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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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vqsovdi qselsa oqros kedisasa. Camoiara uria qeTelma, SemTvala, Semyvala, Semagizinzila. gamiwyda qseli oqros kedisa, damcvinda mxari almasisa, damayrevina Tma giSrisa. miTxra qristema: _ nu stiri, deda maria, nu yri cremlsa margalitisasa! adeqi, aaduRe wyali, Cakari muguzali, avi TvaliT Semxedvares TvalSi nacari, gulSi Radari! wminda giorgis laxvari da bozali moxvda yiasa, amouvida Rliavsa!” [SioSvili:53]. gavaanalizoT es teqsti analogiuri teqstebis (sadac aseve deda mariamia mTavari personaJi) moSveliebiT. deda mariami avi Tvalis msxverplia, ufro sworad, gaTvalulia uria qeTelis avi mzeriT misi Sromis nayofi _ qseli. sxva SelocvebSi dasaxelebuli wiTel-yviTeli an mwvane abreSumis samoseli, rac cxadia, arsebiT gansxvavebas ar qmnis. deda mariami warmodgenilia, rogorc arqetipi, romelic pirvelad xdeba gaTvalvis msxverpli da pirveladve ganaqarvebs mas ritualuri qmedebiT, romelic Selocvis teqstSivea gamJRavnebuli (muguzlis Cayra mduRare wyalSi), rac arcTu xSiri SemTxvevaa. yvela gaTvaluli asrulebs deda mariamis qmedebas. SeiZleba isic vifiqroT, rom misi antagonisti uria qeTeli, rogorc aseve arqetipi, yoveli konkretuli gaTvalvis gamomwvevia. sagulisxmoa adgili, sadac Sromobs deda mariami. es aris taZari, sadac apokrifis (iakobis protosaxareba) Tanaxmad, rva wlis mariami Seyvanili iqna da cxovrobda iq. wmida legendis Tanaxmadve, aq aris moqsovili kvarTi, romelic qristes emosa. ra Tqma unda, Selocvis teqstSi yofiT logikas ar unda veZebdeT. mTavari aq is aris, rom gaTvalvisgan daxsnis xerxi qristesgan modis, rac unda aZlierebdes Selocvis qmediTobis avtoritets. mrCevelis rolSi zogan miqel-gabrieli gamodis, rac kidev ufro aaxloebs teqsts pirvelwyarosTan (gabrielia is mTavarangelozi, romelmac axara mariams RvTis Zis mucladReba). rogorc vxedavT, am tipis Selocva, sadac mariamia mTavari personaJi, Tavidan bolomde _ preambulidan (“saxeliTa RvTiTa...”) dawyebuli SedegiT (`wminda giorgis laxvari da bozali”) damTavrebuli, mTlianad qristianuli elementebiTa da realiebiT aris SeZerwili. zogan deda mariami oqros skamze zis, an samoTxis karze, an gzajvaredinze da tiris, misi cremlebi margalitebia (`rasa yri cremlsa margalitisasa”), misi saqmianoba qsovaa _ qalis saqmianobis Tavi da Tavi. is arTavda `qselsa Zoweulisasa, iSlida Tmasa broweulisasa” an `samoselsa vqsovdi wiTlisasa, yviTlisasa. rac Seexeba Tmis gaSlas, SeiZleba gavixsenoT ingilouri legenda wmida mariamze, romelic Svid weliwadSi erTxel gamodis gamoqvabulidan da misi pirveli moqmedeba is 154

aris, rom oqros savarcxliT Tmas ivarcxnis. qselis qsova (Tu qselva) da Tmis varcxna, rogorc qaluri aqtebi, damaxasiaTebelia xalxuri deda mariamisTvis. Tumca, rogorc gabriel episkoposs (qiqoZes) qadagebaSi uTqvams, romeliRac Zvel eklesiaSi arsebula RvTismSoblis freska, sadac deda-mariami TiTistariT arTavs matylis Zafs (cnoba momyavs ilia WavWavaZis sityvidan, romelic man warmoTqva gelaTSi gabriel episkoposis dabadebis dRes [WavWavaZe 1987:421). mariami, rogorc qslis mbeWavi an, Tundac mqsoveli, apokrifulia. mariams xelSi TiTistari sWeria, roca mTavarangelozi gabrieli gamoecxada. gadmocemiT, am qselisgan moqsova man ukerveli kvarTi uflisa. boroti Zala Slis mis naqsovs da navarcxns. SeniSvna. “mrTveli RvTismSoblis” saxe niSandoblivia rusuli SelocvebisTvis: igi oqros TiTistariT arTavs Zafs, rasac samkurnalo SelocvebSi sisxlis Semdedebeli «Пресвятая мать бугородица на залатую пряслицу пряла, нитку атарвала, кроу завизала», xolo samonadiroSi mxecebis damWeri Zala aqvs: «...а прядет нити ... на белых зверей, на белых зайцев, на красных лисиц...» [petrovi:105]. Selocvis teqsti iZleva deda mariamis portretsac: “Tvalni mesxa giSrisa, kbili _ margalitisa”, rasac ziani adgeba kvlav Surismgebeli uria xeTelisgan: `Semoeswro qeTela uriam, seli Cauwyvita Zoweulisa, Tvalebi daayrevina giSrisa, kbili _ margalitisa”. mis aqsesuarebad gamoCndeba: oqros skamze mjdar mariams win `edga Wiqa minisa, Sig edga wyali vardisa”, rasac aseve ziani miadgeba borotisgan. Selocvis teqsti imeds iZleva: `gagemarTeba qseli Zoweulisani, Tmani broweulisani, wyali vardisani”, rac Tavis mxriv, zianis (kerZod, gaTvalvis) moxsnis garantiaa. Tumca SevxvdebiT Selocvas, sadac RvTismSobeli misTvis uCveulo qmedebis avtoria: `Camaiara qristes dedam mariamma, Camamiglija qseli Zoweuli, koka wamiqcia vercxlis wyliani” [SioSvili:45] . magram ZiriTadad, deda mariami vnebulia, mas Semwe esaWiroeba da isic gamoCndeba _ es ieso qristea. `modioda qriste RmerTi, ijda kviczed uxednarzed. gedixeda qveda qveyanaze: _ neta rasi zivilia, neta rasi kivilia? aravin atirebdes qvrivsao, arc aravin iklebdes obols mwirsao. _ ara, mama, Ze da sulo wmindao, arc aravin atirebs qvrivsao, arc aravin iklebs obols mwirsao. deda mariams Wvali asvia, misi zivilia, misi kivilia. _ TviT mosruli kanafi gadagrixe, gadmogrixe, gadaacvi maxaTsa, is gauqrobs Wvalsa” 155

