qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
amdenadac guTnisdedis instituti aRmosavlur-qarTuli realiaa, guTnuri simRerebic mxolod am regionSia gavrcelebuli. dasavleT saqarTveloSi koleqtiuri Sromis es saxeoba ucnobia. samagierod dasavlur tradiciaSi myarad aris damkvidrebuli naduri koleqtiuri Sromis gansxvavebuli tipis nadis Tanmxlebi repertuari, romelic Tavis arqaulobas gabmuli usityvo SeZaxilebiT da Taviseburi, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiiT gvimowmebs. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi dasavlur nads, rogorc SromaSi koleqtiuri daxmarebis saxes, mamiTadi Seesatyviseba, magram gansxvaveba TvalSisacemia: mamiTadisgan gansxvavebiT nadi ritualizebulia Tavisi dasawyisiT (ymawvilis nadSi mipatiJeba mowifulobis niSnad) da dasasruliT (nadis bolos nadis patronis ezoSi ToxebiT xis moWra). naduri Sroma erTgvarad sanaxaobiTia, Tumca mayurebeli ar hyavs da misi mizani masSivea, ara mis gareT _ sanaxaobisTvis. mas kanonikuri saxe aqvs: simRerebis Sesruleba damokidebulia dRis monakveTebze, samuSaos periodebze, dasawyisze da dasasrulze. repertuari sakmaod mdidaria, Seicavs oTxi Janris _ sawesCveulebo, sagmiro (dadasturebulia teqstebi `amiranianidan“ da xalxuri `vefxistyaosnidan“), sayofacxovrebo da satrfialo _ simRerebs. magram, rac mis specifikas Seadgens, es aris Sesrulebis manera: orad gayofili mSromelTa gundi monacvleobiT imeorebs SeZaxilebs, mere mTliani gundi erTsa da imave teqsts erTad warmoTqvams. aseTia guruli naduri, romelic sruldeba yanaSi muSaobis dros, iqneba es xvna-Tesva Tu margvla-Toxna (Romis Tu simindis). jgufebi erTmaneTs uxmoben, iwveven saSromlad, amxneveben. raRac dionisuri moismis am samxmian SeZaxilebSi: I xma: hoaa, oaa, ioa, haa, hooa! II xma: o, io, io, io, io, io, io! III xma: io, ooooo, io, ooooo! meore jgufi amasve gasZaxebs da, bolos, mTeli gundi erTxmad daagugunebs sam xmaze: I xma: odilei, oida, odilei, oida! II xma: io, io, io, uo, io, uo! III xma: io, io, io, io, io, io! [oqroSiZe:73]. bolos, movusmonoT arqanjelo lambertis, XVII saukunis italiel misioners, romelic ori aTeuli weli cxovrobda samegreloSi da koleqtiuri Sromis yvelaze adreuli, rac ki mogvepoveba, aRwera dagvitova: „...miwidan Tavs iCens Tu ara Romi, maSinve gamoToxna sWirdeba, radgan saqme saCqaroa da patroni Tavis kacebiT veRar ereva, mezoblebi unda moixmaros. vinc ukve dasTesa yana da Toxnas unda Seudges, iwvevs mosaxmareblad imaT, romelTac jer Toxnis dro ar dasdgomia. Tavis droze sxvebi amaT moexmarebian. radgan es didi Sroma saSinel sicxeSi unda aitanos kacma, mis gasaadvileblad iseTi xerxi mougoniaT, rom 170
gegonebaT, mTeli sofeli qeifobso. am xerxs Seadgens sami rame: nadi, simRera da uxvi saWmeli, romelsac mamulis patroni iZleva. xSirad nadi Sedgeba ormocdaaTi da samoci Carazmul mToxnelisagan. im dros rom gaamxnevos igini, patronic TavSi Caudgeba ToxiT da Toxnis, rogorc danarCenebi. simRera, romelic mohyveba nads, gamougoniaT marto imitom ki ara, rom mxiaruli kreba gaamxnevos, aramed imisaTvisac, rom imaT Cqara imuSaon. amisaTvis sagangebo simRera aqvT, romlis xmaze Toxnasac ise awyoben, rogorc sakravze cekvas: ramdenadac simReras aaCqareben, imdenad Toxnasac aaCqareben. amisaTvis TavSi dadgeba ori momRerali da iwyebs simReras. am meTaurebs erTi-orad eZleva ulufa imisaTvis, rom Toxna daaCqarebinos sxvebs. saWmeli sakmaod uxvi aqvT, radgan igia maTi Sromis erTaderTi fasi. dRis ganmavlobaSi samjer miutanen saWmels yanaSi. daRamebisas ki patronis saxlSi umzadeben vaxSams, romelic metad uxvia. am dros yovelsave dards muSaobis Sesaxeb Tavidan iSoreben, SuaRamemdis sxedan da dros atareben WamaSi, smaSi da simReraSi. ra mSvenieri