qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
eWduri niSnebia. mTqmels yovelTvis msmeneli hyavs mxedvelobaSi, msmeneli ki yovelTvis konkretulia, mas Tavisi vinaoba aqvs _ uvinaobo auditoria ar arsebobs arc obieqturad da arc mTqmelisTvis. msmeneli arsebobs da Tavs iCens garemoSi, xolo garemo (es sofeli, es kuTxe) yovelTvis konkretulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom konkretuli garemo, auditoria, msmenelTa wre, badebs ama Tu im variants. marTalia, xalxuri teqsti mxolod variantebad da, amasTanave, rac mTavaria, Tanasworuflebian variantebad arsebobs, da es aris misi xalxurobis erT-erTi gadamwyveti niSani, mainc ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom teqsti Tavdapirvelad erTi iyo, radgan is erTi avtoris piridan gamovida. variantebi meoreulia, Tumca isini xalxuri zepiri teqstis bedisweraa. Znelia gaziareba im Tvalsazrisisa, romlis Tanaxmadac `araviTari Tavdapirveli, amosavali teqsti ar arsebula da arc SeiZleba arsebuliyo~ (vl. propi), rom `folkloruli nawarmoebi imTaviTve iqmneba ara erTaderTi teqstis saxiT, aramed mxatvrul CanafiqrTa realizaciebis saxiT, e. i. variantebad~ (b. putilovi). magram sakiTxavia, vis gonebaSi ibadeba es Canafiqri, Tu ara erTi pirovnebisa, Tundac is iyos koleqtivis zraxvaTa da azrTa wyobis (mentalitetis) gamomxatveli. koleqtiuroba raki xalxuri nawarmoebi mxolod da mxolod variantebad arsebobs da es aris misi arsebobis bunebrivi forma, anu uvarianto, erTaderT teqstad arsebuli nawarmoebi ver CaiTvleba xalxur nawarmoebad, laparaki mis avtorze, rogorc erT pirovnebaze, mainc principulad SeuZlebelia. misi variantebis SeqmnaSi Taobebi iReben monawileobas da, amdenad, amgvarad warmoSobili nawarmoebi saxalxo, koleqtiuri sakuTrebaa. is yvelas ekuTvnis, radgan mis SeqmnaSi monawileoba aqvs miRebuli ara mxolod pirvel mTqmels, aramed gardamTqmels da msmenelsac TaobaTa manZilze drosa da sivrceSi. koleqtiurobas meore mxarec aqvs. xalxuri nawarmoebi imitomac aris koleqtiuri sakuTreba, rom is gamoxatavs ara kerZo pirovnebis, aramed folkis suliskveTebas, is mtkiced zis ama Tu im sazogadoebis tradiciaSi, am cnebis ufarToesi gagebiT _ aq igulisxmeba ara mxolod tradiciuli poetika, poeturi gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi, rogorc saerTo monapovari, aramed yofiTi kultura da msoflxedvelobriv warmodgenaTa sistema _ mTeli memkvidreobiTi sulieri dovlaTi. koleqtiurobis xasiaTi kargad gamoTqva karl gustav iungma: `koleqtiuri aracnobieri Tu gaaqtiurda, kaci sakuTar Tavs aRar ekuTvnis” [iungi:62]. amgvarad aqvs dakarguli saxalxo poet-mTqmels sakuTari Tavi. garkveuli azriT, swored am dakargviT iqmneba namdvili xalxuri nawarmoebi rogorc koleqtiuri sakuTreba. tradiciuloba 14
a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocema) is arxia (kalapoti), romelSic Taobidan Taobamde miedineba xalxuri yofa da, masTan erTad, Semoqmedeba. tradicia ganapirobebs xalxis (koleqtivis) yofis mdgradobas. koleqtivis konservatizmi _ yofiTi, msoflmxedvelobiTi, kulturuli, mxatvruli _ misi tradiciulobis meore mxarea. folkloruli Janruli sistemis urRvevoba da mdgradoba swored tradiciis Zalazea damyarebuli. tradiciul yofaSi Zlieria tradiciis mowola individis cnobierebaze. individi am tradiciis wiaRSia dabadebuli, aRzrdilia masSi da Tavadac am tradiciis, sxvanairad, mama-papis anderZnamagis gamtari da aRmsrulebelia. magram es ar gamoricxavs individualuri gadaxrebis rols tradiciaSi. arasodes individis cnobiereba ar aris avsebuli mTlianad tradiciuli msoflgancdiT, eTikur-moraluri da esTetikuri idealebiT. "adgili rCeba" individualurs, romelic, xSir SemTxvevaSi, aracnobierad, uneburad poulobs gamosavals da SeumCnevlad "iwveTeba" tradiciis kalapotSi. tradicia aris gadacema (laTinuri sityva traditio amas niSnavs), xolo rac gadasacemia, arasdros absoluturi sizustiT ar gadaicema, gadacemuli yovel jerze saxecvlilebas, Tundac umniSvnelos, Tavad gadamcemisTvisac SeumCnevels, ganicdis. magram yvelaferi es xdeba isev da isev mdgradi tradiciis farglebSi. ganaxlebuli nakadi kvlav miedineba, gza da gza gadaxarSavs ra am individualurs. magram Tu sazogadoebis istoria individualur gamovlenaTa istoriac aris, im pirveli tradiciidan aRebuli qani sabolood veRar Zlevs individualur gamovlenebs da tradiciac icvleba, anu axal tradicias eyreba safuZveli. mTqmelis mexsierebaSi