qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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qurdovaniZe 2000: Курдованидзе Т., Указатель сюжетов грузинской народной сказки, “Мерани”, Тб., 2000. Bausinger H., Formen der “Volkpoesie”, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 1980. arsenas leqsi (poezia da sinamdvile) `arsenas leqsi~ qarTuli xalxuri epikuri Semoqmedebis gviani nayofia. igi XIX s-is me-2 naxevarSia Seqmnili. misi mTavari gmiri realuri pirovnebaa, TiTqos cnobilia misi dabadebis (1797), gavardnisa (1823) da sikvdilis (1842) TariRebi. miuxedavad amisa, `arsenas leqsis~ gmiri tradiciuli epikuri gmiris yvela niSans atarebs. `leqsi~ anonimuria. cnobilni arian mxolod is xalxuri mTqmelebi – moxetiale mestvireebi, romlebic mTel saqarTveloSi avrcelebdnen `Sairsityvas~ ukve legendad qceul keTilSobil yaCaRze, ase tragikulad rom daasrula Tavisi cxovreba. `arsenas leqsi~ mestvireTa repertuaris aucilebel nawils Seadgenda. asrulebdnen mas religiur Tu saxalxo dResaswaulebze, Tavyrilobebze, soflad Tu qalaqad. rogorc Cans, `Sairsityvebi~ arsena oZelaSvilze missave sicocxleSi yofila SeTxzuli da gavrcelebuli. rusuli gazeTis `kavkazis~ (1846 #7) cnoba mowmobs am leqsebis popularobas xalxSi. germaneli mogzaurisa da eTnografis a. haqsthauzenis (1792-1866) wignSi (rusuli Targmani “Закавказский край” gamoqveynda 1857 w.) moxvda arsenas ambavi, romelic mas germaneli kolonistebisgan hqonia gagebuli TbilisSi jer kidev 1843 wels. arsenas `Sairsityvas~ germanelTa wreSic SeuRwevia. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom a. haqsthauzenisTvis Tbilisel germanelebs arsenas Tavgadasavali swored xalxuri leqsebis mixedviT eambaT, ramdenadac am monaTxrobis detalebi emTxveva `arsenas leqsis~ zogierT epizods, Tumca 122

arsebiTi gansxvavebebic arsebobs (ix. damateba 1). rogorc garkveulia, leqsi Tu leqsebi arsenaze 1841-1846 wlebSi unda Seqmniliyo [kakiaSvili]. pirveli publikacia `arsenas leqsisa~ ekuTvnis nikoloz yifians (1847- 1905), romelmac sxvadasxva variantis safuZvelze Seadgina erTi Serwymuli teqsti da ilias `kako yaCaRTan~ erTad dabeWda calke wignad (1872 w.). is teqsti `arsenas leqsisa~, romelic dRemde ibeWdeba, p. umikaSvilis xelidan aris gamosuli (pirvelad gamoqveynda 1874 w.). `arsenas teqstis~ dadgenaSi p. umikaSvilis Rvawlis Sesaxeb ix. [gvaramaZe: 45-46]. man gamokveTa eposis saboloo saxe, erT Zafze aago mis xelT arsebuli calkeuli epizodi, romlebic erTmaneTTan daukavSireblad sruldeboda mestvireTa mier. umikaSvilis arqivSi daculia epizodebi, romlebic mas ar gamouyenebia `arsenas leqsis~ asagebad. da mainc umikaSviliseuli gamTlianeba arsena yaCaRis garSemo arsebuli `Sairsityvebisa~ metnaklebad amomwuravia da dRemde inarCunebs rogorc mxatvrul, ise informaciul mniSvnelobas. mis Semdeg aravis ucdia Sevseba `arsenas leqsisa~ sxva epizodebiT, an p. umikaSvilis mier gamoyenebuli masalis sxvagvarad ganlageba. p. umikaSviliseuli teqsti optimaluria: TiToeuli epizodi masSi poulobs Tavis erTaderT kuTvnil adgils. marTalia, mestvireTa repertuari arasodes moicavda yvela arsebuli epizodisgan Semdgar erT mTlian teqsts, unda vifiqroT, rom maT cnobierebaSi virtualurad arsebobda calkeul epizodTa Tavdapirveli erTianobis gancda. savsebiT gasaziarebelia amasTan dakavSirebiT g. barnovis Tvalsazrisi, romelic man amgvarad gamoTqva: `arsenas leqsi~ ar warmoadgens sxvadasxva epizodebis meqanikur gadabmas. igi Tavidanve gaazrebuli unda yofiliyo rogorc epikuri tilo, mTliani istoria saxalxo gmirisa. vfiqrob, swored aman ganapiroba rekonstruqciis warmateba~ [barnovi 1989:24]. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis literaturis institutis folklorul arqivSi, p. umikaSvilis koleqciaSi, daculia `arsenas leqsis~ erTi teqsti, rogorc Cans, pirveli (an erT-erTi) cda arsebuli variantebis gamTlianebisa, romelic p. umikaSvils ar gamouqveynebia (SoTa rusTavelis sax. qarTuli literaturis institutis folkloruli arqivi = fa. umik. 15/2). `arsenas leqsis~ gmiri arsena oZelaSvili realuri piria. Tavisi epoqisa da sazogadoebis Svili. misi samoqmedo asparezic, cxadia, savsebiT realur sivrceSia gaSlili – es aris aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, misi TiTqmis yoveli mxare. `arsenas leqsi~ sxva xalxur qmnilebaTagan toponimebis uCveulo siuxviT gamoirCeva. misi gmiris saasparezo are vrcelia: TrialeTi, marabda, koda, TeleTi, kumisi, somxiTi (sofeli), Tbilisi (`qalaqi~), almasis wyali, Siraqi, Tavfaravnis tba, gomareTi, qiziyi – bodbisxevi, martyofi, diRomi, mcxeTa, muxaTgverdi, zemo qarTli, axalcixe. saqarTvelos farglebs gareT: yazaxi (azerbaijanSi). arsenas ambavSi monawileoben da ubralod naxsenebi arian sxvadasxva 123