sanaxavia, roca mzis Casvlisas Toxnas gaaTaveben da midian patronis saxlSi. TiTqos erTi droSis jariskacebiao, gaudviaT mxrebze Toxebi da eqvs Tu rva wyebad, nel-nela midian, Tan miimRerian da didis ambiT Sedian patronis ezoSi. aq Semovlen Tu ara, dasxdebian irgvliv da maSinve moutaneben saWmels“ [lamberti:51-52]. xelxvavi umTavresad dasavlur-qarTulia, radgan is sagangebod simindis rCevis dros sruldeba. magram ar unda vifiqroT, rom xelxvavi, rogorc Sromis simRera, simindis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis Semdeg (XVII saukunidan) Seqmniliyos. kompozitis meore sityva “xvavi” gvarwmunebs, rom xelxvavi mosavlis aRebis simRera unda yofiliyo da mxolod mogvianebiT daisakuTra simindma, roca igi wamyvani kultura gaxda dasavleT saqarTveloSi Romis Semdeg (da bolos Seenacvla kidec mas). siminds arCevs RamiT sagangebod mowveuli nadi samezoblodan, umTavresad dedrovani. ezoSi an kaloze sxdebian, rig-rigobiT yvebian zRaprebs, amboben leqsebs, mRerian sxvadasxva simRerebs, gansakuTrebiT, `xelxvavs”, romlis groteskuli, hiperbolaze agebuli Sinaarsi, iribad adasturebs mosavlis siuxves. folklorist Tamar oqroSiZes geguTSi es teqsti Cauweria, romelsac Tavisi dasasruliT sakulto sferoSi gadavyavarT: `xelxvavia, xelxvavia xelbaraqelao, RmerTo, mome mklavSi Zala, muxlSi Zala, xelbaraqelao. xelxvavia, xelxvavia xelbaraqelao. kurdRelsa SeSa moqonda, xelbaraqelao, asi uremi erTado, xelbaraqelao, ezoSi ver Camotia, xelbaraqelao, Robe motexa Sarisa, xelbaraqelao. miqeli da gabrieli, xelbaraqelao, yana mogvca xvavrieli, xelbaraqelao”. [oqroSiZe:79]. 171
- Page 119 and 120: eSmaki. abesalomi ar aris eSmakis t
- Page 121 and 122: P.S. Tavis dasawyisSi naxsenebi iyo
- Page 123 and 124: arsebiTi gansxvavebebic arsebobs (i
- Page 125 and 126: Strixebi mainc erTimeores emTxveva.
- Page 127 and 128: aq unda SeiniSnos, rom motacebis mi
- Page 129 and 130: a Zalam unda moabrunos Tavisuflebis
- Page 131 and 132: RmerTi jer kidev masTan aris, jer k
- Page 133 and 134: sityviTa da saqmiT, amas `leqsis~ b
- Page 135 and 136: moyvare da xalxisagan Seyvarebuli,
- Page 137 and 138: cixeSi Casves. ramdenime wlis Semde
- Page 139 and 140: kvla ar Camideniao. Tu mamiklavs, r
- Page 141 and 142: gilgameSiani: gilgameSiani, Zveli S
- Page 143 and 144: mekvleTa, doRis dalocvisas; jvarSi
- Page 145 and 146: xucesis, rogorc Suamavlis roli, kar
- Page 147 and 148: kuretni. maSin mqond Zali-d’ SaZl
- Page 149 and 150: medges loginni CardaxSiao. abuleTau
- Page 151 and 152: calke qmedeba _ aseTia Selocvis pri
- Page 153 and 154: abaia Taba Tabaia ieso da lasaria
- Page 155 and 156: aris, rom oqros savarcxliT Tmas iva
- Page 157 and 158: `_ mariav, ras tiri, ras Civi, ras
- Page 159 and 160: “Semkulni” arian yvela im atrib
- Page 161 and 162: egresem iosi erivane da iona iosave
- Page 163 and 164: warmomTqmelic. Tuki arsebobs raime
- Page 165 and 166: a aris Sroma, Tu mas mxolod ekonomi
- Page 167 and 168: simRerebis fragmentebi an maTi ubra
- Page 169: Sromis procesis winamZRoli da, alba
- Page 173 and 174: [qxp X:426]. momkeli yovelTvis imar
- Page 175 and 176: aayena! isxa, isxa, isxa... gamoRma
- Page 177 and 178: `Tqveni WirimeT, matiralono, Cven d
- Page 179 and 180: celi galesa qasuriTa, meore namxrev
- Page 181 and 182: xundi gigorams giSrisa, ari aralo,
- Page 183 and 184: is, rac man sicocxlis wil moipova,
- Page 185 and 186: kaimoymeoba, rac Tavad moymisTvis d
- Page 187 and 188: amtvrevs kbiliTa”). magram sul ma
- Page 189 and 190: `axiels TeTrsa cixesa Cardaxi Camos
- Page 191 and 192: Sua gzas SamaaRamda, dron iyvnen Su
- Page 193 and 194: amdenadme gansxvavebulia sxva sagmi
- Page 195 and 196: es misi daRupvis gare mxarea. Temi