vqsovdi qselsa oqros kedisasa.<br />

Camoiara uria qeTelma,<br />

SemTvala, Semyvala, Semagizinzila.<br />

gamiwyda qseli oqros kedisa,<br />

damcvinda mxari almasisa,<br />

damayrevina Tma giSrisa.<br />

miTxra qristema:<br />

_ nu stiri, deda maria, nu yri cremlsa margalitisasa!<br />

adeqi, aaduRe wyali, Cakari muguzali,<br />

avi TvaliT Semxedvares TvalSi nacari, gulSi Radari!<br />

wminda giorgis laxvari da bozali<br />

moxvda yiasa, amouvida Rliavsa!”<br />

[SioSvili:53].<br />

gavaanalizoT es teqsti analogiuri teqstebis (sadac aseve deda<br />

mariamia mTavari personaJi) moSveliebiT. deda mariami avi Tvalis<br />

msxverplia, ufro sworad, gaTvalulia uria qeTelis avi mzeriT misi<br />

Sromis nayofi _ qseli. sxva SelocvebSi dasaxelebuli wiTel-yviTeli<br />

an mwvane abreSumis samoseli, rac cxadia, arsebiT gansxvavebas ar qmnis.<br />

deda mariami warmodgenilia, rogorc arqetipi, romelic pirvelad xdeba<br />

gaTvalvis msxverpli da pirveladve ganaqarvebs mas ritualuri qmedebiT,<br />

romelic Selocvis teqstSivea gamJRavnebuli (muguzlis Cayra mduRare<br />

wyalSi), rac arcTu xSiri SemTxvevaa. yvela gaTvaluli asrulebs deda<br />

mariamis qmedebas. SeiZleba isic vifiqroT, rom misi antagonisti uria<br />

qeTeli, rogorc aseve arqetipi, yoveli konkretuli gaTvalvis<br />

gamomwvevia.<br />

sagulisxmoa adgili, sadac Sromobs deda mariami. es aris taZari,<br />

sadac apokrifis (iakobis protosaxareba) Tanaxmad, rva wlis mariami<br />

Seyvanili iqna da cxovrobda iq. wmida legendis Tanaxmadve, aq aris<br />

moqsovili kvarTi, romelic qristes emosa. ra Tqma unda, Selocvis<br />

teqstSi yofiT logikas ar unda veZebdeT. mTavari aq is aris, rom<br />

gaTvalvisgan daxsnis xerxi qristesgan modis, rac unda aZlierebdes<br />

Selocvis qmediTobis avtoritets.<br />

mrCevelis rolSi zogan miqel-gabrieli gamodis, rac kidev ufro<br />

aaxloebs teqsts pirvelwyarosTan (gabrielia is mTavarangelozi,<br />

romelmac axara mariams RvTis Zis mucladReba).<br />

rogorc vxedavT, am tipis Selocva, sadac mariamia mTavari<br />

personaJi, Tavidan bolomde _ preambulidan (“saxeliTa RvTiTa...”)<br />

dawyebuli SedegiT (`wminda giorgis laxvari da bozali”) damTavrebuli,<br />

mTlianad qristianuli elementebiTa da realiebiT aris SeZerwili.<br />

zogan deda mariami oqros skamze zis, an samoTxis karze, an<br />

gzajvaredinze da tiris, misi cremlebi margalitebia (`rasa yri cremlsa<br />

margalitisasa”), misi saqmianoba qsovaa _ qalis saqmianobis Tavi da Tavi.<br />

is arTavda `qselsa Zoweulisasa, iSlida Tmasa broweulisasa” an<br />

`samoselsa vqsovdi wiTlisasa, yviTlisasa. rac Seexeba Tmis gaSlas,<br />

SeiZleba gavixsenoT ingilouri legenda wmida mariamze, romelic Svid<br />

weliwadSi erTxel gamodis gamoqvabulidan da misi pirveli moqmedeba is<br />

154

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