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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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aris movlinebuli geris gadasarCenad _ misi gadarCena caSia gadawyvetili. geri, cocxalTagan moZulebuli, TviT mSobeli mamisganac ki mitovebuli, dedoflis Rirsebamde aRwevs. aqa aqvs gamarTleba da sazrisi gerebis zRapars, romelic gvimxels imaze mets, rasac geris socialuri Sinaarsi inaxavs. im variantebSic ki, sadac gogona ar aris geri, aramed mxolod oboli da aravin aiZulebs mas Rirsebis `damamcirebeli~ samsaxuris gawevas, igi Tavisi aRTqmiT asrulebs aseT samsaxurs. is Tavisi nebiT gadis Saragzaze da gamvlel-gamomvlels Tmas uxilavs ded-mamis sulis saoxad RvTisadmi micemuli aRTqmisamebr. aseTi nebayoflobiTi samsaxuri arasodes rCeba sazRauris gareSe, Tumca Tavad msaxuri arafers moiTxovs sanacvlod. es iseTi samsaxuria, romlisganac arafers gamoelian. dedofali, rogorc mefe, Camodis taxtidan da emsaxureba Tavis qveSevrdomT. es aris yvelaze maRali samsaxuri, roca uzenaesi udablesis msaxuri xdeba (amis arqetipi gankacebis saidumloSia). zRaparSi oblis Sesrulebuli samsaxuri ar aris ganpirobebuli misi dabali socialuri mdgomareobiT. misi msaxureba araCveulebrivi warmoSobisaa. eTerisTvis ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi geris statusi. unda vifiqroT, rom wignuri eTeris epikur vinaobaSi iqneboda raRac iseTi niSani, romelic swored gerobas unda gamoexata. Cven amis mxolod varaudi SeiZleba gvqondes. II. eTeri-tyiuri sul sxvaa es eTeri. igi araCveulkebrivi warmoSobisaa. igi udedod aris Sobili da gazrdili. mas deda ar hyolia. visi Svilia igi? aravisi. is ibadeba saswaulebrivad, rogorc dionise zevsis barZayidan. amgvarad Sobili eTeri gansxvavdeba dedinacvlis xeliT devnili da Seviwroebuli geri gogonasagan. geri da oboli qoxSi arian dabadebulni da qoxSi izrdebian (Tumca farul brwyinvalebas atareben), qoxSive aRmoaCens mas abesalomi. arwivis (Tu daTvis) gazrdili eTeri ki araTu ar Sobila qoxSi, misTvis ucxoa adamianTa sazogadoeba. mas arc ucnaurad mopovebuli brwyinvale samoseli da oqros qoSi aqvs. misi didebulebis erTaderTi niSani misi bunebrivi Tmaa. eTeri tyeSia gazrdili da tyeSive waawydeba mas sanadirod gamosuli abesalomi. amrigad, es varianti sagrZnoblad SekumSulia. gza eTerisa Tavisi adgilsamyoflidan mefis sasaxlemde ukiduresad Semoklebulia. magram raoden grZelia gza imisaTvis, visac arasodes unaxavs adamianTa sazogadoeba! man unda daZlios is manZili, romelic Zevs tyidan sasaxlemde. am eTeris silamaze pirvelqmnili, bunebrivi silamazea, risi niSani grZeli Tmebia, eTeris erTaderTi Sesamoseli. mas esaWiroeba sxvagvari Semosva da abesalomi Semosavs kidec mas, Semosavs, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes misi sasaxleSi Seyvana. amave dros Sesamoseli abesalomis ZRvenia, sasZlosaTvis, saqorwino niSnad mirTmeuli, analogiurad dedisagan nawyalobevi saCuqrisa, rogorc mziTvisa. 114

