qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
warmoSobiT folklori unda davuaxlovoT ara literaturas, aramed enas, romelic aravis gamougonia da ara hyavs arc avtori da arc avtorebi. igi warmoiSveba da icvleba sruliad kanonzomierad da adamianTa nebisgan damoukidebliv...~ [propi 1976 :21-22] folkloris enasTan daaxloebaSi aris WeSmaritebis marcvali, magram Zneli dasajerebelia, rom romelime xalxuri poeturi nawarmoebi, Tundac ritualuri teqsti, Selocva Tu wyevlis formula, iseve uavtorod iyos Seqmnili, rogorc ena, rogorc aseTi, mis mTlianobaSi. ras warmoadgens sinamdvileSi es "sruliad gansxvavebuli xerxebi"? arseboben ki isini realurad, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi Seswavla? folklori Semoqmedebaa da Semoqmedeba mxolod adamianis pirovnebis unaria. Tuki arsebobs Seqmnili, unda arsebobdes viRac, romelic qmnis .. zemoTmotanili Sexeduleba folklorul Semoqmedebaze aSkarad panTeisturia, is uaryofs Semoqmeds da aRiarebs Seqmnilis TavisTavad warmoSobas. ena namdvilad uavtorod aris warmoSobili, folkloruli teqsti ki _ Seqmnili. folkloruli teqstis anonimurobis ZiriTadi pirobaa avtorobis uflebis principuli ararseboba tradiciul sazogadoebaSi. es is sferoa, romelsac yvelaze gvian daeufla kerZo sakuTrebis Segneba. Folkis wreSi myofma Semoqmedma ar SeiZleba miiCnios Tavi mis mier SeTxzuli teqstis iseTsave avtorad, rogoric literaturuli anu samwerlo nawarmoebis avtoria. individualuri avtori _ mwerali, rogorc Semoqmedi, ar ekuTvnis xalxs im azriT, rogorc ekuTvnis mas xalxuri avtori. pirveli gamoTqvams Tavis pirovnuls upiratesad, meore _ xalxisas upiratesad. pirveli eZebs originalurs, sakuTars, ganumeorebels, jerarTqmuls. meore eZebs mxolod imas, rasac xalxi moiwonebs da dasturs dascems. da es mowoneba da dasturcema mravali Taobis manZilze grZeldeba. am mowonebis intuicia da alRo aqvs xalxis mgosans, romelic itvirTavs xalxis fiqris da suliskveTebis gamoxatvas. is koleqtivis niRabia, koleqtivi RaRadebs misi piriT, is misi xmaa, misi sayviria. rogor SeiZleba man ifiqros, rom rasac is warmoTqvams, misi sakuTrebaa? misi ganuyofeli sakuTreba mxolod misi niWia da unaria, romelsac is gamoTqmis `iaraRad~ iyenebs. is Tavisi niWiT aris gamorCeuli folkisgan. am niWieris Semoqmedebaze da misi Semoqmedebis nayofze amgvar tevad formulas ayalibebs vasil barnovi: `eris gulisnadebs pirvelad warmoTqvams romelime niWieri Svili erisa, naTqvami aRibeWdeba msmenelTa mexsierebaSi da gavrceldeba zepirsityvaobiT erTi adgilidan meore adgilas, erTi Taobidan meore Taobaze.“ es `niWieri Svili“, cxadia, arsebobda realurad, fizikurad, Tavisi sisxliTa da xorciT. is daibada, cxovrobda, mokvda, sadRac miwaSi misi sakuTari Zvlebi marxia. usamarTloba iqneboda, wagverTva egzistencialuroba misi individualobisaTvis, magram, vimeorebT, Tavis SemoqmedebaSi, Tavis „naTqvamSi“, igi arasodes cdilobda Tavisi pirovnulis, individualuris, kerZos wamowevas misi gaxmaurebisa da gasajaroebis (gaqveynebis) mizniT. misi "naTqvami" namdvilad "eris gulisnadebs" Seicavs, is ubrunebs xalxs mis nafiqrals, ubrunebs 12
gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogoradac verc erTi maTgani ver Camoayalibebda. aTavisuflebs ra "mgalobel Cits" galiidan, igi aRar zrunavs da arc SeuZlia izrunos mis bedze, raTa erTxel "nagalobebi" pirvelqmnili saxiT iqnas Senaxuli. pirvelqmnili saxiT teqsts mxolod beWduri (da axal droSi eleqtronuli) wigni inaxavs. variantuloba sityvis zepiri gavrceleba gardauvalad iwvevs teqstis cvlilebas. zepiri sityva Tavisufalia, gansxvavebiT dabeWdili sityvisagan, magram mas axlavs nakli: igi eqvemdebareba droJams, romelic Tavis beWeds asvams mas. droSi da sivrceSi igi icvleba, aCens variantebs, rogorc Citi bartyebs. pirvelSemoqmedis piridan gamosuli teqsti `ibartyebs~. mkacri azriT, xalxuri teqsti mxolod da mxolod misi romelime variantis saxiT arsebobs, amaoa misi invariantuli anu arqetipuli, Tu "kanonikuri" teqstis Zieba. kanonikuroba mxolod literaturul SemoqmedebaSia saZiebeli, radgan literatura da misi avtori amas moiTxoven. mwerali, literatori ara mxolod Txzulebas qmnis, aramed aris am Txzulebis kanonikuri teqstis avtori, romlis xelyofis ufleba, Tundac gaumjobesebis mizniT, aravis aqvs. xalxuri SemoqmedebisTvis ucxoa kanonikuroba, is ar ipoveba bunebaSi, is `gafrenilia~, rogorc galiidan gaSvebuli frinveli. magram mainc arqetipi (pirvelqmnili teqsti) mTqmelis gonebaSi, mexsierebaSi "Crdilis" (ludvig vitgenStainis terminiT) saxiT aris daculi da is yoveli warmoTqmisas "cocxldeba", xorcs isxams, Tumca verasodes daemTxveva im pirvelTqmuls. am azriT aris yoveli warmoTqma axali Semoqmedeba, axal da axal variantTa Cena. am garemoebam warmoSva termini avtor-mTqmeli. xalxuri teqstis arseboba mxolod avtor-mTqmelTa mier warmoSobil variantebad aris warmosadgeni da SesaZlebeli. maT ricxvs dasasruli ar eqneba, Tu saerTod ar Sewyda tradicia da ar amowura variantTa Cenis SesaZlebloba. es maSin xdeba, roca mexsierebidan arqetipi waiSleba an fragmentebis saxiT sxva teqstis Semadgenel nawilebad iqceva. msmeneli potenciuri avtor-mTqmelia, romelsac SeuZlia `sakuTari~ variantis saxiT miitanos mosmenili teqsti kvlav msmenelTan da a.S. da a.S. TiToeul variants ama Tu im konkretul sazogadoebaSi, konkretul tradiciaSi, TavisTavadi mniSvneloba aqvs. yvela varianti damoukidebeli mTlianobaa da TviTmyofadia. zepirsityvieri nawarmoebis cvlilebis gardauvaloba gamowveulia im situaciiT, sadac is warmoiTqmeba anu sadac xdeba misi kvlavwarmoeba, SeiZleba iTqvas, misi xelaxali qmna. igi icvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu sad warmoiTqmis, vin ismens mas. msmeneli an msmenelTa krebuli _ auditoria ganapirobebs teqstis ara mxolod cvlilebas, aramed swored amgvar da ara sxvanair cvlilebas. radgan es konkretuli auditoriaa. es auditoria qmnis am variants, es varianti am auditoriis variantia. radgan: mTqmeli warmoTqvams amaTTvis, vis winaSec igi dgas da ara abstraqtulad, msmenelisgan ganyenebulad, imisgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc me wigni melaparakeba, roca Cemsa da avtors Soris mxolod sayovelTao 13
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9 and 10: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 11: gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unar
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
- Page 61 and 62: krilovis arakSi (Однажды л
warmoSobiT <strong>folklori</strong> unda davuaxlovoT ara literaturas, aramed<br />
enas, romelic aravis gamougonia da ara hyavs arc avtori da arc<br />
