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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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gabrieli), romelic mfarvelobs ama Tu im, saymod wodebul sazogadoebas. saymo da misi teritoria iTvleba winaistoriul xanaSi (“mas Jamsa Sina”) romelime jvarisa Tu RvTisSvilis mopovebulad da daarsebulad da ganagrZobs cxovrebas misi mfarvelobis qveS istoriul xanaSi. yoveli saymos, rogorc yovelTa miwierTa gangeba RvTis (“morige RmerTis”) xelSia, magram adamianebs, saymos uSualo (Tumca xucesis meSveobiT, romelic saymos warmomadgenelia) urTierToba jvarTan aqvs, morige RmerTis kari Sors aris, jvaris kari ki iqvea, sofelSi. saymo xucesis piriT elaparakeba jvars, xolo jvari qadagis piriT _ saymos, roca RvTis gangebas ucxadebs mas. es ormxrivi mimarTuleba _ saymodan morige RmerTisaken da morige RmerTidan saymosaken qmnis ori saxis sakulto teqstebis arsebobis pirobas. pirvelia saxuco anu xucesis warmosaTqmeli teqstebi, meore _ naqadagarni, qadagis mier warmoTqmuli teqstebi. I. saxuco teqstebi. am regionis sakulto teqstebs Soris gansakuTrebuli kanonikurobiT gamoirCeva xevsuruli xucobani. es is teqstebia, romelTac warmoTqvams xucesi sxvadasxva SemTxvevebis gamo jvaris karze. maTi adresati yovelTvis aris konkretuli jvari (RvTisSvili) an mTeli "panTeoni", mTeli erToblioba jvarTa morige RmerTis ufrosobiT. es teqstebi, rogorc wesi, Sedgeba garkveuli raodenobis stereotipuli sintagmisagan, romlebic mcireodeni saxecvlilebiT gadadis erTi teqstidan meore teqstSi. es cvlilebebi sruliad umniSvneloa, isini exeba sintaqsur mxares. mosalodneli unda yofiliyo stereotipul sintagmaTa gansazRvruli, kanonikurad dadgenili (tradiciiT ganmtkicebuli) Tanamimdevroba, rac arsebiTad dasturdeba kidec, magram es Tanamimdevroba yvelgan ar xorcieldeba. aseve, cxadia, ar aris aucilebeli erT romelime konkretul teqstSi realizebuli iyos yvela stereotipuli formula, maTi raodenoba SeiZleba minimumamde iqnas dayvanili, rac albaT unda aixsnebodes tradiciis SesustebiT romelime saymoSi, an romelime xucesis xarveziani praqtikiT. arsebuli Canawerebis mixedviT Znelia msjeloba romelime teqstis maqsimalur sisruleze, magram mainc aris iseTi teqstebi, romlebic am sisrulis STabeWdilebas stoveben, imdenad amomwuravad scemen pasuxs maxvewaris yoveldRiur interesebs. ase rom, xucobaTa gamoyenebis diapazoni metad vrcelia, igi yofacxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferos moicavs. yoveli met-naklebad mniSvnelovani saqmianoba Tu xdomileba adamianis cxovrebaSi ritualizebulia da aucileblobiT moiTxovs xucesis Carevas konkretuli garemoebisTvis dawesebuli sityviTa da qmedebiT. xucobis teqstebi gaismis msxverplis Sewirvisas (saklavis dakvlisas) jvarSi Tu jvaris ymis ojaxSi; sufris dalocvisas; sanadirod wasvlis win; Temidan mokveTisas; mtris darisxebisas; jvaris msaxurTa (dasturTa, mesafuvreTa da sxvaTa) ganaTvlisas; wyalSi Tu zvavSi daRupulis sulis Ziebisas (e.w. suliT xucoba, romelsac wamoTqvams sulis xucesi); saxelis dadebisas; sulis wyaros (daRupulis saxelze), mkvdris cxenis, jvarSi Sewiruli nivTebis (Tasis da sxvaTa), axalwulTa (jvarSi gasayvanTa), 142