- Page 197 and 198: SauZaxnebav xTisad: RmerTo, Sen nu
- Page 199 and 200: TiTqos unda gadmosces ganwiruli mon
- Page 201 and 202: Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, beTqilisa da ja
- Page 203 and 204: odesac folkloruli Janrebis yofiToba
- Page 205 and 206: omelsac araferi aqvs saerTo yofiT q
- Page 207 and 208: sazogadoebrivi Cumi kontroli im dau
- Page 209 and 210: dadasturebulia am fabulis uZvelesi
- Page 211 and 212: alada mecxvaris siyvarulze mravalmx
- Page 213 and 214: miemarTa misTvis: “netavi, qalo l
- Page 215 and 216: mTasa zeda sionsa~ (gam. 14:1), `es
- Page 217 and 218: oselaiZev...~), moxsenebuli, meoreS
- Page 219 and 220: micvalebulis win. STagonebis wyaro,
amdenadac guTnisdedis instituti aRmosavlur-<strong>qarTuli</strong> realiaa,<br />
guTnuri simRerebic mxolod am regionSia gavrcelebuli. dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi koleqtiuri Sromis es saxeoba ucnobia. samagierod<br />
dasavlur tradiciaSi myarad aris damkvidrebuli naduri koleqtiuri<br />
Sromis gansxvavebuli tipis nadis Tanmxlebi repertuari, romelic Tavis<br />
arqaulobas gabmuli usityvo SeZaxilebiT da Taviseburi, mxolod<br />
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiiT gvimowmebs. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi<br />
dasavlur nads, rogorc SromaSi koleqtiuri daxmarebis saxes, mamiTadi<br />
Seesatyviseba, magram gansxvaveba TvalSisacemia: mamiTadisgan gansxvavebiT<br />
nadi ritualizebulia Tavisi dasawyisiT (ymawvilis nadSi mipatiJeba<br />
mowifulobis niSnad) da dasasruliT (nadis bolos nadis patronis<br />
ezoSi ToxebiT xis moWra). naduri Sroma erTgvarad sanaxaobiTia, Tumca<br />
mayurebeli ar hyavs da misi mizani masSivea, ara mis gareT _<br />
sanaxaobisTvis. mas kanonikuri saxe aqvs: simRerebis Sesruleba<br />
damokidebulia dRis monakveTebze, samuSaos periodebze, dasawyisze da<br />
dasasrulze. repertuari sakmaod mdidaria, Seicavs oTxi Janris _<br />
sawesCveulebo, sagmiro (dadasturebulia teqstebi `amiranianidan“ da<br />
xalxuri `vefxistyaosnidan“), sayofacxovrebo da satrfialo _<br />
simRerebs. magram, rac mis specifikas Seadgens, es aris Sesrulebis<br />
manera: orad gayofili mSromelTa gundi monacvleobiT imeorebs<br />
SeZaxilebs, mere mTliani gundi erTsa da imave teqsts erTad<br />
warmoTqvams. aseTia guruli naduri, romelic sruldeba yanaSi muSaobis<br />
dros, iqneba es xvna-Tesva Tu margvla-Toxna (Romis Tu simindis).<br />
jgufebi erTmaneTs uxmoben, iwveven saSromlad, amxneveben. raRac<br />
dionisuri moismis am samxmian SeZaxilebSi:<br />
I xma: hoaa, oaa, ioa, haa, hooa!<br />
II xma: o, io, io, io, io, io, io!<br />
III xma: io, ooooo, io, ooooo!<br />
meore jgufi amasve gasZaxebs da, bolos, mTeli gundi erTxmad<br />
daagugunebs sam xmaze:<br />
I xma: odilei, oida, odilei, oida!<br />
II xma: io, io, io, uo, io, uo!<br />
III xma: io, io, io, io, io, io!<br />
[oqroSiZe:73].<br />
bolos, movusmonoT arqanjelo lambertis, XVII saukunis italiel<br />
misioners, romelic ori aTeuli weli cxovrobda samegreloSi da<br />
koleqtiuri Sromis yvelaze adreuli, rac ki mogvepoveba, aRwera<br />
dagvitova:<br />
„...miwidan Tavs iCens Tu ara Romi, maSinve gamoToxna sWirdeba,<br />
radgan saqme saCqaroa da patroni Tavis kacebiT veRar ereva, mezoblebi<br />
unda moixmaros. vinc ukve dasTesa yana da Toxnas unda Seudges, iwvevs<br />
mosaxmareblad imaT, romelTac jer Toxnis dro ar dasdgomia. Tavis<br />
droze sxvebi amaT moexmarebian. radgan es didi Sroma saSinel sicxeSi<br />
unda aitanos kacma, mis gasaadvileblad iseTi xerxi mougoniaT, rom<br />
170
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