxavs realurad momxdar faqts, hyavs mTavar gmirad yovelTvis realuri piri, romelsac icnobda saymo piradad an gadmocemiT. saymo agreTve informirebulia momxdari ambis detalebiT. man icis an SeiZleba icodes imaze meti, ramac leqsSi hpova asaxva. leqsis codnas Tan axlavs momxdari ambis codna andrezis saxiT, uromlisodac gareSeTaTvis leqsis Sinaarsi bundovani xdeba da, SeiZleba, simZafresac kargavdes. sxva kuTxeSi leqsis gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi ikargeba misi mikrosamyaros codna, leqsis daRupuli gmiri kargavs realurobas da mis saxelsac xSirad sxva, ufro gasagebi da kargad nacnobi saxeli enacvleba. aRar vlaparakobT im soflis metyvelebis Taviseburebebze, sadac Seiqmna leqsi. cxadia, cudad gagebul sityvas mimgvanebuli sityva cvlis. anu, am SemTxvevaSi mTeli ZaliT aris amoqmedebuli xzlsuri Semoqmedebis variantulobis gardauvali kanoni. sagmiro leqsi, romelsac Cven SegviZlia balada vuwodoT, rogorc wesi, orTabrZolazea agebuli. vin aris misi mTavari gmiri? mTavari gmiria is, vinc iRupeba orTabrZolaSi. gmiri iRupeba, kargavs sicocxles, magram ixveWs saxels. misi da sazogadoebis principia “sjobs saxelisa moxveWa yovelsa mosaxveWelsa”. sikvdili da saxeli _ sikvdili is zRvaria, romlis iqiT gmiri gadadis saxelis saufloSi. mxolod sikvdilSi gamarjvebas SeuZlia moutanos mas saxeli. cocxali gmiri winaaRmdegobrivi cnebaa da swored amitom aris, rom uklebliv yvela sagmiro simRere-balada mebrZolis sikvdiliT mTavrdeba da es sikvdili saxeliania. amrigad, sagmiro baladaSi gadmocemulia gmiris ukanaskneli Jami, igi Cayenebulia sikvdil-sicocxlis mijnaze, sazRurblo situaciaSi, roca unda gadawydes misi bedi, romelsac is qmnis aq da axla, am wamebSi. am dros, aq gmiri ekuTvnis Tavis Tavs, is batonobs droJamze, marTavs mas. mas araferi darCenia, garda sakuTari sicocxlisa, romlis marTva da gawirva mas SeuZlia sxva, ufro maRali (mis da sazogadoebis TvalSi) RirebulebisTvis. sococxle, romelic mieca, man icis, waerTmeva, magram 182
is, rac man sicocxlis wil moipova, arasodes waerTmeva mas, “romeli arasada mieRos misgan” (luka 10:42). es is wamebia, roca gmiri srulad avlens Tavis egzistencias, TiTqos aq jamdeba misi mTeli cxovreba. am dros gamoricxuli unda iyos SemTxveviToba, rac mas SeuSlida xels sikvdiliT saxelis mopovebaSi. Cvens winaSea SiSveli adamiani Tavisi erTaderTiT, rac aris misi sicocxle, da arCevaniT. amitomac simRere ukiduresad lakonuria da, rac mTavaria, yvelaferi danaxulia ara gareSe, aramed misi TvaliT. simRere-baladis agebuleba martivia: eqspozicia _ gmiris Semoyvana TxrobaSi; Tumca simRere SeiZleba daiwyos mowyvetiT (“fxoveli da Savaneli”); Sexvedra, SebrZoleba, aRsasruli. SeiZleba mas axldes “daskvna”, eqstrasiuJeturi monakveTi, sadac gadmocemulia daRupuli gmiris erTgvari Sefaseba, Seqeba an datireba Tu gamoZaxili mis sikvdilze. (ix. “ioneuri”). simReres personaJTa minimumi ori piria, iSviaTad erTi (“baRaTera”), Segvxvdeba samic (“Siola da mTrexeli”). gavecnoT umokles baladas ara mxolod qarTul, aramed msoflio baladebs Soris. es aris “fxoveli da Savaneli”, romelsac pirvelad vxvdebiT Tedo razikaSvilis CanawerebSi (am variantSi igi Svidstriqoniania): `erTi vaJkaci fxoveli, Savwyals saomrad dadgao, adga da Sin wamovida, gzas Savaneli Saxvdao. CaWres, Cakafes erTurTi, maSveli aRar SaSCao. ciTa movida yorani, magaT nakvalevs daxyvao. jera daiTvra sisxliTa, mere leS Wama, gaZRao. adga da isev wavida, magaT vaglaxi dascao: „orniv yofilan uWkoni, erTm mainc rad ar dasTmao?!