mekvleTa, doRis dalocvisas; jvarSi mitanili qada-purebis gaservisas, ludis kodis gaxsnisas, samanis Cadgmisas, samkalSi pirvelad gasvlisas, stumris gastumrebisas da sxva da sxva SemTxvevisaTvis. cxadia, yovel rituals Tavisi sakuTrivi teqsti Seesatyviseba. mogvyavs xevsuruli xucobis teqsti, romelic warmoTqmuli iqna gudanSi 1994 wels aTengenobas saklavis dakvlisas gudanis jvris xucesis gaga WinWaraulis piriT: `aaa, dideeba RmerTsa, madli RmerTsa, dideba dRes dResindelsa, rjul qristianTa, mzesa-d’ mzis myol angelozTa. dideba-d’ gamarjveba Senda, batono xTiSobelo, naÃarela zRurblis damteo, zar eklesiis damWero, Sen gadidas RmerTma, Sen gagimarjvas, Seni gamCeni morige RmerTi gadidebs, gaZrielebs, ar magiwyens, ar magiZulebs, Sens samsaxuris mamxseneebs nu maiwyen, nu maiZuleb. rasa mÃarze da gulze gexvewebodas, imazed gaugonidi. Sen morige RmerTs gamauTxovidi, did kviraes Saaxvewnidi. xcevdi xfarevdi, Svelidi swyalobdi, avis dRisa, laRis mtrisa, mwaris dRisa, mwaris sikvdilisa, mavnisa, marÃisa, Sen kalTa daufaridi. es moxrili Coqiv, maTxoiliv madliv, maxsenebulsa samsaxursa, Sen samsaxuris mamxsenisa, magaT Tav-yudro jalafobisa orfeÃ-oTxfeÃisa, qudosan mandilosnisa, naSvral-namuSavrisa da bedisa-d’ bolosa yurTamsmeneli, mlxeneli, mxoiSnebelimc iqnebi, agremc gagemarjvebis...~ [sadideblebi:15]. es aris e. w. xucobis teqstis is nawili, romelic sadideblisa Tu damwyalobnebis saxeliT aris cnobili. misi Sinaarsi stereotipebisgan Sedgeba, romlebic umniSvnelo variaciebiT meordeba sxvadasxva saymoebSi warmoTqmul teqstebSi. xevsuri xucesi arasodes aZlevs Tavs uflebas Tundac umniSvnelo cvlileba Seitanos teqstSi. gansxvavebebi mxolod saymoTa adgilobriv tradicias gamoxatavs da ar aris gamowveuli misi warmomTqmelis nebaze da gemovnebaze. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom erTi da igive xucesi arasodes warmoTqvams savsebiT identur teqsts _ mis arsenalSi arsebobs vrceli da SekumSuli versiebi. magaliTisTvis, gaga WinWaraulis mier imave dRis sxva monakveTSi, xatis sxva adgilas warmoTqmul damwyalobnebaSi dasawyisic gansxvavebulia da sxva stereotipebic iCens Tavs: “batono xTiSobelo, xTiSoblis laSqarno, gza-Saras yaraulno, Tqven gadidnasT RmerTma, Tqven gagimarjvasT damadlebulze TeTreulzed, sanTelzed... Tqven sefe-sanTelsa, WiqabarZimsa, TeTreulis dammadleebs nu maiwyenT, nu maiZulebT...me rasac maxsenebas davakleb Tqven Wiqa-barzimTa, sefe-sanTelsa, damadlebul TeTreulsa, Tqven Tqven wyalobas nu daaklebT, agremc gagemarjvebisT. ikadreT, aitaneT da xTis karze maiÃmareT, magcasT wyaloba, mezRvne-mesanTleebo, sawaRmarTod magiarasT, davlaT dagaxmarasT, zRvnoba-sanTloba, sefe-sanTlis Ãseneba, TeTreulis 143

