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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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avTandils ar SeeZlo tarielisTvis qvabSi miegvara nestani, es ar iqneboda xsna. nestanis gamoxsnaSi tarielis neba da xeli aucilebeli iyo. tarielis xsna da nestanis gamoxsna erTdroulad unda momxdariyo. isini paraleluri aqtebia. TiTqos `eTerianis~ dasasruli tragikulia. siyvaruli amqveynad marcxdeba. magram misi meufeba gaaRwevs am wuTisoflis miRma, sadac xdeba gayrilTa SeerTeba. amis niSani maT saflavebze amosuli ia da vardia. amodis maT Soris ekalic, eSmakis moqmedebis niSnad, magram gaivlis vinme gamvleli da amoZirkvavs ekals. gana es ar niSnavs imas, rom eSmakis manqaneba CafuSulia? jadosnur zRaparSi, romelic `eTerianis~ mxolod eqspozicias warmoadgens, moqmedeba im zRurblamde midis, romlis Semdeg iwyeba axali era, uboroto da ueSmako, radgan zRapris gmirma ar datova pirobebi borotebisa da eSmakis manqanebaTa asaRorZineblad. gayrilTa bednieri Sexvedra am wuTisofelSive xdeba zRurblTan da isini gadadian axal eonSi. xolo rac xdeba `eTerianSi~, zRapris uaryofaa. asec SeiZleba gaviazroT masSi gaTamaSebuli drama. `eTerianis~ sakuTrivi ambavi qorwilidan iwyeba, rac zRaprisTvis dasasrulia. magram rac zRapris dasasrulia, is dramis dasawyisia, romelic mTavrdeba sikvdiliT anu wuTisoflis wesiT. zRaparSi ki wuTisoflis wesi gauqmebulia. ra xdeba `eTerianis~ qorwilze, romelic zRapris esqatologiuri qorwilis yofiTi saxea? murmanis saxiT zRapris crugmiri aRdga TiTqos sasjelidan da kvlav daisakuTra namdvili gmiris monapovari. aq imarjvebs, magram droebiT, is, vinc zRapris bolos mxilebulia, rogorc antigmiri. is CafuSavs namdvil qorwils da eklis saxiT Cadgeba mefesa da rZals Soris. eSmaki, kacobriobis mteri, angrevs aSenebuls isev da isev adamianis xeliT. is gamoCndeba zRapris bolos da ukan daatrialebs yvelafers. kvlav wvaleba, wuxili, sinaklule, rac, rogorc viciT, iwvevs gmiris gasvlas saxlidan, mis gadakargvas. eTeri kvlav mosapovebelia, is kvlav am wuTisoflis eSmakeul koSkSia gamoketili. eSmaki, romelTanac murmanma xelSekruleba dado, esqatologiuri qorwilis mteria. is xels uSlis axali cisa da axali miwis Seqmnas, mas surs samaradisod gagrZeldes dacemuli soflis JamTa dineba. wuTisofelSi is udarajebs yovel murmans da ucdis Sesafer Jams, rom gamoiyenos igi Tavisi miznis misaRwevad. eSmaks surs adamianis sulis xelSi Cagdeba, magram ufro metad mas surs, rom CaifuSos saboloo qorwili da samudamod gayaros erTmaneTs mefe da sZali. magram sabolood eSmaki uZluri gamodga. man mxolod murmanis suli Caigdo xelSi, qorwili ki ver CafuSa. qorwili dausxlta mas xelidan da im samefoSi gadainacvla, sadac eSmaks aRar ZaluZs SeRweva. im samefos niSnebi ia da vardia, sxvadasxva Jamis yvavilni, amieridan maradisobaSi ganuyofelni (ekali maT Soris efemerulia, mas aqve amoZirkvavs yoveli gamvleli), da wyaro oqros TasiTurT simbolod maTi Sendobisa. 120

P.S. Tavis dasawyisSi naxsenebi iyo hipoTeza `eTerianis~ literaturuli warmoSobis Sesaxeb. moyvanili iyo argumentebic. narkvevSi gatarebuli iyo paralelebi `vefxistyaosanTan~. axla SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `eTeriani~, Tuki is marTlac literaturuli warmomavlobisaa, `vefxistyaosans~ win unda uswrebdes, Tumca imave epoqaSi unda iyos Seqmnili. `vefxistyaosani~ mesaxeba `eTerianis~ replikad, imis saCveneblad, rom arsebobs xsna, rom araTu brolis koSki, aramed qajeTis cixis Zlevac SesaZlebelia, radgan arsebobs amqveynad, am dacemul wuTisofelSi, megobroba, siyvaruli, erTguleba. `eTerianis~ sami personaJi da erTi toposi `vefxistyaosanSi~ pouloben TavianT Sesatyvisebs: abesalomi – tarielSi, eTeri – nestanSi, marexi – asmaTSi, brolis cixe – qajeTis cixeSi. avTandilis adgili `eTerianSi~ carielia. da es aris swored `eTerianis~ tragediis mizezi. `vefxistyaosani~ avTandilis gamoCeniT Zlevs am tragediis SesaZleblobas. abesalomi eTeri marexi brolis cixe tarieli nestani asmaTi qajeTis cixe literatura 121 eSmaki murmani _ qaji _ avTandili bardaveliZe: bardaveliZe j., individualuri xasiaTis problema folklorSi, qarTuli folklori III, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1969. gilgameSiani, Zveli Suamdinaruli eposi, `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1984. eTeriani 1875: eTeriani ambavi abesalom da eTerisa. Sedgenili saxalxo leqsebisa da naTqvamebisagan petre umikaSvilis mier. dabeWdili eqvTime xelaZisagan. tf., 1875. eTeriani 1954: eTeriani, xalxuri sityviereba IV, meore seria, redaqcia, Sesavali statia da SeniSvnebi m. Ciqovanisa, `saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba~, Tb., 1954. ingoroyva: ingoroyva p., CaxruxaZe poeti. mogzauri., `kavkasioni~ 1-2, tf., 1924. ingoroyva: ingoroyva p., rusTavelis epoqis saliteraturo memkvidreoba, `rusTavelis krebuli~, 1938. kiknaZe: kiknaZe z., qarTuli miTologia I, jvari da saymo, quTaisi, 1996. qurdovaniZe 1974: qurdovaniZe T., eTeriani, Tsu, Tb., 1974. kokiara: Коккьяра Дж., История фольклористики в Европе, М., 1960.