“ [qxp IV: #252] Canawers axlavs Camweris SeniSvna: “me amaTi vera gavige ra: vin iyo Savaneli an sadauri...” yvelas, mis wamkiTxvels es sityvebi aRmoxdeba. vin aris Savaneli? vin aris fxoveli? vis ucdida Savwyalze fxoveli? Savanels Tu sxva vinmes? risTvis “CaWres-Cakafes erTurTi”? leqsi bundovania, Tumca bundovaneba ara Tu rames aklebs mas, aramed SeiZleba aZlierebdes kidec STabeWdilebas. T. razikaSvili sxva rames gulisxmobs, roca ambobs, “me amaTi vera gavige rao”. Camwers veraviTari cnoba ver moupovebia simReres personaJebze, andrezi ar SemorCenila im viTarebis amsaxveli, Tu ra iyo mizezi maTi sabediswero Serkinebisa, Seurigeblobisa. Cans, imdenad mowyvetila Tavis garemos es simRere, rom daviwyebas miscemia monawileTa sakuTari saxelebi, maTi vinaobidan aRmniSvnelad warmomavlobis saxelebiRa SemorCenila (fxoveli fxovidan, Savaneli Savanidan, qistebis erT-erTi Temidan). es balada, Tumca is sityvierad Zalze Zunwia, rogorc embrioni, moicavs sagmiro leqsis yvela elements, rac sxva leqsebSi sxvadasxva variaciebiT iSleba. es exeba, rogorc mis formalur mxares, ise arsebiTs, ideur Sinaarss. leqsi gawyobilia erT riTmaze, rogorc xevsurulad ityvian erT “yuvze”. yovel striqonSi TiTo kadria 183
- Page 131 and 132: RmerTi jer kidev masTan aris, jer k
- Page 133 and 134: sityviTa da saqmiT, amas `leqsis~ b
- Page 135 and 136: moyvare da xalxisagan Seyvarebuli,
- Page 137 and 138: cixeSi Casves. ramdenime wlis Semde
- Page 139 and 140: kvla ar Camideniao. Tu mamiklavs, r
- Page 141 and 142: gilgameSiani: gilgameSiani, Zveli S
- Page 143 and 144: mekvleTa, doRis dalocvisas; jvarSi
- Page 145 and 146: xucesis, rogorc Suamavlis roli, kar
- Page 147 and 148: kuretni. maSin mqond Zali-d’ SaZl
- Page 149 and 150: medges loginni CardaxSiao. abuleTau
- Page 151 and 152: calke qmedeba _ aseTia Selocvis pri
- Page 153 and 154: abaia Taba Tabaia ieso da lasaria
- Page 155 and 156: aris, rom oqros savarcxliT Tmas iva
- Page 157 and 158: `_ mariav, ras tiri, ras Civi, ras
- Page 159 and 160: “Semkulni” arian yvela im atrib
- Page 161 and 162: egresem iosi erivane da iona iosave
- Page 163 and 164: warmomTqmelic. Tuki arsebobs raime
- Page 165 and 166: a aris Sroma, Tu mas mxolod ekonomi
- Page 167 and 168: simRerebis fragmentebi an maTi ubra
- Page 169 and 170: Sromis procesis winamZRoli da, alba
- Page 171 and 172: gegonebaT, mTeli sofeli qeifobso. a
- Page 173 and 174: [qxp X:426]. momkeli yovelTvis imar
- Page 175 and 176: aayena! isxa, isxa, isxa... gamoRma
- Page 177 and 178: `Tqveni WirimeT, matiralono, Cven d
- Page 179 and 180: celi galesa qasuriTa, meore namxrev
- Page 181: xundi gigorams giSrisa, ari aralo,
- Page 185 and 186: kaimoymeoba, rac Tavad moymisTvis d
- Page 187 and 188: amtvrevs kbiliTa”). magram sul ma
- Page 189 and 190: `axiels TeTrsa cixesa Cardaxi Camos
- Page 191 and 192: Sua gzas SamaaRamda, dron iyvnen Su
- Page 193 and 194: amdenadme gansxvavebulia sxva sagmi
- Page 195 and 196: es misi daRupvis gare mxarea. Temi
- Page 197 and 198: SauZaxnebav xTisad: RmerTo, Sen nu
- Page 199 and 200: TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli mon
- Page 201 and 202: Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, beTqilisa da ja
- Page 203 and 204: odesac folkloruli Janrebis yofiToba
- Page 205 and 206: omelsac araferi aqvs saerTo yofiT q
- Page 207 and 208: sazogadoebrivi Cumi kontroli im dau
- Page 209 and 210: dadasturebulia am fabulis uZvelesi
- Page 211 and 212: alada mecxvaris siyvarulze mravalmx
- Page 213 and 214: miemarTa misTvis: “netavi, qalo l
- Page 215 and 216: mTasa zeda sionsa~ (gam. 14:1), `es
- Page 217 and 218: oselaiZev...~), moxsenebuli, meoreS
- Page 219 and 220: micvalebulis win. STagonebis wyaro,
- Page 221 and 222: axloblobis iseTi kategoriaa, romelT
- Page 223 and 224: Soreuli molodiniT, rom Tavad maszec
- Page 225 and 226: moklulis pirovnebiT aris dakavebuli
- Page 227 and 228: dawyvilebulia es ori saqmianoba da
- Page 229 and 230: omlebic uqorwineblad gardaicvalnen.