arsebiTi gansxvavebebic arsebobs (ix. damateba 1). rogorc garkveulia,<br />

leqsi Tu leqsebi arsenaze 1841-1846 wlebSi unda Seqmniliyo [kakiaSvili].<br />

pirveli publikacia `arsenas leqsisa~ ekuTvnis nikoloz yifians (1847-<br />

1905), romelmac sxvadasxva variantis safuZvelze Seadgina erTi<br />

Serwymuli teqsti da ilias `kako yaCaRTan~ erTad dabeWda calke wignad<br />

(1872 w.).<br />

is teqsti `arsenas leqsisa~, romelic dRemde ibeWdeba, p. umikaSvilis<br />

xelidan aris gamosuli (pirvelad gamoqveynda 1874 w.). `arsenas teqstis~<br />

dadgenaSi p. umikaSvilis Rvawlis Sesaxeb ix. [gvaramaZe: 45-46]. man<br />

gamokveTa eposis saboloo saxe, erT Zafze aago mis xelT arsebuli<br />

calkeuli epizodi, romlebic erTmaneTTan daukavSireblad sruldeboda<br />

mestvireTa mier. umikaSvilis arqivSi daculia epizodebi, romlebic mas<br />

ar gamouyenebia `arsenas leqsis~ asagebad. da mainc umikaSviliseuli<br />

gamTlianeba arsena yaCaRis garSemo arsebuli `Sairsityvebisa~<br />

metnaklebad amomwuravia da dRemde inarCunebs rogorc mxatvrul, ise<br />

informaciul mniSvnelobas. mis Semdeg aravis ucdia Sevseba `arsenas<br />

leqsisa~ sxva epizodebiT, an p. umikaSvilis mier gamoyenebuli masalis<br />

sxvagvarad ganlageba. p. umikaSviliseuli teqsti optimaluria: TiToeuli<br />

epizodi masSi poulobs Tavis erTaderT kuTvnil adgils. marTalia,<br />

mestvireTa repertuari arasodes moicavda yvela arsebuli epizodisgan<br />

Semdgar erT mTlian teqsts, unda vifiqroT, rom maT cnobierebaSi<br />

virtualurad arsebobda calkeul epizodTa Tavdapirveli erTianobis<br />

gancda. savsebiT gasaziarebelia amasTan dakavSirebiT g. barnovis<br />

Tvalsazrisi, romelic man amgvarad gamoTqva: `arsenas leqsi~ ar<br />

warmoadgens sxvadasxva epizodebis meqanikur gadabmas. igi Tavidanve<br />

gaazrebuli unda yofiliyo rogorc epikuri tilo, mTliani istoria<br />

saxalxo gmirisa. vfiqrob, swored aman ganapiroba rekonstruqciis<br />

warmateba~ [barnovi 1989:24]. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis SoTa<br />

rusTavelis saxelobis literaturis institutis folklorul arqivSi, p.<br />

umikaSvilis koleqciaSi, daculia `arsenas leqsis~ erTi teqsti, rogorc<br />

Cans, pirveli (an erT-erTi) cda arsebuli variantebis gamTlianebisa,<br />

romelic p. umikaSvils ar gamouqveynebia (SoTa rusTavelis sax. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />

literaturis institutis folkloruli arqivi = fa. umik. 15/2).<br />

`arsenas leqsis~ gmiri arsena oZelaSvili realuri piria. Tavisi<br />

epoqisa da sazogadoebis Svili. misi samoqmedo asparezic, cxadia,<br />

savsebiT realur sivrceSia gaSlili – es aris aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo,<br />

misi TiTqmis yoveli mxare. `arsenas leqsi~ sxva xalxur qmnilebaTagan<br />

toponimebis uCveulo siuxviT gamoirCeva. misi gmiris saasparezo are<br />

vrcelia: TrialeTi, marabda, koda, TeleTi, kumisi, somxiTi (sofeli),<br />

Tbilisi (`qalaqi~), almasis wyali, Siraqi, Tavfaravnis tba, gomareTi,<br />

qiziyi – bodbisxevi, martyofi, diRomi, mcxeTa, muxaTgverdi, zemo<br />

qarTli, axalcixe. saqarTvelos farglebs gareT: yazaxi (azerbaijanSi).<br />

arsenas ambavSi monawileoben da ubralod naxsenebi arian sxvadasxva<br />

123

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