socialur dapirispirebas, romelsac gazRaprebul variantebSi qmnis eTeris warmoSoba, anu dapirispirebas qoxsa da sasaxles Soris, variantTa am wreSi enacvleba dapirispireba tyesa da sasaxles Soris. TavisTavad es aris kerZo SemTxveva fundamenturi dapirispirebisa bunebasa da kulturas Soris, rac SeiZleba RvTis qmnilebasa da adamianis qmnilebas Soris dapirispirebaSi gadaizardos. aq erTmaneTis pirispir dganan ara mxolod vaJi da qali, aramed arsebani, romlebic yofierebis or gansxvavebul sferos ekuTvnian. aq iseTive dapirispirebaa abesalomsa da eTers Soris, rogorc `gilgameSianis~ SamxaTsa da enqidus Soris [gilgameSiani:42-44], oRond rolebi Secvlili aqvs qal-vaJs: Tu `gilgameSianSi~ enqidu-vaJi bunebas ganasaxierebs, SamxaTi-qali kulturaa, romelic urbanistul centrs warmoadgens, `eTerianSi~ – qalia buneba, vaJi _ kultura. sagulisxmoa, rom Sexvedra qal-vaJs Soris sanadiro adgilebSi xdeba, rogorc Cvens, ise aqadur eposSi. rogorc `gilgameSianSi~ usaxelo monadire gadis sanadirod udabnoSi da mihyavs qali SamxaTi, uruqis kulturis gamomxatveli da matarebeli, raTa veluri enqidu Seityuos uruqSi, aziaros mis sazogadoebas, kulturas, aseve iqceva abesalomi. gauxedneli da gaxednili – es dapirispirebac erTi kerZo SemTxvevaa im Zireuli dapirispirebisa, bunebasa da kulturas Soris rom arsebobs. homerosi gauxednels uwodebs qalwuls, romelic ar Sebmula saqorwino uRelSi. niSandoblivia, rom sacolis mopoveba tyeSi xdeba: abesaloms eTeri mihyavs sasaxleSi, rogorc nanadirevi, monadirebuli. bunebrivad JRers saqorwino simRera: movdivarT, mogvixaria, mogvyavs dedali xoxobi... es, SesaZlebelia, abesalomis simRera yofiliyo, rogorc monadirisa – masSi erTiandeba mefe da monadire. monadire xom, Cveulebriv, imaze mniSvnelovans moinadirebs, risTvisac sanadirod gadis (gavixsenoT farnavazis aRmoCena tfilisis RirRalebSi, mirian mefis gansacdeli TxoTis mTaze). murmani `eTerianis~ specifikas, mis individualobas, rogorc Tqmulebisa, qmnis murmani. mis gareSe abesalomisa da eTeris ambavi zRaprad darCeboda. mas gahyavs zRapris sivrcidan eTeri da abesalomi. igi uxsnis maT gzas sxva dasasrulisken. murmania, romelic eSmakis manqanebiT gardaiqmnis Tavs Cvens Tvalwin da gardaqmnis abesalomsac, Seucvlis adgils eTersac. murmanis tipi unikaluria qarTul folklorSi, mis gamo eTeric da abesalomic iZenen unikalobas da isini axali, moulodneli saxiT warmogvidgebian. maTi namdvili, sakuTrivi cxovreba murmanis gamoCeniT iwyeba. murmani ar aris ubralo antagonisti, romelic jadosnur zRaparSi gamoCndeba xolme mTavari gmiris gzaze. mas Tavisi mkveTri individualoba, Tavisi Sinagani samyaro, Tavisi cxovreba, Tavisi mizani aqvs. is damoukidebeli personaJia, is TiTqos abesalomis ymaa, magram 115