- Page 231 and 232: ogorc enaSi arsebobs sinonimebi (Tu
is, rac man sicocxlis wil moipova, arasodes waerTmeva mas, “romeli<br />
arasada mieRos misgan” (luka 10:42). es is wamebia, roca gmiri srulad<br />
avlens Tavis egzistencias, TiTqos aq jamdeba misi mTeli cxovreba. am<br />
dros gamoricxuli unda iyos SemTxveviToba, rac mas SeuSlida xels<br />
sikvdiliT saxelis mopovebaSi. Cvens winaSea SiSveli adamiani Tavisi<br />
erTaderTiT, rac aris misi sicocxle, da arCevaniT. amitomac simRere<br />
ukiduresad lakonuria da, rac mTavaria, yvelaferi danaxulia ara<br />
gareSe, aramed misi TvaliT.<br />
simRere-baladis agebuleba martivia: eqspozicia _ gmiris Semoyvana<br />
TxrobaSi; Tumca simRere SeiZleba daiwyos mowyvetiT (“fxoveli da<br />
Savaneli”); Sexvedra, SebrZoleba, aRsasruli. SeiZleba mas axldes<br />
“daskvna”, eqstrasiuJeturi monakveTi, sadac gadmocemulia daRupuli<br />
gmiris erTgvari Sefaseba, Seqeba an datireba Tu gamoZaxili mis<br />
sikvdilze. (ix. “ioneuri”). simReres personaJTa minimumi ori piria,<br />
iSviaTad erTi (“baRaTera”), Segvxvdeba samic (“Siola da mTrexeli”).<br />
gavecnoT umokles baladas ara mxolod qarTul, aramed msoflio<br />
baladebs Soris. es aris “fxoveli da Savaneli”, romelsac pirvelad<br />
vxvdebiT Tedo razikaSvilis CanawerebSi (am variantSi igi<br />
Svidstriqoniania):<br />
`erTi vaJkaci fxoveli, Savwyals saomrad dadgao,<br />
adga da Sin wamovida, gzas Savaneli Saxvdao.<br />
CaWres, Cakafes erTurTi, maSveli aRar SaSCao.<br />
ciTa movida yorani, magaT nakvalevs daxyvao.<br />
jera daiTvra sisxliTa, mere leS Wama, gaZRao.<br />
adga da isev wavida, magaT vaglaxi dascao:<br />
„orniv yofilan uWkoni, erTm mainc rad ar dasTmao?!“<br />
[qxp IV: #252]<br />
Canawers axlavs Camweris SeniSvna: “me amaTi vera gavige ra: vin iyo<br />
Savaneli an sadauri...” yvelas, mis wamkiTxvels es sityvebi aRmoxdeba. vin<br />
aris Savaneli? vin aris fxoveli? vis ucdida Savwyalze fxoveli?<br />
Savanels Tu sxva vinmes? risTvis “CaWres-Cakafes erTurTi”? leqsi<br />
bundovania, Tumca bundovaneba ara Tu rames aklebs mas, aramed SeiZleba<br />
aZlierebdes kidec STabeWdilebas. T. razikaSvili sxva rames<br />
gulisxmobs, roca ambobs, “me amaTi vera gavige rao”. Camwers veraviTari<br />
cnoba ver moupovebia simReres personaJebze, andrezi ar SemorCenila im<br />
viTarebis amsaxveli, Tu ra iyo mizezi maTi sabediswero Serkinebisa,<br />
Seurigeblobisa. Cans, imdenad mowyvetila Tavis garemos es simRere, rom<br />
daviwyebas miscemia monawileTa sakuTari saxelebi, maTi vinaobidan<br />
aRmniSvnelad warmomavlobis saxelebiRa SemorCenila (fxoveli<br />
fxovidan, Savaneli Savanidan, qistebis erT-erTi Temidan).<br />
es balada, Tumca is sityvierad Zalze Zunwia, rogorc embrioni,<br />
moicavs sagmiro leqsis yvela elements, rac sxva leqsebSi sxvadasxva<br />
variaciebiT iSleba. es exeba, rogorc mis formalur mxares, ise<br />
arsebiTs, ideur Sinaarss. leqsi gawyobilia erT riTmaze, rogorc<br />
xevsurulad ityvian erT “yuvze”. yovel striqonSi TiTo kadria<br />
183
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