avTandils ar SeeZlo tarielisTvis qvabSi miegvara nestani, es ar<br />

iqneboda xsna. nestanis gamoxsnaSi tarielis neba da xeli aucilebeli<br />

iyo. tarielis xsna da nestanis gamoxsna erTdroulad unda momxdariyo.<br />

isini paraleluri aqtebia.<br />

TiTqos `eTerianis~ dasasruli tragikulia. siyvaruli amqveynad<br />

marcxdeba. magram misi meufeba gaaRwevs am wuTisoflis miRma, sadac<br />

xdeba gayrilTa SeerTeba. amis niSani maT saflavebze amosuli ia da<br />

vardia. amodis maT Soris ekalic, eSmakis moqmedebis niSnad, magram<br />

gaivlis vinme gamvleli da amoZirkvavs ekals. gana es ar niSnavs imas,<br />

rom eSmakis manqaneba CafuSulia? jadosnur zRaparSi, romelic<br />

`eTerianis~ mxolod eqspozicias warmoadgens, moqmedeba im zRurblamde<br />

midis, romlis Semdeg iwyeba axali era, uboroto da ueSmako, radgan<br />

zRapris gmirma ar datova pirobebi borotebisa da eSmakis manqanebaTa<br />

asaRorZineblad. gayrilTa bednieri Sexvedra am wuTisofelSive xdeba<br />

zRurblTan da isini gadadian axal eonSi.<br />

xolo rac xdeba `eTerianSi~, zRapris uaryofaa. asec SeiZleba<br />

gaviazroT masSi gaTamaSebuli drama. `eTerianis~ sakuTrivi ambavi<br />

qorwilidan iwyeba, rac zRaprisTvis dasasrulia. magram rac zRapris<br />

dasasrulia, is dramis dasawyisia, romelic mTavrdeba sikvdiliT anu<br />

wuTisoflis wesiT. zRaparSi ki wuTisoflis wesi gauqmebulia. ra xdeba<br />

`eTerianis~ qorwilze, romelic zRapris esqatologiuri qorwilis<br />

yofiTi saxea? murmanis saxiT zRapris crugmiri aRdga TiTqos<br />

sasjelidan da kvlav daisakuTra namdvili gmiris monapovari. aq<br />

imarjvebs, magram droebiT, is, vinc zRapris bolos mxilebulia, rogorc<br />

antigmiri. is CafuSavs namdvil qorwils da eklis saxiT Cadgeba mefesa<br />

da rZals Soris. eSmaki, kacobriobis mteri, angrevs aSenebuls isev da<br />

isev adamianis xeliT. is gamoCndeba zRapris bolos da ukan daatrialebs<br />

yvelafers. kvlav wvaleba, wuxili, sinaklule, rac, rogorc viciT, iwvevs<br />

gmiris gasvlas saxlidan, mis gadakargvas. eTeri kvlav mosapovebelia, is<br />

kvlav am wuTisoflis eSmakeul koSkSia gamoketili. eSmaki, romelTanac<br />

murmanma xelSekruleba dado, esqatologiuri qorwilis mteria. is xels<br />

uSlis axali cisa da axali miwis Seqmnas, mas surs samaradisod<br />

gagrZeldes dacemuli soflis JamTa dineba. wuTisofelSi is udarajebs<br />

yovel murmans da ucdis Sesafer Jams, rom gamoiyenos igi Tavisi miznis<br />

misaRwevad. eSmaks surs adamianis sulis xelSi Cagdeba, magram ufro<br />

metad mas surs, rom CaifuSos saboloo qorwili da samudamod gayaros<br />

erTmaneTs mefe da sZali. magram sabolood eSmaki uZluri gamodga. man<br />

mxolod murmanis suli Caigdo xelSi, qorwili ki ver CafuSa. qorwili<br />

dausxlta mas xelidan da im samefoSi gadainacvla, sadac eSmaks aRar<br />

ZaluZs SeRweva. im samefos niSnebi ia da vardia, sxvadasxva Jamis<br />

yvavilni, amieridan maradisobaSi ganuyofelni (ekali maT Soris<br />

efemerulia, mas aqve amoZirkvavs yoveli gamvleli), da wyaro oqros<br />

TasiTurT simbolod maTi Sendobisa.<br />

120

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