gabrieli), romelic mfarvelobs ama Tu im, saymod wodebul<br />

sazogadoebas. saymo da misi teritoria iTvleba winaistoriul xanaSi<br />

(“mas Jamsa Sina”) romelime jvarisa Tu RvTisSvilis mopovebulad da<br />

daarsebulad da ganagrZobs cxovrebas misi mfarvelobis qveS istoriul<br />

xanaSi. yoveli saymos, rogorc yovelTa miwierTa gangeba RvTis (“morige<br />

RmerTis”) xelSia, magram adamianebs, saymos uSualo (Tumca xucesis<br />

meSveobiT, romelic saymos warmomadgenelia) urTierToba jvarTan aqvs,<br />

morige RmerTis kari Sors aris, jvaris kari ki iqvea, sofelSi. saymo<br />

xucesis piriT elaparakeba jvars, xolo jvari qadagis piriT _ saymos,<br />

roca RvTis gangebas ucxadebs mas. es ormxrivi mimarTuleba _ saymodan<br />

morige RmerTisaken da morige RmerTidan saymosaken qmnis ori saxis<br />

sakulto teqstebis arsebobis pirobas. pirvelia saxuco anu xucesis<br />

warmosaTqmeli teqstebi, meore _ naqadagarni, qadagis mier warmoTqmuli<br />

teqstebi.<br />

I. saxuco teqstebi. am regionis sakulto teqstebs Soris<br />

gansakuTrebuli kanonikurobiT gamoirCeva xevsuruli xucobani. es is<br />

teqstebia, romelTac warmoTqvams xucesi sxvadasxva SemTxvevebis gamo<br />

jvaris karze. maTi adresati yovelTvis aris konkretuli jvari<br />

(RvTisSvili) an mTeli "panTeoni", mTeli erToblioba jvarTa morige<br />

RmerTis ufrosobiT. es teqstebi, rogorc wesi, Sedgeba garkveuli<br />

raodenobis stereotipuli sintagmisagan, romlebic mcireodeni<br />

saxecvlilebiT gadadis erTi teqstidan meore teqstSi. es cvlilebebi<br />

sruliad umniSvneloa, isini exeba sintaqsur mxares. mosalodneli unda<br />

yofiliyo stereotipul sintagmaTa gansazRvruli, kanonikurad<br />

dadgenili (tradiciiT ganmtkicebuli) Tanamimdevroba, rac arsebiTad<br />

dasturdeba kidec, magram es Tanamimdevroba yvelgan ar xorcieldeba.<br />

aseve, cxadia, ar aris aucilebeli erT romelime konkretul teqstSi<br />

realizebuli iyos yvela stereotipuli formula, maTi raodenoba<br />

SeiZleba minimumamde iqnas dayvanili, rac albaT unda aixsnebodes<br />

tradiciis SesustebiT romelime saymoSi, an romelime xucesis xarveziani<br />

praqtikiT. arsebuli Canawerebis mixedviT Znelia msjeloba romelime<br />

teqstis maqsimalur sisruleze, magram mainc aris iseTi teqstebi,<br />

romlebic am sisrulis STabeWdilebas stoveben, imdenad amomwuravad<br />

scemen pasuxs maxvewaris yoveldRiur interesebs.<br />

ase rom, xucobaTa gamoyenebis diapazoni metad vrcelia, igi yofacxovrebis<br />

TiTqmis yvela sferos moicavs. yoveli met-naklebad<br />

mniSvnelovani saqmianoba Tu xdomileba adamianis cxovrebaSi<br />

ritualizebulia da aucileblobiT moiTxovs xucesis Carevas<br />

konkretuli garemoebisTvis dawesebuli sityviTa da qmedebiT. xucobis<br />

teqstebi gaismis msxverplis Sewirvisas (saklavis dakvlisas) jvarSi Tu<br />

jvaris ymis ojaxSi; sufris dalocvisas; sanadirod wasvlis win; Temidan<br />

mokveTisas; mtris darisxebisas; jvaris msaxurTa (dasturTa, mesafuvreTa<br />

da sxvaTa) ganaTvlisas; wyalSi Tu zvavSi daRupulis sulis Ziebisas<br />

(e.w. suliT xucoba, romelsac wamoTqvams sulis xucesi); saxelis<br />

dadebisas; sulis wyaros (daRupulis saxelze), mkvdris cxenis, jvarSi<br />

Sewiruli nivTebis (Tasis da sxvaTa), axalwulTa (jvarSi gasayvanTa),<br />

142

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