avtorebi. igi warmoiSveba da icvleba sruliad kanonzomierad da<br />
adamianTa nebisgan damoukidebliv...~ [propi 1976 :21-22]<br />
<strong>folklori</strong>s enasTan daaxloebaSi aris WeSmaritebis marcvali,<br />
magram Zneli dasajerebelia, rom romelime xalxuri poeturi nawarmoebi,<br />
Tundac ritualuri teqsti, Selocva Tu wyevlis formula, iseve<br />
uavtorod iyos Seqmnili, rogorc ena, rogorc aseTi, mis mTlianobaSi.<br />
ras warmoadgens sinamdvileSi es "sruliad gansxvavebuli xerxebi"?<br />
arseboben ki isini realurad, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi Seswavla?<br />
<strong>folklori</strong> Semoqmedebaa da Semoqmedeba mxolod adamianis pirovnebis<br />
unaria. Tuki arsebobs Seqmnili, unda arsebobdes viRac, romelic qmnis ..<br />
zemoTmotanili Sexeduleba folklorul Semoqmedebaze aSkarad<br />
panTeisturia, is uaryofs Semoqmeds da aRiarebs Seqmnilis TavisTavad<br />
warmoSobas. ena namdvilad uavtorod aris warmoSobili, folkloruli<br />
teqsti ki _ Seqmnili.<br />
folkloruli teqstis anonimurobis ZiriTadi pirobaa avtorobis<br />
uflebis principuli ararseboba tradiciul sazogadoebaSi. es is<br />
sferoa, romelsac yvelaze gvian daeufla kerZo sakuTrebis Segneba. Folkis<br />
wreSi myofma Semoqmedma ar SeiZleba miiCnios Tavi mis mier SeTxzuli<br />
teqstis iseTsave avtorad, rogoric literaturuli anu samwerlo<br />
nawarmoebis avtoria. individualuri avtori _ mwerali, rogorc<br />
Semoqmedi, ar ekuTvnis xalxs im azriT, rogorc ekuTvnis mas xalxuri<br />
avtori. pirveli gamoTqvams Tavis pirovnuls upiratesad, meore _<br />
xalxisas upiratesad. pirveli eZebs originalurs, sakuTars,<br />
ganumeorebels, jerarTqmuls. meore eZebs mxolod imas, rasac xalxi<br />
moiwonebs da dasturs dascems. da es mowoneba da dasturcema mravali<br />
Taobis manZilze grZeldeba. am mowonebis intuicia da alRo aqvs xalxis<br />
mgosans, romelic itvirTavs xalxis fiqris da suliskveTebis gamoxatvas.<br />
is koleqtivis niRabia, koleqtivi RaRadebs misi piriT, is misi xmaa, misi<br />
sayviria. rogor SeiZleba man ifiqros, rom rasac is warmoTqvams, misi<br />
sakuTrebaa? misi ganuyofeli sakuTreba mxolod misi niWia da unaria,<br />
romelsac is gamoTqmis `iaraRad~ iyenebs. is Tavisi niWiT aris<br />
gamorCeuli folkisgan.<br />
am niWieris Semoqmedebaze da misi Semoqmedebis nayofze amgvar tevad<br />
formulas ayalibebs vasil barnovi: `eris gulisnadebs pirvelad<br />
warmoTqvams romelime niWieri Svili erisa, naTqvami aRibeWdeba<br />
msmenelTa mexsierebaSi da gavrceldeba zepirsityvaobiT erTi adgilidan<br />
meore adgilas, erTi Taobidan meore Taobaze.“<br />
es `niWieri Svili“, cxadia, arsebobda realurad, fizikurad, Tavisi<br />
sisxliTa da xorciT. is daibada, cxovrobda, mokvda, sadRac miwaSi misi<br />
sakuTari Zvlebi marxia. usamarTloba iqneboda, wagverTva<br />
egzistencialuroba misi individualobisaTvis, magram, vimeorebT, Tavis<br />
SemoqmedebaSi, Tavis „naTqvamSi“, igi arasodes cdilobda Tavisi<br />
pirovnulis, individualuris, kerZos wamowevas misi gaxmaurebisa da<br />
gasajaroebis (gaqveynebis) mizniT. misi "naTqvami" namdvilad "eris<br />
gulisnadebs" Seicavs, is ubrunebs xalxs mis nafiqrals, ubrunebs<br />
12
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