daculi tradiciuli teqsti raRac axals iZens misi aqtualizaciis procesSi. warmoTqmuli teqsti ar aris identuri mexsierebaSi potenciurad arsebuli, daculi teqstisa. Semosuli siaxle, romelic qmnis gansxvavebas, mTqmeliseulia. es asea yoveli axali warmoTqmisas. siaxlis Semotana teqstSi mxolod maSin dasruldeba, roca is aRar warmoiTqmis, roca misi aqtualizacia aRar xdeba, anu is wyvets arsebobas, rogorc folkloruli teqsti. improvizacia improvizaciaze, rogorc xalxuri Semoqmdebebis, erT-erT niSanze, vlaparakobT, erTi mxriv, variantulobaa, meore mxriv, tardiciulobasTan dakavSirebiT. `improvizacia yvelganarsebulia, igi msWvalavs mTels folklors, myofobs yoveli cvlilebis dros, versiebisa da axali nawarmoebebis warmoqmnisas~ [anikini:116] garemo qmnis improvizaciis pirobas. erTi mxriv, arsebobs improvizaciis unari, meore mxriv, arsebobs auditoriis mzaoba improvizaciis molodinisTvis. improvizacia, romelic variants badebs, konkretuli situaciiT aris ganpirobebuli. ras warmoadgens situacia? risgan Sedgeba igi? “situacias unda mivakuTvnoT msmenelTa Semadgenloba. improvizacia sxvadasxvagvarad miikvlevs gzas imisda mixedviT, Tu vis uyveba mezRapre zRapars, bavSvebs 15
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11 and 12: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 13: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
- Page 63 and 64: simboluria, arasodes gamoxatavs mTl
eWduri niSnebia. mTqmels yovelTvis msmeneli hyavs mxedvelobaSi,<br />
msmeneli ki yovelTvis konkretulia, mas Tavisi vinaoba aqvs _ uvinaobo<br />
auditoria ar arsebobs arc obieqturad da arc mTqmelisTvis. msmeneli<br />
arsebobs da Tavs iCens garemoSi, xolo garemo (es sofeli, es kuTxe)<br />
yovelTvis konkretulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom konkretuli garemo,<br />
auditoria, msmenelTa wre, badebs ama Tu im variants.<br />
marTalia, xalxuri teqsti mxolod variantebad da, amasTanave, rac<br />
mTavaria, Tanasworuflebian variantebad arsebobs, da es aris misi<br />
xalxurobis erT-erTi gadamwyveti niSani, mainc ar unda dagvaviwydes,<br />
rom teqsti Tavdapirvelad erTi iyo, radgan is erTi avtoris piridan<br />
gamovida. variantebi meoreulia, Tumca isini xalxuri zepiri teqstis<br />
bedisweraa.<br />
Znelia gaziareba im Tvalsazrisisa, romlis Tanaxmadac `araviTari<br />
Tavdapirveli, amosavali teqsti ar arsebula da arc SeiZleba<br />
arsebuliyo~ (vl. propi), rom `folkloruli nawarmoebi imTaviTve<br />
iqmneba ara erTaderTi teqstis saxiT, aramed mxatvrul CanafiqrTa<br />
realizaciebis saxiT, e. i. variantebad~ (b. putilovi). magram sakiTxavia,<br />
vis gonebaSi ibadeba es Canafiqri, Tu ara erTi pirovnebisa, Tundac is<br />
iyos koleqtivis zraxvaTa da azrTa wyobis (mentalitetis) gamomxatveli.<br />
koleqtiuroba<br />
raki xalxuri nawarmoebi mxolod da mxolod variantebad arsebobs<br />
da es aris misi arsebobis bunebrivi forma, anu uvarianto, erTaderT<br />
teqstad arsebuli nawarmoebi ver CaiTvleba xalxur nawarmoebad,<br />
laparaki mis avtorze, rogorc erT pirovnebaze, mainc principulad<br />
SeuZlebelia. misi variantebis SeqmnaSi Taobebi iReben monawileobas da,<br />
amdenad, amgvarad warmoSobili nawarmoebi saxalxo, koleqtiuri<br />
sakuTrebaa. is yvelas ekuTvnis, radgan mis SeqmnaSi monawileoba aqvs<br />
miRebuli ara mxolod pirvel mTqmels, aramed gardamTqmels da<br />
msmenelsac TaobaTa manZilze drosa da sivrceSi.<br />
koleqtiurobas meore mxarec aqvs. xalxuri nawarmoebi imitomac<br />
aris koleqtiuri sakuTreba, rom is gamoxatavs ara kerZo pirovnebis,<br />
aramed folkis suliskveTebas, is mtkiced zis ama Tu im sazogadoebis<br />
tradiciaSi, am cnebis ufarToesi gagebiT _ aq igulisxmeba ara mxolod<br />
tradiciuli poetika, poeturi gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi, rogorc saerTo<br />
monapovari, aramed yofiTi kultura da msoflxedvelobriv warmodgenaTa<br />
sistema _ mTeli memkvidreobiTi sulieri dovlaTi.<br />
koleqtiurobis xasiaTi kargad gamoTqva karl gustav iungma:<br />
`koleqtiuri aracnobieri Tu gaaqtiurda, kaci sakuTar Tavs aRar<br />
ekuTvnis” [iungi:62]. amgvarad aqvs dakarguli saxalxo poet-mTqmels<br />
sakuTari Tavi. garkveuli azriT, swored am dakargviT iqmneba namdvili<br />
xalxuri nawarmoebi rogorc koleqtiuri sakuTreba.<br />
tradiciuloba<br />
14
Change language