aris movlinebuli geris gadasarCenad _ misi gadarCena caSia gadawyvetili.<br />

geri, cocxalTagan moZulebuli, TviT mSobeli mamisganac ki<br />

mitovebuli, dedoflis Rirsebamde aRwevs.<br />

aqa aqvs gamarTleba da sazrisi gerebis zRapars, romelic gvimxels<br />

imaze mets, rasac geris socialuri Sinaarsi inaxavs.<br />

im variantebSic ki, sadac gogona ar aris geri, aramed mxolod oboli<br />

da aravin aiZulebs mas Rirsebis `damamcirebeli~ samsaxuris gawevas, igi<br />

Tavisi aRTqmiT asrulebs aseT samsaxurs. is Tavisi nebiT gadis<br />

Saragzaze da gamvlel-gamomvlels Tmas uxilavs ded-mamis sulis saoxad<br />

RvTisadmi micemuli aRTqmisamebr. aseTi nebayoflobiTi samsaxuri arasodes<br />

rCeba sazRauris gareSe, Tumca Tavad msaxuri arafers moiTxovs<br />

sanacvlod. es iseTi samsaxuria, romlisganac arafers gamoelian.<br />

dedofali, rogorc mefe, Camodis taxtidan da emsaxureba Tavis<br />

qveSevrdomT. es aris yvelaze maRali samsaxuri, roca uzenaesi udablesis<br />

msaxuri xdeba (amis arqetipi gankacebis saidumloSia). zRaparSi oblis<br />

Sesrulebuli samsaxuri ar aris ganpirobebuli misi dabali socialuri<br />

mdgomareobiT. misi msaxureba araCveulebrivi warmoSobisaa.<br />

eTerisTvis ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi geris statusi. unda vifiqroT,<br />

rom wignuri eTeris epikur vinaobaSi iqneboda raRac iseTi niSani,<br />

romelic swored gerobas unda gamoexata. Cven amis mxolod varaudi<br />

SeiZleba gvqondes.<br />

II. eTeri-tyiuri<br />

sul sxvaa es eTeri. igi araCveulkebrivi warmoSobisaa. igi udedod<br />

aris Sobili da gazrdili. mas deda ar hyolia.<br />

visi Svilia igi? aravisi. is ibadeba saswaulebrivad, rogorc dionise<br />

zevsis barZayidan. amgvarad Sobili eTeri gansxvavdeba dedinacvlis<br />

xeliT devnili da Seviwroebuli geri gogonasagan. geri da oboli qoxSi<br />

arian dabadebulni da qoxSi izrdebian (Tumca farul brwyinvalebas<br />

atareben), qoxSive aRmoaCens mas abesalomi. arwivis (Tu daTvis) gazrdili<br />

eTeri ki araTu ar Sobila qoxSi, misTvis ucxoa adamianTa sazogadoeba.<br />

mas arc ucnaurad mopovebuli brwyinvale samoseli da oqros qoSi aqvs.<br />

misi didebulebis erTaderTi niSani misi bunebrivi Tmaa. eTeri tyeSia<br />

gazrdili da tyeSive waawydeba mas sanadirod gamosuli abesalomi.<br />

amrigad, es varianti sagrZnoblad SekumSulia. gza eTerisa Tavisi<br />

adgilsamyoflidan mefis sasaxlemde ukiduresad Semoklebulia. magram<br />

raoden grZelia gza imisaTvis, visac arasodes unaxavs adamianTa<br />

sazogadoeba! man unda daZlios is manZili, romelic Zevs tyidan<br />

sasaxlemde.<br />

am eTeris silamaze pirvelqmnili, bunebrivi silamazea, risi niSani<br />

grZeli Tmebia, eTeris erTaderTi Sesamoseli. mas esaWiroeba sxvagvari<br />

Semosva da abesalomi Semosavs kidec mas, Semosavs, raTa SesaZlebeli<br />

gaxdes misi sasaxleSi Seyvana. amave dros Sesamoseli abesalomis ZRvenia,<br />

sasZlosaTvis, saqorwino niSnad mirTmeuli, analogiurad dedisagan<br />

nawyalobevi saCuqrisa, rogorc mziTvisa.<br />

114

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